WO2020117086A1

WO2020117086A1 - Pulsating combustion device having vibration damping

Info

Publication number: WO2020117086A1
Application number: PCT/RU2018/000790
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ильгиз Амирович Ямилев; Андрей Алексеевич ВАКУТИН
Original assignee: Ильгиз Амирович Ямилев
Priority date: 2018-12-06
Filing date: 2018-12-06
Publication date: 2020-06-11

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used in heating systems, in particular in water heaters or boilers, and in recovery systems fuelled by the combustion of associated gas. A pulsating combustion device comprises a heat transfer agent chamber, and, disposed in said heat transfer agent chamber, a combustion chamber and at least one resonance tube connected thereto. Connected to the combustion chamber is an air and fuel gas feed system which includes at least one check valve for a gaseous medium and at least one chamber enclosing the at least one check valve for a gaseous medium. In order to reduce the level of vibrations in the device, the at least one check valve for a gaseous medium is connected directly or indirectly to the heat transfer agent chamber by means of a vibration isolator. In addition, the device can comprise at least one shock wave damper. The damper is mounted in the direction of flow of the gaseous medium at an inlet and/or outlet of the at least one check valve for a gaseous medium.

Description

Pulsed combustion device with vibration damping

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of energy and can be used in heating systems, in particular in water heaters

5 or boilers; in utilization systems working on the flaring of associated gas; in electric power generation systems.

Prior art

Pulsed combustion devices are known for their high efficiency and small size and mass per 0 unit of power. However, during operation, they create a high level of vibration at the installation site, in the hydraulic fluid system, in the smoke exhaust system, in the air supply system. Vibrations lead to reduced equipment life, high noise levels and other undesirable effects. Vibrations can spread to ⁵ rooms, which are located far from the pulsating combustion device. Vibrations significantly degrade the human environment.

Measures are being taken to reduce the vibrations generated by pulsating combustion devices. In US Pat. No. 4,919,085, sand is used to reduce the vibrations of a pulsating combustion device in an air valve enclosure. FULTON, in the Fulton Pulse HW (PHW) Fully Condensing Hydronic Boiler User Manual, Page 11: How to install elastomer cube isolation mounts

indicates the need to install vibration isolators when installing pulsating combustion devices

(http://www.manualsdir.com/manuals/345492/fulton-pulse-hw-phw-fully- condensing-hvdronic-boiler.html? page = T 1 Closest to the proposed is the pulsating combustion device according to the patent US 4259928, in which in the air supply channel an air cylinder containing an air check valve is connected to the cover of the pulsating combustion device by means of a vibration isolator, in addition, in the exhaust gas channel, the exhaust cylinder is connected to the exhaust pipe by means of a vibration isolator, as well as the entire boiler is mounted on supporting vibration isolators.

Although not all manufacturers indicate the need to connect pulsating combustion devices to the hydraulic fluid system using vibration isolators, such a need is obvious to specialists in this field.

The measures used do not give the desired result and can be significantly improved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem solved by the present invention is to reduce the level of vibration in pulsed combustion devices by reducing the level of vibration created by the check valve of the gas environment.

The technical problem is solved by a pulsating combustion device containing a coolant chamber, a combustion chamber located in the coolant chamber and at least one resonant tube connected to it, an air and combustible gas supply system connected to the combustion chamber, including at least one gas check valve medium and at least one fencing chamber of at least one gas valve, in which, according to the invention, at least one gas valve is connected directly or indirectly with the camera for the coolant using a vibration isolator.

The coolant chamber is a vessel for a liquid coolant or a chamber for a gaseous coolant.

An embodiment is possible in which the device comprises at least one check valve of the gaseous medium, which is a check valve of the combustible mixture, and at least one enclosure of said check valve.

In another embodiment, the device comprises at least two check valves of the gaseous medium, at least one of which is a check valve of air, and at least one of which is a check valve of combustible gas, and at least two enclosure chambers, respectively air valve and flammable gas check valve.

In particular cases of the device, at least one check valve of the gaseous medium is a mechanical check valve or a dynamic check valve.

There are various options for the communication of check valves with a chamber for the coolant through vibration isolators.

It is possible that at least one check valve of the gas medium is connected directly to the chamber for the coolant by means of a vibration isolator, while the wall of at least one check valve of the gas medium from the outlet side is connected by means of a vibration isolator to the wall of the coolant chamber adjacent to the inlet pipe combustion chambers.

It is also possible that at least one check valve of the gaseous medium is connected to the coolant chamber with the vibration isolator indirectly through the combustion chamber, while at least one check valve of the gaseous medium is connected by its outlet to the combustion chamber by two nozzles that are connected to each other by means of a vibration isolator.

Another embodiment of the invention is such that at least one non-return valve of the gaseous medium is connected to the chamber for the coolant by means of a vibration isolator indirectly through its enclosure, while at least one non-return valve of the gas medium is connected by its outlet to the enclosure by two nozzles, which connected to each other with a vibration isolator.

