WO2020110043A1 - Auxiliary apparatus for a total station for measuring with obstacles, applied to topography - Google Patents

Auxiliary apparatus for a total station for measuring with obstacles, applied to topography Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020110043A1
WO2020110043A1 PCT/IB2019/060252 IB2019060252W WO2020110043A1 WO 2020110043 A1 WO2020110043 A1 WO 2020110043A1 IB 2019060252 W IB2019060252 W IB 2019060252W WO 2020110043 A1 WO2020110043 A1 WO 2020110043A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
total station
topography
obstacles
mirror
reflective
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PCT/IB2019/060252
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sergio Gómez Palacio
Original Assignee
Gomez Palacio Sergio
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Publication date
Application filed by Gomez Palacio Sergio filed Critical Gomez Palacio Sergio
Publication of WO2020110043A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020110043A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B11/03—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C1/00—Measuring angles
    • G01C1/02—Theodolites
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00

Definitions

  • the present invention is located within the technical field of measuring instruments, specifically those related to or applied to topography in order to carry out the survey or location of a point in a field, which is inaccessible for the total station.
  • the present invention is an assistant device or apparatus of the total station in topography, which is used for the measurement where an obstacle is present and said apparatus basically consists of a fixing base that allows to hold the apparatus of firmly to a tripod, a leveling base that allows the leveling of the apparatus, and a main body constituted, in essence, by an angular measurement system, both horizontal and vertical, and by a leveling system, where said body also includes a mirror that reflects a laser beam and a plumb line that allows determining a point on the ground where the measurement is carried out.
  • the device or apparatus of the present invention is a transit or theodolite to which a mirror has been placed in the place where the lens used to be, that is: in the optical center of the apparatus; and the lens has been moved towards the back of the mirror, but always keeping its alignment with the visual one.
  • a total station which is an optical device that allows a specific point on the ground on which it is located to materialize.
  • the total station can also define terrain points and find their coordinates.
  • this task of defining points on the ground becomes very difficult, and even impossible, when you cannot see them through your lens, due to an obstacle that interrupts your vision, as illustrated in Figure 1 attached.
  • These inaccessible points are usually referred to in the technical field as trouble points, since they cannot be viewed from the total station. Therefore, in the state of the art there is a problem to be solved related to the option of finding the coordinates of these points (or materializing them, in the case of location) called "problem" since the aforementioned obstacle is present.
  • document RU 2616348 related to the measurement of angular displacements
  • document RU 2616348 refers to a method of adjusting a resonator laser gyroscope comprising adjusting the dimension of the excited natural oscillations of the ring resonator and sequentially carrying out the alignment of each of the mirrors of a ring resonator, wherein the method is carried out in an engineering instrument for spot measurement in the field with a gyroscope.
  • document CN 106595703 discloses a theodolite collimation error adjustment method, which comprises the steps of adjusting the auto-collimation centering of a main mirror; adjust the auto-collimation centering of a CCD lens; and install a mirror sub-assembly, eliminating the comma and astigmatism between the main mirror assembly and the mirror sub-assembly.
  • GB968640 discloses vision instruments that include an open box on the top with a removable lid and includes a mirror that mounts in a substantially horizontal adjustable manner on the cape with a level above its mount, allowing the mirror to be adjusted to a true horizontal position, where the cap features a marked target on it and on Its underside of the lens is identical in shape to the mirror.
  • this document seems to refer to an instrument to determine a point on the vertical that passes through another given point.
  • GB1387172 teaches a measuring instrument comprising a light beam, a light source that directs a laser beam along the light beam, and at least one light deflector for directing the laser beam onto a pole measurement.
  • the present invention refers to an assistant device or apparatus of total station for the measurement with obstacles, applied to topography, where said device or apparatus is composed of a fixing base that allows to hold the device firmly. to a tripod as occurs in transits or theodolites; a leveling base with which the apparatus is leveled and which corresponds to the same component of transits or theodolites; and a body of the apparatus or main body, which is made up of angular measurement systems which can be systems composed of pinions or measurement discs, both horizontal and vertical, and a leveling system, again, as occurs in transits or theodolites.
  • the device has a main point which is defined as the intersection of the horizontal and vertical axes of rotation; Keeping this point unchanged is essential to guarantee a correct and accurate measurement.
  • the main body of the device of the present invention also has a mirror that reflects the laser beam, and is complemented by a plumb line, which allows determining the point P of the terrain.
  • the device or apparatus of the present invention is assembled at a point P on the ground, from which both the total station E and point A not visible from E can be viewed, as illustrated in Figure 1 attached, and thus, through the use of the mirror located on the upper part of the main body, the ray can be reflected and the measurement can be carried out with the total station in E and the apparatus of the invention in P, suitably and precise, solving in a forceful and rigorous way the existing problem in the state of the art, as previously mentioned.
