WO2020107540A1 - 一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具 - Google Patents

一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020107540A1
WO2020107540A1 PCT/CN2018/120871 CN2018120871W WO2020107540A1 WO 2020107540 A1 WO2020107540 A1 WO 2020107540A1 CN 2018120871 W CN2018120871 W CN 2018120871W WO 2020107540 A1 WO2020107540 A1 WO 2020107540A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mold
thin
forming
groove
quenching
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/120871
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苑世剑
何祝斌
凡晓波
林艳丽
王国峰
亓昌
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Publication date
Application filed by Dalian University of Technology filed Critical Dalian University of Technology
Priority to AU2018451202A priority Critical patent/AU2018451202B2/en
Publication of WO2020107540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020107540A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/01—Selection of materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/02—Die constructions enabling assembly of the die parts in different ways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/08—Dies with different parts for several steps in a process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mold for forming sheet metal parts, in particular to a mold capable of rapidly forming and quenching metal sheet parts in the mold.
  • heat treatable metal plate parts such as 2000 series, 6000 series, 7000 series aluminum alloy plates, 22MnB5 boron steel plates
  • it is usually necessary to heat treat and strengthen the formed parts for aluminum alloy plates, the solution hardening is first formed Supersaturated solid solution, and then artificial precipitation precipitation strengthening; for 22MnB5 boron steel plate, first heat to maintain austenite, and then quickly quenched to form martensite.
  • the metal sheet parts need to undergo multiple heating and cooling during the heat treatment process, the shape and size of the parts are prone to change due to the effects of uneven thermal expansion and contraction and thermal stress and internal stress.
  • cooling water is passed directly into the closed upper and lower molds to reduce the mold temperature and the cold mold is used to achieve rapid cooling of the parts.
  • the temperature of the hot slab and the cold upper and lower molds will soon drop after contact.
  • the process must be completed in a short time (1 ⁇ 3 seconds), which puts high requirements on the forming equipment. More importantly, the metal slab in the cold state and the hot state are in local contact for most of the time.
  • the temperature distribution on the metal slab at a certain point in the forming process is often not conducive to the smooth formation of the entire part, which is easy to cause local Forming defects such as wrinkling and cracking. Therefore, this method is difficult to be used for forming complex-shaped sheet metal parts.
  • the invention patent proposes the use of cold mold and hot mold composite
  • the solution is to use the hot lower mold to slow down the temperature of the metal slab during the forming process to successfully complete the forming of the part, and then use the cold upper mold to achieve rapid cooling of the hot part after forming.
  • This method can reduce the mutual influence of hot forming and cooling and quenching process to a certain extent, but it still requires the hot forming process to be completed at a faster speed, and also needs to adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the formed parts and the cold state The molds are in good contact for effective quenching. This largely limits the application of this method.
  • the present invention is to solve the problem that the hot metal plate is likely to appear when the forming molds are all cold (hot stamping) or one side of the mold is cold (cold and hot composite mold forming) in the existing hot forming process of metal sheet parts
  • the local temperature of the billet drops rapidly, which affects the forming performance of the sheet.
  • the forming process and the quenching process are mutually coupled, affect each other, and cannot be reasonably coordinated.
  • a mold for rapid in-mold forming and quenching is proposed.
  • a mold for rapid in-mold forming and quenching includes an internal solid core 1, a blank holder 8 and a lower mold 10.
  • the internal solid core 1 moves up and down inside the blank holder 8; the lower surface of the internal solid core 1
  • a plurality of upper grooves 6 are opened, and each upper groove 6 is separated and communicated with the standing rib 4 of the integral structure of the internal solid core 1;
  • the upper surface of the internal solid core 1 is opened to lead into the upper groove 6 Hole 2 and upper lead-out hole 5, upper lead-in hole 2 is used to fill low-temperature medium into upper trench 6, upper lead-out hole 5 is used to lead out the low-temperature medium after heat exchange;
  • the surface of upper trench 6 is covered with upper thin-walled skin 3, It is fixed on the inner solid core 1; the lower surface of the upper thin-walled skin 3 is attached to the upper surface of the hot metal slab 9, and the hot metal slab 9 is rapidly cooled and quenched after the forming is completed.
  • the inner surface of the lower mold 10 is provided with a lower groove 12.
  • the layout of the lower groove 12 is the same as that of the upper groove 6. Its surface is covered with a lower thin-walled skin 13 and fixed on the inner surface of the lower mold 10; the lower mold 10 A lower inlet hole 14 and a lower outlet hole 15 leading to the lower groove 12 are opened on the upper side, the lower inlet hole 14 is used to inject the low-temperature medium 7 into the lower groove 12, and the lower outlet hole 15 is used to reduce the temperature after heat exchange
  • the lower surface of the upper thin-walled skin 3 and the upper surface of the lower thin-walled skin 13 are in contact with the hot metal slab 9 at the same time, and the surface of the hot metal slab 9 is quickly cooled to complete quenching.
  • the shape and size of the outer surface of the thin-walled skin are the same as the shape and size of the parts to be formed.
  • the selected material is stainless steel plate, high-temperature alloy plate or titanium alloy plate with a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • the standing ribs 4 are in close contact and do not deform during the contact with the hot metal slab 9.
  • the depth of the groove is 2-10 mm, and the distance between adjacent standing ribs 4 is 5-30 mm.
  • a mold for rapid in-mold forming and quenching, its working process is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the material type, complexity, and precision requirements of the parts to be formed, select the metal sheet of the corresponding type and thickness as the thin-walled skin, and the blank of the corresponding material as the internal solid core 1;
  • Step 2 Prepare the internal solid mold core 1 and machine the upper groove 3 on its surface, and process the inlet hole 2 and the upper outlet hole 5 on the side wall;
  • Step 3 The metal thin plate is prepared into a thin-walled skin matched with the internal solid core 1;
  • Step 4 Connect the thin-walled skin to the internal solid mold core 1 to form a combined forming mold
  • Step 5 Place the heated hot metal slab 9 on the forming mold quickly, and close the mold to complete the forming of the part;
  • Step 6 Keep the mold closed, and quickly pass the low-temperature medium 7 into the channel formed by the thin-walled skin and the internal solid core 1;
  • Step 7 After maintaining the mold clamping state for a certain period of time, open the forming mold and take out the formed parts.