In the presence of air and combustible gas check valves, a variant is possible in which at least one air check valve is connected to the coolant chamber by means of a vibration isolator indirectly through the enclosure of at least one combustible gas check valve, and at least one air check valve connected by its outlet to the enclosure of the at least one flammable gas check valve with two nozzles that are connected to each other by means of a vibration isolator

Another option is also possible in which at least one air check valve is connected to the coolant chamber by means of a vibration isolator indirectly through the fencing chamber of the air check valve and through the fencing chamber of the check valve of combustible gas, the air check valve being connected to its inlet with the fencing chamber of the non-return air valve with two nozzles that are connected to each other by means of a vibration isolator. Another option is possible in which at least one air check valve is connected to the coolant chamber using a vibration isolator indirectly through the air check valve enclosure and through the combustible gas check valve enclosure, wherein the air check valve is connected by its inlet to the check chamber an air valve that is connected to the fencing chamber of the check valve of the combustible gas with two nozzles that are connected to each other using a vibration isolator.

It is also possible that at least one air check valve is connected to the coolant chamber through the first vibration isolator indirectly through the combustion chamber, wherein at least one air check valve is connected directly or through the enclosure of the combustible gas check valve to the combustion chamber, which is connected to the camera for the coolant using the first vibration isolator.

Another option is possible in which at least one air check valve is additionally connected to the coolant chamber by means of at least one second vibration isolator indirectly through at least one resonance tube, wherein the end of the at least one resonance tube is connected to the coolant chamber using at least one corresponding second vibration isolator.

The vibration isolator may take various forms. Advantageously, the vibration isolator is a cylindrical element with at least one corrugation or a cylindrical element of elastic material. To enhance the effect of reducing the level of vibration in the device, shock absorbers can be used. At least one shock absorber, rigidly connected to the corresponding non-return valve, can be installed in the gas stream at the inlet and / or outlet of at least one check valve of the gas medium.

In one embodiment, the at least one shock absorber is an acoustic lowpass filter having a cutoff frequency higher than the burning pulsation frequency of the pulsating burning device.

In this case, the acoustic low-pass filter is a chamber with an entrance in the form of an opening or a gap and with an exit in the form of an opening, or a gap, or a pipe.

In another embodiment, at least one shock absorber is a portion of the channel of the gaseous medium in the form of a curved pipe forming a rotation of the channel.

In yet another embodiment, the at least one shock absorber is a perforated sheet, or a metal metal sheet, or a solid sheet that is installed with a gap relative to the walls of the channel.

An embodiment is possible in which the acoustic low-pass filter includes a perforated sheet placed in the chamber, or a metal lock sheet, or a continuous sheet mounted with a gap relative to the channel walls.

It is advisable to place sound-absorbing material on the walls of at least one shock absorber.

It is possible to implement a device in which at least one check valve of the gas medium is rigidly connected to the shock absorber is fixed in the required position in space using elastic elements.

Preferably, the membranes of at least one mechanical gas valve are spring-loaded in the closing direction.

An embodiment of the device is also possible in which at least one non-return valve of the gaseous medium is in communication with the combustion chamber by means of a pipe, and between the pipe and the vibration isolator there are coaxial pipes connected to each other to form a labyrinth with an inlet made in the pipe.

The actual problem of pulsating combustion devices is significant vibration and noise during operation. The silencers used in the flue gas exhaust and air supply channels, as well as the vibration isolation of the pulsating combustion device from the installation site and from the hydraulic system, give a low result. At the same time, despite the silencers and vibration isolators used, there remains a high level of noise created by a significant level of vibration of the structural elements of the pulsating combustion device.

Specialists in the field of pulsating combustion, it is obvious that the main source of vibration and acoustic noise in pulsed combustion installations is a combustion chamber, in which, as is commonly believed, according to the description of patent US 4919085, explosive combustion occurs.

As a result of the studies, it was found that during the operation of pulsed combustion devices by the combustion chamber, minor vibrations are created many times lower than the allowed level and, accordingly, created by these By vibration, acoustic noise is also well below the permitted level. In pulsating combustion devices, the only source of significant vibrations and the acoustic noise generated by these vibrations are gas check valves.

During the operation of pulsating combustion devices by non-return valves of gas media, a steep front of change in the velocity and pressure of the gas stream is formed, which in its properties resembles a shock wave. Further, the term "shock wave" is used for this phenomenon. The shock wave is a source of vibration and high intensity noise. Thus, during the operation of the pulsating combustion device, additional vibration and high-intensity noise from the shock wave are created.

In pulsed combustion devices, a shock wave is generated by check valves. The shock wave has the greatest effect on the walls of the check valve in which it forms. This effect is similar to shock with a solid object and creates high-intensity vibrations of the valve walls.

Pulsed combustion devices may use aerodynamic check valves and mechanical check valves. The formation of a shock wave in a dynamic non-return valve occurs during the reverse flow of flue gases during braking and collision of oncoming gas flows, which are amplified by the fact that the speed of the rear particles is greater than the speed of the front particles, while the steepness of the change in the flow velocity increases, which creates a shock wave.

