WO2020111941A1

WO2020111941A1 - A system and method for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse

Info

Publication number: WO2020111941A1
Application number: PCT/NL2019/050787
Authority: WO
Inventors: Menke STEENBERGEN
Original assignee: Ipos Technology B.V.
Priority date: 2018-11-29
Filing date: 2019-11-27
Publication date: 2020-06-04
Also published as: NL2022094B1

Abstract

A system and method for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse. A rein tension device is provided including at least one tension sensor, the at least one tension sensor being positionable between a bit and at least one rein of a bridle for measuring rein tension data indicative for a tension in said rein. A processing unit is provided configured to process the rein tension data obtained during one or more strides of the horse in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data.

Description

Title: A system and method for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method and system for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse. The invention further relates to a computer program product.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

Mechanical devices such as bridles are commonly used for conveying instructions of a handler or horse rider to a horse. By means of the bridle, a horse rider can easily communicate with the horse so as to control the speed and direction of movement of the horse.

A bridle includes a bit which typically comprises a mouthpiece suspended within the oral cavity of the horse in an area where the teeth are absent from the upper and lower jaws. The mouthpiece can be attached to reins on each end. Tension applied to the reins can create pressures on the oral tissues underlying the mouthpiece via the bit. The horse can be trained to perform specific behaviors to bit pressure.

Lameness is a medical condition affecting horses. Horses with front and or hind leg lameness can show a head nod, which can be described as the horse s head moving upward during the weight bearing phase of the lame leg and downward during the weight bearing phase of the sound front leg. Typically, lameness evaluation in horses is performed by subjective visual evaluation, for example by a veterinarian or an equine practitioner looking at how a horse’s head or pelvis moves during trot. This is common practice in horsemanship or veterinary medicine. However, lameness of mild severity can be difficult to observe, resulting in poor agreement for subjective evaluation even between experts.

Different types of motion analysis systems for lameness evaluation are known. For example, high-speed video cameras may be used.

Alternatively, one or more Inertial Measurement Units (IMU’s) consisting of accelerometers can be attached to a plurality of body parts, such as torso, legs, head and/or pelvic, in order to collect body motion data. Typically one or more gyroscopes are additionally employed in combination with one or more accelerometers, GPS, etc., increasing the complexity of the system.

The existing systems and methods can be cumbersome and difficult to implement in the field. There is a need for a system and method which is less complex, intrusive and/or expensive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide for a method and a system that obviates at least one of the above mentioned drawbacks.

Additionally or alternatively, it is an object of the invention to provide an objective measurement technique for the evaluation and/or detection of an injury, a disorder and/or lameness in a horse.

Additionally or alternatively, it is an object of the invention to improve the ability to objectively quantify or evaluate horse lameness from data obtained during a gait of the horse.

Additionally or alternatively, it is an object of the invention to facilitate veterinary diagnostics of horse injuries or other health issues, improving equine welfare.

Thereto, the invention provides for a system for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse, the system including: a rein tension device including at least one tension sensor, the at least one tension sensor being positionable between a bit and at least one rein of a bridle for measuring rein tension data indicative for a tension in said rein; and a processing unit configured to process the rein tension data obtained during one or more strides of the horse in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder, wherein the abnormal pattern is identified based on a change in rein tension data in successive peaks. Advantageously, rein tension is used for detection and/or monitoring of injuries/disorders. The at least one tension sensor can provide a measurement of the dynamic rein tension. In resulting rein tension profiles, a series of peaks or spikes varying in magnitude and frequency with the gait of the horse can be obtained. The peaks in rein tension are mainly the result of cyclic nodding motions of the head of the horse, which are restricted by the holding action of the horse rider transmitted via the reins. Horses may lean more into one rein for instance as a result of lameness or another type of medical condition. For instance, a horse being lame in one front leg (cf. forelimb) may often lean on the opposite rein when moving in a straight line. Such sources of inequahties in rein tension can be evaluated earlier and more accurate using the system according to the invention. In this way, further overloading of the compensating leg or limb can be prevented. Also health recovery of the horse can be hastened. A recovering horse may be monitored for evaluating whether the rein tension is becoming more equal in the two reins in time.

The measured rein tension data can be used for analyzing at least the magnitude of the peaks in rein tension and correlate specific patterns (i.e. pattern in changes in rein tension time data) with a type of injury and/or disorder of the horse. One or more rein tension profiles may be obtained from the rein tension data. The system provides an accurate evaluation, which would be difficult to anticipate based on visual inspection of the way the horse is moving, especially by non-veterinarians. Visual inspection does not provide a way to accurately assess rein tension. After the evaluation, the horse may be given treatment such that it can become more balanced in its movement and rein tension. Furthermore, the system can be used for monitoring changes over time in response to therapeutic and or veterinary interventions and/or training.

The measurement of rein tension can be important for the well being of the horse, as excess tension can lead to bruising of the soft tissue or the development of bone spurs on the underlying bone. Bridles with one or more rein tension sensors can be used for monitoring the rein tension.

