WO2020102997A1 - 取样装置及消化道取样胶囊 - Google Patents

取样装置及消化道取样胶囊

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Publication number
WO2020102997A1
WO2020102997A1 PCT/CN2018/116524 CN2018116524W WO2020102997A1 WO 2020102997 A1 WO2020102997 A1 WO 2020102997A1 CN 2018116524 W CN2018116524 W CN 2018116524W WO 2020102997 A1 WO2020102997 A1 WO 2020102997A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sampling
housing
module
sampling device
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/116524
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏婕
秦彦哲
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MGI Tech Co Ltd
Original Assignee
MGI Tech Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MGI Tech Co Ltd filed Critical MGI Tech Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2018/116524 priority Critical patent/WO2020102997A1/zh
Priority to CN201880099641.3A priority patent/CN113194807B/zh
Publication of WO2020102997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020102997A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sampling device, in particular to a body sampling device and a digestive tract sampling capsule.
  • Endoscopes such as gastroscopes and enteroscopy
  • Endoscopes are sent from the outside of the body through the natural cavity of the human body into the body to check the disease in the body. , Range, and can be photographed, biopsy or brush.
  • the comfort of gastroscopes and enteroscopy is not good, and the user acceptance is not high. It is often only when the other symptoms are found in the later stage that they are willing to undergo the examination. At this time, it is generally in the middle and advanced stages of cancer.
  • the resolution of gastrointestinal endoscopy is limited, and can only be found when the tumor tissue is larger than 5 mm.
  • DNA sequencing of the target sample is currently a more effective way of early cancer screening.
  • a sampling device including: a housing; a sampling module, placed in the housing, for extending out of the housing to obtain a target sample; and an actuation module, placed in the housing, for The sampling module is driven to extend or retract the housing.
  • a protective solution or a buffer solution is stored in the housing, and the target sample obtained by the sampling module is stored in the protective solution or the buffer solution.
  • a hole portion is formed in the housing, and the sampling module extends out of the housing through the hole portion to obtain a target sample.
  • the whole or partial area of the casing includes at least one layer of hydrophobic porous material, and the layer of hydrophobic porous material is used to isolate the protective liquid or the buffer liquid from the external liquid, or the whole or part of the casing
  • the local area includes at least one layer of a hydrophobic porous film, which is used to isolate the protective liquid or the buffer liquid from the external liquid.
  • a check valve is provided at the location of the hole portion to cover the hole portion, and the check valve is pushed away or partially away from the hole portion by the sampling module to allow the sampling module to extend out of the housing After the sampling module is retracted into the housing, the one-way valve covers the hole again.
  • the whole or partial area of the housing further includes at least one layer of self-closing material, and the sampling module passes through the hole formed in the self-closing material layer of the housing to retract at the sampling module The housing is automatically closed afterwards.
  • a dissolvable material layer is further provided in the whole or partial area of the housing, and the dissolvable material layer is dissolved after entering the human body.
  • the sampling module includes a bristle portion and an attachment attached to the bristle portion
  • the actuation module drives the attachment to oscillate, rotate, or move back and forth and / or left and right to make the bristles of the bristle portion Exposing or retracting the housing from the housing; or, the actuation module drives the volume of the attachment to increase or decrease, so that the bristles of the bristle portion from when the volume of the attachment increases The casing is exposed and retracted into the casing when the volume of the attachment is reduced.
  • the actuation module includes an actuation unit, a control unit that controls the actuation unit, and an energy unit that provides energy to the actuation module as a whole, the actuation unit is electrically connected to the sampling module, and The sampling module is driven to extend or retract the casing under the control of the control unit.
  • the actuation module further includes a wireless communication unit for establishing a communication connection with an external controller, and the control unit receives an instruction of the external controller through the wireless communication unit to start or stop the operation Motion unit.
  • the sampling device further includes a positioning unit for providing positioning information to the external controller through the wireless communication unit, so that the external controller can obtain the location of the sampling device.
  • At least two chambers are provided inside the sampling device, and the two chambers are sealed and separated, the actuating module is provided in one of the chambers, and the sampling module is provided in the other chamber.
  • the hole portion is opened on the housing corresponding to the chamber where the sampling module is located.
  • the sampling device is an in vivo sampling device, or the sampling device is a digestive tract sampling device, or the sampling device is in the shape of a capsule.
  • a digestive tract sampling capsule in another aspect, includes an actuation module and a bristle portion that extends and retracts the sampling capsule driven by the actuation module to brush the target sample and the target sample Keep inside the sampling capsule.
  • a protective solution or buffer solution is stored in the sampling capsule, and the target sample brushed is stored in the protective solution or buffer solution.
  • sampling capsule is provided with a device or material that isolates the protection liquid or the buffer liquid from the external liquid.
  • a hole portion is formed on the sampling capsule, the bristle portion extends and retracts into the sampling capsule through the hole portion, and the device or material that isolates the protection liquid or the buffer liquid from the external liquid is A one-way valve covering the hole portion, the one-way valve is pushed away or partially away from the hole portion by the bristle portion to allow the bristle portion to extend out of the housing and retract at the bristle portion After the housing, the one-way valve covers the hole again.
  • the device or material that isolates the protection liquid or the buffer liquid from the external liquid is a self-sealing material layer, and the self-sealing material layer allows the bristle portion to pierce through and retracts the bristle portion at the After sampling the capsule, the hole formed by the puncture of the bristle portion is automatically closed to isolate the protection liquid or the buffer liquid from the external liquid.
  • the device or material that isolates the protection liquid or the buffer liquid from the external liquid is a hydrophobic porous material layer or a hydrophobic porous film.
  • sampling capsule is wrapped with a layer of soluble material, and the layer of soluble material is dissolved after entering the human body.