  • the mold for rapid in-mold forming and quenching of the present invention can ensure that the heat on the hot metal slab will not be transferred away and affect the part forming in the forming stage ;
  • the quenching stage the rapid heat transfer between the hot metal slab and the low temperature medium can be achieved through the thin-walled skin, and the rapid cooling and quenching of the hot metal slab can be achieved.
  • Both the forming stage and the quenching stage can be completed in a sufficiently long time interval.
  • the forming process and the cooling process have little influence on each other, so the forming of complex parts and their effective quenching can be achieved.
  • the skin is thin and the heat capacity is small, to avoid the cooling of the hot slab during forming: the mold of the present invention that realizes rapid in-mold forming and quenching, because the skin is very thin and the heat capacity is small, in the forming stage, when After the hot metal slab is in contact with the skin, it will not conduct much heat away from the hot metal slab, and will not cause a rapid decrease in the temperature of the hot metal slab.
  • the use of this mold structure can not only avoid the temperature drop of the hot metal slab due to the cold mold contact and affect its forming performance, but also avoid the local temperature drop on the hot metal slab and cause an unreasonable temperature distribution. Therefore, the hot metal slab can be deformed under sufficiently high temperature and reasonable temperature distribution conditions.
  • the mold core uses common mold materials: the mold of the present invention that realizes rapid prototyping and quenching in the mold.
  • the internal solid core does not directly contact the hot metal slab, and no serious friction and wear will occur; the internal solid mold The core is only exposed to the contact pressure from the thin-walled skin, and it is not required to have a high compressive strength. Therefore, the internal solid mold core can be made of ordinary cast iron materials. In the trial production stage of the prototype or when the forming quality is not high, hard plastic or wood materials can also be used. With this mold structure, the processing of the internal solid core is very easy, which can greatly shorten the mold design and processing cycle, and greatly reduce the mold manufacturing cost.
  • Adopt common processing equipment the mold of the invention for rapid in-mold forming and quenching, the wall thickness of the skin is only 0.2 ⁇ 0.5mm, and the thin solid wall blank can be directly pressed by the internal solid core to obtain the need The ultimate thin-walled skin. Because thin sheet blanks with high surface quality are used to process the skin, there is no need to use precision processing equipment to ensure the surface roughness of the skin. With this mold structure, it is only necessary to roughly shape the shape of the internal solid core, without the use of precision milling machines and grinders, so the mold manufacturing cycle can be greatly shortened and the mold manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.
  • the mold of the present invention that realizes rapid in-mold forming and quenching, because the thin-walled skin and the internal solid core are split combined structures, there is no connection or simple connection between the two, the thin-walled skin Can be quickly removed from the internal solid core.
  • this mold structure it is possible to avoid reprocessing the entire mold due to local wear of the mold cavity or unreasonable local design.
  • the thin-walled skin has problems such as wear, improper thickness or inappropriate material, it is also very easy to replace the thin-walled skin.
  • the groove is filled with heat-insulating material to further prevent the temperature drop: a mold for rapid prototyping and quenching in the mold of the present invention is introduced into the groove between the thin-walled skin and the solid core in the forming stage Certain pressure gas such as air and nitrogen. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of the gas, the effective separation of the thin-walled skin and the solid core can be achieved, and a large amount of heat exchange between the thin-walled skin after being heated by the hot metal slab and the solid core and the solid core can be avoided, thereby ensuring the hot state The heat of the metal slab will no longer be transferred in large quantities and cause a temperature drop.
  • Certain pressure gas such as air and nitrogen. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of the gas, the effective separation of the thin-walled skin and the solid core can be achieved, and a large amount of heat exchange between the thin-walled skin after being heated by the hot metal slab and the solid core and the solid core can be avoided, thereby ensuring the hot state The heat of the metal slab will no longer be transferred in large quantities
  • the skin is thin and the heat capacity is small, which can realize rapid cooling and quenching: the mold of the present invention that realizes rapid in-mold forming and quenching, because the skin is very thin and the heat capacity is small, in the quenching stage, the hot metal plate
  • the heat on the blank can be quickly transferred to the low-temperature medium on the other side through the thin-walled skin, and is quickly transferred with the flow of the low-temperature medium.
  • Thin and thick plates can be formed: the mold of the present invention that realizes rapid in-mold forming and quenching, the temperature of the metal slab during the forming stage does not decrease rapidly, and the material has a lower temperature in the hot state Flow stress and high forming performance can have enough time to form parts with complex shapes; due to the rapid heat exchange between the low-temperature medium and the hot parts during the quenching stage, a sufficiently high cooling rate and effective quenching can be achieved. Therefore, this mold structure can be used not only for medium-thickness plates (thickness 0.5-5.0mm), but also for the forming and quenching of thin plates (thickness 0.2-0.5mm) and thick plates (thickness 5-20mm).
  • the thin-walled skin can be reasonably selected according to the material type, wall thickness, forming temperature, etc. of the formed metal slab
  • the metal slab forming temperature is 200 ⁇ 450°C (such as aluminum alloy slab)
  • 304 or 306 stainless steel sheet can be used as the thin-wall skin
  • the metal slab forming temperature is 500 ⁇ 900°C (such as high strength steel 22MnB5)
  • TC4 or TA2 titanium alloy sheet or GH4169 high-temperature alloy sheet can be used as the thin-walled skin.