Additionally an injury or disorder can be evaluated by employing pattern recognition to the collected rein tension data.

The rein tension sensor may include a force transducer arranged for measuring a force between the rein and the bit of the bridle. The rein tension sensor can be detachable arranged between the transducer and the rein. Alternatively or additionally, the rein tension sensor can be integrated within the rein, the bit and/or bit ring, The rein tension sensor can be sufficiently compact such as to avoid interference with normal movements or functions of the reins.

Tensile force data or pull force data applied to the reins of the horse (cf. measured rein tension over a period of time) may be used for identifying an injury causing pain or discomfort for the horse. A pattern recognition algorithm can be employed on the data for detecting particular patterns caused by said injury. The tensile forces can be determined using force sensors, with high sensitivity. The rein tension device may provide accurate feedback of the exerted tension during horse riding.

The system enables evaluation of injuries and or disorders in the horse by objective quantification of rein tension during horse-back riding. The tension sensor can be arranged to communicate rein tension data wirelessly to the processing unit, for instance arranged at a remote location. The remote location may include one or more processing units. Optionally, the tension sensor communicates the rein tension data wirelessly to a mobile phone, wherein an application on the mobile phone is used for communicating the data to a remote server (e.g. in the cloud) acting as the processing unit (for performing analysis of the data). Historical data may also be saved on the remote server, accessible by means of the mobile phone. It will be appreciated that other devices can also be used instead of the mobile phone, such as for example a computer, a laptop, a handheld device, a tablet, etc. It is also possible that signal processing units are integrated in the rein tension device, so that analyzed data is wirelessly sent to a remote unit (e.g. mobile device, server and/or the cloud). The processing unit may be configured to build or save a historical database. Knowledge about prior and present injuries can have significant value for preventing future injuries. Furthermore, it can be prevented that an injury is noticed too late.

Advantageously, the system may be used for examination or detection of complex injuries or conditions of the horse, one or more lameness conditions of the horse, and/or changes in locomotion of the horse over time.

The rein tension data may be collected during a period of horse gait (e.g. trotting or walking), i.e. during a stride of the animal. The processing unit can be arranged to collect the rein tension data for one or more time intervals during a period of horse gait (e.g. walk, trot, tolt, canter, gallop). Optionally, rein tension data for pre-determined but unrestricted time intervals are collected. The predefined interval can be a default time period retrieved from a memory. In an example, the predefined interval is a fixed period, such as 5 minutes or more. According to another aspect, there is no predefined interval. For example, the motion data for the entire period during which the animal is trotting or in walking gait can be collected.

Optionally, the predefined interval is definable by a user. Optionally, no predefined interval is used to determined and the algorithm operates real time as soon as the data is generated.

Optionally, the stride rates from sensory data are determined, the calculated stride rate indicating whether the animal is in a trotting phase or a walking gait phase. Stride rate and/or a stride duration patterns may also be used for determining an injury or condition (e.g. lameness) of a horse. In an example, the system is arranged to communicate with a mobile phone for performing this task, wherein the mobile phone is carried by the rider, the mobile phone including at least one accelerometer. The accelerometer of the mobile phone may be used for determining the stride rate of the horse.

The processing unit can receive one or more rein tension data collected by the rein tension device during a plurality of strides of the horse. Optionally, the processing unit is configured to automatically select segments of the rein tension data collection during a period of horse gait (e.g. trotting) which are good for detecting an injury/disorder. The

processing unit may be configured to recognize patterns in the rein tension date and or stride duration patterns in order to detect and optionally quantify an injury/disorder. The pattern recognition technique may be apphed on time data. However, also frequency domain data may be used for identifying patterns linked to an injury/disorder. For instance, the measured time rein tension data can be converted to the frequency domain for identifying harmonic components.

The system according to the invention can be easier to apply, more accurate, provide better identifications, easier to use, cheaper, etc. with regard to known systems.

The system can also be used during training of the horse for improving its performance. It can be avoided that the horse is trained while having injuries detectable by the system. Injuries or medical conditions can be detected at an earlier phase using the system. Additionally, more types of injuries can be identified by means of the system.

Optionally, the pattern is an alternating pattern having successive peaks with alternating lower and higher amplitudes.

Horses may resist taking an even contact with both reins as a consequence of pain, which can be induced in many parts of the body, such as for example the head, neck, back, and legs/limbs. The pain may result in a resistance causing specific patterns in the rein tension.

Depending on the horse gait, i.e. the various way in which the horse moves (e.g. walk, trot, canter or gallop), different rein tension data is obtained. The measured rein tension data or profiles may include a series of peaks and troughs. The processing unit may be configured to detect or recognize specific pattern (cf. pattern recognition) in the data (e.g. profiles) of rein tension during horse gaits.

