WO2020106237A1 - Measurement scale of waviness at the selvedges of a woven fabric - Google Patents
Measurement scale of waviness at the selvedges of a woven fabricInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020106237A1 WO2020106237A1 PCT/TR2018/050896 TR2018050896W WO2020106237A1 WO 2020106237 A1 WO2020106237 A1 WO 2020106237A1 TR 2018050896 W TR2018050896 W TR 2018050896W WO 2020106237 A1 WO2020106237 A1 WO 2020106237A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- measurement
- waviness
- fabric
- scale
- lines
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
- G01B5/285—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces for controlling eveness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/30—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B5/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
- G01B5/061—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness height gauges
Definitions
- the invention is related to a waviness measurement scale that is used for the wavy selvedge zones formed in the selvedges of woven fabrics in the textile sector.
- the fabric selvedge is an important factor on the quality of the fabric. It is important to form a proper selvedge in order to provide a regular distribution of the warp yarns on the edges. Additionally, it should be strong enough to enable the fabric to withstand subsequent operations during the weaving and finishing processes. These wavy selvedge zones cause difficulties in further processing the fabric.
- waviness may occur which is due to the variation of warp tension and inappropriate arrangement of warp yarns at the fabric selvedges.
- the waviness which causes the selvedges look like a lettuce formation is a technical quality problem that can occur in any weaving process, although it is not very common for the woven fabric producers.
- the samples prepared for the waviness stand are laid in appropriate forms and their views are taken by means of a Nikon camera. In order to have information in terms of the taken photos, millimetric paper and metal ruler are used.
- the images are processed by the ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS5 program in order to have printouts that are appropriate to the real scales.
- the sample view printout in A3 form is transferred into A4 transparent film.
- the transparent film In order to make comment about the view transferred into the template, it is overlapped with the transparent film and decided its scale by making measurement on the millimetric paper. All views are classified in a meaningful manner by progressing in the same order with all photos. The waviness measurement results of the obtained fabrics are compared.
- the surface of the fabric has a porous structure and can be measured by means of various devices and techniques.
- the reasons for the occurrence of the porosity and the undulation are different but they exhibit the same behaviors.
- the waviness level can be determined by the peaks and dips located on the waviness curve. Therefore different amplitude ranges are defined for typical waviness curves.
- the waviness curves of the fabric samples that are produced with a wide range are provided for analysis. These curves both show similar characteristics and show a distribution in a wide range. Due to the small differences between them, it is considered that the amplitude value can be grouped easily and therefore an evaluation is made in this direction.
- the waviness (undulation) amplitude shall be approximately t + 2t. It is considered that there is a direct relation between the waviness amplitude and fabric thickness; then it is required to define different amplitude values for different fabric thicknesses.
- a parametric waviness amplitude can be defined by expressing this relation in a mathematical manner.
- the first undulation amplitude value As a result of the observations and experiments made; it is deemed appropriate to take the first undulation amplitude value as 1 mm for the fabric with thickness range between 0,30-0,40 mm. Total maximum peak and dip values for all fabrics within this range that causes undulation will change between“0” and“2” t. In other words the fabric will exhibit an undulation behavior at zero degrees or at a level that can be tolerable.
- a subsequent five amplitude range can be defined for the grouped batches in the basis of this approach and maximum amplitude value obtained for each group can be this amplitude value.
- the predetermined amplitude values based on the fabric samples used in the study are determined as 1 , 2, 3 ,4 and 5 mm respectively. It can be stated that the thickness of these undulation ranges may give ideal results for the fabrics that are between 0,35 ⁇ 0,10 mm range. However in case the fabric thickness exceeds 0,45 mm or smaller than 0, 25 mm, it is required to define a different measurement scale in different amplitude range.
- the present invention is related to a waviness (undulation) measurement scale at the edges of the woven fabric that fulfills the abovementioned requirements, eliminates all disadvantages and brings some additional advantages.
- the main aim of the invention is to provide a scale to be used in the measurement of the undulation (waviness) occurred in the edge structures of the woven fabric in the textile sector.
- the aim of the invention is to classify the woven fabrics within the framework of an objective and repeatable measurement method.
- the aim of the invention is to provide monitoring in various products and batches as a result of the data obtained by means of the developed measurement system.
- the aim of the invention is to provide opportunity for making a healthy comparison between all obtained products.
- the invention is a waviness measurement scale used in the measurement of the undulation occurred at the edges of the woven fabric in the textile sector, wherein it comprises the following;
- the invention is the operation method of a waviness measurement scale used in the measurement of the undulation occurred at the edges of the woven fabric in the textile sector, wherein it comprises the following procedural steps;
- ⁇ ekil-1 is a perspective view of the waviness measurement scale.
- ⁇ ekil-2 is a side view of the waviness measurement scale.
