WO2020107083A1

WO2020107083A1 - Arrangement applied to a grain breaker for a forage harvester cutting chamber

Info

Publication number: WO2020107083A1
Application number: PCT/BR2019/050407
Authority: WO
Inventors: Walter Xicrala Brait SILVA
Original assignee: Nb Máquinas Ltda
Priority date: 2018-11-27
Filing date: 2019-09-17
Publication date: 2020-06-04
Also published as: BR202018074476U2; BR202018074476Y1

Abstract

The invention comprises a quadrangular flat plate (1), to which are welded rows (F) of cutting blades (2) in an arrangement that promotes the passage, with interference, of the kernels of maize, in order to break them down to the smallest possible particle size, without prejudice to the dimensions of the fibres, the breaker (R) being fastened by means of screws (3) positioned in the orifices (4) to the rear wall (5) of the casing of the cutting chamber (6) of trailed forage harvesters.

Description

PROVISION APPLIED IN GRAIN BREAKER FOR CHAMBER OF

PIPING OF FORAGE HARVESTERS

Introduction

[001] The present application for a utility model patent refers to an unprecedented provision applied to a grain breaker, which comprises a flat plate with rows of knives properly positioned in order to favor and / or provide the best possible processing of the grains, which pass through the chopping chamber of the harvester in which it is strategically installed without prejudice to the grain size of the fibers (green part of the plant).

Application field

[002] The innovation is applied in the agricultural sector, more specifically in chambers for chopping total area fodder harvesters moved by tractors, used in corn crops.

Convincing

[003] Corn is a plant that has enormous nutritional capacity for animals.

[004] Its biological constitution presents several fundamental nutrients for ruminants, such as: energy, fibers, proteins, etc. In recent years, there have been genetic advances on a large scale that have made it possible to produce species with more and more nutrients, which are increasingly resistant to weather and pest attacks.

[005] In summary, maize has two basic chemical components for ruminants, especially dairy cows, such as: starch and fibers. Starch, a carbohydrate present mainly in ear grains, is nothing more than the energy needed for a dairy cow to produce more and more. Fibers, present in the green parts (foliage and stems), in general, are necessary particles to keep healthy the bacteria that live in the digestive system of ruminants, especially in the rumen - one of the four stomachs that ruminants have. The rumen, the largest of the four stomachs of the cow, has a complex microbial system, capable of degrading fibers. While starch is important as energy for milk production, fibers are essential to keep the animal sound. Precisely because it has these two components, it makes corn one of the main sources of food for ruminants.

[006] From a qualitative point of view, both starch and fibers must be evaluated.

[007] The fibers must have a certain particle size (particle size) in order to stimulate rumination and, for this, scientists have determined what is called an effective fiber. A size large enough to stimulate rumination, but small enough to prevent segregation in the trough (ruminants are extremely selective animals) and facilitate compaction in the silo. With regard to starch, the more processed it is, the faster and better its absorption and digestion will be.

[008] The corn stalk is processed in a single step, and this causes a paradigm. On the one hand, the fibers in a given particle size are desired, whereas the ears, it is desired to process as much as possible. Reducing the size of the bite will result in optimal grain processing, however, it will reduce the effective fibers, causing possible diseases in animals. The most common is called acidosis.

[009] Increasing the size of the chop in order to obtain effective fiber will often cause a poor processing of the grains and, for this reason, the energy contained in the starch will not be well absorbed by the animals, leaving the feces. This impasse caused several mechanisms to be created to improve grain processing.

[010] Therefore, in corn silage, it is essential that the corn grains are well processed, since ruminants, which feed on this silage, cannot digest the cell wall of the corn. For this reason, fractionating the grains into smaller particles is essential for the absorption of starch present in them in ruminants, increasing their efficiency.

State of the art

[01 1] Forage harvesters are known as forage cutters and shredders. Thus, forage harvesters have a cutting and collecting system formed by a cutting saw and a collecting drum, in addition to a chipping chamber. [012] The market offers several mechanisms for the processing of grains, commonly called crackers, grain processors, etc.

[013] Crackers are, in general, two steel rolls, arranged side by side, rotating in opposite directions, usually with different speeds, with small grooves or a pointed geometry, so that the freshly cut forage passes through such rolls. These rollers, which are regulated at a small distance (1 to 2 mm), crush everything that passes through them, blowing up the corn kernels.

[014] Crackers were created more than 20 years ago, and are commonly used in automotive machines. There are countless geometries of these cylinders, but they all have the same objective: to process the corn kernels. As the product flow is, in a way, interrupted, since the rotation of these rollers ends up reducing the speed of the product flow, it is necessary the presence of a fan after the two rollers, in order to provide launch speed through the outlet spout. Without the fan, the launch will be severely hampered, causing the machine to constantly embouch.

[015] If the crackers used in automotive machines were adapted to forage driven by tractors, there would be a number of drawbacks:

- Complex, high-cost manufacturing mechanism that would make the product unfeasible. The cost increase would be of the order of 80% of the total value of an implement harvester;

- High power consumption - conventional crackers would consume, on average, 40% more tractor power. It means that increasingly powerful tractors should be used for the job. Tractors are more expensive, consume more fuel, and could be operating an implement with higher productivity, instead of being used in a line product;

- Need to use fans after the cracker - there are some manufacturers on the market that are installing only the cracker system, without using the fan.