The formation of a shock wave in a mechanical check valve is similar in nature to the formation of a shock wave in a dynamic check valve. Shock wave in mechanical a non-return valve is created during instantaneous braking of the reverse gas flow.

It is known in various technical fields that check valves can generate vibrations and acoustic noise. These vibrations are created when the locking movable element of the check valve strikes the stationary body of the check valve, and vibration and noise are created.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the movable element of the valve is capable of creating vibrations from the impact of the movable element on the fixed body of the check valve. However, in pulsed combustion devices, vibrations are generated by a sudden change in gas flow rate.

For specialists in pulsating combustion devices, the only obvious source of vibration and acoustic noise is explosive combustion in a combustion chamber.

According to the present invention, the reduction of vibration and acoustic noise generated by these vibrations is achieved by installing a vibration isolator between the check valve of the gas medium and the coolant chamber. Such a solution to the application and installation location of the vibration isolator is not obvious to specialists in pulsating combustion, since the effects of changes in the velocity of gas flows in the gas check valve are not considered, and only explosive combustion in the combustion chamber is considered the obvious source of vibration

The shock wave is generated by a check valve. On the example of a mechanical check valve of a gaseous medium, a shock wave is generated as follows. When closing the mechanical check valve, the membranes are moved from the position open state of the valve to the closed position of the valve by the reverse gas flow. When the membranes reach the closed position of the valve, the gas flow quickly, almost instantly stops, which creates a shock wave in

5 gas, similar to the formation of water hammer when closing the check valve. In this case, a pressure increase jump occurs on one side of the non-return mechanical valve, and a pressure decrease jump occurs on the other side of the valve. The valve experiences a similar impact with a solid object, ^{0 the} valve walls vibrate at their own resonant frequencies. In a gas environment, a shock wave propagates to both sides of the check valve, which is a source of vibration and high intensity noise. The shock wave has great energy, lasts a short time and has a short front. At each working period of 5 pulsations of the gas flow, a shock wave is formed. The formation time of a shock wave and its transients is many times shorter than the working period of gas flow pulsations. Therefore, each individual shock wave behaves as a single impact.

List of drawings

0 in FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a mechanical gas check valve.

In FIG. 2 - graphs of fluctuations in gas flow and pressure as it passes through the check valve.

In FIG. 3 - a pulsed combustion device with vibration isolation of air and combustible gas check valves, an embodiment with a vibration isolator between each of the check valves and the combustion chamber. In FIG. 4 - a device of pulsating combustion with vibration isolation of the check valve of the combustible mixture, an option with direct connection of the check valve and the chamber with the coolant through the reference vibration isolator.

In FIG. 5 - a pulsed combustion device with two check valves of the combustible mixture with vibration isolation of each check valve of the combustible mixture. Option to place a vibration isolator between the check valve and the enclosure.

In FIG. 6 - a pulsed combustion device with vibration isolation of four air check valves and four combustible gas check valves.

In FIG. 7 is a section along AA in FIG. 6 when placing four flammable gas check valves in one enclosure.

In FIG. 8 is a section along AA in FIG. 6 when placing four flammable gas check valves in different enclosure chambers.

In FIG. 9 is a section along BB in FIG. 6 when placing four air check valves in one enclosure.

In FIG. 10 is a section along BB in FIG. 6 when placing four air check valves in different fencing chambers.

In FIG. 11 is the same as in FIG. 6, with one air check valve and one combustible gas check valve.

In FIG. 12 is a pulsating combustion device with vibration isolation of air and combustible gas check valves, an option for placing a vibration isolator between the air check valve inlet and the air check valve enclosure.

In FIG. 13 - pulsating combustion device with vibration isolation of air and combustible gas check valves, option c placement of a vibration isolator between the fencing chambers of the non-return air valve and the non-return valve of the combustible mixture.

In FIG. 14 - a pulsed combustion device with vibration isolation of an aerodynamic air check valve, an option for placing one vibration isolator between the combustion chamber and the coolant chamber and another vibration isolator between the resonant tube and the coolant chamber.

In FIG. 15 is a pulsating combustion device with vibration isolation of air and combustible gas check valves, an option with sequentially placing two vibration isolators between the air check valve and the air valve guard chamber and between the air valve guard chamber and the combustible gas check valve guard.

In FIG. 16 - a pulsed combustion device with vibration isolation of air and combustible gas check valves, an option with a labyrinth between the vibration isolator and the air supply pipe to the combustion chamber.

In FIG. 17 - vibration isolator made in the form of a cylindrical element with corrugations.

In FIG. 18 - vibration isolator made in the form of a flat annular membrane.

In FIG. 19 - vibration isolator made in the form of a cylindrical element of elastic material.

In FIG. 20 - check valve of the gaseous medium with preloading of the membranes by springs.

In FIG. 21 - installation of pulsating combustion with non-return valves connected to shock absorbers of various designs. In FIG. 22 is a graph of the dependences of the differential pressure across the resistance and active resistance for the laminar flow (left) and turbulent flow (right) depending on the gas flow rate.