  • the present invention allows obtaining an advantage over the existing methods in the state of the art, since it is a device that, for example, allows the location of a point on the ground without the need to use tape, as in the chamfer stakes.
  • an open or closed traverse can be made with a single assembly of the total station, that is, without the need to arm the total station at each vertex of that traverse, at the same time that these traverse would be of high precision.
  • FIG. 1 corresponds to a schematic graph showing the location, at point P, of the apparatus of the present invention to be used in conjunction with a total station, at point E, and thus allow the determination of a specific point A that is being blocked by an obstacle O.
  • FIG. 2 corresponds to a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention, where the lens and its respective support are decoupled from the entire main body of the device.
  • FIG. 3 corresponds to a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention, where all the elements are coupled.
  • the device of the present invention corresponds to an auxiliary or assistant apparatus P for the measurement of points in a specific terrain, applied to topography, where the device is complemented by the total station E, with the In order to measure the coordinates of a point A (or to materialize given coordinates, in the case of location) that is covered or that does not have a direct line of sight due to the existence of an obstacle O.
  • the device of the Invention is called a pazometer, as may be clear to the person skilled in the art.
  • the laser pointer then allows this beam to be physically visible, which enables the operator of the apparatus of the invention P to direct, with the help of the prism operator, the reflected beam to the prism positioned at the point to be determined A.
  • the way to direct the reflected beam to the central point of the prism is by rotating the mirror (34).
  • the mirror (34) has two possible rotations: rotation on the horizontal axis that generates vertical angles, and rotation on the vertical axis that generates horizontal angles, just like when the lens is rotated in transits and theodolites.
  • the apparatus of the invention P allows very fine movements of the mirror (34) in its rotation, in addition to also allowing the reading of the corresponding horizontal and vertical angles.
  • the present invention is directed to a total station assistant device or apparatus for surveying obstacles in topography, such as a pazometer, wherein said device or apparatus is characterized in that it comprises the following components or parts:
  • a theodolite lens (36) supported by a lens holder (361) located in the main body (3)
  • the reflective surface or mirror (34) of the present invention points to the bisector of the angle formed by the distances EP and PA, when in use.
  • the support of the reflective or mirror surface (34) comprises a leveling bubble in the upper part of said support.
  • the fixing base (1) and the leveling base (2) of the device or apparatus defined herein have any geometric shape, preferably a triangle.
  • the main body (3) of the present invention also comprises a leveling bubble (33) located on the upper part of the horizontal measurement disc (31), where said leveling bubble (33) allows, as its name indicates, level the device according to a surface where it is located and taking into account the user's requirements.
  • the main body (3) further comprises a point plumb, which is located in the lower part of said body (3), where said point plumb allows the device to be stabilized or located in the appropriate position.
  • the mirror support (34) of the device of the present invention has a rotation on the horizontal axis for vertical angles, and a rotation on the vertical axis for horizontal angles, where said rotations are different.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an auxiliary apparatus or device for a total station for topography, which is used for measurement with obstacles, the apparatus basically comprising an attachment base that allows the apparatus to be firmly fastened to a tripod, a levelling base that allows the apparatus to be levelled and corresponds to the same component in transits or theodolites, and a main body composed mainly of angle measurement discs, both horizontal and vertical, and by a spirit level, wherein the body also comprises a mirror that reflects a laser beam, and a plumb line that allows the determination of a point on the ground where the measurement is to be taken.

Description

APARATO ASISTENTE DE LA ESTACIÓN TOTAL PARA LA MEDICIÓN CON OBSTÁCULOS, APLICADO A TOPOGRAFÍA TOTAL STATION ASSISTING DEVICE FOR MEASUREMENT WITH OBSTACLES, APPLIED TO TOPOGRAPHY
CAMPO TÉCNICO TECHNICAL FIELD
La presente invención se ubica dentro del campo técnico de los instrumentos de medida, específicamente de los relacionados o aplicados a topografía para poder realizar el levantamiento o localización de un punto en un terreno, el cual es inaccesible para la estación total. The present invention is located within the technical field of measuring instruments, specifically those related to or applied to topography in order to carry out the survey or location of a point in a field, which is inaccessible for the total station.