  • the sampling device and the gastrointestinal sampling capsule provided by the embodiment of the present invention drive the sampling module-the bristle part protrudes in the body to brush the target sample, and the brushed target sample is stored in the sampling device, thus not only avoiding traditional disease Pain applied to the user during the inspection and specimen collection, and the number of collected cells can meet the needs more than in vitro collection, and is convenient and easy to implement.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sampling device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a micro check valve provided with a hole of the sampling device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composition of the actuating module of the sampling device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another composition of the actuating module of the sampling device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the sampling device shown in FIG. 1 with the bristles received in the housing.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the sampling device shown in FIG. 1 with bristles extending out of the housing.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B are partial schematic diagrams of the sampling device in the second embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 7A is a case where the bristles are located inside the housing, and FIG. 7B is a situation where the bristles extend out of the housing.
  • FIG. 8A and 8B are partial schematic diagrams of a sampling device in a third embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 8A is a case where the bristles are located inside the housing, and FIG. 8B is a situation where the bristles extend out of the housing.
  • FIG. 9A and 9B are partial schematic diagrams of the sampling device in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 9A is a case where the bristles are located inside the housing, and FIG. 9B is a situation where the bristles extend out of the housing.
  • a component when referred to as “fixed” or “installed” on another component, it can be directly on another component or there can also be a centered component. When a component is considered to be “set on” another component, it may be set directly on another component or there may be a centered component at the same time.
  • the term "and / or” as used herein includes all and any combinations of one or more related listed items.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sampling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sampling device 1 includes a casing 11, a sampling module 12 disposed in the casing, and an actuating module 13 that drives the sampling module 12 to sample.
  • the sampling device is a gastrointestinal sampling capsule
  • the housing 11 is in the shape of a capsule
  • the interior of the housing 11 is divided into two sealed chambers: the first chamber 111 and the first ⁇ Chamber 112.
  • the first chamber 111 is used to house the sampling module 12, and the second chamber 112 is used to house the actuation module 13.
  • a partition 113 is provided between the first chamber 111 and the second chamber 112, and the sampling module 12 is connected to the actuation module 13 through the partition 113, so that the actuation module 13 actuates the sampling module 12.
  • the actuation module 13 is connected to the sampling module 12 through the partition 113 to actuate the sampling module 12.
  • the sampling module 12 includes a bristle portion 121 and an attachment 122 to which the bristle portion 121 is attached.
  • the attachment 122 is substantially rod-shaped.
  • the bristle portion 121 is formed on the outer surface of the attachment 122.
  • the bristles extend from the outer surface of the attachment 122 toward the housing 11.
  • the housing 11 is provided with holes 114. In this embodiment, the number of the holes 114 is multiple.
  • the holes 114 are regularly or irregularly distributed on the housing 11 corresponding to the positions of the bristle parts 121. .
  • the hole 114 allows the bristles to extend or retract into the housing 11.
  • the bristles extend out of the housing 11 through the hole 114 and brush to take a target sample, such as tissue cells. After retracting into the housing 11, the brushed target sample is stored in the first chamber 111. Further, A chamber 111 stores a protective solution or buffer 115 to maintain the activity of the target sample, prevent the target sample from being damaged, and / or clean the target sample.
  • the interior of the housing 11 may not be divided into two or more chambers, or the actuation module 13 and the sampling module 12 are both placed in the same chamber, in this case, only the actuation module 13 needs to be sealed and isolated from the same chamber Indoor protection liquid or buffer 115 is sufficient.
  • the outermost layer of the shell 11 is a layer of hydrophobic porous material 116 to isolate the protective liquid or buffer 115 inside the shell 11 from external liquids, such as isolating the protective liquid or buffer 115 from digestion The digestive juice in the tract.
  • the hydrophobic material used in the hydrophobic porous material layer 116 may be a material that is inherently hydrophobic, or may be a material obtained after other materials undergo hydrophobic treatment.
  • the hydrophobic porous material layer 116 may be a hydrophobic film or coating, such as a Teflon film or coating.
  • hydrophobic porous material layer 116 is provided on the outermost layer of the casing 11, but may also be provided on the innermost layer of the casing 11 or one of the intermediate layers of the casing 11. Alternatively, to further improve the isolation effect, two or more layers of hydrophobic porous material 116 may also be provided.
  • the entire or partial area of the casing 11 may be composed of a hydrophobic porous material from the inside to the outside, that is, the hydrophobic porous material constitutes the only material from the inside to the outside of the entire or partial area of the casing 11 Floor.
  • a partial porous area of the housing 11 is composed of a hydrophobic porous material from the inside to the outside, for example, for example, only the entire housing portion corresponding to the first chamber 111 is composed of a hydrophobic porous material from the inside to the outside.
  • the housing portion corresponding to the second chamber 112 is composed of other materials; or, only in a plurality of partial regions of the housing portion corresponding to the first chamber 111, it is composed of a hydrophobic porous material from inside to outside.
  • the housing 11 includes at least one layer of hydrophobic material, and the hydrophobic material layer may constitute one of the layers of the housing 11 or the housing 11 may be The only material layer from inside to outside.
  • the housing 11 is entirely or partially made of a self-closing material.
  • the self-closing material may be applied to a partial area of the housing 11 or One layer of the housing 11 is formed, or the self-closing material forms one layer of a partial area of the housing 11.
  • the self-sealing material includes but is not limited to silica gel, gel-like materials such as agarose and the like.
  • the bristles can be brushed through the housing 11 to take a target sample. After the bristles are retracted into the housing 11, the holes 114 on the housing 11 through which the bristles pass automatically shrink and close, thereby ensuring that there is no exchange of liquid inside and outside the housing 11.
  • the bristles When the entire or partial area of the housing 11 is made of only a self-sealing material from the inside to the outside, the bristles can puncture and pass through the housing 11, so the housing 11 does not need to have a hole 114 in advance.
  • the hole 114 is formed only after the bristles are punctured.
  • the self-closing material is only one layer of the entire or partial area of the housing 11 from the inside to the outside, and there are other layers from the inside to the outside of the housing 11 that are not self-closing materials, holes 114 can be correspondingly formed in these other layers .
  • a miniature one-way valve 117 insulating shell may also be provided at the position of the hole 114
  • the one-way valve 117 is provided with an elastic structure on both the inside and outside of the body 11.