- ⁇ ekil-3 is a top detailed view of the measurement panel of the waviness measurement scale.
- Measurement panel 111 Measurement lines
- the waviness measurement scale (10) used in the measurement of the wavy zones occurred at the selvedges of the woven fabric is only described for clarifying the subject and in a manner without any limitation.
- the waviness measurement scale (10) given in Figure 1 with its perspective view consists of measurement lines (1 1 1 ) used for measuring the waviness degree on the fabric, the measurement panel (1 1 ) where the measurement lines (1 1 1 ) are located, a support element (12) that supports said measurement panel (1 1 ) from two sides in order to properly calculate the obtained measurement results.
- the general side plan view of the waviness measurement scale (10) is given.
- said measurement panel (1 1 ) is manufactured from glass or a transparent mica material.
- the support elements (12) are with 30 mm diameter and made of a polyoxymethylene material.
- FIG 3 a detailed plan view of the measurement panel (1 1 ) of the waviness measurement scale (10) is given.
- the two lines located on one side of the measurement panel (1 1 ) having 1 mm (1 1 1 a) and 2mm (1 1 1 b) heights, the four lines located on the other side and having 2 mm (1 1 1 c), 3 mm (1 1 1 d), 4 mm ( 1 1 1 e) and 5 mm (1 1 1 f) heights are the measurement lines (1 1 1 ).
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is particularly related to a waviness measurement scale (10) that comprises a number of measurement lines (111) used for measuring the waviness degree of the fabric selvedge, a measurement panel (11) where the measurement lines (111) are located and a support element (12) that supports the said measurement panel (11) from two sides in order to properly observe and refer to the relevant measurement data.
Description
MEASUREMENT SCALE OF WAVINESS AT THE SELVEDGES OF A WOVEN FABRIC Technical Field
The invention is related to a waviness measurement scale that is used for the wavy selvedge zones formed in the selvedges of woven fabrics in the textile sector.
The invention is particularly related to a waviness measurement scale comprises the measurement lines used for measuring the undulation degree on the fabric, a measurement panel where the measurement lines are located and a support element that supports said measurement panel from two sides in order to properly calculate the obtained measurement results.
State of the Art
The fabric selvedge is an important factor on the quality of the fabric. It is important to form a proper selvedge in order to provide a regular distribution of the warp yarns on the edges. Additionally, it should be strong enough to enable the fabric to withstand subsequent operations during the weaving and finishing processes. These wavy selvedge zones cause difficulties in further processing the fabric.
At the both sides of a woven fabric, an undesirable situation called waviness may occur which is due to the variation of warp tension and inappropriate arrangement of warp yarns at the fabric selvedges. The waviness which causes the selvedges look like a lettuce formation is a technical quality problem that can occur in any weaving process, although it is not very common for the woven fabric producers. On the other hand, there is no measurement method in terms of the waviness of the fabric selvedges, but also there is no such method defined among the textile test standards worldwide.
In the state of the art, studies were made in order to improve a measurement method for the waviness of wavy fabric selvedges. In one of these, in order to find the reasons of the wavy selvedge zones and to develop a measurement method, an experimental design with two separate warp sets are prepared. In order to examine the behavior wavy selvedge zones, a measurement stand is developed. During the design of the waviness measurement stand, the direction of the fabric position is examined, whether the measurement of waviness is appropriately made either in a horizontal manner or in a vertical manner. As a result of the studies and observations, it is decided that by laying the fabric horizontally, a better view can be taken. The stand is painted in black to provide sufficient contrast in examinations.
The samples prepared for the waviness stand are laid in appropriate forms and their views are taken by means of a Nikon camera. In order to have information in terms of the taken photos, millimetric paper and metal ruler are used. The images are processed by the ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS5 program in order to have printouts that are appropriate to the real scales.
In order to make the visual analysis of the obtained printouts transparent sheets are used, the sample view printout in A3 form is transferred into A4 transparent film. In order to make comment about the view transferred into the template, it is overlapped with the transparent film and decided its scale by making measurement on the millimetric paper. All views are classified in a meaningful manner by progressing in the same order with all photos. The waviness measurement results of the obtained fabrics are compared.
It is seen that during the studies performed, the bench settings are also effective in the wavy selvedge zones. However it is decided that the executed study process until it is reached to the measurement method shall be more practical. Therefore instead of original photo printout by taking photos, it is concluded that it shall be as easy as making examination directly on the fabric and making observation visually.
In the state of the art, it is known that the surface of the fabric has a porous structure and can be measured by means of various devices and techniques. The reasons for the occurrence of the porosity and the undulation are different but they exhibit the same behaviors. In another developed method, by omitting the porosity of the fabric, it is seen that the waviness level can be determined by the peaks and dips located on the waviness curve. Therefore different amplitude ranges are defined for typical waviness curves.
