WO2020099903A1

WO2020099903A1 - Method for converting magnetic field energy into electrical energy

Info

Publication number: WO2020099903A1
Application number: PCT/IB2018/058860
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Сергеевич ЛАГУТИН; Сергей Анатольевич СЕКЛЮЦКИЙ; Олег Анатольевич ГОЛОВКО
Original assignee: Сергей Сергеевич ЛАГУТИН; Сергей Анатольевич СЕКЛЮЦКИЙ; Олег Анатольевич ГОЛОВКО
Priority date: 2018-11-12
Filing date: 2018-11-12
Publication date: 2020-05-22

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical energy production by means of converting magnetic field energy and can be used during the creation of small-scale high-output electrical machines. An output winding is configured of counter-oriented sections connected in series, the number of which corresponds to the number of excitation elements, and two or more excitation elements and a secondary winding in a mutually perpendicular arrangement relative to one another, wherein during the transmission of the excitation field, the secondary output winding operates in a standing-wave mode in which the dynamic combination of the forces of induction fluxes of the excitation elements occurs.

Description

METHOD FOR MAGNETIC FIELD ENERGY CONVERSION IN

ELECTRIC POWER

The invention relates to the field of obtaining electric energy by converting magnetic field energy and can be used to create small-sized electric machines with high output power.

A receiver device is known for receiving a magnetic field and for generating electric energy by magnetic induction (RF Patent 2649968, publ. 06.04.18), containing at least one coil from an electric line. The magnetic field induces an electrical voltage in the coil during operation. The coil has an inductance. The receiving device and the coil are made to receive a magnetic field from the transmitting side. The receiving device has a housing containing at least one capacitor having a capacitance. The capacitor is electrically connected to the coil or at least one of the coils so as to form an electric circuit having a resonant frequency according to the inductance of the coil and capacitor capacitance. At least one capacitor is located on the side opposite to the receiving side in the protruding part of the housing.

The disadvantage of this design is the longitudinal, linear method of supplying the energy of the magnetic field of the inductor through the zone of zero sensitivity of the "antenna" of the receiver. With this method, high losses in the magnetic gap between the inductor and the "antenna" surface of the magnetic receiver are inevitable. Also, the disadvantage of this method is the necessary condition for maintaining the resonant frequency of energy transfer, which leads to a complication of the design, its cost and lower reliability of the device as a whole. Also known is a power transformer (RF Patent N ° 2433498, publ. 10.11.11g.), Containing the active part, namely the magnetic circuit and windings. The active part is placed in a tank filled with transformer oil. Inside the tank at the taps of one or more windings of the active part, built-in current transformers or groups of current transformers are installed. The transformer contains additional conductors. Each of the additional conductors is passed through the window of the corresponding current transformer or group of current transformers. The ends of each additional current lead are brought to the outer surface of the tank and isolated from it by, for example, bushing insulators. Only one end of each current lead can be brought to the outer surface of the tank, and the second is electrically connected to the tank on its inner surface. The technical result consists in simplifying the verification process of built-in current transformers and in reducing the economic costs of verification.

The disadvantage of this approach is a change in the design of the transformer, which requires coordination and changes to the design documentation of the manufacturer. Also, the presence of an additional technological hole in the oil-filled part of the tank leads to a decrease in the tightness of the main tank of the power transformer. A disadvantage can also be a decrease in the thickness of the insulating layer of transformer oil in the region of the additional grounded busbar in the narrow space of the window of the core of the current transformer, which leads to a decrease in the voltage of the breakdown of insulation. Not every manufacturer will go to the described conditions.

The closest analogue to the implementation of the Method for converting magnetic field energy into electrical energy and mechanical energy is a way of working electric DC machines with magnetic or electromagnetic excitation.

The technical problem for the solution of which the present invention is proposed is that the unit power of electric machines is limited by the weight and volume of materials used for the windings and the magnetic circuit.

The technical result consists in the application of such a topology of interaction between the fields of the excitation sources and the field of the output winding of the electric machine, in which it becomes possible to sequentially, parallelly, or sequentially-parallel summarize the fluxes of induction of the excitation sources, which results in an increase in the specific power of the device.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings: figure 1 - figure 11:

FIG. 1 - topology of the interaction of the field of excitation and the field of the working, secondary winding;

FIG. 2 - a device with series-parallel summation of the fluxes of induction of magnets;

FIG. 3 - a device with series-parallel summation of the fluxes of induction of the excitation coils located in the grooves of the magnetic circuit;

FIG. 4 - a device with series-parallel summation of the fluxes of induction excitation coils with flat windings;

FIG. 5 - circulation of the fluxes of magnetic induction in an axial device with series-parallel addition of fluxes of induction; FIG. 6 - end part of the stator magnetic circuit;

FIG. 7 - the central part of the stator magnetic circuit;

FIG. 8 - a device with a parallel summation of the fluxes of induction with excitation from permanent magnets; FIG. 9 - a device with a parallel summation of the fluxes of induction with excitation from the excitation coils;

FIG. 10 - a device with sequential summation of the fluxes of induction with excitation from permanent magnets;

FIG. 11 is a device with sequential summation of the fluxes of induction with excitation from the excitation coils.