  • the mold of the present invention that realizes rapid in-mold forming and quenching can be formed between the thin-walled skin and the solid core according to the quenching requirements of the formed metal slab
  • Different low-temperature media are introduced into the tank.
  • ice water with a temperature of 5 ⁇ 10°C can be passed into the groove; when the wall thickness of the metal slab is thick, the temperature can be passed through the groove -50 ⁇ -100°C cold air or liquid nitrogen at -196°C.
  • this mold structure it can meet the quenching requirements of metal slabs with different materials and different wall thicknesses, and has a wide range of applicable materials and parts.
  • the cooling channel is composed of surface grooves and skins, because the surface grooves are easy to process, so Grooves with specific shapes and sizes can be machined on the surface of the internal solid core as required and arranged as required.
  • this mold structure different temperature distributions can be achieved in different regions on the thin-walled skin during the quenching stage, thereby achieving different cooling rates in different regions on the hot metal parts. This is by controlling the quenching of different regions on the metal parts The effect and obtaining different distribution of mechanical properties provide the possibility.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a mold for realizing rapid prototyping and quenching in a mold of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second mold of a mold for realizing in-mold rapid forming and quenching according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 4(a) to (d) are working principle diagrams of a second mold of the mold for realizing in-mold rapid forming and quenching according to the present invention.
  • the forming mold includes an upper mold and a lower mold, and the lower mold is a traditional overall structure;
  • the upper mold is a combined structure and is composed of thin-walled masks.
  • the skin and the internal solid core are composed of a thin-walled skin tightly wrapped on the internal solid core; (3) The outer surface shape and size of the thin-walled skin are the same as the parts; (4) The surface of the internal solid core is provided with a stand The ribs and the interconnected grooves form a specific channel after the thin-walled skin contacts the groove; (5) The internal solid mold core is provided with a medium introduction hole and a discharge hole, and is connected to the channel formed by the skin and the groove .
  • Step 1 According to the material type, complexity and precision requirements of the metal sheet parts to be formed, select the metal sheet of the corresponding type and thickness as the skin and the blank of the corresponding material as the solid core;
  • Step 2 Prepare an internal solid core and process grooves on its surface, and process inlet holes and outlet holes on its side walls;
  • Step 3 Prepare the thin-walled skin blank into a thin-walled skin that matches the internal solid core
  • Step 4 Connect the thin-walled skin to the internal solid mold core to form a combined forming mold
  • Step 5 Place the heated metal slab on the forming mold quickly, and close the mold to complete the forming of the part;
  • Step 6 Keep the mold closed, and quickly pass the low-temperature medium into the channel formed by the thin-walled skin and the internal solid mold core;
  • Step 7 After maintaining the mold clamping state for a certain period of time, open the forming mold and take out the formed parts.
  • the forming mold includes an upper mold and a lower mold, and the upper mold and the lower mold are combined structures; (2) The upper mold and the lower mold The mold is composed of a thin-walled skin and an internal solid core. The thin-walled skin is tightly wrapped on the internal solid core; (3) The outer surface shape and size of the thin-walled skin are the same as the parts; (4) The inner solid core The surface is provided with standing ribs and interconnected grooves, and the thin-walled skin contacts the groove to form a specific channel; (5) The internal solid core is provided with a medium introduction hole and a discharge hole, and is formed with the skin and the groove Is connected.
  • the forming die is composed of an upper die and a lower die.
  • the metal slab can be formed by the joint action of the upper die and the lower die, which can achieve a situation where the shape is complicated, and it is impossible or difficult to ensure the shape accuracy of the part shape only by the upper die.
  • the hot metal slab When the hot metal slab is in close contact with the upper mold and the lower mold, and a low temperature medium is passed into the upper mold and the lower mold for cooling, the hot metal slab will achieve rapid cooling through the thin-walled skin that contacts the upper and lower surfaces of the hot metal slab. Get a higher cooling rate. Therefore, effective quenching of metal slabs with a wall thickness of 5 mm or more can be achieved.
  • Embodiment 3 In conjunction with FIGS. 1 to 4, a mold for rapid in-mold forming and quenching is described.
  • the thin-walled skin in the combined mold adopts good thermal conductivity, small heat capacity, high strength and wear resistance.
  • the metal thin plate such as stainless steel plate, high temperature alloy plate or titanium alloy plate, etc.
  • the thickness of the thin-walled skin is 0.2 ⁇ 0.5mm, the thin-walled skin closely contacts the standing rib of the internal solid core and does not occur during the contact with the metal slab Deformed. Otherwise, it is the same as the first and second embodiments.
  • the temperature of the skin will rise quickly when the hot metal slab is in contact with the skin during the forming stage, but it will not conduct much away from the hot metal slab The heat will not cause the temperature of the hot metal slab to drop rapidly.
  • the hot metal slab can be deformed under sufficiently high temperature and reasonable temperature distribution conditions.
  • step 1 the internal solid core mold in the combined mold adopts ordinary cast iron, hard plastic or wood material. Otherwise, it is the same as the first and second embodiments.
  • the internal solid core does not directly contact with the hot metal slab, there will be no serious friction and wear; because the internal solid core only receives the contact pressure from the thin-walled skin, it is only required to have a certain compressive strength. Therefore, the internal solid core can be made of ordinary cast iron. In the stage of prototype production or when the forming quality is not high, hard plastic or wood materials can be used. Using this mold structure can greatly shorten the mold design and processing cycle, and greatly reduce mold manufacturing costs.
  • a mold for rapid in-mold forming and quenching in step three, either a solid core mold without surface ribs and grooves can be used to press the thin-walled skin blank, or it can be processed out
  • the solid core mold of the standing ribs and grooves is used to press the thin-walled skin blank to obtain the required thin-walled skin. Otherwise, it is the same as the first and second embodiments.
