WO2020098709A1 - 一种电池的防反向充电电路及电池管理系统 - Google Patents

一种电池的防反向充电电路及电池管理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020098709A1
WO2020098709A1 PCT/CN2019/118098 CN2019118098W WO2020098709A1 WO 2020098709 A1 WO2020098709 A1 WO 2020098709A1 CN 2019118098 W CN2019118098 W CN 2019118098W WO 2020098709 A1 WO2020098709 A1 WO 2020098709A1
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Prior art keywords
circuit
battery
resistor
mos tube
reverse charging
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PCT/CN2019/118098
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦威
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Autel Robotics Co Ltd
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Autel Robotics Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/68—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements using circuits for correcting or protecting against reverse-polarity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery anti-reverse charging circuit and a battery management system.
  • the battery as an energy source is a necessary component for the operation of various electronic devices.
  • batteries provide power to various systems of the unmanned aerial vehicle to ensure the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle and aerial photography during the flight.
  • battery protection circuits are usually configured to provide protection functions such as over-discharge, over-charge, over-current, and over-temperature.
  • reverse charging There is also a relatively common problem in the use of batteries, that is, the case of reverse charging. For example, when the motor of the aircraft decelerates, a large reverse electromotive force (reverse charging voltage) is generated, and a reverse charging current is instantaneously generated, or the battery charger is reversely connected to generate a reverse charging voltage. Reverse charging may cause damage to components in the circuit, abnormal circuit operation, or even accidents such as drone bombing.
  • the battery protection circuit usually has the function of preventing reverse charging to ensure the safe use of the battery.
  • the general anti-reverse charging function is usually implemented in the following ways: 1.
  • the interface part of the battery adopts an anti-reverse connector; 2.
  • the reverse Schottky diode is directly added to the positive and negative output ports of the battery.
  • the inventor found that there are at least the following problems in the related art: 1.
  • the structure design of the joint is relied on. When there is a problem, the protection against reverse charging is completely invalid. 2.
  • the method of directly adding a reverse Schottky diode overcomes the above defects, but when the charger is reversed, the reverse charging is caused. Risk of bad components. Because when the charger is reversed, the reverse current flows directly through the Schottky diode. If the withstand current of the Schottky diode is less than the charging current of the charger, the Schottky diode will be burned out, which will further cause other elements. The device is damaged.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an anti-reverse charging circuit and a battery management system for a battery.
  • the anti-reverse charging of the battery it does not need to rely on the structural design of the anti-reverse connector, and can avoid the reverse
  • the charging current is directly applied to the device for preventing reverse charging to cause damage to the components and improve the safety of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an anti-reverse charging circuit for a battery, including:
  • Isolation circuit including isolation input end and isolation output end;
  • the protection circuit includes a protection input terminal and a protection output terminal, and the protection input terminal is connected to the isolated output terminal;
  • the charge and discharge circuit is connected to the protection output of the protection circuit
  • the isolation circuit When a reverse charging voltage is applied to the isolation input terminal of the isolation circuit, the isolation circuit is turned on, so that the protection circuit is in an on state, so that the charging and discharging circuit is in an off state, to cut off the reverse Charging circuit.
  • the isolation circuit includes a blocking diode, an anode of the isolation diode is connected to an output negative electrode of the battery as an isolation input terminal of the isolation circuit, and a cathode of the isolation diode is used as an isolation circuit
  • the isolated output terminal is connected to the protection input terminal of the protection circuit, and the isolated output terminal is also connected to the output positive electrode of the battery;
  • the output positive pole of the battery is a positive charging port of the battery
  • the output negative pole of the battery is a negative charging port of the battery
  • the protection circuit includes a first MOS tube and a first resistor
  • One end of the first resistor is connected to the isolation circuit, and one end of the first resistor is also connected to the gate of the first MOS tube, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first MOS
  • the source of the tube is connected, the source of the first MOS tube is also connected to the positive output of the battery, and the drain of the first MOS tube is connected to the charge and discharge circuit.