The height of the rein tension peaks can vary alternatingly with a consistent pattern to the variation. The processing unit or cloud based software can be configured to detect such alternating pattern having alternately low and high peak amplitudes, e.g. low, high, low, high, low, high, etc. Based on such patterns, an injury, medical disorder and/or other contact-related health or rider issues can be detected. Optionally, the processing unit is configured to identify horse injuries in real-time.

Optionally, in the alternating pattern the ratio between the lower and higher amplitudes in successive peaks is smaller than 0.9, more preferably smaller than 0.8, even more preferably smaller than 0.7.

Optionally, in the alternating pattern the ratio between the lower and higher amplitudes in successive peaks is in a range of 0.9-0.1.

Optionally, a severity of the injury and/or disorder is determined as a function of a ratio of the lower amphtude to the higher amplitude in the alternating pattern. The differences in amphtudes may provide an

indication of the severity of the lameness.

Optionally, a single tension sensor is used for measuring tension in one rein of the reins.

Optionally, the rein tension device includes a first tension sensor and a second tension sensor positionable at opposite sides of the bridle, the first tension sensor being configured to measure first tension data indicative for tension in a first rein, the second tension sensor being configured to measure second tension data indicative for tension in a second rein, wherein the processing unit is configured to process the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data.

The rein tension device can be configured to measures and compare tension in both reins simultaneously. By means of the analysis of the rein tensions, asymmetry in most movements of the horse can be determined accurately.

One or more rein tensions can be measured or monitored simultaneously during horseback riding activities. The abihty to use two rein tension sensors on both reins can enable the evaluation of left/right symmetry in the horse’s response to rein tension.

Optionally, the processing unit is configured to perform peak detection for identifying maximum and/or minimum data positions in the measured rein tension data. This can be performed for both the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data. It may also be possible that a peak detection algorithm is employed which identifies both maximum and minimum rein tension data positions.

Optionally, the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data are synchronized for processing by the processing unit. The relative locations of the peaks in the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data can be relevant for the alternating pattern recognition.

Advantageously, by employing at least two rein tension sensors, forelimb and hindlimb lameness can be differentiated more easily.

The processing unit may be configured to perform data analysis. The processing unit may load or receive one or more rein tension data from one or more rein tension sensors of the rein tension device. The processing unit may be configured to perform data analysis algorithms, wherein the results are optionally provided to reporting means (e.g. on a computer, laptop, smartphone, tablet, etc.). Optionally, the processing unit is configured to identify a front leg lameness if the alternating pattern is identified in only one of the first rein tension data and second rein tension data obtained during a period of cantering, trotting or walking gait. For example, only one of the two may be alternating (higher peak amplitudes).

Optionally, the processing unit is configured to identify a particular front leg causing the front leg lameness, wherein the alternating pattern is present in the rein tension data produced by the rein tension sensor located on the bilateral side (rein located opposite the particular leg). Hence, based on the relative position of the particular rein tension sensor the particular front and or hind leg causing the lameness can be determined.

Optionally, the processing unit is configured to identify a spine injury if the alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data obtained during a period of trotting gait, and one of the first rein tension data and second rein tension data has higher peak amplitudes with respect to the other in the alternating pattern.

Spine injuries might also occur in the neck of the horse. The first and second rein tension data may both have alternating peaks where the one has higher peaks than the other.

Optionally, the processing unit is configured to identify hind leg lameness if the alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data obtained during a period of trotting or walking gait, the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data having substantially the same peak amplitudes in the alternating pattern.

The graphs of the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data may be largely the same or run parallel. It will be appreciated that small deviations are possible.

Optionally, the processing unit is configured to identify hind leg lameness if the alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data obtained during a period of canter gait, the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data having substantially different peak amplitudes.

During canter or gallop, the results may become substantially asymmetric. In such situation, the horse uses his hind legs relatively more than in trot and walk. In trot, there is more pressure on the front legs, while in the canter relatively more to the hind legs. In case of hind leg lameness, the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data may be asymmetric with respect to each other.

The rein tension device may further include signal output means for outputting measurement data by means of a signal. Optionally, the system is further configured to generate output data comprising a summary of the affected limb or bodypart (e.g. neck, spine, etc.), a type of

injury/disorder, a type of lameness, and/or a severity of lameness. In an example, the system further includes a reporting unit.

Optionally, a power source and a transmitter are included distanced from the rein tension sensor, for example positioned under the throatlatch. The power source and the transmitter may also be integrated with the rein tension device.

Optionally, the system includes at least one display unit for reading out a display of the tensile forces measured by the rein tension device. The display unit may be configured to show analyzed rein tension data (e.g. detected patterns). The system may further include transfer means for transferring the measurement data and/or the analyzed data.

Optionally, the tension-force indication device includes display means arranged for providing an acoustic and/or haptic feedback, for example by means of a loudspeaker and/or piezoelectric element when a pattern is detected. An advantage of such a feedback circuit is that the rider can maintain the visual attention of the surroundings. It will be appreciated that such feedback may also be communicated by means of a mobile device (e.g. smart phone). One or more users may receive a notification. Other ways of notification are also possible.