  • the wall thickness of the skin is only 0.2 ⁇ 0.5mm, and the internal solid core mold can be used to directly press the thin-walled skin blank to obtain the required final thin-walled skin. Due to the use of thin sheet blanks with very high surface quality to process the skin, it is only necessary to process the shape of the internal solid mandrel at first, and there is no need to use precision milling and grinding machines to ensure the surface roughness of the skin. Using this mold structure can greatly shorten the mold manufacturing cycle and greatly reduce the mold manufacturing cost.
  • a mold for rapid in-mold forming and quenching in step 4, there is no connection between the thin-walled skin and the internal solid core mold, or 0.5 ⁇ 1.0 is set on the standing rib of the solid core mold
  • the sealing material of mm achieves the tight fit of the groove and the skin. Otherwise, it is the same as the first and second embodiments.
  • the thin-walled skin and the internal solid core are of a split combination structure, there is no connection or only a simple connection between the two, and the thin-walled skin can be quickly removed from the internal solid core.
  • this mold structure it is possible to avoid the waste caused by the need to replace the entire mold due to local friction and wear of the mold cavity or unreasonable local design.
  • the thin-walled skin has problems such as friction and wear, inappropriate thickness or inappropriate materials, it is also very easy to replace the thin-walled skin.
  • the groove is filled with a certain pressure of gas. Otherwise, it is the same as the first and second embodiments.
  • a certain pressure of gas such as air and nitrogen is introduced into the groove between the thin-walled skin and the solid core. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of the gas, the thin-walled skin can be effectively separated from the solid core, to avoid a large amount of heat exchange between the thin-walled skin after being heated by the hot slab and the solid core, and thus to ensure the heat during the forming stage The heat of the slab will no longer be transferred in large quantities and cause a temperature drop.
  • a mold for rapid in-mold forming and quenching, in steps 5 to 7, the original thickness of the metal slab can be changed from 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm. Otherwise, it is the same as the first and second embodiments.
  • this mold structure can be used not only for medium-thickness plates (thickness 0.5-5.0mm), but also for the forming and quenching of thick plates (thickness 5-20mm) and thin plates (thickness 0.2-0.5mm).
  • step 1 to step 4 the material of the thin-walled skin is stainless steel sheet, titanium alloy sheet or high-temperature alloy sheet. Otherwise, it is the same as the first and second embodiments.
  • the beneficial effect of this embodiment is that the thin-walled skin can be reasonably selected according to the material type, wall thickness, forming temperature, etc. of the formed metal slab, when the forming temperature of the metal slab is 200 ⁇ 450°C (such as aluminum alloy slab) 304 or 306 stainless steel sheet can be used as the thin-walled skin.
  • the forming temperature of the metal slab is 500 ⁇ 900°C (such as high-strength steel 22MnB5), TC4 or TA2 titanium alloy sheet or GH4169 high-temperature alloy sheet can be used as the thin-walled skin.
  • this mold structure it is possible to form thin-walled parts of different metals with a wide range of applicable materials.
  • a mold for rapid in-mold forming and quenching in step 6, keep the mold closed and quickly pass a low-temperature medium into the channel formed by the thin-walled skin and the internal solid core, such as the temperature is 5-20°C cold water or liquid nitrogen. Otherwise, it is the same as the first and second embodiments.
  • the wall thickness of the metal slab When the wall thickness of the metal slab is thin, ice water with a temperature of 5 ⁇ 10°C can be passed into the groove; when the wall thickness of the metal slab is thick, the temperature can be passed through the groove -50 ⁇ -100°C cold air or liquid nitrogen at -196°C. Due to the thin skin thickness and small heat capacity, during the quenching stage, when a low-temperature medium is introduced into the groove between the thin-walled skin and the inner solid core, the temperature of the thin-walled skin will rapidly decrease. Due to the good thermal conductivity of the skin, the heat on the hot metal slab can be quickly transferred to the low-temperature medium on the other side through the thin-walled skin, and it can be continuously and rapidly cooled as the low-temperature medium flows. Using this mold structure, it can meet the quenching requirements of metal slabs with different materials and different wall thicknesses, and has a wide range of applicable materials and parts.
  • step two in a mold for rapid in-mold forming and quenching, in step two, several grooves processed on the surface of the inner solid core have different geometric sizes and irregular distribution. Otherwise, it is the same as the first and second embodiments.
  • grooves on the surface of the solid core are easy to process, grooves with specific shapes and geometric dimensions can be processed on the surface of the internal solid core and arranged as required.
  • the low-temperature medium in each groove can pass the same or Different import and export holes.