  • the miniature one-way valve 117 covers the hole 114 to isolate the inside and outside of the housing 11 from the liquid.
  • the elastic structure deforms, causing the miniature one-way valve 117 to leave or partly leave the hole 114 to allow the bristles to protrude from the hole 114, and when the bristles return to the housing 11, the miniature one-way The elastic structural deformation of the valve 117 is restored, and the micro check valve 117 covers the hole portion 114 again.
  • At least a partial area of the housing 11 may also be provided with a dissolvable material that, after entering the human body, dissolves under the action of body fluids, thereby exposing the underlying layer (such as hydrophobic porous Material layer, self-sealing material layer or other material layer), or the above-mentioned hole portion 114 is formed.
  • a dissolvable material that, after entering the human body, dissolves under the action of body fluids, thereby exposing the underlying layer (such as hydrophobic porous Material layer, self-sealing material layer or other material layer), or the above-mentioned hole portion 114 is formed.
  • the means for isolating the liquid inside and outside the housing 11 may also use two or more of the above solutions.
  • a hydrophobic porous material layer may be provided on the housing 11 or a self-sealing material.
  • the hydrophobic porous material layer and the self-sealing material may also be stacked on each other.
  • the actuation module 13 includes an actuation unit 131, a control unit 132, and an energy unit 133.
  • the actuation unit 131 may be a motor, such as a micromotor, or a transmission component driven by the integrated motor.
  • the control unit 132 may be a micro control chip, and the energy unit 133 may be a battery, such as a micro battery.
  • the actuation unit 131, control unit 132 and energy unit 133 are all integrated on a circuit board 134, and are electrically connected to each other through the circuit board 134.
  • the energy unit 133 supplies power to the actuation unit 131 and the control unit 132 through the circuit board 134.
  • the control unit 132 controls the power supply of the energy unit 133 to the actuation unit 131 through the circuit board 134, such as turning on or off the actuation unit 131 To start or stop the actuation unit 131.
  • the circuit board 134 may also be provided on the circuit board 134.
  • the control unit 132 runs a control program.
  • the control unit 132 runs the control program to control the actuation unit 131 to start intermittently.
  • the control unit 132 The actuation unit 131 is activated for a period of time, such as one hour, and the actuation unit 131 is controlled to operate for a duration, such as 5 minutes.
  • the actuation module 13 may further include a sensing unit (not shown), for example, a temperature sensing unit, which utilizes the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the body to sense whether the sampling device 1 has been swallowed by the user.
  • the pH detection unit uses the detected pH value to determine whether the sampling device 1 has reached a specific location, such as the stomach.
  • the actuation module 13a in another embodiment further includes a wireless communication unit 135, which is disposed on the circuit board 134, and communicates with an external controller through Bluetooth, WIFI and other technical means 2 Communicate.
  • the wireless communication unit 135 may receive an instruction sent by the external controller 2, transmit the instruction to the control unit 132, and the control unit 132 parses and executes the instruction.
  • the external controller 2 may send "start" and “stop” control instructions to the actuation module 13, and the wireless communication unit 135 receives the "start" control sent by the external controller 2.
  • the control instruction is transmitted to the control unit 132, and the control unit 132 starts the operation of the actuation unit 131 according to the control instruction.
  • the wireless communication unit 135 After receiving the "stop" control instruction sent by the external controller 2, the wireless communication unit 135 sends the control instruction It is transmitted to the control unit 132, and the control unit 132 stops the operation of the actuation unit 131 according to the control instruction.
  • the external controller 2 may also transmit other control parameters to the actuation module 13, for example, parameters indicating how often to activate the actuation unit 131, and / or instructing the actuation unit 131 each time Parameters such as how long the startup lasts.
  • the actuating module 13b in an embodiment further includes a positioning unit 136, which is used to obtain positioning information of the sampling device 1 and send the positioning information to the wireless communication unit 135
  • the external controller 2 analyzes the positioning information of the sampling device 1 and obtains the location information of the sampling device 1. Further, the external controller 2 can generate corresponding control instructions and / or control parameters according to the position information of the sampling device 1. For example, the external controller 2 activates the actuation unit 131 through the control unit 132 only when the sampling device 1 is located in the area where the target sample needs to be brushed, such as the stomach, and the external controller 2 when the sampling device 1 is located in another location The operation of the actuation unit 131 is stopped by the control unit.
  • the external controller 2 may send corresponding control parameters to the control unit 132, so that the control unit 132 controls the actuation unit 131 to start more frequently or last longer each time To run.
  • the external controller 2 can enable the control unit 132 to control the actuation unit 131 to reduce the number of starts or the duration of each operation.
  • the positioning unit 136 can obtain the positioning information of the sampling device 1 by using a magnetic field, for example, a magnetic target real-time positioning and tracking system based on a three-axis magnetic sensor array.
  • the positioning unit 136 can also use an optical sensor such as a camera or the like to transmit images of the surrounding environment of the sampling device 1 to generate positioning information of the sampling device 1.
  • the positioning unit 136 can also obtain positioning information of the sampling device 1 using wireless radio frequency positioning technology .
  • the housing 11 is in the shape of a capsule.
  • the housing 11 is provided with a plurality of holes 114 corresponding to the positions of the bristles.
  • the regular arrangement can also be an irregular arrangement.
  • the diameter of the hole is approximately 10um-3mm, and the diameter of the bristles is 5um-1mm.
  • the attachment 122 is disposed at the position of the central axis of the housing 11, and the bristles extend from the periphery of the attachment 122 toward the housing 11.
  • the length of the bristles is larger than the size of the attachment 122 to reach the housing 11.
  • the portion 114 is preferably extended.
  • the attachment 122 rotates under the actuation of the actuating module 13, and the bristles follow the attachment 122.
  • the end of the bristle When the end of the bristle reaches the position of the hole 114, it protrudes from the hole 114 to brush the target sample. After the bristles are taken away from the position of the hole 114 according to the attachment 122, the ends of the bristles are forced to retract into the housing 11.
  • the bristles do not necessarily need to cover the periphery of the attachment 122. In other embodiments, the bristles may only be located in a part of the periphery of the attachment 122.