The waviness curves of the fabric samples that are produced with a wide range are provided for analysis. These curves both show similar characteristics and show a distribution in a wide range. Due to the small differences between them, it is considered that the amplitude value can be grouped easily and therefore an evaluation is made in this direction. The average fabric thickness used in the experimental study is measured as t= 0,37 mm. It is observed that the first group samples are included within 1 mm range. Practically; it defines the fabric with maximum peak height and maximum dip depth distance of 0,73 mm in total or less. In case the maximum peak and dip values are equal, it is foreseen that it can be approximately 0,365 mm. This distance that is stated in fabric variable type by taking the thickness of the current sample (t); the waviness (undulation) amplitude shall be approximately t + 2t. It is considered that there is a direct relation between the waviness amplitude and fabric thickness; then it is required to define different amplitude values for different fabric
thicknesses. A parametric waviness amplitude can be defined by expressing this relation in a mathematical manner. As a result of the observations and experiments made; it is deemed appropriate to take the first undulation amplitude value as 1 mm for the fabric with thickness range between 0,30-0,40 mm. Total maximum peak and dip values for all fabrics within this range that causes undulation will change between“0” and“2” t. In other words the fabric will exhibit an undulation behavior at zero degrees or at a level that can be tolerable.
It is seen that a subsequent five amplitude range can be defined for the grouped batches in the basis of this approach and maximum amplitude value obtained for each group can be this amplitude value. The predetermined amplitude values based on the fabric samples used in the study are determined as 1 , 2, 3 ,4 and 5 mm respectively. It can be stated that the thickness of these undulation ranges may give ideal results for the fabrics that are between 0,35 ± 0,10 mm range. However in case the fabric thickness exceeds 0,45 mm or smaller than 0, 25 mm, it is required to define a different measurement scale in different amplitude range.
As a result, in order to eliminate the abovementioned disadvantages and drawbacks, it is required to make an improvement in the relevant technical field.
Aim of the Invention
The present invention is related to a waviness (undulation) measurement scale at the edges of the woven fabric that fulfills the abovementioned requirements, eliminates all disadvantages and brings some additional advantages.
The main aim of the invention is to provide a scale to be used in the measurement of the undulation (waviness) occurred in the edge structures of the woven fabric in the textile sector.
The aim of the invention is to classify the woven fabrics within the framework of an objective and repeatable measurement method.
The aim of the invention is to provide monitoring in various products and batches as a result of the data obtained by means of the developed measurement system.
The aim of the invention is to provide opportunity for making a healthy comparison between all obtained products.
In order to fulfill the abovementioned aims, the invention is a waviness measurement scale used in the measurement of the undulation occurred at the edges of the woven fabric in the textile sector, wherein it comprises the following;
• measurement lines used for measuring the undulation degree on the fabric,
• the measurement panel where the measurement lines are located,
• a support element that supports said measurement panel from two sides in order to properly calculate the obtained measurement results.
In order to fulfill the abovementioned aims, the invention is the operation method of a waviness measurement scale used in the measurement of the undulation occurred at the edges of the woven fabric in the textile sector, wherein it comprises the following procedural steps;
• laying the fabric to be measured on a flat surface in a free flowing manner,
• placing the waviness measurement scale as close as possible to the edge of the fabric,
• controlling the top ends of the undulations at the fabric edges in terms of the line border it corresponds
• determining the most appropriate height with the average peak and dip range of the formed crimps,
• determining the most appropriate amplitude among 5 undulation amplitudes as the undulation class of the fabric.
The structural and characteristic features of the present invention will be understood clearly by the following detailed description and therefore the evaluation shall be made by taking the detailed description into consideration.
Figures Clarifying the Invention
§ekil-1 : is a perspective view of the waviness measurement scale.
§ekil-2: is a side view of the waviness measurement scale.
§ekil-3: is a top detailed view of the measurement panel of the waviness measurement scale.
The drawings shall not be scaled necessarily and the details that are not required for understanding the present invention can be omitted. Apart from this, elements that are at least substantially identical or at least having substantially similar functions are shown with the same numeral.
Description of the Part References
10. Waviness measurement scale
11. Measurement panel 111. Measurement lines
12. Support element
Detailed Description of the Invention
In this detailed description, the waviness measurement scale (10) used in the measurement of the wavy zones occurred at the selvedges of the woven fabric is only described for clarifying the subject and in a manner without any limitation.
With its general structure, the waviness measurement scale (10) given in Figure 1 with its perspective view consists of measurement lines (1 1 1 ) used for measuring the waviness degree on the fabric, the measurement panel (1 1 ) where the measurement lines (1 1 1 ) are located, a support element (12) that supports said measurement panel (1 1 ) from two sides in order to properly calculate the obtained measurement results. In Figure 2 the general side plan view of the waviness measurement scale (10) is given.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to provide the fabric edge to be viewed easily, said measurement panel (1 1 ) is manufactured from glass or a transparent mica material. The support elements (12) are with 30 mm diameter and made of a polyoxymethylene material.