Preferred Embodiments

The occurrence of a shock wave in the check valves of gaseous media is the same and will be described further on the example of the mechanical check valve of the gaseous medium shown in FIG. 1. The mechanical non-return valve includes a plate 1 with passage openings 2, limiters 3 of the stroke and membranes 4.

When the gas medium moves in the forward direction 5, the membranes 4 are pressed against the stoppers 3 and the passage openings 2 of the plate 1 are open. When the pressure drop across the check valve changes, the gas medium moves in the opposite direction 6, the membranes 4 move from the restrictors 3 to the plate 1 with the reverse gas medium flow and close the passage openings 2 in the plate 1.

At the moment membranes 4 reach plate 1 and overlap the through-holes 2 in plate 1, the gas flow stops quickly and almost instantly, which creates a shock wave. In this case, a pressure increase jump occurs on one side of the plate 1, and a pressure decrease jump occurs on the other side of the plate 1. Plate 1 experiences an impact similar to a blow by a solid object, and a shock wave propagates in a gaseous medium, which creates high-intensity noise.

In FIG. 2 shows the time variation of pressure and flow rate in a non-return valve in a pulsating combustion device. Line 7 shows the gas flow in the forward direction, line 8 shows the gas flow in the reverse direction, line 9 shows the jump the speed when the valve is closed, line 10 shows the pressure on the check valve on the side of the gas supply, line 11 shows the pressure jump creating a shock wave on the side of the gas supply, line 12 shows the pressure at the outlet of the check valve, line 13 shows the pressure jump creating the shock wave on check valve outlet.

In pulsed combustion devices, the shock wave has the greatest effect on the check valve plate 1, similar to an impact with a solid object. Since the plate 1 has its own resonant frequency, the plate 1 begins to vibrate at this natural frequency. When the shock wave of the next beat acts on the check valve plate 1, the plate 1 still continues to vibrate from the action of the previous shock wave, so the next shock wave increases the amplitude of the plate 1. The amplitude of the plate 1 oscillates until the energy added by the shock waves is equalized with energy losses of oscillations of the plate 1 during the time between the effects of the shock wave. The energy loss of the oscillations of the plate 1 occurs due to plastic deformation of the plate 1, the transfer of energy to the acoustic vibrations of the gas surrounding the valve, and the transmission of vibrations to all elements of the pulsating combustion device. Typically, the valve plate 1 is made of an elastic material, so losses due to plastic deformation are small, and almost all the energy of the shock wave on the valve plate 1 is converted into acoustic noise and vibration.

The vibrations of the check valve of the gas medium are of high intensity and, propagating throughout the pulsating combustion device, create a high level of acoustic noise and vibration in the place of installation of the pulsating combustion device and in the connected systems of the coolant, air and combustible gas and flue gas. The use of fencing and vibration isolation of gas valve check valves can significantly reduce the acoustic noise and vibration generated by pulsating combustion devices. With vibration isolation of check valves from all parts of the pulsating combustion device, the maximum result is achieved. In some cases, it is enough to vibration isolate the check valves of gaseous media from the vessel for the coolant, since it has a large radiation area, many attached parts and direct contact with the coolant.

Pulsed combustion devices can have various implementations, differing in the way the combustible mixture is formed, the types of check valves used.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the vibration isolation of the check valves of combustible gas and air from the coolant chamber by means of a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber 14 is placed in the chamber 15 with the liquid coolant 16, the air check valve 17 is placed in the enclosing chamber 18 and connected to the combustion chamber 14 by means of nozzles 20 and 21 connected by means of a vibration isolator 19, and the check valve of the combustible gas 22 is placed in the enclosing chamber 23 and is connected to the combustion chamber 14 by means of nozzles 25 and 26 connected by means of a vibration isolator 24. The vibration isolators 19 and 24 are not a support connection in the form of corrugated cylinders.

In FIG. 4, the combustion chamber 27 and the resonance tubes 28 are placed in the chamber 29 with the gaseous coolant 30. The check valve 31 of the combustible mixture is placed in the enclosure 32 and connected with the camera 29 directly using a vibration isolator 34, which is a support connection made in the form of a support made of an elastic material, preferably porous rubber. The combustible mixture is formed in the enclosure 32 from the air entering through the pipe 35 and the combustible gas entering through the pipe 35. Into the combustion chamber 27, the combustible mixture enters through the flame arrester 36. The screen 37 protects the vibration isolator 33 from the high temperature of the reverse flow of gas from the chamber 27 combustion. The fan 38 provides a flow of coolant.

In FIG. 5, the combustion chamber 14 is placed in the chamber 15 with the liquid coolant 16, the check valves 39 of the combustible mixture are connected by means of nozzles 40, and the vibration isolators 41 with the pipe 42 connected to the enclosure 43, which is rigidly connected to the chamber 15. The check valves may 39 one to 4. The combustible mixture is formed in the chamber 43 from the air entering through the pipe 44 and the combustible gas entering through the pipe 45. In the combustion chamber 14, the combustible mixture enters through the flame arrester 47.