  • the hole 114 does not cover all the areas of the housing 11 corresponding to the first chamber 111, and the hole 114 may only be located within a small range.
  • the distribution area of the bristles and the hole portion 114, the size of the distribution area, and the distribution rule can be set according to specific needs, only the bristles can be extended from the hole portion 114 under the actuation of the actuating module 13 to take the target sample, Then, it can be retracted into the housing 11 under the actuation of the actuation module 13.
  • the diameters of the bristles and the holes 114 are not limited to the values provided above. The diameters of the bristles and the holes 114 can also be changed according to actual needs. Only the bristles can be removed from the holes 114 under the actuation of the actuation module 13 Just extend it.
  • the hole portion 114 is not necessarily a circular hole, and it may be an elongated hole or a hole of another shape.
  • the hole portion 114 may be an elongated hole extending in the direction of rotation of the bristles.
  • the attachment 122 drives the bristles to swing in at least one direction under the actuation of the actuation module 13, for example, with a housing
  • the central axis of the housing 11 is set as the front-rear direction, and the surroundings of the central axis of the housing 11 are up, down, left, and right directions respectively.
  • the attachment 122 Under the actuation of the actuation module 13, Drive the bristles to swing only upward, only downward, only to the left, and only to the right, or to move the bristles up and down, left and right, or up and down and left and right in a certain order, so that the bristles extend from the corresponding holes 114 Out.
  • the attachment 122 When the attachment 122 drives the bristles to oscillate in only one direction, or drives the bristles to oscillate in two directions but the two directions are not opposite directions, the attachment 122 may not need to be disposed along the central axis of the housing 11.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B Please refer to FIGS. 8A and 8B.
  • the end of the housing 11a corresponding to the sampling module 12a is substantially tapered, and the length of the bristles of the bristle portion 121a also gradually becomes shorter.
  • the actuation module 13 actuates to move back and forth according to the attachment 122. During the movement, the longer bristles extend from the hole 114 at the smaller diameter of the housing 11a to take a sample of the brush, and then retract the housing 11a Inside.
  • the sampling module 12b includes a bristle portion 121 and an attachment 122a.
  • the attachment 122a is made of a retractable material.
  • the actuating module 13 Drive the volume of the attachment 122a to increase or decrease.
  • the actuating module 13 may include a gas source (not shown), and increase or decrease the volume of the attachment 122a by adding or subtracting gas into the attachment 122a.
  • the attachment 122a may not be made of an elastic material, but the size and volume of the attachment 122a are changed by structural design, thereby changing the distance between the bristles and the corresponding hole 114.
  • sampling device 1 to the sampling of cells in the digestive tract to further illustrate the present invention.