Así las cosas, la presente invención es un dispositivo o aparato asistente de la estación total en topografía, el cual es usado para la medición en donde se hace presente un obstáculo y dicho aparato consta básicamente de una base de fijación que permite sujetar el aparato de manera firme a un trípode, una base nivelante que permite la nivelación del aparato, y un cuerpo principal constituido, en esencia, por un sistema de medición angular, tanto horizontal como vertical, y por un sistema de nivelación, en donde dicho cuerpo además comprende un espejo que refleja un rayo láser y una plomada que permite determinar un punto del terreno donde se lleva a cabo la medición. Por lo tanto, el dispositivo o aparato de la presente invención es un tránsito o teodolito al que se le ha puesto un espejo en el lugar en donde antes estaba la lente, es decir: en el centro óptico del aparato; y el lente se ha corrido hacia la parte posterior del espejo, pero siempre conservando su alineación con la visual. Thus, the present invention is an assistant device or apparatus of the total station in topography, which is used for the measurement where an obstacle is present and said apparatus basically consists of a fixing base that allows to hold the apparatus of firmly to a tripod, a leveling base that allows the leveling of the apparatus, and a main body constituted, in essence, by an angular measurement system, both horizontal and vertical, and by a leveling system, where said body also includes a mirror that reflects a laser beam and a plumb line that allows determining a point on the ground where the measurement is carried out. Therefore, the device or apparatus of the present invention is a transit or theodolite to which a mirror has been placed in the place where the lens used to be, that is: in the optical center of the apparatus; and the lens has been moved towards the back of the mirror, but always keeping its alignment with the visual one.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA STATE OF THE ART
En el campo de la topografía, siempre existe una necesidad constante de realizar mediciones de puntos específicos a lo largo de un terreno, donde dicho terreno no siempre es uniforme, sino que, por el contrario, tiene una superficie totalmente dispareja y, además, puede presentar en varios casos una pluralidad de obstáculos que afectan la medición que se va a realizar. In the field of topography, there is always a constant need to take measurements of specific points along a terrain, where said terrain is not always uniform, but, on the contrary, has a completely uneven surface and, in addition, can present in several cases a plurality of obstacles that affect the measurement to be performed.
Para realizar estas mediciones se emplea una estación total, la cual es un aparato óptico que permite materializar un punto determinado del terreno sobre el cual ella se encuentra. Así, con un lente que tiene incorporado, la estación total puede definir también puntos del terreno y hallar sus coordenadas. Sin embargo, esta labor de definir puntos sobre el terreno se hace muy difícil, e incluso imposible, cuando no se puede mirar a éstos por medio de su lente, debido a un obstáculo que interrumpe su visual, tal como se ilustra en la Figura 1 adjunta. Estos puntos inaccesibles se denominan usualmente en el campo técnico como puntos problema, ya que no se pueden mirar a ellos desde la estación total. Por lo tanto, en el estado del arte existe un problema a resolver relacionado con la opción de hallar las coordenadas de estos puntos (o de materializarlas, en el caso de localización) denominados“problema” ya que está presente el mencionado obstáculo. To carry out these measurements, a total station is used, which is an optical device that allows a specific point on the ground on which it is located to materialize. Thus, with a built-in lens, the total station can also define terrain points and find their coordinates. However, this task of defining points on the ground becomes very difficult, and even impossible, when you cannot see them through your lens, due to an obstacle that interrupts your vision, as illustrated in Figure 1 attached. These inaccessible points are usually referred to in the technical field as trouble points, since they cannot be viewed from the total station. Therefore, in the state of the art there is a problem to be solved related to the option of finding the coordinates of these points (or materializing them, in the case of location) called "problem" since the aforementioned obstacle is present.
Así las cosas, en el estado del arte existe una pluralidad de divulgaciones relacionadas con dispositivos que permiten hacer la medición de puntos en terrenos, dentro de las que se encuentra el documento RU 2616348 relacionado con la medición de desplazamientos angulares, ya que se refiere con un método para ajustar un giroscopio láser resonador que comprende ajustar la dimensión de las oscilaciones naturales excitadas del resonador de anillo y secuencialmente llevar a cabo la alineación de cada uno de los espejos de un resonador de anillo, en donde el método se lleva a cabo en un instrumento de ingeniería para medición de puntos en terreno con giroscopio. Thus, in the state of the art there are a plurality of disclosures related to devices that allow the measurement of points on land, among which is document RU 2616348 related to the measurement of angular displacements, since it refers to a method of adjusting a resonator laser gyroscope comprising adjusting the dimension of the excited natural oscillations of the ring resonator and sequentially carrying out the alignment of each of the mirrors of a ring resonator, wherein the method is carried out in an engineering instrument for spot measurement in the field with a gyroscope.
De otra parte, se encuentra el documento CN 106595703 que divulga un método de ajuste de error de colimación de teodolito, el cual comprende los pasos de ajustar el centrado auto-colimación de un espejo principal; ajustar el centrado auto-colimación de lentes de un CCD; e instalar un sub-ensamble de espejo, eliminando la coma y el astigmatismo entre el ensamble de espejo principal y el sub-ensamble de espejo. On the other hand, there is document CN 106595703 that discloses a theodolite collimation error adjustment method, which comprises the steps of adjusting the auto-collimation centering of a main mirror; adjust the auto-collimation centering of a CCD lens; and install a mirror sub-assembly, eliminating the comma and astigmatism between the main mirror assembly and the mirror sub-assembly.