For one gaseous medium several check valves can be installed in parallel, as shown in FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, the combustion chamber 14 is placed in the chamber 15 with the liquid coolant 16, the combustible gas enters through the pipe 48 into the fencing chamber 49 of the check valves 50 of the combustible gas, through the check valves 50 the combustible gas enters the annular chamber 51, from which it enters the chamber through the annular gap 52 14 combustion. The non-return valves 50 are connected to the annular chamber 51 by means of nozzles 53 and 54 connected by means of vibration isolators 55. Air enters through the pipe 56 into the chamber

57 guards of check valves 58 air through check valves

58 air enters the combustion chamber 14 through an alternating pipe 59 cross-section passing inside the chamber 49 of the enclosure of the check valves 50. The check valves 58 are connected to the pipe 59 by means of nozzles 60 and vibration isolators 61. The combustion chamber 14 is rigidly connected to the chamber 15 for the coolant 16.

Parallel mounted check valves of the same gaseous medium can be placed in one enclosure or each check valve can be placed in a separate enclosure. In FIG. 7 is a view AA for FIG. 6 for check valves 50 placed in one enclosure 49. In FIG. 8 is a view AA for FIG. 6 for check valves 50, each placed in its enclosure 49. In FIG. 9 is a view BB for FIG. 6 for check valves 58 placed in one enclosure 57 of the guard. In FIG. 10 is a view BB for FIG. 6 for check valves 58, each placed in its enclosure 57.

In FIG. 11, the combustion chamber 14 is placed in the chamber 15 with the liquid coolant 16. Combustible gas enters the chamber 63 of the check valve 64 of the combustible gas through a pipe 62, through the check valve 64 the combustible gas enters the annular chamber 65, from which it enters the chamber through the annular gap 66 14 combustion. The non-return valve 64 is connected to the annular chamber 65 by means of nozzles 67 and 68 connected by means of a vibration isolator 69. Air enters through the pipe 70 into the enclosure 71 of the air return valve 72 barrier, through the valve 72, air enters the outlet of the chamber 71 and then through the pipe 73 to the chamber 14 combustion. The output of the air check valve 72 is connected to the output of the enclosure chamber 71 by means of nozzles 74 and 75 connected by means of a vibration isolator 76, the enclosure chamber 71 is rigidly connected to the check chamber enclosure 63 combustible gas, the enclosure 63 is rigidly connected to the chamber 15 for the coolant 16.

In FIG. 12, the combustion chamber 14 is placed in the chamber 15 with the liquid coolant 16. Combustible gas enters through the pipe 77 into the enclosure 78 of the check valve 79 of the combustible gas, through the check valve 79 the combustible gas enters the annular chamber 80, from which it enters the chamber through the annular gap 81 14 combustion. The non-return valve 79 is connected to the annular chamber 80 by means of nozzles 82 and 83 connected by means of a vibration isolator 84. Air from the pressure stabilization chamber 85 through the non-return valve 86 enters the enclosure 87, then through the pipe 88 enters the combustion chamber 14. The inlet of the air non-return valve 85 is connected to the inlet of the enclosure 86 by means of nozzles 87 and 88 connected by a vibration isolator 89, the enclosure 86 is rigidly connected to the enclosure 78 of the combustible gas check valve 79, the enclosure 78 is rigidly connected to the coolant chamber 15.

In FIG. 13, the combustion chamber 14 is placed in the chamber 15 with the liquid coolant 16. Combustible gas enters through the pipe 90 into the enclosure 91 of the barrier of the non-return valve 92 of the combustible gas, through the non-return valve 92, the combustible gas enters the annular chamber 93, from which through the annular gap 94 enters the chamber 14 combustion. The non-return valve 92 is connected to the annular chamber 93 by means of nozzles 95 and 96 connected by means of a vibration isolator 97. Air from the pressure stabilization chamber 98 through the non-return valve 99 enters the enclosure 100, then through the pipe 101 enters the combustion chamber 14. The inlet of the air non-return valve 99 is connected to the inlet of the fencing chamber 100 by means of a pipe 102, the fencing chamber 100 is connected to the fencing chamber 91 of the combustible gas check valve 92 by means of nozzles 103 and 104 connected by means of a vibration isolator 105, the fencing chamber 91 is rigidly connected to the chamber 15 for the coolant 16.

In addition to mechanical gas check valves, aerodynamic gas check valves can be used. In FIG. 14, the combustion chamber 14 and the resonance tube 106 are placed in the chamber 15 with the liquid coolant 16. Combustible gas flows through the pipe 107 into the enclosure 108 of the barrier of the combustible gas check valve 109, through the check valve 109, the combustible gas enters the annular chamber 110, from which through the annular gap 111 enters the camera

14 combustion. The non-return valve 108 is connected to the annular chamber 109 by means of a pipe 112. Air enters through the pipe 113 into the enclosure 114 of the aerodynamic air check valve 115, through the check valve 115 the air enters the combustion chamber 14. The output of the aerodynamic air check valve 115 is rigidly connected to the combustion chamber 14, the fencing chamber 114 is rigidly connected to the coolant chamber 15. The combustion chamber 14 is connected to the coolant chamber 15 by means of a vibration isolator 116, connecting in this case a common end wall of the combustion chamber 14 and chamber 15 with a liquid coolant with a side wall of the specified chamber 15. The output of the resonant tube 106 is connected to the camera

15 with a coolant 16 by means of a pipe 117 and a vibration isolator 118 connecting the resonant pipe 106 to the pipe 117. The reverse gas flows of the aerodynamic valve are discharged through the pipe 119.