The positions in the drawings indicate: 1 - excitation elements in the form of permanent magnets or field windings - primary windings, 2 - output or secondary winding, 3 - magnetic circuit of the excitation element, 4 - core of the output or secondary winding, 5 - axis of action of the field of the output winding, t .e. “Receiver antenna”, 6 - axis of maximum sensitivity of the output winding, i.e. "Receiver-antenna", 7 - radiation pattern of the "receiver-antenna" - output winding, 8 - current diagram of the "receiver-antenna" - output winding, 9 - voltage diagram of the "receiver-antenna" - output winding.

The inventive method implements a transverse topology of interacting magnetic fields of excitation and field output or working winding. In this topology (Fig. 1), the output winding 2 is an electromagnetic "receiver antenna" in the form of a quarter- or half-wave dipole, which operates in the "standing wave" mode in a wide frequency range limited by the parameters of the winding and its core 4 (for windings with steel core - from units to tens of kHz, for windings with a ferrite core from tens to hundreds of kHz, for windings without a core from hundreds of kHz to hundreds of MHz). In this case, the excitation from the excitation elements 1 is supplied in the zone of its maximum sensitivity, determined by the position of the output winding 2 with the core 4, i.e. perpendicular to the axis of the "receiver antenna". Day off winding 2 consists of counter-directional, series-connected sections, the number of which corresponds to the number of field elements 1 in the form of magnetic poles of permanent magnets or field windings facing the output winding 2. Section of the output winding 2 can also be connected in series-parallel groups, or all connected in parallel, observing the polarity of the windings, depending on the required output voltage. To obtain a multiphase voltage, the output winding 2 can be divided into two or more parallel branches located within the width of one magnetic pole of the excitation element 1.

Functionally, the field elements and the output winding can be interchanged. That is, the pathogen can act as an output element, from which electric or mechanical power is removed, and the output winding can serve as the pathogen.

When applying excitation from two or more excitation elements 1, a “standing” magnetic wave is formed in the core 4 of the output winding 2, in which the dynamic summation of the flux forces of the induction elements 1 occurs. Since the magnetic flux is two-component and contains electric and magnetic components, the output power of the device increases quadratically depending on the number of excitation elements 1. The summation of the flows can be either sequential, parallel or series-parallel - the principle of quadratic increase in the output power of the device works in all summation options.

Let us analyze the implementation of the method in four examples: Example 1. A single-phase alternator with two-sided transverse excitation of the output winding 2 (figure 2 - figure 4) and sequentially parallel summation of the fluxes of induction.

As the elements of the excitation 1 use both permanent magnets and excitation windings. Opposite magnetic poles of the excitation elements 1 are arranged with respect to each other as N - N, S - S and between them, in the plane perpendicular to the excitation flux vector, the output winding 2 is arranged. Thus, the summation of the fluxes of four induction sources elements of excitation 1. A sequential summation of the fluxes of induction occurs in the magnetic circuit 3, a parallel summation of the fluxes of induction occurs in the core 4 of the output winding 2. The output winding 2 can also be placed in the grooves between the teeth of its core 4, to reduce the magnitude of the magnetic gap, but immediately increase the moment of moving the electric machine.

The output winding 2 is made up of opposing, sequentially connected sections, the number of which corresponds to the number of magnetic field elements 1 facing the winding 2. The sections of the output winding 2 can also be connected in series-parallel groups, or all in parallel, observing the polarity of the inclusion, depending on the required value of the output voltage of the winding.

The magnetic field lines of the excitation elements 1, on the one hand, are closed through the magnetic circuit 3, and on the other hand, through the magnetic gaps on the core 4 of the output winding 2. Thus, in the core 4, opposite to the poles of the excitation elements 1, the regions S and N of the induced flux induction are induced . When the magnetic poles of the excitation move along the winding 2, in its core 4 occurs a cyclic change in the direction of the summed induction fluxes that create an EMF in the output working winding 2. If we divide the output working winding 2 into two, three or more parallel branches within the width of one magnetic field of excitation, we will get two, three or more phases of AC voltage.

Using the described example, a generator model was created. For the experiment, its windings were loaded with four 85 W lamps each, and the initial rotation was set. At the maximum permissible current of the windings, the long-term power output was 270 watts. This is five times higher than the nominal core size made of a 100 W toroidal transformer core cut in half.

Example 2. An axial generator with series-parallel addition of fluxes of induction (Fig.5 - Fig.7).