  • different temperature distributions can be achieved in the groove formed by the thin-walled skin and the inner core mold, thereby achieving different cooling rates on the hot metal parts, which is flexible to control the quenching of various regions on the metal parts The effect and obtaining different distribution of mechanical properties provide the possibility.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，包括上模具、压边圈（8）和下模具。上模具由内部实体模芯（1）和薄壁蒙皮（3）组成，内部实体模芯与薄壁蒙皮之间存在相互连通的沟槽（6）。成形阶段，沟槽内无填充或填充气体等隔热材料，淬火阶段，向沟槽内通入低温介质。该模具成形和淬火相互独立；蒙皮壁薄且热容小，既可避免成形时热量的快速散失，又可确保淬火时板坯的快速降温。

Description

一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属板材零件成形用模具，具体涉及一种能够实现金属板材零件在模具内快速成形和淬火的模具。
 背景技术
对于可热处理强化的金属板材零件（如2000系、6000系、7000系铝合金板材、22MnB5硼钢板材），通常需要对成形后的零件进行热处理强化（对于铝合金板材，先进行固溶淬火形成过饱和固溶体，然后人工时效析出强化；对于22MnB5硼钢板材，先加热保温以奥氏体化，然后快冷淬火形成马氏体）。但是，由于热处理过程中金属板材零件需要经历多次加热和冷却，在此过程中由于不均匀热胀冷缩及热应力、内应力的作用，零件的形状尺寸极易发生变化。为了防止或控制热处理强化过程中零件的形状尺寸变化，往往需要采用复杂的约束工装对板材零件进行限制，或者在热处理强化结束后再进行校形。这种额外增加的后续处理必然导致成形工序复杂、零件形状尺寸精度一致性差、成形效率低。对于形状复杂的零件，即使经过上述处理，也往往无法达到要求的形状尺寸精度。
为了避免热处理过程对零件形状尺寸精度的不利影响，出现了一种利用同一套模具实现金属板材成形和热处理的方法，即：利用同一套模具，首先实现金属板材零件的成形以获得需要的形状尺寸，然后在保持模具闭合的情况下进行热处理以获得需要的强度性能。硼钢（如22MnB5）热冲压和铝合金（如6061、7075等）热冲压即属于此类成形技术。热冲压成形时，所使用的上模具和下模具都处于较低的温度（150℃以下）。将加热到一定温度的金属板坯快速放置到模具上并快速合模完成零件成形。在零件成形后，直接向闭合的上下模具中通入冷却水以降低模具温度并利用冷态模具实现零件的快速冷却。在成形过程中，由于热态板坯与冷态的上下模具接触后其温度将很快下降，为了保证金属板坯在成形过程中处于足够高的温度以保证其具有良好的成形性能，要求成形过程必须在很短时间内（1~3秒）完成，这对成形设备提出了很高要求。更为重要的是，冷态模具和热态下金属板坯大部分时间处于局部接触状态，成形过程中某一时刻金属板坯上的温度分布往往并不利于整个零件的顺利成形，易引起局部起皱和开裂等成形缺陷。因此，该方法很难用于复杂形状钣金零件的成形。
为了防止或减弱冷态模具对热态金属板材成形的不利影响，发明专利（专利名称：铝合金钣金件冷热复合模成形方法，专利号：ZL201210124230.X）提出采用冷模具和热模具复合的方案，即利用热态的下模具来减缓成形过程中金属板坯的温度下降以顺利完成零件的成形，然后再利用冷态的上模具来实现成形后热态零件的快速降温。该方法可在一定程度上减小热态成形和冷却淬火过程的互相影响，但是仍然要求热成形过程以较快的速度完成，同时还需要采用必要的措施保证成形后的零件与冷态的上模具完好接触以实现有效淬火。这在很大程度上限制了该方法的应用。
 技术问题
本发明是为解决现有的金属板材零件热态成形过程中，当成形模具全为冷态（热冲压）或某一侧模具为冷态（冷热复合模成形）时容易出现热态金属板坯局部温度快速下降而影响板材成形性能，成形过程和淬火过程相互耦合、相互影响、无法合理协调的问题，提出一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具。
 技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案：
一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，包括内部实体模芯1、压边圈8和下模具10，内部实体模芯1在压边圈8内部上下运动；内部实体模芯1的下表面开有多个上沟槽6，各上沟槽6通过与内部实体模芯1一体结构的立筋4相隔并相通；内部实体模芯1的上表面开有通入至上沟槽6的上导入孔2和上导出孔5，上导入孔2用于向上沟槽6内填充低温介质，上导出孔5用于将换热后的低温介质导出；上沟槽6表面覆盖有上薄壁蒙皮3，固定在内部实体模芯1上；上薄壁蒙皮3的下表面贴于热态金属板坯9上表面，在成形结束后对热态金属板坯9进行快速冷却淬火。
所述的下模具10的内表面设有下沟槽12，下沟槽12的布局形式与上沟槽6相同，其表面覆盖有下薄壁蒙皮13，固定在下模具10的内表面；下模具10上开有通入至下沟槽12的下导入孔14和下导出孔15，下导入孔14用于向下沟槽12内注入低温介质7，下导出孔15用于将换热后的低温介质7导出；在成形结束后，上薄壁蒙皮3的下表面以及下薄壁蒙皮13的上表面同时与热态金属板坯9接触，对热态金属板坯9表面快速降温完成淬火。
所述的薄壁蒙皮的外表面形状尺寸与待成形零件的形状尺寸相同，所选材质为不锈钢板、高温合金板或钛合金板，厚度为0.2~0.5mm，薄壁蒙皮与内部实体模芯1的立筋4紧密接触并在与热态金属板坯9接触过程中不发生变形。
所述的沟槽的深度为2~10mm，相邻立筋4之间的间距为5~30mm。
一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，其工作过程是按照以下步骤进行的：
步骤一、根据待成形零件的材料种类、复杂程度、精度要求等，选择相应种类和厚度的金属薄板作为薄壁蒙皮、相应材质的坯料作为内部实体模芯1；
步骤二、制备内部实体模芯1并在其表面加工出上沟槽3，在其侧壁加工上导入孔2和上导出孔5；