The system may include a storage unit configured to store the measured rein tension data. The storage unit may for instance be provided in preferably detachable or removable storage media, such as memory cards. It is also possible that the measured data are carried out via physical output means such as a network cable or USB cable. Optionally, the measured rein tension data is communicated to the cloud via internet. The system may include transmitting means for wireless transmission of measurement data to a storage server (e.g. cloud) or computer for storage thereof.

Preferably, the measurement data is wirelessly communicated to one or more remote devices. Optionally, the one or more remote devices are configured to perform further analysis of the measurement data.

Optionally, the rein tension sensors include anchors for attachment to the reins and bit of the bridle. Many types of connectors are possible.

According to an aspect, the invention provides for a system for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse, the system including: a rein tension device including at least one tension sensor, the at least one tension sensor being positionable between a bit and at least one rein of a bridle for measuring rein tension data indicative for a tension in said rein; and a processing unit configured to process the rein tension data obtained during one or more strides of the horse in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks and/or valleys in the rein tension data.

The processing unit can identify patterns in the rein tension data with successive peaks and/or valleys. In various examples herein, successive peaks (i.e. local maxima) in the rein tension data (obtained during one or more strides) is used for evaluating an injury and/or a medical condition of the horse. However, successive valleys or troughs (i.e. local minima) in the rein tension data can also be used in the pattern recognition, either instead of the successive peaks or in conjunction with the successive peaks. Hence, the pattern in the rein tension data can be identified based on successive peaks and/or valleys.

According to an aspect, the invention provides for a method for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse, the method including: providing rein tension device including at least one tension sensor, the at least one tension sensor being positioned between the horse’s mouth and the riders hand, for example between a bit and at least one rein of a bridle for measuring rein tension data indicative for a tension in said rein; and processing by means of a processing unit the rein tension data obtained during one or more strides of the horse in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data.

From the way the horse moves during gaits, it can be deduced whether the horse is in pain. Patterns in the rein tension data in straight lines and or during specific movements or gaits are identified for

determining the cause of the pain experienced by the horse.

Advantageously, the invention provides an accurate way to detect and correct potential problems (e.g. injuries, disorders, lameness, etc.) at an early stage. In this way, an optimal health of the horse can be monitored and maintained. The use of rein tension sensors are particularly

advantageous over motion sensors. In some examples, rein tension data is already available.

It will be appreciated that the invention allows to locahze a particular region of the horse body having an injury or a condition. For instance, the location of the lameness may be accurately assessed. Also the severity of the lameness can be determined. Also smaller injuries may be detected, such as muscle soreness.

Forces generated throughout the horse’s body can influence rein tension. Given that also the rider is symmetrical, Muscular symmetry and correct muscular coordination of thee horse can allow the horse to offer even and optimal contact with both reins. For a sound horse, the rein tension is substantially equalized, indicating an overall straightness of the horse.

An injury affected horse may tend to avoid rein contact on one side and may twist or tilt his head during gaits. Neck and back pain are frequent causes of heavy rein pressure caused by pulling on the bit. These problems require diagnosis by a veterinarian followed by an appropriate treatment. The rein tension device according to the current invention can be used to monitor changes in the horse s contact with the bit in the rein tension data for evaluating or detecting injuries and disorders (e.g. lameness). The invention can accurately detect subtle lameness in horses.

The rein tension data may be collected at a predefined time interval. The predefined time interval may include for instance a user define time period. It is also envisaged that rein tension data is collected until one or more patterns are recognized by the processing unit.

The method may further include generating an output data including a representation (e.g. summary) of a type of the identified injury/disorder (e.g. lameness), an affected body part of the horse, a severity of lameness, etc. A type of lameness may for instance include forelimb lameness, hindhmb lameness, and a specific leg/limb affected with

lameness.

According to an aspect, the invention provides for a method for evaluating whether a medical conchtion of a horse is suitable for a particular function based on results obtained by means of the processing unit.

It will be appreciated that the method may be at least partially computerized. The processing unit may include at least one processor configured to receive one or more signals comprising one or more rein tension data representative of one or more rein tensions during a stride of the animal, wherein the processing unit includes data-acquisition means configured to collect said one or more rein tension data from the received one or more signals.

According to an aspect, the invention provides for a computer program product configured to receive one or more rein tension data from one or more rein tension sensors, wherein the computer program product is configured identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder in the one or more rein tension data, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data.

The computer program product may provide an injury or health monitoring tool by providing immediate feedback during riding activities. In an example, the computer program product is run on the processing unit. The computer program product may be a cloud software, for instance communicating via the internet.

Rein tension data may be collected by means of the rein tension device. The collected rein tension data may be stored in a memory. The processing unit receives the collected rein tension data for performing specific data analysis involving pattern recognition. The pattern may be specifically linked to lameness or an injury. Advantageously, the invention provides a way to determine the specific cause of lameness in a horse by detecting different types of alternating patterns in one or multiple rein tension data during specific, predefined movements.