Así mismo, se tiene el documento US 20070024824 que enseña un método para visualizar una imagen con un sistema de visualización que incluye datos de la imagen, donde el método incluye generar un primer sub-marco y un segundo sub-marco que corresponden a los datos de la imagen, y proyectar el primer sub-marco sobre una superficie objetivo usando una primera fuente proyectora de luz. Así mismo, el método incluye proyectar el segundo sub-marco sobre la superficie objetivo usando una segunda fuente proyectora de luz, y posteriormente se realiza la medición de las distancias a objetos por las imágenes. Sin embargo, es importante tener en consideración el hecho que el método descrito en este documento no tiene uso en topografía Likewise, there is the document US 20070024824 that teaches a method for displaying an image with a display system that includes image data, where the method includes generating a first subframe and a second subframe that correspond to the data. of the image, and projecting the first subframe onto a target surface using a first light projecting source. Likewise, the method includes projecting the second sub-frame onto the target surface using a second light-projecting source, and subsequently measuring the distances to objects by the images. However, it is important to take into account the fact that the method described in this document is not used in topography.
Adicionalmente, se encuentra el documento GB968640 que divulga instrumentos de visión que comprenden una caja abierta en la parte superior con una tapa desmontable e incluye un espejo que se monta de forma ajustable sustancialmente horizontal en la capa con un nivel sobre su montaje, lo que permite que el espejo pueda ser ajustado con una posición horizontal verdadera, donde la tapa cuenta con un objetivo marcado sobre la misma y sobre su lado inferior el objetivo tiene una forma idéntica a la del espejo. Sin embargo, este documento parece referirse a un instrumento para determinar un punto sobre la vertical que pasa por otro punto dado. Additionally, there is document GB968640 that discloses vision instruments that include an open box on the top with a removable lid and includes a mirror that mounts in a substantially horizontal adjustable manner on the cape with a level above its mount, allowing the mirror to be adjusted to a true horizontal position, where the cap features a marked target on it and on Its underside of the lens is identical in shape to the mirror. However, this document seems to refer to an instrument to determine a point on the vertical that passes through another given point.
Finalmente, el documento GB1387172 enseña un instrumento de medición que comprende un haz de luz, una fuente de luz que dirige un rayo láser a lo largo del haz de luz, y por lo menos un deflector de luz para dirigir el rayo láser sobre un poste de medición. Finally, GB1387172 teaches a measuring instrument comprising a light beam, a light source that directs a laser beam along the light beam, and at least one light deflector for directing the laser beam onto a pole measurement.
De acuerdo con la información anterior, es evidente para un experto en la materia que en el estado del arte existe una necesidad por diseñar e implementar un dispositivo que permita realizar un proceso de medición de puntos sobre un terreno, específicamente para aplicaciones de topografía, en donde la medición se pueda realizar de forma adecuada y sin importar si en el terreno se encuentren obstáculos, preferiblemente donde la medición se pueda realizar por medio de los reflejos que se pueden presentar y con el uso de una estación total, como las que se encuentran comercialmente disponibles, donde además se requiere que el aparato o dispositivo sea de fácil uso y mantenimiento y no requiera de elementos adicionales sobre el terreno, diferentes a la estación total para tener la medición adecuada. According to the previous information, it is evident to a person skilled in the art that in the state of the art there is a need to design and implement a device that allows a point measurement process to be carried out on a terrain, specifically for surveying applications, in where the measurement can be carried out adequately and regardless of whether there are obstacles on the ground, preferably where the measurement can be carried out by means of the reflections that can appear and with the use of a total station, such as those found commercially available, where the apparatus or device is also required to be easy to use and maintain and does not require additional elements in the field, other than the total station to have the proper measurement.