  • the sampling device 1 After the user swallows the sampling device 1, the sampling device 1 automatically starts the control unit 132 to run the control program according to the sensed temperature change or other parameters, or the sampling device 1 starts the control unit 132 to run the control program according to the control instruction sent by the external controller 2.
  • the actuation unit 131 is started and stopped intermittently.
  • the actuating unit 131 actuates the sampling module 12 so that the bristles of the sampling module 12 extend out of the housing 11 (or 11a) to brush the target sample, and then the actuating unit 131 drives the sampling module 12 to retract the bristles into the housing 11 (or 11a)
  • the target sample taken by the bristle brush is stored in the housing 11 (or 11a), and the protective solution or buffer 115 in the housing 11 (or 11a) maintains the activity of the target sample or prevents the target sample from being destroyed.
  • the sampling device 1 is excreted with the feces, the sampling device 1 is recovered, and DNA sequencing of the target sample in the sampling device 1 can realize the screening and detection of diseases such as early cancer and the collection of specimens for other purposes.
  • the sampling device and the gastrointestinal sampling capsule provided by the embodiment of the present invention drive the sampling module to extend out of the body to brush the target sample, and the brushed target sample is stored in the sampling device, thus not only avoiding traditional disease screening and specimen collection
  • the pain that is imposed on the user at the time, and the number of collected cells can meet the needs more than the in vitro collection, which is convenient and easy to implement.

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Abstract

一种取样装置（1）及消化道取样胶囊，包括：壳体（11、11a）；取样模块（12、12a、12b），置于壳体（11、11a）内，用于伸出壳体（11、11a）外获取标的样本；及致动模块（13、13a、13b），置于壳体（11、11a）内，用于驱动取样模块（12、12a、12b）伸出或缩回壳体（11、11a）。该取样装置（1）及消化道取样胶囊通过驱动取样模块（12、12a、12b）/刷毛部（121、121a）在体内伸出以刷取标的样本，刷取的标的样本保存于取样装置（1）内，不仅避免了传统疾病筛查、标本收集时施加于用户身上的痛苦，且收集的细胞数量相比体外收集更能满足需求，方便且易实施。

Description

取样装置及消化道取样胶囊 技术领域
本发明涉及取样装置，尤其涉及体内取样装置及消化道取样胶囊。
背景技术
传统消化道癌症早筛使用内窥镜，内窥镜如胃镜、肠镜等由体外经过人体自然腔道送入体内，对体内疾病进行检查，可以直接观察到脏器内腔病变，确定其部位、范围，并可进行照相、活检或刷片。然胃镜、肠镜舒适度不佳，用户接受度不高，往往是到了后期发现其他症状时才愿意接受检查，此时一般已到了癌症中晚期。另外，胃肠镜的分辨率有限，只有肿瘤组织大于5mm时，才能发现。
研究表明，癌细胞和正常细胞的DNA在某些靶点上存在巨大差异。因此，对标的样本进行DNA测序是目前更有效的早期癌症筛查的方式。
然，无论是对早期癌症还是其他疾病进行筛查、确诊，抑或在其他特定情况下，如对细胞、基因的研究等，均需获取一定数量的标的样本，而获得一定数量的标的样本最有效的途径是在活体体内获取。因此，有必要提供一种不对活体造成损伤、且方便易实施的取样装置。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的上述以及其他潜在问题，有必要提出一种取样装置及消化道取样胶囊。
一方面，提供一种取样装置，包括：壳体；取样模块，置于所 述壳体内，用于伸出所述壳体外获取标的样本；及致动模块，置于所述壳体内，用于驱动所述取样模块伸出或缩回所述壳体。
进一步地，所述壳体内存储保护液或缓冲液，所述取样模块获取的标的样本保存于所述保护液或缓冲液中。
进一步地，所述壳体上开设孔部，所述取样模块经由所述孔部伸出所述壳体外获取标的样本。
进一步地，所述壳体整体或局部区域包括至少一层疏水性多孔材料层，所述疏水性多孔材料层用以隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体，或者，所述壳体整体或局部区域包括至少一层疏水性多孔薄膜，所述疏水性多孔薄膜用以隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体。
进一步地，所述孔部所在位置设置单向阀遮盖所述孔部，所述单向阀被所述取样模块推动离开或部分离开所述孔部，以允许所述取样模块伸出所述壳体，在所述取样模块缩回所述壳体后，所述单向阀重新遮盖所述孔部。
进一步地，所述壳体整体或者局部区域还包括至少一层自封闭材料层，所述取样模块穿过所述壳体在所述自封闭材料层上形成的孔部在所述取样模块缩回所述壳体后自动闭合。
进一步地，所述壳体整体或局部区域还设置可溶解材料层，所述可溶解材料层在进入人体后被溶解。
进一步地，所述取样模块包括刷毛部以及所述刷毛部所依附的依附件，所述致动模块驱动所述依附件上下及/或左右摆动、转动或前后移动以使所述刷毛部的刷毛从所述壳体露出或缩回所述壳体；或者，所述致动模块驱动所述依附件体积增大或缩小，以使所述刷毛部的刷毛在所述依附件体积增大时从所述壳体露出、及在所述依附件体积缩小时缩回所述壳体内。
进一步地，所述致动模块包括作动单元、控制所述作动单元的控制单元及为所述致动模块整体提供能源的能量单元，所述作动单元与所述取样模块电连接、并在所述控制单元的控制下驱动所述取样模块伸出或缩回所述壳体。