Erroneous data points may be automatically identified and eliminated. For instance, outliers and/or outliners can be automatically discarded. In an example, a curve fitting algorithm is employed for identifying relevant data points.

The method and system according to the invention can be used for identifying forelimb lameness. However, the rein tension data can also be used for identifying at least hindlimb lameness, spine injuries/disorders. Also the particular limb causing the lameness can be identified using rein tension sensors on each side. According to an aspect, the invention provides for a processing unit configured to process rein tension data obtained during one or more strides of the horse in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data. The rein tension data may be loaded or received by the processing unit. The processing unit may include means for wireless communication with a remote entity for retrieving one or more rein tension data for processing.

In an example, the rein tension sensor(s) of the rein tension device are directly connected to a mobile device (e.g. smartphone), preferably wirelessly. The smartphone have an application to forward the collected rein tension data to a cloud service when possible. The mobile device (e.g.

smartphone) may receive an alert when an injury is detected. Other types of notifications are also possible. The user may be instructed to perform a more extensive evaluation, preferably following a protocol (e.g. walking, trot, canter) in order to more accurately determine the type and location of the injury/disorder (e.g. lameness).

According to an aspect, the invention provides for a use of the system for evaluating injury and/or disorder in a horse.

According to an aspect, the invention provides for a leash assembly with the rein tension device according to the current invention, the rein tension device being communicatively coupled to the processing unit.

Advantageously, the natural movement of the horse is not encumbered with excessive or heavy equipment.

Additionally or alternatively, instead of a time domain analysis for pattern recognition, a frequency domain analysis can be performed. This can be performed accurately as periodic patterns are identified. Also, the frequency of the peaks can be taken into account in the analysis.

The rein tension device may be arranged for measuring a tensile or pulling force exerted between the bit and at least one of the reins. Different types of rein tension sensors can be used. The system can be used for health monitoring for monitoring the rein tension during horse riding, analyzing the measured rein tension and determine health problems linked to the horse.

The at least one rein tension sensor of the rein tension device may be insertable or attachable between the bit the reins of the bridle. An integrated assembly is also envisaged for example in the rein, the bit or in cloves.

It will be appreciated that evaluation of an injury/disorder in a horse may involve the detection, examination and/or identification of the injury/disorder. For instance, lameness or other health conditions may be diagnosed/examined. For instance, disease that influence the locomotory system of the horse may be identified.

It will be appreciated that the processing unit may be a cloud based software, for instance communicating through the internet.

It will be appreciated that any of the aspects, features and options described in view of the system apply equally to the method and the described processing unit and computer program product. It will also be clear that any one or more of the above aspects, features and options can be combined.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The invention will further be elucidated on the basis of exemplary embodiments which are represented in a drawing. The exemplary

embodiments are given by way of non-limitative illustration. It is noted that the figures are only schematic representations of embodiments of the invention that are given by way of non-limiting example.

In the chawing:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system;

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of horse gait; Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data;

Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data;

Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data;

Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data;

Fig. 7A and 7B show a schematic diagram of rein tension data;

Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data;

Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data;

Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data; and

Fig. 11 shows a schematic diagram of a method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system 1 for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse 3. The system 1 includes a rein tension device 5 including at least one tension sensor 7, the at least one tension sensor 7 being positionable between a bit 9 and at least one rein 11 of a bridle 13 for measuring rein tension data indicative for a tension applied to said rein 11. The system 1 further includes a processing unit 15 configured to process the rein tension data obtained during one or more strides of the horse 3 in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data.

The rein tension device 5 can be mounted to a horse. The rein tension device 5 may comprise two rein tension sensors 7 that fit between the bit 9 and the rein 11 on each side. The rein tension sensors 7 may have a small weight (e.g. smaller than 60 grams) reducing the influence on the rein device. The peaks in the rein tension data result from the natural

movements of the horse’s head and neck, which nod into the contact in a rhythm that is characteristic for each gait. In trot, the head and neck nod downward under the influence of gravity during each diagonal stance phase. Although these movements are quite small, they are sufficient to cause a significant rise in rein tension, which is the source of the regularly repeated spikes on the rein-tension graph.

The system can detect lameness in horses, and promote health of the animals. For this purpose, the system sends one or more rein tension sensor-based data to the processing unit which is configured to evaluate the data for identifying specific patterns so as to detect and quantify a medical condition (such as lameness).

The processing unit 15 may include one or more processors or processing systems and employ a software subsystem, or a software application, to process the one or more rein tension data received by the processing unit 15. For example, the processing unit 15 can execute a pattern recognition algorithm based on successive peaks in the rein tension data, wherein alternating pattern having successive peaks with alternating lower and higher amplitudes are identified for objectively detect and diagnose injury/disorder (e.g. lameness) in the horse.