步骤三、将金属薄板制备成与内部实体模芯1相配合的薄壁蒙皮；
步骤四、将薄壁蒙皮与内部实体模芯1相连接，构成组合式成形模具；
步骤五、将经过加热的热态金属板坯9快速放置到成形模具上，闭合模具以完成零件的成形；
步骤六、保持模具闭合，向薄壁蒙皮和内部实体模芯1构成的通道内快速通入低温介质7；
步骤七、保持合模状态一定时间后，打开成形模具，取出成形后零件。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果：
（1）成形和淬火之间影响小：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在成形阶段，可以保证热态金属板坯上的热量不会被大量传走而影响零件成形；在淬火阶段，可以通过薄壁蒙皮实现热态金属板坯与低温介质之间的快速热传递，实现热态金属板坯的快速冷却淬火。成形阶段和淬火阶段都可以在充分长的时间间隔内完成，成形过程和冷却过程相互之间的影响很小，因此可以实现复杂零件的成形及其有效淬火。
（2）蒙皮薄且热容小、避免成形时热态板坯降温：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，由于蒙皮很薄且热容小，在成形阶段，当热态金属板坯与蒙皮接触后并不会从热态金属板坯上传导走很多热量，不会导致热态金属板坯温度的快速下降。采用这种模具结构，不但可以避免因冷态模具接触导致热态金属板坯温度下降而影响其成形性能，还可以避免热态金属板坯上局部温度下降而出现不合理的温度分布。因此，热态金属板坯可以在足够高的温度和合理的温度分布条件下完成变形。
（3）模芯采用普通模具材料：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，内部实体模芯不与热态金属板坯直接接触，不会出现严重的摩擦磨损；内部实体模芯只受到来自薄壁蒙皮的接触压力，不要求其具有很高的压缩强度。因此，内部实体模芯可以采用普通铸铁材料，在样件试制阶段或者对成形质量要求不高时，还可以采用硬质塑料或木质材料。采用这种模具结构，内部实体模芯的加工非常容易，可以大幅缩短模具的设计和加工周期，大幅降低模具制造成本。
（4）采用普通加工设备：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，蒙皮的壁厚只有0.2~0.5mm，可以直接利用内部实体模芯对薄壁蒙皮坯料进行压制以获得需要的最终薄壁蒙皮。由于采用的是表面质量很高的薄板坯料来加工蒙皮，无需再采用精密的加工设备来保证蒙皮的表面粗糙度等。采用这种模具结构，只需要粗略加工出内部实体模芯的形状，无需使用精密的铣床和磨床，因此可以大幅缩短模具制造周期、大幅降低模具制造成本。
（5）实现模具快速调整：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，由于薄壁蒙皮与内部实体模芯为分体组合结构，两者之间没有连接或只有简单连接，薄壁蒙皮可以从内部实体模芯上快速取下。采用这种模具结构，可以避免因模具模腔局部磨损或局部设计不合理等原因而重新加工整体模具。同时，当薄壁蒙皮出现磨损、厚度不合适或材料不合适等问题时，也非常容易实现薄壁蒙皮的更换。
（6）沟槽内充入隔热材料，进一步防止降温：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在成形阶段，在薄壁蒙皮与实体模芯之间的沟槽中通入一定压力的气体如空气、氮气。由于气体的导热性很差，可以实现薄壁蒙皮与实体模芯的有效分隔，避免被热态金属板坯接触加热后的薄壁蒙皮再与实体模芯之间发生大量热交换，从而可以保证热态金属板坯的热量不会再被大量传递而引起温度下降。
（7）蒙皮薄且热容小，可以实现快速降温淬火：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，由于蒙皮很薄且热容小，在淬火阶段，热态金属板坯上的热量可以通过薄壁蒙皮快速传递到另一侧的低温介质上，并随着低温介质的流动而被快速转移。采用这种模具结构，可以实现热态金属板坯的快速冷却，从而保证热态金属板坯的有效淬火处理。
（8）可以实现薄板和厚板的成形：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，成形阶段的金属板坯的温度不会发生快速降低，材料在热态下具有较低的流动应力和较高的成形性能，可以有足够时间实现复杂形状零件的成形；由于淬火阶段低温介质和热态零件之间发生很快的热交换，可以达到足够高的冷却速度和有效淬火。因此，采用这种模具结构，不但可以用于中等厚度板（厚度0.5-5.0mm），还可以用于薄板（厚度0.2-0.5mm）和厚板（厚度5-20mm）的成形和淬火。
（9）采用不同蒙皮，实现不同材料成形：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，薄壁蒙皮可根据所成形金属板坯的材料种类、壁厚、成形温度等进行合理选择，当金属板坯成形温度在200~450℃时（如铝合金板坯）可以采用304或306不锈钢薄板作为薄壁蒙皮，当金属板坯成形温度在500~900℃时（如高强钢22MnB5），可以采用TC4或TA2钛合金薄板或者GH4169高温合金薄板作为薄壁蒙皮。采用这种模具结构，可以实现不同金属零件的成形，适用材料范围广。
（10）采用不同低温介质，实现不同材料淬火：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，根据所成形金属板坯的淬火要求，可以在薄壁蒙皮和实体模芯之间的沟槽中通入不同的低温介质。当金属板坯的壁厚较薄时，可以在沟槽中通入温度为5~10℃的冰水；当金属板坯的壁厚较厚时，可以在沟槽中通入温度为-50~-100℃的冷气或者温度为-196℃的液氮。采用这种模具结构，可以满足不同材料和不同壁厚金属板坯的淬火要求，适用材料和零件范围广。
（11）采用不同沟槽，实现变化的淬火效果：本发明的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，冷却通道由表面的沟槽与蒙皮构成，由于表面的沟槽容易加工，因此可以根据需要在内部实体模芯的表面加工出具有特定形状和尺寸的沟槽并按需要进行布置。采用这种模具结构，在淬火阶段可以在薄壁蒙皮上的不同区域实现不同的温度分布，从而在热态金属零件上的不同区域实现不同的冷却速度，这为通过控制金属零件上不同区域的淬火效果、获得不同的力学性能分布提供了可能。
 附图说明