进一步地，所述致动模块还包括一无线通信单元用于与一外部控制器建立通信连接，所述控制单元通过所述无线通信单元接收所述外部控制器的指令以启动或停止所述作动单元。
进一步地，所述取样装置还包括一定位单元，所述定位单元用于通过所述无线通信单元给所述外部控制器提供定位信息，以供所述外部控制器获取所述取样装置所在位置。
进一步地，所述取样装置内部设置至少两个腔室，所述两个腔室之间密封隔开，所述致动模块设置于其中一个腔室内，所述取样模块设置于另一个腔室内。
进一步地，所述孔部对应所述取样模块所在腔室开设于所述壳体上。
进一步地，所述取样装置为体内取样装置，或者，所述取样装置为消化道取样装置，或者，所述取样装置为一胶囊形状。
另一方面，提供一种消化道取样胶囊，所述取样胶囊包括致动模块以及由所述致动模块驱动伸出和缩回所述取样胶囊的刷毛部，以刷取标的样本并将标的样本保存于所述取样胶囊内部。
进一步地，所述取样胶囊内存储保护液或缓冲液，刷取的标的样本被保存于所述保护液或缓冲液中。
进一步地，所述取样胶囊上设置隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体的装置或材料。
进一步地，所述取样胶囊上开设孔部，所述刷毛部通过所述孔部伸出与缩回所述取样胶囊内，所述隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外 界液体的装置或材料为遮盖所述孔部的单向阀，所述单向阀被所述刷毛部推动离开或部分离开所述孔部，以允许所述刷毛部伸出所述壳体，在所述刷毛部缩回所述壳体后，所述单向阀重新遮盖所述孔部。
进一步地，所述隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体的装置或材料为自封闭材料层，所述自封闭材料层供所述刷毛部穿刺通过，并在所述刷毛部缩回所述取样胶囊内后，所述刷毛部穿刺形成的孔部自动闭合，以隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体。
进一步地，所述隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体的装置或材料为疏水性多孔材料层或者疏水性多孔薄膜。
进一步地，所述取样胶囊外包裹一层可溶解材料层，所述可溶解材料层在进入人体后被溶解。
本发明的实施例提供的取样装置及消化道取样胶囊，通过驱动取样模块-刷毛部在体内伸出以刷取标的样本，刷取的标的样本保存于取样装置内，如此不仅避免了传统疾病筛查、标本收集时施加于用户身上的痛苦，且收集的细胞数量相比体外收集更能满足需求，方便且易实施。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一实施方式中的取样装置的示意图。
图2是设置图1所示取样装置的孔部的微型单向阀的示意图。
图3是图1所示取样装置的致动模块的一种组成示意图。
图4是图1所示取样装置的致动模块的另一种组成示意图。
图5是图1所示取样装置刷毛收于壳体内的示意图。
图6是图1所示取样装置刷毛伸出壳体外的示意图。
图7A与图7B是本发明第二种实施方式中的取样装置的局部示意图，其中图7A为刷毛位于壳体内的情形，图7B为刷毛伸出壳体外的情形。
图8A与图8B是本发明第三种实施方式中的取样装置的局部示意图，其中图8A为刷毛位于壳体内的情形，图8B为刷毛伸出壳体外的情形。
图9A与图9B是本发明第四种实施方式中的取样装置的局部示意图，其中图9A为刷毛位于壳体内的情形，图9B为刷毛伸出壳体外的情形。
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
元件符号说明
Figure PCTCN2018116524-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018116524-appb-000002
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当组件被称为“固定于”、“安装于”另一个组件，它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的所有的和任意的组合。
请参阅图1所示，为本发明一实施方式中的取样装置的示意图。所述取样装置1包括壳体11、设置于壳体内的取样模块12以及驱动所述取样模块12取样的致动模块13。在本实施方式中，所述取样装置为一消化道取样胶囊，所述壳体11为一胶囊形状，所述壳体11内部被分割成两个密封的腔室：第一腔室111与第二腔室112。第一腔室111用于容置所述取样模块12，第二腔室112用于容置所述致动模块13。第一腔室111与第二腔室112之间设置隔断113，所述取样模块12穿过所述隔断113与所述致动模块13连接，以便所述致动模块13致动所述取样模块12。
可以理解，在另一种实施方式中，所述致动模块13穿过所述隔断113与所述取样模块12连接，以便致动所述取样模块12。
所述取样模块12包括刷毛部121及刷毛部121所依附的依附件122，所述依附件122大致呈杆状，所述刷毛部121形成于所述 依附件122的外表面，刷毛部121的刷毛由所述依附件122的外表面朝向所述壳体11延伸。所述壳体11上开设孔部114，在本实施方式中，所述孔部114数量为多个，所述孔部114对应刷毛部121所在位置规律地或不规律地分布于壳体11上。所述孔部114供所述刷毛伸出或缩回所述壳体11。所述刷毛通过孔部114伸出壳体11外刷取标的样本，如组织细胞，在缩回壳体11内后，刷取的标的样本被存放于第一腔室111内，进一步地，第一腔室111内存放保护液或缓冲液115，用以维持标的样本的活性、避免标的样本被破坏、及/或对标的样本进行清洁等。
可以理解，也可以不将壳体11内部分隔成两或多个腔室，或者致动模块13与取样模块12均放置于同一个腔室内，此时仅需将致动模块13密封隔离同一腔室内的保护液或缓冲液115即可。
在本实施方式中，所述壳体11最外层为一疏水性多孔材料层116，以隔离壳体11内部的保护液或缓冲液115与外界液体，如隔离保护液或缓冲液115与消化道里的消化液。所述疏水性多孔材料层116采用的疏水性材料可以是本身就有疏水性的材料，也可以是其他材料经由疏水处理后获得的材料。优选地，所述疏水性多孔材料层116可以是一疏水性薄膜或涂层，如聚四氟乙烯薄膜或涂层。
可以理解，并非壳体11的所有位置均需设置疏水性多孔材料层116，仅需孔部114所在位置设置有疏水性多孔材料层116即可。也并非疏水性多孔材料层116必须设置于壳体11的最外层，也可设置于壳体11最内层或者为壳体11的其中一个中间层。或者，为进一步提升隔离效果，也可设置两层或多层疏水性多孔材料层116。
可以理解，在其他实施方式中，所述壳体11整体或局部区域由内至外均可由疏水性多孔材料构成，即疏水性多孔材料构成壳体11整体或局部区域由内至外的唯一材料层。在壳体11局部区域由 内至外采用疏水性多孔材料构成的情况，举例来说，例如，仅在第一腔室111对应的壳体部分整体由内到外由疏水性多孔材料构成，第二腔室112对应的壳体部分由其他材料构成；或者，仅在第一腔室111对应的壳体部分的多个局部区域，由内至外由疏水性多孔材料构成。
总之，概括来说，在本发明至少一实施方式中，壳体11包括至少一层疏水性材料层，所述疏水性材料层可以构成壳体11的其中一层，也可以是壳体11由内至外的唯一材料层。
可以理解，在其他实施方式中，壳体11全部或部分由自封闭材料制成，在壳体11部分采用自封闭材料的情况下，所述自封闭材料可以应用于壳体11的局部区域或者构成壳体11的其中一层，或者，所述自封闭材料构成壳体11的局部区域的其中一层。所述自封闭材料包括但不限于硅胶、凝胶类材料如琼脂糖等。刷毛可穿过壳体11刷取标的样本，在刷毛缩回壳体11后，壳体11上刷毛经过的孔部114自动收缩闭合，从而保证壳体11内外的液体无交换。