Optionally, the processing unit 15 is a remote computer, such as a laptop computer, a personal computer station, a server, a mobile phone, a tablet, etc. The processing unit 15 may also be part of a cloud service

(communicating via internet). Additionally or alternatively, the processing unit 15 communicates with the rein tension sensors wirelessly (e.g. WiFi, Bluetooth, cellular). Other wireless and/or wired communications may also be used. Optionally, a user interface is employed for enabling a user to input or manipulate the rein tension data and/or to issue processing commands. The processing unit may be coupled to a memory for storing the rein tension data for a particular horse, including processed and/or rein tension data and the results (e.g. detected patterns linked to injury/disorder). It will be appreciated that the processing 15 may be integrated in the sensor.

The processing system may be arranged for receiving the generated signals directly from the rein tension sensors. Additionally or alternatively, a separate intermediate transceiver may not be employed. The rein tension sensor 7has an oval-like shape in fig. 1. Many other shapes are possible. The rein tension sensor 7 may also be integrated with the reins. In an example, the rein tension sensor 7 includes a load cells, and means for transmitting the forces acting between the bit and the rein to the load cell of the rein tension sensor 7. Further, the rein tension sensory 7 may include electronic hardware preferably including wireless

communication means and a battery. It will be appreciated that other sensors may also be integrated in the rein tension sensors, such as for instance accelerometers and gyroscopes.

By means of the system 1, different types of injuries or disorders can be identified. For instance, from the collected rein tension data, the processing unit can determine if the horse has foreleg lameness, hindleg lameness, spine problems, neck problems, etc. Also hind leg lameness can give a hght head nod which can be identified by means of pattern

recognition in the rein tension data.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of trot (horse gait), which has a two-beat rhythm, usually shows two spikes per stride that are evenly spaced in time and coincide with a support phase of the diagonal limb pairs. Canter has a three beat rhythm, showing one distinct spike during each stride that coincided with the time when the horse was supported by a diagonal pair of limbs.

A line 17 is shown as a reference for illustrating the position of the head in the different phases of the trot gait. If the painful leg (e.g. due to an injury or disorder) is on the ground, see dotted line 19 on the painful foot, the horse pulls its head up high. When the sound leg is on the ground, the head is lowered. This movement can be seen in different degrees in different types of lameness. The system according to the invention can detect the head nod in the rein pressure. By means of the rein tension data, the reliability of lameness localization and assessment can be improved. In this way, the detection of an injury or a medical disorder can be detected well in advance before currents systems or methods can., so prevent the disorder to get worse.

The trot and canter are characterized by having airborne phases (also named swing phases) in each stride when none of the limbs is in contact with the ground, which also affects the rein tension profiles. In the trot there are two airborne phases per stride separated by phases in which a diagonal pair of limbs is in contact with the ground. During each airborne phase the center of mass rises and during the support phases the center of mass falls. Within these rhythmic oscillations of the horse’s body, the head and neck also rise and fall. The head nods downward during the diagonal limb support phases, and the spikes in rein tension at the trot peaked as the head nodded down.

In the canter there is one airborne phase per stride. As in the trot, the center of mass rises during the airborne phase and sinks during the support phase. The tension peak coincided with the middle of the support phase when the head was descending relative to the horse’s trunk.

The head of the horse can nod into the rein contact. The rider’s hands and arms support the downward motion and this is the source of tension spikes. The tension spikes can be correlated with the kinematic events in the stride cycle of the horse.

The head bob is a characteristic sign of forelimb lameness. The horse holds his head in a higher position when the lame forelimb is grounded, then lowers his head further than normal when the compensating forelimb is grounded. The effect of the head bob shows up on rein-tension graphs as an alternating pattern of low and high peaks, the low-tension peaks coincide with the head being held high (lame for eh mb stance), and the high-tension peaks occur as the head nods down into the contact when the compensating forelimb is bearing weight.

During a trot gait, for example, when the forelimb of the animal is down, the hindlimb (i.e., on the same side) is up, and when the forelimb up, the hindlimb (i.e., on the same side) is down. Moreover, if the vertical position of the forelimb is increasing (i.e., going up) the vertical position of the hind limb on the same side is decreasing (i.e., going down), and if the vertical position of the forelimb is decreasing the vertical position of the hind limb is increasing.

Now exemplary schematic diagram of rein tension data plots are shown in figs. 3-10. Features having the same or similar properties can be given by identical or similar numerals, and a detailed explanation as to these elements will be omitted. The figures can illustrate the way lameness manifests itself in rein tension and how the processing is configured to process the rein tension data for identifying different types of lameness linked to particular injuries/disorders. It will be appreciated that the invention can also be used for detecting various other alternating patterns. Typically, a multitude of combinations of alternating patterns occur in practice.