图1为本发明一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具结构示意图；
图2（a）~（d）为本发明一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具工作原理图；
图3为本发明一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具的第二种模具的结构示意图；
图4（a）~（d）为本发明一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具的第二种模具的工作原理图。
图中：1内部实体模芯，2上导入孔，3上薄壁蒙皮，4立筋，5上导出孔，6上沟槽，7低温介质，8压边圈，9热态金属板坯，10下模具，11初始填充气体；12下沟槽；13下薄壁蒙皮；14下导入孔；15下导出孔。
 本发明的实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例一：
结合图1和图2说明，一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，（1）成形模具包括上模具和下模具，下模具为传统整体结构；（2）上模具为组合结构，由薄壁蒙皮和内部实体模芯组成，薄壁蒙皮紧密包覆在内部实体模芯上；（3）薄壁蒙皮的外表面形状尺寸与零件的形状尺寸相同；（4）在内部实体模芯的表面设置有立筋和互相连通的沟槽，薄壁蒙皮与沟槽接触后构成特定的通道；（5）在内部实体模芯上设置有介质导入孔和导出孔，并与蒙皮和沟槽构成的通道相连接。
上述的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，其工作过程是按照以下步骤进行的：
步骤一、根据待成形金属板材零件的材料种类、复杂程度、精度要求等，选择相应种类和厚度的金属薄板作为蒙皮、相应材质的坯料作为实体模芯；
步骤二、制备内部实体模芯并在其表面加工出沟槽，在其侧壁加工导入孔和导出孔；
步骤三、将薄壁蒙皮坯料制备成与内部实体模芯相配合的薄壁蒙皮；
步骤四、将薄壁蒙皮与内部实体模芯相连接，构成组合式成形模具；
步骤五、将经过加热的金属板坯快速放置到成形模具上，闭合模具以完成零件的成形；
步骤六、保持模具闭合，向薄壁蒙皮和内部实体模芯构成的通道内快速通入低温介质；
步骤七、保持合模状态一定时间后，打开成形模具，取出成形后零件。
实施例二：
结合图3和图4说明，另一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，（1）成形模具包括上模具和下模具，上模具和下模具都为组合结构；（2）上模具和下模具都由薄壁蒙皮和内部实体模芯组成，薄壁蒙皮紧密包覆在内部实体模芯上；（3）薄壁蒙皮的外表面形状尺寸与零件的形状尺寸相同；（4）在内部实体模芯的表面设置有立筋和互相连通的沟槽，薄壁蒙皮与沟槽接触后构成特定的通道；（5）在内部实体模芯上设置有介质导入孔和导出孔，并与蒙皮和沟槽构成的通道相连接。
上述的一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，其工作过程与具体实施方式一相同。
成形模具由上模具和下模具构成，通过上模具和下模具的共同作用实现金属板坯的成形，可以实现形状复杂、无法或难以只通过上模具保证零件形状尺寸精度的情况。当热态金属板坯与上模具和下模具都紧密接触，并向上模具和下模具中通入低温介质进行冷却时，热态金属板坯将通过与其上下表面接触的薄壁蒙皮实现快速冷却，可以获得更高的冷却速度。因此，可以实现壁厚为5mm甚至更厚的金属板坯的有效淬火。
实施例三：结合图1至图4说明，一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在步骤一中，组合式模具中的薄壁蒙皮采用导热性好、热容小、强度高、耐磨的金属薄板，如不锈钢板、高温合金板或钛合金板等，薄壁蒙皮的厚度为0.2~0.5mm，薄壁蒙皮与内部实体模芯的立筋紧密接触并在与金属板坯接触过程中不发生变形。其他，与实施例一、二相同。
由于蒙皮壁厚很薄且热容小，在成形阶段，当热态金属板坯与蒙皮接触后蒙皮的温度会很快升高但是并不会从热态金属板坯上传导走很多的热量，不会导致热态金属板坯的温度快速下降。采用这种模具结构，不但可以避免因冷态模具接触导致热态板坯温度下降而影响其成形性能，还可以避免热态金属板坯上局部温度下降而出现不合理的温度分布。因此，热态金属板坯可以在足够高的温度和合理的温度分布条件下完成变形。
实施例四：
结合图1至图4说明，一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在步骤一中，组合式模具中的内部实体芯模采用了普通铸铁、硬质塑料或者木质材料。其他，与实施例一、二相同。
由于内部实体模芯不与热态金属板坯直接接触，不会出现严重的摩擦磨损；由于内部实体模芯只受到来自薄壁蒙皮的接触压力，只要求其具有一定的压缩强度。因此，内部实体模芯可以采用普通铸铁材料，在样件试制阶段或者对成形质量要求不高时，可以采用硬质塑料或木质材料。采用这种模具结构，可以大幅缩短模具的设计和加工周期，大幅降低模具制造成本。
实施例五：
结合图1至图4说明，一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在步骤三中，既可以采用不带表面立筋和凹槽的实体芯模压制薄壁蒙皮坯料，也可以采用加工出立筋和凹槽的实体芯模来压制薄壁蒙皮坯料，从而获得需要的薄壁蒙皮。其他，与实施例一、二相同。
蒙皮的壁厚只有0.2~0.5mm，可以直接利用内部实体芯模对薄壁蒙皮坯料进行压制以获得需要的最终薄壁蒙皮。由于采用的是表面质量很高的薄板坯料来加工蒙皮，只需要初略加工出内部实体芯模的形状，无需使用精密的铣床和磨床来保证蒙皮的表面粗糙度等。采用这种模具结构，可以大幅缩短模具制造周期、大幅降低模具制造成本。
实施例六：
结合图1至图4说明，一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在步骤四中，薄壁蒙皮和内部实体芯模之间无连接，或者在实体芯模的立筋上设置0.5~1.0mm的密封材料，实现沟槽与蒙皮的紧密贴合。其他，与实施例一、二相同。
由于薄壁蒙皮与内部实体模芯为分体组合结构，两者之间没有连接或只有简单连接，薄壁蒙皮可以从内部实体模芯上快速取下。采用这种模具结构，可以避免因模具模腔局部摩擦磨损或局部设计不合理等原因而需要更换整体模具所造成的浪费。同时，当薄壁蒙皮出现摩擦磨损、厚度不合适或材料不合适等问题时，也非常容易实现薄壁蒙皮的更换。
实施例七：