在壳体11整体或局部区域由内至外仅由自封闭材料制成时，刷毛可以穿刺而通过壳体11，因此壳体11上无需预先开设孔部114。孔部114仅在刷毛穿刺后才形成。在自封闭材料仅为壳体11整体或局部区域由内至外的其中一层，而壳体11由内至外还有其他层不是自封闭材料时，这些其他层上可相应开设孔部114。
可以理解，在其他实施方式中，在既未设置疏水性多孔材料也未设置自封闭材料的情况下，如图2所示，还可在孔部114所在位置设置微型的单向阀117隔绝壳体11内外两侧液体，所述单向阀117设置弹性结构，在未受到刷毛推力时，微型单向阀117遮盖孔部114，隔绝壳体11内外两侧液体。在受到刷毛推力时，所述弹 性结构发生形变，使微型单向阀117离开或部分离开孔部114,以允许刷毛从孔部114伸出，而在刷毛退回壳体11内时，微型单向阀117的弹性结构形变恢复，微型单向阀117重新遮盖孔部114。
可以理解，在其他实施方式中，壳体11的至少局部区域还可设置可溶解材料，所述可溶解材料进入人体后，在体液的作用下溶解，从而露出下面的一层(如疏水性多孔材料层、自封闭材料层或者其他材料层)、或形成上述孔部114。
可以理解，在其他实施方式中，隔绝壳体11内外液体的手段也可同时采用上述方案的两种或多种。例如，在壳体11上即可设置疏水性多孔材料层，亦可以设置自封闭材料，疏水性多孔材料层与自封闭材料还可以彼此叠置。
所述致动模块13包括作动单元131、控制单元132以及能量单元133，所述作动单元131可以是马达、如微型马达，也可以是马达整合其所驱动的传动部件。所述控制单元132可以是微型控制芯片，所述能量单元133可以是电池、如微型电池。所述作动单元131、控制单元132及能量单元133均整合于一电路板134上，通过电路板134彼此形成电连接。例如，能量单元133通过电路板134向作动单元131以及控制单元132供电，控制单元132通过电路板134控制能量单元133对作动单元131供电的控制，如接通或断开作动单元131的供电，从而启动或停止所述作动单元131。当然，根据具体需要，电路板134上还可设置其他元器件。
所述控制单元132运行一控制程序，在本实施方式中，所述控制单元132运行控制程序以控制作动单元131间歇性启动，例如，在用户吞服取样装置1后，控制单元132每隔一段时间，例如一小时启动作动单元131，控制作动单元131运转一持续时间，例如5分钟。当然，所述致动模块13还可包括一感测单元(图未示)， 例如包括一温度感测单元，利用体内体外的温差感测取样装置1是否被用户吞服，再如，包括一酸碱度检测单元，利用检测到的酸碱度值判断取样装置1是否已到达特定部位，如胃部。
请参阅图3所示，另一实施方式中的致动模块13a还包括一无线通信单元135，所述无线通信单元135设置于电路板134上，通过蓝牙、WIFI等技术手段与一外部控制器2进行通信。例如，所述无线通信单元135可接收外部控制器2所发送的指令，将所述指令传送给控制单元132，由控制单元132解析并执行所述指令。在一个具体案例中，所述外部控制器2可以向所述致动模块13发送“启动”与“停止”的控制指令，所述无线通信单元135接收到外部控制器2发送的“启动”控制指令后，将控制指令传送给控制单元132，控制单元132根据该控制指令启动作动单元131运转，所述无线通信单元135接收到外部控制器2发送的“停止”控制指令后，将控制指令传送给控制单元132，控制单元132根据该控制指令停止作动单元131的运转。在另一个具体案例中，外部控制器2还可以向所述致动模块13传送其他控制参数，例如，指示隔多长时间启动作动单元131的参数，及/或指示作动单元131每次启动持续多长时间的参数等。
请参阅图4所示，在一实施方式中的致动模块13b还包括一定位单元136，所述定位单元136用于获取取样装置1的定位信息，并将定位信息经由无线通信单元135发送给外部控制器2，由外部控制器2解析取样装置1的定位信息并获得取样装置1的位置信息。进一步地，外部控制器2可根据取样装置1的位置信息生成对应的控制指令及/或控制参数。例如，仅当取样装置1位于需刷取标的样本的部位，如胃部时，外部控制器2才通过控制单元132启动作动单元131，而在取样装置1位于其他部位时，外部控制器2 通过控制单元停止作动单元131运转。再如，在取样装置1位于一些重点部位，如胃部时，外部控制器2可发送相应的控制参数给控制单元132，使控制单元132控制作动单元131更频繁地启动或每次更持久地运转。而在位于非重点部位，如肠道时，外部控制器2可使控制单元132控制作动单元131减少启动的次数或减少每次运转的持续时间。
所述定位单元136可以利用磁场、例如利用基于三轴磁传感器阵列的磁目标实时定位跟踪系统获得取样装置1的定位信息。或者，定位单元136也可利用光学传感器如摄像头之类传输取样装置1周围环境影像以生成取样装置1的定位信息，再者，定位单元136还可以利用无线射频定位技术获得取样装置1的定位信息。
请参阅图1与图5、图6所示，在本实施方式中，壳体11呈胶囊形状，壳体11对应刷毛所在位置设置了多个孔部114，所述孔部114可以是按一定的规律排列，也可以是无规律排列。所述孔部直径大致为10um-3mm，刷毛直径尺寸为5um-1mm。依附件122设置于壳体11中心轴所在位置，刷毛从依附件122四周朝向壳体11延伸，刷毛的长度大于依附件122到达壳体11的尺寸，进一步地，刷毛的长度以刷毛能从孔部114伸出为宜。依附件122在致动模块13的致动下转动，刷毛跟随依附件122转动，刷毛末端达到孔部114所在位置时便从孔部114处伸出，以刷取标的样本。在依附件122将刷毛带离孔部114所在位置后，刷毛末端被迫缩回壳体11内。
可以理解，刷毛并非一定要布满依附件122的四周，在其他实施方式中，刷毛也可以仅位于依附件122的外围的部分区域。孔部114也并非布满壳体11对应第一腔室111的所有区域，孔部114可以仅位于一小块范围内。总之，刷毛与孔部114的分布区域、分 布区域的大小以及分布规律均可根据具体需要设置，仅需刷毛在致动模块13的致动下能从孔部114伸出刷取标的样本，之后再在致动模块13的致动下缩回壳体11内即可。
可以理解，刷毛与孔部114的直径大小也并非限于上述提供的数值，刷毛与孔部114的直径也可根据实际需要更改，仅需刷毛在致动模块13的致动下能从孔部114伸出即可。此外，孔部114也并非一定为圆形孔，其可以是长形孔或其他形状的孔。例如，在一种实施方式中，孔部114可以为沿刷毛转动方向延伸的长形孔。
请参阅图7A与图7B所示，在图7A与图7B所示实施方式中，所述依附件122在致动模块13的致动下，带动刷毛往至少一个方向摆动，例如，以壳体11中心轴做参考，设壳体11中心轴延伸的方向为前-后方向，壳体11中心轴的四周分别为上下左右方向，所述依附件122在致动模块13的致动下，可以带动刷毛仅往上摆动、仅往下摆动、仅往左摆动、仅往右摆动，或者带动刷毛上下摆动、左右摆动、或按一定顺序上下左右摆动，以使刷毛从对应方位的孔部114伸出。
当依附件122带动刷毛仅往一个方向摆动，或者带动刷毛往两个方向摆动但这两个方向不是相反方向时，依附件122也可以不需沿壳体11中心轴设置。
请参阅图8A与图8B所示，在图8A与图8B所示实施方式中，所述壳体11a对应取样模块12a所在端大致呈锥形，刷毛部121a的刷毛的长度亦呈逐渐变短的趋势，致动模块13致动依附件122前后移动，在移动过程中，较长的刷毛从壳体11a直径较小处的孔部114伸出刷取标的样本，之后再缩回壳体11a内。
请参阅图9A与图9B所示，在图9A与图9B所示实施方式中，取样模块12b包括刷毛部121与依附件122a，依附件122a采用可 伸缩材质做成，所述致动模块13驱动所述依附件122a的体积增大或缩小，例如，致动模块13可以包括一个气源(图未示)，通过往依附件122a内部加减气体来使依附件122a的体积增大缩小，在依附件122a体积增大时驱动刷毛从孔部114伸出，而在依附件122a体积缩小时带动刷毛缩回壳体11内。