In FIG. 15 shows the use of two sequentially installed vibration isolators in connection with an air check valve with a coolant chamber. The combustion chamber 14 is placed in the chamber 15 with a liquid coolant 16. Combustible gas enters through a pipe 120 in fencing chamber 121 of the check valve 122 for combustible gas, through the check valve 122 combustible gas enters the annular chamber 123, from which through the annular gap 124 enters the combustion chamber 14. The non-return valve 122 is connected to the annular chamber 123 by means of nozzles 125 and 126 and a vibration isolator 127. Air from the pressure stabilization chamber 128 through the non-return valve 129 enters the enclosure 130, then through the pipe 131 enters the combustion chamber 14. The inlet of the air check valve 129 is connected to the inlet of the enclosure 130 via nozzles 132 and 133 connected by means of a vibration isolator 134, the enclosure 130 is connected to the enclosure chamber 121 of the barrier of the combustible gas check valve 122 through nozzles 135 and 136 connected by means of the vibroinsulator 137, the enclosure 121 is rigidly connected to the camera 15 for the coolant 16.

Vibration isolators are required for tightness, strength, and heat resistance. To increase the heat resistance of the vibration isolator and to protect it from the reverse flow of hot flue gases, the vibration isolator is protected with a labyrinth. The labyrinth consists of several concentric cylindrical screens located with gaps and forming a long and narrow channel for the gaseous medium between the vibration isolator and the main working stream of the gaseous medium. In FIG. 16, an air check valve 138 is connected to the enclosure 139 by means of nozzles 140 and 141 connected by means of a vibration isolator 142. Between the vibration isolator 142 and the air supply pipe 146 there is a labyrinth formed by coaxial nozzles 143, 144 and 145, which protect the vibration isolator 142 from flow hot gases in the pipe 146. In FIG. 17 vibration isolator 147 is made in the form of a cylindrical corrugated element - a bellows of any material that meets the above requirements. The vibration isolator 147 is attached to the pipe 148 of the non-return valve 149 with a clamp 150 and the pipe 151 of the chamber 152 of the fence 153. The vibration isolator can be made in the form of a cylindrical element with one transverse corrugation, as shown in FIG. 3-16.

In FIG. 18, the vibration isolator 154 is made in the form of a flat annular membrane of any material that meets the above requirements. The vibration isolator 154 is attached to the check valve 155 with an annular washer 156 and the enclosure 157 with an annular washer 158. The vibration isolator can also be made in the form of an annular membrane with one or more annular corrugations, as shown in FIG. 14.

In FIG. 19, the vibration isolator 159 is made in the form of a cylindrical element made of an elastic material that provides the required tightness, strength, and heat resistance. The vibration isolator 159 is attached to the pipe 160 of the check valve 161 with a clamp 162 and the pipe 163 of the chamber 164 of the fence clamp 165.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vibration isolator is made in the form of a cylindrical corrugated element - a rubber bellows with a wall thickness of 2 mm to 5 mm.

In pulsed combustion devices, a shock wave occurs on all non-return mechanical valves of gaseous media. The intensity of the shock wave depends on the flow characteristics of the check valves. To reduce the intensity of the generated shock of the gas stream, if possible, changes are made to the design of the assembly that generates the shock in the gas medium. For example, the impact intensity will decrease if the membranes of the mechanical check valve of the gaseous media are spring-loaded in the closing direction, which will lead to a decrease in the rate of return flow at the moment the check valve closes. In FIG. 20 shows the design of the check valve, where the springs 169 are pressed against the plate 166 with passage holes 167 of the membrane 168, which are located in the travel stops of the membranes 170.

The acoustic noise created by the working pulsations of the gas flow, the shock wave and the vibrations of the walls of the check valve of the gas medium are repeatedly reflected in a closed volume from the inner surface of the walls of the enclosing chamber, as a result of which the noise gives up almost all the energy to the vibrations of the walls of the enclosing chamber. These vibrations propagate in the form of vibrations and acoustic noise on the outer surface of the walls of the enclosing chamber. To effectively suppress reverberation, you can apply a coating of sound-absorbing materials to the internal surfaces of the walls of the enclosing chamber. In FIG. 21 of the wall 171 of the chamber 172 fencing check valve 173 air covered with sound-absorbing material 174.

The use of rigid structures of cavities and channels allows to reduce the noise level that is created by the impact of a shock wave on the walls of cavities and channels. For example, cylindrical and spherical walls, when exposed to a shock wave, create less noise than flat walls of the same

THICKNESS. To reduce the effect of the shock wave according to the present invention, acoustic low-pass filters can be used. The properties of acoustic low-pass filters are similar to the properties of low-pass filters in electrical engineering, which are known and studied.