The rider’s perception of rein tension is very different from the tension data recorded by the rein tension device according to the invention. Assessment of rein tension by the horse rider is highly subjective and human perception of tactile sensation is influenced by many factors. During horseback riding, the rider is flooded with sensory information originating in the movements of the own body and the horse, as well as stimuh from the external environment. This makes it often difficult to form an accurate perception of rein tension. The system according to the invention uses measured rein tension data for accurately identifying particular patterns linked to injury and/or disorders.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data 100. The rein tension device includes a first tension sensor and a second tension sensor positionable at opposite sides of the bridle (i.e. at opposite sides of the head of the horse), the first tension sensor being configured to measure first tension data 20a (continuous line) indicative for tension in a first rein, the second tension sensor being configured to measure second tension data 20b (dotted line) indicative for tension in a second rein, wherein the processing unit is configured to process the first rein tension data 20a and the second rein tension data 20b. The first rein tension data 20a and the second rein tension data 20b are plotted in fig. 3. The profiles of the first and second rein tension data 20a, 20b substantially overlap with respect to each other. There is a symmetry between the first and second rein tension data 20a, 20b. In this case, the processing unit does not detect any injury or disorder.

The shown graph of the rein tension data is from a sound/healthy horse. In this horse, tension is the same in the first rein (e.g. left) and in the second rein (e.g. right). However, other graphs are also possible. For example, the tension may be a little higher in the first rein than in the second rein. The height of the tension peaks may vary, but there is no consistent pattern to the variation. Hence, the processing unit will not detect an (alternating) pattern having successive peaks with alternating lower and higher amplitudes.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data 100. As in fig. 3, the rein tension device includes a first tension sensor and a second tension sensor, measuring a first rein tension data 20a and a second rein tension data 20b. The processing unit is configured to process the first and second rein tension data 20a, 20b obtained during strides of the horse in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder. The pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data. The pattern to be identified in the first and second tension data 20a, 20b is an alternating pattern having successive peaks with alternating lower amplitudes 23 and higher amplitudes 25.

In this case, the processing unit identifies a front leg (forelimb) lameness as the alternating pattern is identified in only one of the first rein tension data and second rein tension data obtained during a period of trotting or walking gait, namely in the second rein tension data 20b only. Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data 100. In this case, the processing unit is configured to identify a spine injury (or other medical condition in the spine of the horse) as the alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data 20a and the second rein tension data 20b obtained during a period of trotting or walking gait. One of the first rein tension data and second rein tension data, namely the second rein tension data, has higher peak amplitudes 25” with respect to the other 25’ in the alternating pattern.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data 100. The processing unit is configured to identify hind leg lameness as the

alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data 20a and the second rein tension data 20b obtained during a period of trotting or walking gait, the first rein tension data 20a and the second rein tension data 20b having substantially the same peak amplitudes in the alternating pattern.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data 100. Fig. 7A depicts first and second rein tension data obtained during trot and fig. 7B depicts first and second rein tension data obtained during canter or gallop.

In fig. 7 A, the processing unit is configured to identify hind leg lameness as the alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data 20a and the second rein tension data 20b obtained during a period of trotting gait, the first rein tension data 20a and the second rein tension data 20b having substantially the same peak amplitudes in the asymmetrical pattern. In fig. 7b, the processing unit is configured to identify hind leg (hindlimb) lameness as the alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data 20a and the second rein tension data 20b obtained during a period of canter gait, the first rein tension data 20a and the second rein tension data 20b having substantially different peak amplitudes in the alternating pattern. Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data 100. In this case, the processing unit identifies a front leg lameness as the alternating pattern is identified in only one of the first rein tension data and second rein tension data obtained during a period of trotting or walking gait, namely in the first rein tension data 20a only. The second rein tension data has successive peaks with substantially constant amplitudes.

In this example, the first rein tension data 20a corresponds to rein tension in the left rein and the second rein tension data 20b corresponds to rein tension in the right rein in a horse being led at trot in a straight fine while wearing side reins. The graph of the rein tension data is from a lame horse. The tension peaks are alternately low and high, which is typical of a lame horse.

Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data 100. In this case, similar to the situation as depicted in fig. 5, the processing unit is configured to identify a spine injury as the alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data 20a and the second rein tension data 20b obtained during a period of trotting or walking gait. One of the first rein tension data and second rein tension data, namely the first rein tension data, has higher peak amplitudes 25’ with respect to the other 25” in the alternating pattern.

Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of rein tension data 100. The processing unit may be configured to perform pattern recognition on the rein tension data. In this example, the alternating pattern 50 is identified in a portion of the total rein tension data plotted in function of time. It will be appreciated that the rein tension data 100 may include more data points. Only a portion of the rein tension data is shows the lameness pattern with alternating highs.

Fig. 11 shows a schematic diagram of a method 1000 for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse. In a first step 1001, a rein tension device is provided, the device including at least one tension sensor, the at least one tension sensor being positioned between a bit and at least one rein of a bridle for measuring rein tension data indicative for a tension in said rein. In a second step 1002, the rein tension data obtained during one or more strides of the horse is processed by means of a processing unit in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data. The second step 1002 can be implemented in a computer program product. In an example, the processing unit is arranged at the rein tension data the rein tension device may be arranged to provide an indication of an injury and/or a disorder in the horse by means of one or more indicators (e.g. light emitting members, LEDs, audio transducer, vibrating member or a combination thereof).