可以理解，依附件122a也可以不采用弹性材质做成，而是采用结构设计的方式使依附件122a的大小、体积发生改变，从而改变刷毛至对应孔部114的距离。
以下例举取样装置1应用于消化道细胞取样的情景进一步说明本发明。
用户吞服取样装置1后，取样装置1根据感测的温度变化或其他参数自动启动控制单元132运行控制程序，或者取样装置1根据外部控制器2发送的控制指令启动控制单元132运行控制程序以间歇性启动-停止作动单元131。作动单元131致动取样模块12，使取样模块12的刷毛伸出壳体11(或11a)刷取标的样本，作动单元131之后带动取样模块12使刷毛缩回壳体11(或11a)内，刷毛刷取的标的样本保存于壳体11(或11a)内，由壳体11(或11a)内的保护液或缓冲液115维持标的样本的活性或避免标的样本被破坏。最终，取样装置1随粪便排出体外，回收取样装置1，对取样装置1内的标的样本进行DNA测序便可实现疾病如早期癌症的筛查与检测、及用于其他目的的标本的收集等。
本发明实施方式提供的取样装置及消化道取样胶囊，通过驱动取样模块在体内伸出以刷取标的样本，刷取的标的样本保存于取样装置内，如此不仅避免了传统疾病筛查、标本收集时施加于用户身上的痛苦，且收集的细胞数量相比体外收集更能满足需求，方便且易实施。
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种取样装置，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体；
    取样模块，置于所述壳体内，用于伸出所述壳体外获取标的样本；及
    致动模块，置于所述壳体内，用于驱动所述取样模块伸出或缩回所述壳体。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述壳体内存储保护液或缓冲液，所述取样模块获取的标的样本保存于所述保护液或缓冲液中。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述壳体上开设孔部，所述取样模块经由所述孔部伸出所述壳体外获取标的样本。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述壳体整体或局部区域包括至少一层疏水性多孔材料层，所述疏水性多孔材料层用以隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体，或者，所述壳体整体或局部区域包括至少一层疏水性多孔薄膜，所述疏水性多孔薄膜用以隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述孔部所在位置设置单向阀遮盖所述孔部，所述单向阀被所述取样模块推动离开或部分离开所述孔部，以允许所述取样模块伸出所述壳体，在所述取样模块缩回所述壳体后，所述单向阀重新遮盖所述孔部。
  6. 如权利要求2或3所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述壳体整体或者局部区域还包括至少一层自封闭材料层，所述取样模块穿过所述壳体在所述自封闭材料层 上形成的孔部在所述取样模块缩回所述壳体后自动闭合。
  7. 如权利要求1所述取样装置，其特征在于，所述壳体整体或局部区域还设置可溶解材料层，所述可溶解材料层在进入人体后被溶解。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述取样模块包括刷毛部以及所述刷毛部所依附的依附件，所述致动模块驱动所述依附件上下及/或左右摆动、转动或前后移动以使所述刷毛部的刷毛从所述壳体露出或缩回所述壳体；或者，所述致动模块驱动所述依附件体积增大或缩小，以使所述刷毛部的刷毛在所述依附件体积增大时从所述壳体露出、及在所述依附件体积缩小时缩回所述壳体内。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述致动模块包括作动单元、控制所述作动单元的控制单元及为所述致动模块整体提供能源的能量单元，所述作动单元与所述取样模块电连接、并在所述控制单元的控制下驱动所述取样模块伸出或缩回所述壳体。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述致动模块还包括一无线通信单元用于与一外部控制器建立通信连接，所述控制单元通过所述无线通信单元接收所述外部控制器的指令以启动或停止所述作动单元。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的取样装置，其特征在于，还包括一定位单元，所述定位单元用于通过所述无线通信单元给所述外部控制器提供定位信息，以供所述外部控制器获取所述取样装置所在位置。
  12. 如权利要求1或2所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述取样装置内部设置至少两个腔室，所述两个腔室之间密封隔开，所述致动模块设置于其中一个腔室内，所述取样模块设置于另一个腔室内。
  13. 如权利要求3所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述取样装置内部设置至少两个腔室，所述两个腔室之间密封隔开，所述致动模块设置于其中一个腔室内，所述取样模块设置于另一个腔室内，所述孔部对应所述取样模块所在腔室开设于所述壳体上。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的取样装置，其特征在于，所述取样装置为体内取样装置，或者，所述取样装置为消化道取样装置，或者，所述取样装置为一胶囊形状。
  15. 一种消化道取样胶囊，其特征在于，所述取样胶囊包括致动模块以及由所述致动模块驱动伸出和缩回所述取样胶囊的刷毛部，以刷取标的样本并将标的样本保存于所述取样胶囊内部。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的取样胶囊，其特征在于，所述取样胶囊内存储保护液或缓冲液，刷取的标的样本被保存于所述保护液或缓冲液中。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的取样胶囊，其特征在于，所述取样胶囊上设置隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体的装置或材料。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的取样胶囊，其特征在于，所述取样胶囊上开设孔部，所述刷毛部通过所述孔部伸出与缩回所述取样胶囊内，所述隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体的装置或材料为遮盖所述孔部的单向阀，所述单向阀被所述刷毛部推动离开或部分离开所 述孔部，以允许所述刷毛部伸出所述壳体，在所述刷毛部缩回所述壳体后，所述单向阀重新遮盖所述孔部。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的取样胶囊，其特征在于，所述隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体的装置或材料为自封闭材料层，所述自封闭材料层供所述刷毛部穿刺通过，并在所述刷毛部缩回所述取样胶囊内后，所述刷毛部穿刺形成的孔部自动闭合，以隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体。
  20. 如权利要求17所述的取样胶囊，其特征在于，所述隔离所述保护液或缓冲液与外界液体的装置或材料为疏水性多孔材料层或者疏水性多孔薄膜。
  21. 如权利要求16所述的取样胶囊，其特征在于，所述取样胶囊外包裹一层可溶解材料层，所述可溶解材料层在进入人体后被溶解。
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