An acoustic low-pass filter has a frequency-dependent effect on gas flow fluctuations. The acoustic low pass filter has a cutoff frequency. The filter does not affect vibrations with a frequency below the cutoff frequency and reduces the amplitude of the gas flow fluctuations with frequencies above the cutoff frequency. The cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is:

1 _

/ o about

2 jtRC (1)

Where

- cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter, G C,

^R is the active resistance of the output of the low-pass filter chamber,

,

C is the acoustic capacity of the low-pass filter chamber, m ³ / Pa

The acoustic capacity of the camera is equal to:

where ^ is the acoustic capacity, m ³ / Pa,

g is the adiabatic coefficient,

^P ° is the average pressure in the chamber, ^Pa ,

v - chamber volume, m ³

Active resistance is equal to: AR

R

q (3)

where R is the active resistance, ^{Pa sec 1 m?>} ,

R is the pressure drop across the resistance, ^Pa ,

q is the gas flow rate, ^{L 3 1 sec} .

The pressure drop across the resistance during laminar flow is equal to:

where R is the pressure drop across the resistance, ^Pa ,

c is the dimensionless coefficient of the shape of the resistance (for the hole 0.5),

P is the gas density, kg / m,

q - gas flow rate, ^{1 sec} .

^And - the cross-sectional area of the resistance, m ² .

The pressure drop across the resistance during turbulent flow is equal to:

2

AR _

XP

2 A (5)

where R is the pressure drop across the resistance, ^Pa ,

% - dimensionless shape resistance coefficient (for aperture 0.5),

P - gas density, ^kg ! ^m3

q - gas flow rate, ^ ^{1 sec} .

l

^A - cross-sectional area of resistance, ²

m

Resistance in laminar flow early:

where R is the active resistance, Pa - sec / m ³ _?

X is the dimensionless shape coefficient of resistance (for the hole 0.5),

P is the density of the gas,

2

AND . resistance cross-sectional area, ^m

Turbulent flow resistance early:

where R is the active resistance, ^Pa · ^{sec 1 m3} ,

X is the dimensionless shape coefficient of resistance (for the hole 0.5),

P is the gas density, ^kg / m,

And - the cross-sectional area of the resistance, ^m

In FIG. 22 shows the pressure drop across the resistance and active resistance for the laminar flow in zone 175 and the turbulent flow in zone 176, depending on the gas flow rate.

To reduce the effect of the shock wave, shock absorbers can be installed in series at the inlet and outlet of the mechanical check valve of the gas medium. In FIG. 21 shock absorbers are presented in the form of acoustic low-pass filters 177, 178 and 179, which are small chambers having non-coaxial inputs and outputs and connected by holes and / or slots, and acoustic low-pass filters 180, which are small chambers, and connected short pipes. In this case, acoustic low-pass filters are selected with a cutoff frequency higher than the frequency of the pulsations of the combustion of the pulsating combustion device. In addition, shock absorbers can be in the form of metal 181, or a bent pipe 182 with the rotation of the channel, continuous 183 or perforated 184, 185, 186 screens installed in the path of propagation of the shock wave. The continuous screen 183 is installed with a gap relative to the walls of the channel. Shock wave absorbers can mate with a check valve using a vibration isolator 187.

The walls of shock wave absorbers and the walls of the enclosure of the check valve of the gas medium can partially reflect the shock wave and partially convert the energy of the shock wave into vibration, for example, if these walls are made of metal. Also, these walls can partially reflect the shock wave and partially absorb with conversion to heat, for example, if these walls are made of concrete. If these walls are made of metal and coated with sound-absorbing material or flocked, then these walls partially reflect the shock wave, partially transform the shock wave into vibration, and partially absorb the shock wave.

When a shock wave acts on the walls of shock wave absorbers, the shock wave partially reflects and partially transfers energy to the wall, which leads to vibrations of the walls of shock wave absorbers at natural resonant frequencies. Periodically, the following impacts of the shock wave swing the amplitude of the oscillation walls of the shock absorber walls to large values. Therefore, the walls of the non-return valve and the walls of shock absorbers installed on the non-return valve vibrate with large amplitudes and large accelerations. To prevent the propagation of these vibrations, according to the present invention, the air check valve 173 with shock absorbers installed on it is connected to the chamber 188 for the coolant 189 s the use of a vibration isolator 190, and a combustible gas check valve 191 placed in the enclosure 192 is connected to the coolant chamber 188 18 using a vibration isolator 193. With a high vibration isolation coefficient, the design of the check valve 173 with installed shock absorbers may require additional measures to fix it in the required position space, for example, installation of additional elastic elements 194 and 195, connecting the body of the check valve 173 with the walls of the enclosure 171 (Fig. 21).