In Figure 3 a detailed plan view of the measurement panel (1 1 ) of the waviness measurement scale (10) is given. The two lines located on one side of the measurement panel (1 1 ) having 1 mm (1 1 1 a) and 2mm (1 1 1 b) heights, the four lines located on the other
side and having 2 mm (1 1 1 c), 3 mm (1 1 1 d), 4 mm ( 1 1 1 e) and 5 mm (1 1 1 f) heights are the measurement lines (1 1 1 ).
The operation principle of the waviness measurement scale (10) is as follows;
• The fabric to be measured is laid on a flat surface in a free flowing manner,
• The waviness measurement scale (10) is placed as close as possible to the edge of the fabric,
• The top ends of the undulations at the fabric edges are controlled in terms of the line border it corresponds,
• The most appropriate height is determined with the average peak and dip range of the formed crimps,
• The most appropriate amplitude among 5 wavy iness amplitudes is determined as the waviness class of the fabric.
Together with the curvature and waviness in the stripped and plaid fabrics, undulation occurred in leg and arms of many clothes. Together with the waviness measurement scale (10) of the present invention the fabric construction, fabric structure of the warp tension and its effects on the weft curvature is provided, a detailed analysis of the edge tension and wavy zones forming problem can be made.
The confirmation study of the waviness measurement scale (10) of the present invention;
The measurement of the samples which are woven by a Dornier rapier weaving machine with dobby shedding motion, are carried out after conditioning at the standard atmospheric condition. The samples are photographed and then measured by means of the scale. The same results are obtained.
The 5 values obtained by the photograph analysis can be seen visually by the waviness measurement scale (10) as the same 5 values. All confirmation studies made randomly show that the measured value matches with the read value by means of the waviness measurement scale (10). As a result of this confirmation study the results obtained by means of the waviness measurement scale (10) of the present invention are proven.
Claims
1. A waviness measurement scale (10) used in the measurement of the undulation occurred at the edges of the woven fabric in the textile sector, characterized in that it comprises the following;
• the measurement lines (1 1 1 ) used for measuring the undulation degree on the fabric,
• the measurement panel (1 1 ) where the measurement lines (1 1 1 ) are located,
• the support element (12) that supports said measurement panel (1 1 ) from two sides in order to properly calculate the obtained measurement results.
2. A waviness measurement scale (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that; said measurement panel (1 1 ) is made of a glass or transparent mica material in order to be view the fabric edge easily.
3. A waviness measurement scale (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that; said measurement lines (1 1 1 ) consists of the two lines located on one side of the measurement panel (1 1 ) having 1 mm (1 1 1 a) and 2mm (1 1 1 b) heights, the four lines located on the other side and having 2 mm (1 1 1c), 3 mm (1 1 1 d), 4 mm (1 1 1 e) and 5 mm (1 1 1 f) heights are.
4. The operation method of a waviness measurement scale (10) used in the measurement of the undulation occurred at the edges of the woven fabric, characterized in that it comprises the following procedural steps;
• laying the fabric to be measured on a flat surface in a free flowing manner,
• placing the waviness measurement scale (10) as close as possible to the edge of the fabric,
• controlling the top ends of the waviness at the fabric edges in terms of the line border it corresponds
• determining the most appropriate height with the average peaks and dip range of the formed crimps,
• determining the most appropriate amplitude among 5 waviness amplitudes as the waviness class of the fabric.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TR2018/17796 | 2018-11-23 | ||
| TR201817796 | 2018-11-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2020106237A1 true WO2020106237A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
Family
ID=70774129
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/TR2018/050896 WO2020106237A1 (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-12-26 | Measurement scale of waviness at the selvedges of a woven fabric |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2020106237A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06109405A (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1994-04-19 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corp | Method of measuring waviness of strip material |
| US6219141B1 (en) * | 1999-01-20 | 2001-04-17 | Alliance Forest Products Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring waviness of paper |
| EP1942311A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Apparatus and method for measuring waviness of sheet materials |
| CN104976930A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 中纺标(北京)检验认证中心有限公司 | Dimensional change rate scale |
-
2018
- 2018-12-26 WO PCT/TR2018/050896 patent/WO2020106237A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06109405A (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1994-04-19 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corp | Method of measuring waviness of strip material |
| US6219141B1 (en) * | 1999-01-20 | 2001-04-17 | Alliance Forest Products Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring waviness of paper |
| EP1942311A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Apparatus and method for measuring waviness of sheet materials |
| CN104976930A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 中纺标(北京)检验认证中心有限公司 | Dimensional change rate scale |
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