RESUMEN DE LA INVENCIÓN SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
En un primer aspecto, la presente invención se refiere a un dispositivo o aparato asistente de estación total para la medición con obstáculos, aplicado a topografía, en donde dicho dispositivo o aparato está compuesto de una base de fijación que permite sujetar el dispositivo de manera firme a un trípode como ocurre en los tránsitos o teodolitos; una base nivelante con la cual se nivela el aparato y que corresponde al mismo componente de los tránsitos o teodolitos; y un cuerpo del aparato o cuerpo principal, el cual está constituido por los sistemas de medición angular los cuales pueden ser sistemas compuestos por piñones o discos de medición, tanto horizontal como vertical, y por una sistema de nivelación, nuevamente, tal y como ocurre en los tránsitos o teodolitos. El dispositivo tiene un punto principal el cual se define como la intersección de los ejes de rotación horizontal y vertical; conservar este punto sin alteraciones es primordial para poder garantizar una medición correcta y acertada. Así las cosas, el cuerpo principal del dispositivo de la presente invención también cuenta con un espejo que refleja el rayo láser, y se complementa con una plomada, que permite determinar el punto P del terreno. Con lo anterior, se puede concluir que el aparato de la presente invención corresponde a un tránsito o teodolito al que se le ha corrido hacia atrás el lente sobre su visual o normal al espejo en el punto de reflexión del espejo, y en el lugar en donde antes estaba la lente se ha montado un espejo. In a first aspect, the present invention refers to an assistant device or apparatus of total station for the measurement with obstacles, applied to topography, where said device or apparatus is composed of a fixing base that allows to hold the device firmly. to a tripod as occurs in transits or theodolites; a leveling base with which the apparatus is leveled and which corresponds to the same component of transits or theodolites; and a body of the apparatus or main body, which is made up of angular measurement systems which can be systems composed of pinions or measurement discs, both horizontal and vertical, and a leveling system, again, as occurs in transits or theodolites. The device has a main point which is defined as the intersection of the horizontal and vertical axes of rotation; Keeping this point unchanged is essential to guarantee a correct and accurate measurement. Thus, the main body of the device of the present invention also has a mirror that reflects the laser beam, and is complemented by a plumb line, which allows determining the point P of the terrain. With the foregoing, it can be concluded that the apparatus of the present invention corresponds to a transit or theodolite to which the lens has been run backwards on its visual or normal to the mirror at the point of reflection of the mirror, and in the place where Where the lens used to be, a mirror has been mounted.
De este modo, el dispositivo o aparato de la presente invención se arma en un punto P del terreno, desde el cual se puede visualizar tanto la estación total E, como el punto A no visible desde E, tal como se ilustra en la Figura 1 adjunta, y de este modo, por medio del uso del espejo que se encuentra en la parte superior del cuerpo principal se puede reflejar el rayo y realizar la medición con la estación total en E y el aparato de la invención en P, de forma adecuada y precisa, resolviendo de manera contundente y rigurosa el problema existente en el estado del arte, tal como se mencionó previamente. Thus, the device or apparatus of the present invention is assembled at a point P on the ground, from which both the total station E and point A not visible from E can be viewed, as illustrated in Figure 1 attached, and thus, through the use of the mirror located on the upper part of the main body, the ray can be reflected and the measurement can be carried out with the total station in E and the apparatus of the invention in P, suitably and precise, solving in a forceful and rigorous way the existing problem in the state of the art, as previously mentioned.
De este modo, la presente invención permite obtener una ventaja sobre los métodos existentes en el estado del arte, toda vez que es un dispositivo que, por ejemplo, permite la localización de un punto en el terreno sin necesidad de utilizar cinta, como en las estacas de chaflán. Además, se puede hacer una poligonal abierta o cerrada con una sola armada de la estación total, es decir, sin necesidad de armar la estación total en cada vértice de esa poligonal, al tiempo que estas poligonales serían de una alta precisión. In this way, the present invention allows obtaining an advantage over the existing methods in the state of the art, since it is a device that, for example, allows the location of a point on the ground without the need to use tape, as in the chamfer stakes. In addition, an open or closed traverse can be made with a single assembly of the total station, that is, without the need to arm the total station at each vertex of that traverse, at the same time that these traverse would be of high precision.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La presente invención se entiende de forma más clara a partir de las siguientes figuras donde se muestran los componentes asociados al presente dispositivo, así como los elementos novedosos con respecto al estado del arte, en donde, las figuras no pretenden limitar el alcance de la invención, el cual está dado únicamente por las reivindicaciones adjuntas, en donde: The present invention is understood more clearly from the following figures where the components associated with the present device are shown, as well as the novel elements with respect to the state of the art, where the figures are not intended to limit the scope of the invention , which is given only by the appended claims, wherein:
FIG. 1 corresponde a un gráfico de esquema que muestra la ubicación, en el punto P, del aparato de la presente invención para ser usado en conjunto con una estación total, en el punto E, y así permitir la determinación de un punto específico A que está siendo bloqueado por un obstáculo O. FIG. 2 corresponde a una vista en perspectiva del aparato de la presente invención, donde el lente y su respectivo soporte se encuentran desacoplados de todo el cuerpo principal del dispositivo. FIG. 1 corresponds to a schematic graph showing the location, at point P, of the apparatus of the present invention to be used in conjunction with a total station, at point E, and thus allow the determination of a specific point A that is being blocked by an obstacle O. FIG. 2 corresponds to a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention, where the lens and its respective support are decoupled from the entire main body of the device.