Claims

Claim

1. A pulsating combustion device comprising a coolant chamber, a combustion chamber located in the coolant chamber and at least one resonant pipe connected to it, an air and combustible gas supply system connected to the combustion chamber, including at least one gas medium check valve and at least one enclosure of the at least one non-return valve of the gaseous medium, characterized in that the at least one non-return valve of the gas medium is connected directly or indirectly to the coolant chamber by means of a vibration isolator.

2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the chamber for the coolant is a vessel for a liquid coolant.

3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the chamber for the coolant is a chamber for a gaseous coolant.

4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains at least one check valve of the gas medium, which is a check valve of the combustible mixture, and at least one enclosure of the specified check valve.

5. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains at least two non-return valves of the gas medium, at least one of which is an air non-return valve, and at least one of which is a combustible gas non-return valve, and at least two fencing chambers, respectively, of an air check valve and a combustible gas check valve.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one non-return valve of the gas medium is a mechanical non-return valve.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one check valve of the gas medium is a dynamic check valve.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one check valve of the gaseous medium is connected directly to the chamber for the coolant by means of a vibration isolator, while the wall of at least one check valve of the gaseous medium from the outlet side is connected by means of a vibration isolator to the wall of the chamber for coolant adjacent to the inlet pipe of the combustion chamber.

9. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one check valve of the gaseous medium is connected to the chamber for the coolant by means of a vibration isolator indirectly through the combustion chamber, while at least one check valve of the gaseous medium is connected by its outlet to the combustion chamber by two nozzles that are connected to each other by means of a vibration isolator.

10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one check valve of the gaseous medium is connected to the chamber for the coolant by means of a vibration isolator indirectly through its enclosure, while at least one check valve of the gaseous medium is connected by its outlet to the enclosure two nozzles that are connected to each other by means of a vibration isolator.

11. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that at least one air check valve is connected to the coolant chamber by means of a vibration isolator indirectly through the enclosure through at least one combustible gas check valve, at least one air check valve is connected with its exit to the enclosure of the at least one flammable gas check valve by two nozzles that are connected to each other by means of a vibration isolator

12. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that at least one air check valve is connected to the coolant chamber by means of a vibration isolator indirectly through the fencing chamber of the check valve of air and connected to each other through the fencing chamber of the check valve of combustible gas, the air valve is connected at its entrance to the fencing chamber of the non-return air valve with two nozzles that are connected to each other by means of a vibration isolator.

13. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that at least one air check valve is connected to the coolant chamber by means of a vibration isolator indirectly through the enclosure of the check valve of the air valve and through the enclosure of the check valve of the combustible gas, the air check valve being connected by the entrance to the fencing chamber of the non-return air valve, which is connected to the fencing chamber of the check valve of combustible gas by two nozzles that are connected to each other by means of a vibration isolator.

14. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one air check valve is connected to the coolant chamber with the help of the first vibration isolator indirectly through the chamber combustion, while at least one air check valve is connected directly or through the enclosure of the check valve of the combustible gas to the combustion chamber, which is connected to the coolant chamber by means of a first vibration isolator.

15. The device according to p. 14, characterized in that at least one air check valve is additionally connected to the coolant chamber by means of at least one second vibration isolator indirectly through at least one resonant pipe, the end of at least one resonant the pipe is connected to the coolant chamber by means of at least one corresponding second vibration absorber.

16. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration isolator is a cylindrical element with at least one transverse corrugation.

17. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration isolator is a cylindrical element of elastic material.

18. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration isolator is an annular membrane flat or with one or more annular corrugations.

19. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one shock wave damper is mounted rigidly connected to the corresponding non-return valve in the gas stream at the inlet and / or outlet of the at least one non-return valve of the gas medium.

20. The device according to p. 19, characterized in that at least one shock absorber is an acoustic a low-pass filter having a cutoff frequency higher than the pulse ripple frequency of the pulsating combustion device.

21. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that the acoustic low-pass filter is a camera with an entrance in the form of an opening or a slot and with an exit in the form of an opening, or a gap, or a pipe.

22. The device according to p. 19, characterized in that at least one shock absorber is a section of the channel of the gas medium in the form of a curved pipe forming a rotation of the channel.

23. The device according to p. 19, characterized in that at least one shock absorber of the shock wave is a perforated sheet, or a metal sheet, or a solid sheet installed with a gap relative to the walls of the channel.

24. The device according to p. 21, characterized in that the acoustic low-pass filter includes a perforated sheet or a metal metal sheet or a continuous sheet placed in the chamber with a gap relative to the channel walls.

25. The device according to p. 19, characterized in that on the walls of at least one shock absorber shock absorbing material is placed.

26. The device according to p. 18, characterized in that at least one non-return valve of the gaseous medium with a shock absorber rigidly connected to it is fixed in the required position in space using elastic elements.

27. The device according to p. 6, characterized in that the membranes of at least one mechanical check valve of the gaseous medium are spring-loaded in the closing direction.

28. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 9-13, characterized in that at least one non-return valve of the gaseous medium is in communication with the combustion chamber by means of a pipe, and between the pipe and the vibration isolator there are coaxial pipes connected to each other to form a labyrinth with an inlet made in the specified pipe.