It will be appreciated that the method may include computer implemented steps. All above mentioned steps processed by the processing unit can be computer implemented steps. Embodiments may comprise computer apparatus, wherein processes performed in computer apparatus. The invention also extends to computer programs, particularly computer programs on or in a carrier, adapted for putting the invention into practice. The program may be in the form of source or object code or in any other form suitable for use in the implementation of the processes according to the invention. The carrier may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program. For example, the carrier may comprise a storage medium, such as a ROM, for example a semiconductor ROM or hard disk. Further, the carrier may be a transmissible carrier such as an electrical or optical signal which may be conveyed via electrical or optical cable or by radio or other means, e.g. via the internet or cloud.

Some embodiments may be implemented, for example, using a machine or tangible computer-readable medium or article which may store an instruction or a set of instructions that, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method and/or operations in accordance with the embodiments.

Various embodiments may be implemented using hardware elements, software elements, or a combination of both. Examples of hardware elements may include processors, microprocessors, circuits, apphcation specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLD), digital signal processors (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, microchips, chip sets, et cetera. Examples of software may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, machine programs, operating system software, mobile apps, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, computer implemented methods, procedures, software interfaces,

apphcation program interfaces (API), methods, instruction sets, computing code, computer code, et cetera.

Herein, the invention is described with reference to specific examples of embodiments of the invention. It will, however, be evident that various modifications, variations, alternatives and changes may be made therein, without departing from the essence of the invention. For the purpose of clarity and a concise description features are described herein as part of the same or separate embodiments, however, alternative

embodiments having combinations of all or some of the features described in these separate embodiments are also envisaged and understood to fall within the framework of the invention as outlined by the claims. The specifications, figures and examples are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than in a restrictive sense. The invention is intended to embrace all alternatives, modifications and variations which fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Further, many of the elements that are described are functional entities that may be implemented as discrete or distributed components or in conjunction with other components, in any suitable combination and location.

In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word‘comprising’ does not exclude the presence of other features or steps than those listed in a claim. Furthermore, the words‘a’ and‘an’ shall not be construed as limited to‘only one’, but instead are used to mean‘at least one’, and do not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to an advantage.

Claims

1. A system for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse, the system including:

a rein tension device including at least one tension sensor, the at least one tension sensor being positionable between a bit and at least one rein of a bridle for measuring rein tension data indicative for a tension in said rein; and

a processing unit configured to process the rein tension data obtained during one or more strides of the horse in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data.

2. System according to claim 1, wherein the pattern is an alternating pattern having successive peaks with alternating lower and higher amplitudes.

3. System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the severity of the injury and/or disorder is determined as a function of a ratio of the lower amplitude to the higher amphtude in the alternating pattern.

4. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rein tension device includes a first tension sensor and a second tension sensor positionable at opposite sides of the bridle, the first tension sensor being configured to measure first tension data indicative for tension in a first rein, the second tension sensor being configured to measure second tension data indicative for tension in a second rein, wherein the processing unit is configured to process the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data.

5. System according to claim 4, wherein the processing unit is configured to identify a front leg lameness if the alternating pattern is identified in only one of the first rein tension data and second rein tension data obtained during a period of trotting or walking gait.

6. System according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the processing unit is configured to identify a spine injury if the alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data obtained during a period of trotting or walking gait, and one of the first rein tension data and second rein tension data has higher peak amplitudes with respect to the other in the alternating pattern.

7. System according to claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the processing unit is configured to identify hind leg lameness if the alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data obtained during a period of trotting or walking gait, the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data having substantially the same peak amplitudes in the alternating pattern.

8. System according to claims 4-7, wherein the processing unit is configured to identify hind leg lameness if the alternating pattern is identified in both the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data obtained during a period of canter gait, the first rein tension data and the second rein tension data having substantially different peak amplitudes in the alternating pattern.

9. Method for evaluating an injury and/or a disorder in a horse, the method including:

providing rein tension device including at least one tension sensor, the at least one tension sensor being positioned between a bit and at least one rein of a bridle for measuring rein tension data indicative for a tension in said rein; and

processing by means of a processing unit the rein tension data obtained during one or more strides of the horse in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data.

10. Computer program product configured to receive one or more rein tension data from one or more rein tension sensors, wherein the computer program product is configured identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder in the one or more rein tension data, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data.

11. Processing unit according configured to process rein tension data obtained during one or more strides of the horse in order to identify a pattern linked to a type of injury and/or disorder, wherein the pattern is identified based on successive peaks in the rein tension data.

12. Use of the system according to any one of the claims 1-8 for evaluating injury and/or disorder in a horse.