FIG. 3 corresponde a una vista en perspectiva del aparato de la presente invención, donde todos los elementos se encuentran acoplados. FIG. 3 corresponds to a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention, where all the elements are coupled.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Como se muestra en la Figura 1 , el dispositivo de la presente invención corresponde a un aparato P auxiliar o asistente para la medición de puntos en un terreno específico, aplicado a topografía, en donde el dispositivo se complementa con la estación total E, con el fin de medir las coordenadas de un punto A (o de materializar unas coordenadas dadas, en el caso de localización) que se encuentra tapado o que no tiene línea de visión directa gracias a la existencia de un obstáculo O. Preferiblemente, el dispositivo de la invención es denominado un pazómetro, tal como puede ser claro para el experto en la materia. As shown in Figure 1, the device of the present invention corresponds to an auxiliary or assistant apparatus P for the measurement of points in a specific terrain, applied to topography, where the device is complemented by the total station E, with the In order to measure the coordinates of a point A (or to materialize given coordinates, in the case of location) that is covered or that does not have a direct line of sight due to the existence of an obstacle O. Preferably, the device of the Invention is called a pazometer, as may be clear to the person skilled in the art.
Así las cosas, una vez armada la estación total E y el aparato P de la presente invención, tal como se ilustra en la figura 1 , y con el lente de la estación total dirigido hacia el pazómetro, se dirige a su vez la lente del pazómetro a la estación total y se halla la distancia EP; a partir de EP se miden los ángulos horizontal y vertical de la line PA girando la lente del pazómetro; luego devolvemos la lente del pazómetro nuevamente a la estación total y habiéndolo fijado sobre la línea EP nuevamente, se coloca el espejo en su lugar y se enciende el puntero láser de la estación total E generando así un rayo incidente y otro reflejado en dicho espejo (34). Thus, once the total station E and the apparatus P of the present invention have been assembled, as illustrated in Figure 1, and with the lens of the total station directed towards the pazometer, the lens of the pazometer to the total station and find the distance EP; from EP, the horizontal and vertical angles of the line PA are measured by rotating the lens of the pazometer; then we return the lens of the pazometer again to the total station and having fixed it on the EP line again, the mirror is placed in its place and the laser pointer of the total station E is turned on, thus generating an incident beam and another reflected in said mirror ( 3. 4).
Luego, el puntero láser permite que este rayo sea visible físicamente, lo cual posibilita al operario del aparato de la invención P dirigir, con la ayuda del operario del prisma, el rayo reflejado, al prisma colocado en el punto a determinar A. así, la manera de dirigir el rayo reflejado al punto central del prisma es rotando el espejo (34). El espejo (34) tiene dos rotaciones posibles: rotación sobre el eje horizontal que genera ángulos verticales, y la rotación sobre el eje vertical que genera ángulos horizontales, al igual que cuando se gira el lente en los tránsitos y teodolitos. De esta forma, y al igual que en los tránsitos y teodolitos comercialmente disponibles, el aparato de la invención P permite unos movimientos muy finos del espejo (34) en su rotación, además de permitir también la lectura de los ángulos horizontal y verticales correspondientes. The laser pointer then allows this beam to be physically visible, which enables the operator of the apparatus of the invention P to direct, with the help of the prism operator, the reflected beam to the prism positioned at the point to be determined A. thus, the way to direct the reflected beam to the central point of the prism is by rotating the mirror (34). The mirror (34) has two possible rotations: rotation on the horizontal axis that generates vertical angles, and rotation on the vertical axis that generates horizontal angles, just like when the lens is rotated in transits and theodolites. In this way, and as in commercially available transits and theodolites, the apparatus of the invention P allows very fine movements of the mirror (34) in its rotation, in addition to also allowing the reading of the corresponding horizontal and vertical angles.
Finalmente, ya orientado el espejo (34) de tal manera que refleje el rayo al prisma, se apaga el puntero láser y se enciende el rayo láser, encontrando así, la distancia compuesta EPA = EP + PA, en donde EPA corresponde a la distancia definida desde la estación total E al aparato P y luego al punto problema A. Así mismo, EP corresponde a la distancia desde la estación total E al aparato P, y PA corresponde a la distancia del aparato P al punto problema A. Finally, once the mirror (34) is oriented so that it reflects the beam to the prism, the laser pointer turns off and the laser beam turns on, thus finding the composite distance EPA = EP + PA, where EPA corresponds to the distance defined from total station E to device P and then to problem point A. Likewise, EP corresponds to the distance from total station E to device P, and PA corresponds to the distance from device P to problem point A.