结合图1至图4说明，一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在步骤五中，在将经过加热的金属板坯快速放置到成形模具上之前，在薄壁蒙皮与实体模芯之间的沟槽中充入一定压力的气体。其他，与实施例一、二相同。
在薄壁蒙皮与实体模芯之间的沟槽中通入一定压力的气体如空气、氮气。由于气体的导热性很差，可以实现薄壁蒙皮与实体模芯的有效分隔，避免被热态板坯接触加热后的薄壁蒙皮再与实体模芯之间发生大量热交换，从而可以保证成形阶段热态板坯的热量不会再被大量传递而引起温度下降。
实施例八：
结合图1至图4说明，一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在步骤五~步骤七中，金属板坯的原始厚度可以从0.2mm变化到5.0mm。其他，与实施例一、二相同。
由于成形阶段的金属板坯的温度不会发生快速降低，材料在热态下具有较低的流动应力和较高的成形性能，可以实现复杂形状和结构的零件的成形；由于淬火阶段低温介质和热态零件之间发生很快的热交换，可以达到足够高的冷却速度和有效淬火。因此，采用这种模具结构，不但可以用于中等厚度板材（厚度0.5-5.0mm），还可以用于厚板材（厚度5-20mm）和薄板（厚度0.2-0.5mm）的成形和淬火。
实施例九：
结合图1至图4说明，一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在步骤一~步骤四中，薄壁蒙皮的材料是不锈钢薄板、钛合金薄板或高温合金薄板。其他，与实施例一、二相同。
本实施方式的有益效果是：薄壁蒙皮可根据所成形金属板坯的材料种类、壁厚、成形温度等进行合理选择，当金属板坯成形温度在200~450℃时（如铝合金板坯）可以采用304或306不锈钢薄板作为薄壁蒙皮，当金属板坯成形温度在500~900℃时（如高强钢22MnB5），可以采用TC4或TA2钛合金薄板或者GH4169高温合金薄板作为薄壁蒙皮。采用这种模具结构，可以实现不同金属薄壁零件的成形，适用材料范围广。
实施例十：
结合图1至图4说明，一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在步骤六中，保持模具闭合，向薄壁蒙皮和内部实体模芯构成的通道内快速通入低温介质，如温度为5~20℃的冷水或者液氮。其他，与实施例一、二相同。
当金属板坯的壁厚较薄时，可以在沟槽中通入温度为5~10℃的冰水；当金属板坯的壁厚较厚时，可以在沟槽中通入温度为-50~-100℃的冷气或者温度为-196℃的液氮。由于蒙皮壁厚很薄且热容小，在淬火阶段，当在薄壁蒙皮与内部实体模芯之间的沟槽中通入低温介质时，薄壁蒙皮的温度将快速降低。又由于蒙皮的导热性好，热态金属板坯上的热量可以通过薄壁蒙皮快速传递到另一侧的低温介质上，并随着低温介质的流动而得到持续快速冷却。采用这种模具结构，可以满足不同材料和不同壁厚金属板坯的淬火要求，适用材料和零件范围广。
实施例十一：
结合图1至图4说明，一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，在步骤二中，在内部实体模芯表面加工的若干沟槽具有不同的几何尺寸和非规则的分布。其他，与实施例一、二相同。
由于实体模芯表面的沟槽容易加工，因此可以根据需要在内部实体芯模的表面加工出具有特定形状和几何尺寸的沟槽并按需要排列，各沟槽内的低温介质可通过同一个或不同的导入孔和导出孔。采用这种模具结构，可以在薄壁蒙皮上与内部芯模构成的沟槽内实现不同的温度分布，从而在热态金属零件上实现不同的冷却速度，这为灵活控制金属零件上各区域的淬火效果、获得不同的力学性能分布提供了可能。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种实现模内快速成形和淬火的模具，其特征在于，所述的模具包括内部实体模芯（1）、上薄壁蒙皮（3）、压边圈（8）和下模具（10），内部实体模芯（1）和上薄壁蒙皮（3）组合后在压边圈（8）内部上下运动；内部实体模芯（1）的下表面开有多个上沟槽（6），各上沟槽（6）通过与内部实体模芯（1）一体结构的立筋（4）相隔并相通；内部实体模芯（1）的上表面开有通入至上沟槽（6）的上导入孔（2）和上导出孔（5），上导入孔（2）用于向上沟槽（6）内注入低温介质（7），上导出孔（5）用于将换热后的低温介质（7）导出；上沟槽（6）表面覆盖有上薄壁蒙皮（3），固定在内部实体模芯（1）上；上薄壁蒙皮（3）的下表面贴于热态金属板坯（9）上表面，在成形结束后对热态金属板坯（9）进行快速冷却淬火。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的模具，其特征在于，所述的下模具（10）的内表面设有下沟槽（12），下沟槽（12）的布局形式与上沟槽（6）相同，其表面覆盖有下薄壁蒙皮（13），固定在下模具（10）的内表面；下模具（10）上开有通入至下沟槽（12）的下导入孔（14）和下导出孔（15），下导入孔（14）用于向下沟槽（12）内注入低温介质（7），下导出孔（15）用于将换热后的低温介质（7）导出；在成形结束后，上薄壁蒙皮（3）的下表面以及下薄壁蒙皮（13）的上表面同时与热态金属板坯（9）接触，对热态金属板坯（9）表面快速降温完成淬火。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的模具，其特征在于，所述的薄壁蒙皮的外表面形状尺寸与待成形零件的形状尺寸相同，所选材质为不锈钢板、高温合金板或钛合金板，厚度为0.2~0.5mm，薄壁蒙皮与内部实体模芯（1）的立筋（4）紧密接触并在与热态金属板坯（9）接触过程中不发生变形。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的模具，其特征在于，所述的沟槽的深度为2~10mm，相邻立筋（4）之间的间距为5~30mm。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的模具，其特征在于，所述的沟槽的深度为2~10mm，相邻立筋（4）之间的间距为5~30mm。
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CN109433924A (zh) 2019-03-08
AU2018451202A1 (en) 2020-07-09
CN109433924B (zh) 2020-11-03

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