As the excitation elements 1, permanent magnets are used, mounted on the disk magnetic circuits of the rotor 3, which are located on both sides of the fixed stator. Opposite poles of magnets facing the stator from two sides are arranged as N - S, S - N and a stationary stator magnetic circuit is placed between them. The stator magnetic circuit is an armored core 4, which consists of an inner and outer part, between which there is a zigzag magnetic gap in the end part on both sides. The number of teeth and petals in the end parts of the stator magnetic circuit is equal to the number of magnets on the adjacent rotor disks. The output winding 2 is located in the inner cavity of the stator core, perpendicular to the plane of the location of the excitation elements. In Fig.6 shows a section of the end part of the magnetic core of the core 3 of the output winding 2, Fig.7 shows a section of the middle part of the magnetic core 3 of the output winding 2, which shows the inner and outer part of the core 4 of the output winding 2. The petals of the end part have a parallel connection on the inner parts of the stator core, the teeth are connected in parallel on the outer part of the stator core.

The circulation of the fluxes of magnetic induction is shown by arrows in FIG. 5. The sequential summation of the fluxes of the induction of excitation occurs in the magnetic circuit 3 of the rotor part, the parallel summation of the fluxes of the induction of excitation occurs in the magnetic circuit of the stator part of the electric machine.

Example 3. A generator (Fig. 8) and a transformer (Fig. 9) with a parallel summation of the fluxes of induction.

In this embodiment, the input and output circuits change their functions and the inductor winding here plays the role of the output winding 2. The “receiver antenna” here acts as an inductor 1, in which magnets or excitation coils are used. The elements of the inductor 1 have a counter inclusion, and their magnetic fluxes are fed by the magnetic cores of the connection of the excitation elements 3, perpendicular to the axis of the output winding 2 and are summed in parallel in the Central core. In this case, on the one side of the core 4 of the output winding 2, a region of local magnetization of one sign is created, on the other hand, of the other sign. Thus, a dynamic, parallel summation of the fluxes of induction of the elements of the pathogen 1 with a transverse inlet to the core 4 of the output winding 2 is created.

Example 4. Devices with sequential summation of the fluxes of induction (figure 10 - figure 11).

As the elements of the excitation 1 can be used as permanent magnets and excitation windings. Sequential the summation of the fluxes of induction occurs in the magnetic circuit of the inductor 2. The fluxes of two adjacent excitation elements are summarized 1. The device and the parameters of the elements are completely identical to those described in Example 1 with the difference that the input of the fluxes of induction to the core 4 of the output winding 2 is made by only one inductor.

Advantages of a generator based on the described method for converting magnetic field energy into electrical energy with summation of induction flows: simplicity of design, which can significantly reduce production costs; increased power output with small dimensions.

Also, an engine can be built on the described method. To do this, the output winding 2 is divided into two or more parallel branches located within the width of one magnetic pole of the excitation element 1. When a phase-shifted, switched voltage is applied to these windings, a torque occurs in the moving part of the device.

The advantages of an engine built on the described Method for converting magnetic field energy into electrical energy with the summation of the fluxes of induction: simplicity of design can significantly reduce (~ 3 times) material consumption by reducing the amount of metal magnetic core and winding; increased moment of force on the shaft due to the use of the Method of summing the fluxes of induction.

Variants of placement, layout of parts of an electric machine made on the method of converting magnetic field energy into electrical energy by summing the fluxes of induction. The excitation elements 1 can be located either on one or on two, three, or on all sides of the output winding 2. The output winding 2 can be located in the grooves of the magnetic circuit 3, between its “teeth”, or can be performed without it. Permanent magnets of the excitation element 1 can be used as with magnetic circuit, and without it, located on a non-magnetic frame. The active part, which includes one or more working windings, magnets, field windings, may take the form of a ring, drum, cylinder, disk, ball, toroid, sector, square, linear shape, or other, polygonal shapes. The excitation elements 1 can be made both in the form of a movable part (rotor), and in a fixed version (stator). Elements of the output winding 2 can be made both in the form of a moving part (rotor), and in a fixed version (stator).

Claims

Claim

1. The method of converting magnetic field energy into electrical energy with the summation of the fluxes of induction, which consists in the execution of the output winding, consisting of counter-directional, series-connected sections, the number of which corresponds to the number of excitation elements; in a mutually perpendicular arrangement of two or more excitation elements and a secondary winding in relation to each other; in this case, when the excitation field is applied, the output, secondary winding operates in the standing wave mode, in which the dynamic summation of the force of the fluxes of induction of the excitation elements occurs. The sections of the output winding can also be connected in series-parallel groups, or all in parallel, observing the polarity of the inclusion, depending on the desired magnitude of the output voltage of the winding.

2. A method of converting magnetic field energy into electrical energy by summing the fluxes of induction over and. 1 characterized in that functionally the excitation elements and the output winding can be interchanged. That is, the pathogen can act as an output element, from which electric or mechanical power is removed, and the output winding can serve as the pathogen.

3. A method of converting magnetic field energy into electrical energy by summing the fluxes of induction over and. 1 characterized in that in order to obtain a multiphase voltage, the output winding is divided into two or more parallel branches located within the width of one magnetic pole of the excitation element.