De acuerdo con lo anterior, la presente invención está dirigida a un dispositivo o aparato asistente de estación total para medición con obstáculos en topografía, tal como un pazómetro, en donde dicho dispositivo o aparato está caracterizado porque comprende los siguientes componentes o partes: In accordance with the foregoing, the present invention is directed to a total station assistant device or apparatus for surveying obstacles in topography, such as a pazometer, wherein said device or apparatus is characterized in that it comprises the following components or parts:
• una base de fijación (1 ) que se ubica en la parte inferior del dispositivo; • a fixing base (1) located on the bottom of the device;
• una base nivelante (2) que se ubica en la parte superior de la base de fijación • a leveling base (2) that is located on top of the fixing base
(1 ) y que se une a la misma por medio de una serie de tornillos de nivelación(1) and that is attached to it by means of a series of leveling screws
(21 ) que se pueden graduar o no de acuerdo con los requerimientos y las necesidades del usuario final; y (21) that they can be graduated or not according to the requirements and needs of the end user; and
• un cuerpo principal (3) que se ubica encima de la base nivelante (2) y el cual está compuesto por: • a main body (3) that is located above the leveling base (2) and which is composed of:
o un sistema de medición angular horizontal y vertical, or a horizontal and vertical angular measurement system,
o un lente de teodolito (36) soportado por un soporte de lente (361 ) ubicado en el cuerpo principal (3) or a theodolite lens (36) supported by a lens holder (361) located in the main body (3)
o un soporte de superficie reflectante o espejo (34) or a reflective or mirror surface mount (34)
o una superficie reflectante o espejo (34) ubicado en el centro óptico del dispositivo. or a reflective or mirror surface (34) located in the optical center of the device.
Así las cosas, en una modalidad preferida de la invención, el lente de teodolito (36), que forma parte del cuerpo principal (3), cuando se encuentra en su posición retrotraída conserva la perpendicularidad con la superficie reflectante o espejo (34), en el punto principal del dispositivo. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the theodolite lens (36), which forms part of the main body (3), when in its retracted position, retains perpendicularity with the reflective or mirror surface (34), at the main point of the device.
De otra parte, la superficie reflectante o espejo (34) de la presente invención, apunta a la bisectriz del ángulo formado por las distancias EP y PA, cuando se encuentra en uso. Del mismo modo, el soporte de la superficie reflectante o espejo (34) comprende una burbuja de nivelación en la parte superior de dicho soporte. On the other hand, the reflective surface or mirror (34) of the present invention points to the bisector of the angle formed by the distances EP and PA, when in use. Likewise, the support of the reflective or mirror surface (34) comprises a leveling bubble in the upper part of said support.
En una modalidad de la presente invención, la base de fijación (1 ) y la base nivelante (2) del dispositivo o aparato acá definido, tienen cualquier forma geométrica, preferiblemente de triángulo. In an embodiment of the present invention, the fixing base (1) and the leveling base (2) of the device or apparatus defined herein have any geometric shape, preferably a triangle.
Sumado a lo anterior, el cuerpo principal (3) de la presente invención además comprende una burbuja de nivelación (33) ubicada en la parte superior del disco de medición horizontal (31 ), donde dicha burbuja de nivelación (33) permite, como su nombre lo indica, nivelar el dispositivo de acuerdo con una superficie donde se ubique y teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos del usuario. In addition to the above, the main body (3) of the present invention also comprises a leveling bubble (33) located on the upper part of the horizontal measurement disc (31), where said leveling bubble (33) allows, as its name indicates, level the device according to a surface where it is located and taking into account the user's requirements.
En una modalidad preferida, el cuerpo principal (3) además comprende una plomada de punto, la cual se ubica en la parte inferior del mencionado cuerpo (3), donde dicha plomada de punto permite estabilizar el dispositivo o ubicarlo en la posición adecuada. In a preferred embodiment, the main body (3) further comprises a point plumb, which is located in the lower part of said body (3), where said point plumb allows the device to be stabilized or located in the appropriate position.
Finalmente, de forma preferida, el soporte del espejo (34) del dispositivo de la presente invención, tiene una rotación sobre el eje horizontal para ángulos verticales, y una rotación sobre el eje vertical para ángulos horizontales, donde dichas rotaciones son diferentes. Finally, preferably, the mirror support (34) of the device of the present invention has a rotation on the horizontal axis for vertical angles, and a rotation on the vertical axis for horizontal angles, where said rotations are different.