[016] This causes the machine to constantly embouch, and the speed of the outlet jet to be reduced, causing the density of the product inside a cart to be reduced. Soon, more carts will be needed to collect the pre-cut product. [017] The current state of the art, anticipates some patent documents dealing with devices for use in pulled fodder, such as M U9000462-0 entitled “Equipment for Cutting Fodder with Corn Grain Breaker and Sorghum for Feed Production Animal ”- the equipment allows the grains of corn and sorghum to be broken down into suitable sizes, enough to break the film surrounding them. The equipment is formed by a carcass, disk, knife to cut the green and hammer to break the grains, having a semicircular plate perforated in front of this hammer, with the function of reducing the granulometry of the referred grains, when they pass through the holes and from there out of the forage.

[018] The semicircular plate mentioned above has some technical limitations to start by clogging the holes, resulting in poor grain processing. The product's passage surface (grains coming out of the hammer) is reduced, since it is represented by the sum of the orifice areas. Another drawback is that, over time, there is a natural wearing out of the holes that have an increased area, thus losing effectiveness, since the product that passes through the plate becomes larger.

Innovation objectives

[019] The objective of the present innovation is to propose a grain breaker capable of processing corn kernels in the smallest possible granulometry, without, however, reducing the size of the fiber particles of the plant too much.

[020] The objective of the present innovation is to propose an easy-to-interchangeable grain breaker, which can be installed and / or exchanged in different forage chopper carcasses.

[021] The objective of the present innovation is to propose a grain breaker, whose constructiveness allows the free passage of grains, without the possibility of clogging, therefore, not forcing the driving equipment, resulting in energy savings and low fuel consumption. [022] The objective of the present innovation is to propose a grain breaker that, when it requires less power, allows the use of smaller tractors for the forage traction.

[023] The objective of this innovation is to propose a grain breaker with a large contact surface to effectively break the grains.

[024] The aim of this innovation is to propose a grain breaker with an extended service life.

[025] The objective of this innovation is to propose a grain breaker with an excellent cost-benefit ratio, especially when compared to cracking systems.

Summary of innovation

[026] The “PROVISION APPLIED IN GRAIN BREAKER FOR FORAGE HARVESTER CHICKEN CHAMBER” comprises a plate with rows of knives, used in a forage harvesting chamber, with the objective of improving grain processing, reducing the size of these grains particles, as these rows of knives are located in the direction of the newly cut product jet.

[027] The grain breaker increases processing considerably, increasing the productive potential of the animals.

Description of the figures

[028] Following, the figures are presented to better explain the patent application, in an illustrative and non-limiting way:

Figure 1: Perspective view of the arrangement applied in a grain breaker for the chopping chamber of forage harvesters;

Figure 2: Front view of the arrangement applied in a grain breaker for the chopping chamber of forage harvesters;

Figure 3: Side view of the arrangement applied in a grain breaker for the chopping chamber of forage harvesters;

Figure 4: Perspective view of the arrangement applied in a grain breaker for the chopping chamber of forage harvesters, showing use in a carcass;

Figure 5: Exploded perspective view of the arrangement applied in a grain breaker in relation to the chipping chamber; Figure 6: Side view in section of a chipping chamber with the arrangement applied in a grain breaker;

Figure 7: Perspective view of the arrangement applied in a grain breaker for the chopping chamber of forage harvesters, showing use in a second carcass.

Detailed description of the innovation

[029] The “PROVISION APPLIED IN GRAIN BREAKER FOR FORAGE HARVESTER CHICKEN CHAMBER” comprises a smooth quadrangular plate (1), in which rows (F) of knives (2) are welded in an arrangement suitable for passage, with interference , of the corn kernels, in order to crush them in the smallest possible granulometry, without prejudice to the dimensions of the fibers, since the breaker (R) is fixed by means of screws (3) positioned in the holes (4) to the rear wall (5) the carcass of the chamber (6) for chopping foraged forages.

[030] The known grain breaker is formed by a perforated semicircular steel plate, which is attached to a ruler just after the chipping chamber hammer, in which the corn kernels are broken by passing through the holes, as if it were a grater. More particularly, the innovative breaker (R) consists of a smooth square steel plate (1), with holes (4) for fixing it to the rear wall (5) of said chipping chamber (6). The flat square steel plate (1) has at least three rows (F) of knives (2), which have the function of processing the corn kernels that pass through them with interference. It is understood by processing, grinding the grains. The rows (F) of knives (2) are positioned in a misaligned order, so that, at some point, a grain of corn can collide with at least one knife (2), reducing its particle size. In this way of making innovation feasible, the knives (2) have a triangular geometry, with the edge (7) turned in the direction of the passage of the grain flow that comes from the hammer (not shown) of the chipping chamber (6). As the grain breaker (R) is located at the top of the rear wall (5) of the chipping chamber (6), the heavier part of the forage is, by peripheral speed and inertia, closer to the edges than the green part and fibrous; thus, there is a concentration of corn kernels in the breaker (R), which processes such a fraction of the forage. In this way, the corn grains tend to be more processed than the fibrous part of the forage, a fact that will improve the absorption of starch present in the grains by the animals, without compromising the fiber size. The grain breaker (R), as it has a smooth square steel plate (1) as a base, is easily interchangeable, and can be installed and / or exchanged in different carcasses of chambers (6) for chopping forages.

Claims

CLAIM

1) “ARRANGEMENT APPLIED IN GRAIN BREAKER FOR FORAGE HARVESTER CHICKEN CHAMBER” features a steel plate (1) in the chipping chamber characterized by being a smooth square steel plate (1) with holes (4) for its attachment to the upper part of the rear wall (5) of the chipping chamber (6); the flat square steel sheet (1) has at least three rows (F) of knives (2) positioned in an unaligned order; the knives (2) have a triangular geometry, with the edge (7) turned in the direction of the grain flow passage.