La descripción hecha hasta ahora corresponde a una o varias modalidades de la presente invención y no es ni pretende ser de alguna manera limitante del alcance de la presente solicitud, de acuerdo a como se establece y define en el capítulo reivindicatorío adjunto. The description made so far corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present invention and is not and is not intended to be in any way limiting the scope of the present application, as established and defined in the attached claim chapter.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . Un dispositivo o aparato asistente de estación total para medición con obstáculos en topografía, caracterizado porque comprende: one . A total station assistant device or apparatus for surveying obstacles in topography, characterized in that it comprises:
• una base de fijación (1 ) ubicada en la parte inferior del dispositivo; • a fixing base (1) located on the bottom of the device;
• una base nivelante (2) ubicada en la parte superior de la base de fijación (1 ); • a leveling base (2) located on top of the fixing base (1);
• un cuerpo principal (3) ubicado encima de la base nivelante (2) y compuesto por: • a main body (3) located above the leveling base (2) and consisting of:
o sistema de medición angular horizontal (31 ) y vertical (32), o un lente de teodolito (36) soportado por un soporte de lente (361 ) o un soporte de superficie reflectante o espejo (34) o horizontal (31) and vertical (32) angular measurement system, o a theodolite lens (36) supported by a lens holder (361) or a reflective or mirror surface mount (34)
o una superficie reflectante o espejo (34) ubicado en el centro óptico del dispositivo. or a reflective or mirror surface (34) located in the optical center of the device.
2. Un dispositivo o aparato asistente de estación total para medición con obstáculos en topografía, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 donde el lente de teodolito (36) retrotraído conserva la perpendicularidad con la superficie reflectante o espejo (34), en el punto principal del dispositivo. A total station assist device or apparatus for surveying obstacles in topography, according to claim 1 wherein the retracted theodolite lens (36) retains perpendicularity to the reflective or mirror surface (34) at the main point of the device.
3. Un dispositivo o aparato asistente de estación total para medición con obstáculos en topografía, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 donde la superficie reflectante o espejo (34) apunta a la bisectriz del ángulo formado por las distancias EP y PA. 3. A total station assistant device or apparatus for surveying obstacles in topography, according to claim 1 where the reflective or mirror surface (34) points to the bisector of the angle formed by the distances EP and PA.
4. Un dispositivo o aparato asistente de estación total para medición con obstáculos en topografía de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 donde el soporte de la superficie reflectante o espejo (34) comprende una burbuja de nivelación en la parte superior del mismo. 4. A total station assistant device or apparatus for surveying obstacles in topography according to claim 1 wherein the reflective or mirror surface support (34) comprises a leveling bubble on top of it.
5. El dispositivo de acuerdo con la reivindicación 3, caracterizado porque la base de fijación (1 ) y la base nivelante (2) tienen forma de triángulo. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixing base (1) and the leveling base (2) are triangle-shaped.
6. El dispositivo de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el cuerpo principal (3) comprende una burbuja de nivelación (33) ubicada en la parte superior del disco de medición horizontal (31 ). 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the main body (3) comprises a leveling bubble (33) located in the upper part of the horizontal measurement disk (31).
7. El dispositivo de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el cuerpo principal (3) comprende una plomada de punto ubicada en la parte inferior de dicho cuerpo (3). 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the main body (3) comprises a point plumb bob located at the bottom of said body (3).
8. El dispositivo de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el soporte del espejo (34) tiene una rotación sobre el eje horizontal para ángulos verticales, y una rotación sobre el eje vertical para ángulos horizontales. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mirror support (34) has a rotation about the horizontal axis for vertical angles, and a rotation about the vertical axis for horizontal angles.
PCT/IB2019/060252 2018-11-28 2019-11-27 Auxiliary apparatus for a total station for measuring with obstacles, applied to topography WO2020110043A1 (en)

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CONC2018/0012916 2018-11-28
CONC2018/0012916A CO2018012916A1 (en) 2018-11-28 2018-11-28 Total station assistant apparatus for obstacle measurement, applied to topography

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Citations (5)

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US3520611A (en) * 1966-01-10 1970-07-14 Rech Et Const Electroniques S Method and means for incorporating a theodolite or a tachymeter with a telemeter or the like distance-measuring apparatus
US5392521A (en) * 1993-06-10 1995-02-28 Allen; Michael P. Surveyor's prism target
US5949548A (en) * 1997-01-22 1999-09-07 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Height sensing measurement device
EP2103902B1 (en) * 2008-03-21 2012-05-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon Surveying Device and Surveying System
JP2017058556A (en) * 2015-09-17 2017-03-23 株式会社トプコン Polygon mirror, fan beam output device, and measurement system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3520611A (en) * 1966-01-10 1970-07-14 Rech Et Const Electroniques S Method and means for incorporating a theodolite or a tachymeter with a telemeter or the like distance-measuring apparatus
US5392521A (en) * 1993-06-10 1995-02-28 Allen; Michael P. Surveyor's prism target
US5949548A (en) * 1997-01-22 1999-09-07 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Height sensing measurement device
EP2103902B1 (en) * 2008-03-21 2012-05-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon Surveying Device and Surveying System
JP2017058556A (en) * 2015-09-17 2017-03-23 株式会社トプコン Polygon mirror, fan beam output device, and measurement system

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