  • the protection circuit further includes a first zener diode, an anode of the first zener diode is connected to the source of the first MOS tube, and a cathode of the first zener diode is connected to all Describe the grid connection of the first MOS tube;
  • the first voltage stabilizing diode is used to stabilize the voltage of the gate source of the first MOS tube to protect the first MOS tube.
  • the protection circuit further includes a second resistor, the second resistor is connected in series with the first resistor, and one end of the second resistor is connected to the gate of the first MOS tube. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the isolation circuit as a protection input end of the protection circuit;
  • the second resistor is used for current limiting to protect the first MOS tube.
  • the charge and discharge circuit includes a discharge circuit and a charge circuit
  • the discharge circuit is connected to the protection output of the protection circuit, and the discharge circuit and the charging circuit are connected in series between the positive electrode of the battery and the output positive electrode of the battery;
  • the discharge circuit works in an off state to cut off the reverse charging loop.
  • the discharge circuit includes a second MOS tube, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor;
  • One end of the third resistor is connected to the output positive electrode of the battery, and the third resistor is also connected to the source of the second MOS tube, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to the fourth resistor Is connected to one end of the third resistor, and the other end of the third resistor is also connected to the gate of the second MOS tube, the drain of the second MOS tube is connected to the charging circuit, and the other of the fourth resistor One end is connected to the discharge driving end, wherein the discharge driving end is a port for applying a discharge driving voltage;
  • the protection circuit When the protection circuit is in a conducting state, the second MOS tube is turned off to cut off the reverse charging loop.
  • the discharge circuit further includes a second zener diode, an anode of the second zener diode is connected to the source of the second MOS tube, and a cathode of the second zener diode is connected to all The grid connection of the second MOS tube;
  • the second zener diode is used to stabilize the voltage of the gate source of the second MOS tube to protect the second MOS tube.
  • the charging circuit includes a third MOS tube, a fifth resistor, and a sixth resistor;
  • One end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the fifth resistor is also connected to the source of the third MOS tube, and the other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the sixth resistor One end is connected, and the other end of the fifth resistor is also connected to the gate of the third MOS tube, the drain of the third MOS tube is connected to the discharge circuit, and the other end of the sixth resistor It is connected to the charging driving end, wherein the charging driving end is a port for applying a charging driving voltage.
  • the charging circuit further includes a third zener diode, an anode of the third zener diode is connected to the source of the third MOS tube, and a cathode of the third zener diode is connected to all The gate connection of the third MOS tube;
  • the third voltage stabilizing diode is used to stabilize the voltage of the gate source of the third MOS tube to protect the third MOS tube.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery management system, including a battery and an anti-reverse charging circuit of the battery described above, the anti-reverse charging circuit of the battery being connected to the battery.
  • the isolation circuit when a reverse charging voltage is applied to the isolation input terminal of the isolation circuit of the anti-reverse charging circuit of the battery, the isolation circuit is turned on, so that the protection circuit of the anti-reverse charging circuit of the battery is On state, so that the charge and discharge circuit of the battery's anti-reverse charging circuit is off to cut off the reverse charging circuit, thereby preventing reverse charging of the battery, the battery's anti-reverse charging circuit does not need to rely on
  • the structural design of the connector can avoid the damage of components caused by the reverse charging current directly applied to the device for preventing reverse charging, and improve the safety of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of an anti-reverse charging circuit of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an anti-reverse charging circuit of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of another battery anti-reverse charging circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of another battery anti-reverse charging circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an anti-reverse charging circuit of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery includes an isolation circuit 10, a protection circuit 20, and a charging and discharging circuit 30.
  • the isolation circuit 10 is connected to the protection circuit 20, and the protection circuit 20 is connected to the charging and discharging circuit 30.
  • the isolation circuit 10 includes an isolation input 101 and an isolation output 102;
  • the protection circuit 20 includes a protection input 201 and a protection output 202.
  • the protection input terminal 201 of the protection circuit 20 is connected to the isolation input terminal 101 of the isolation circuit 10, and the protection output terminal 202 of the protection circuit 20 is connected to the charge and discharge circuit 30.
  • the isolation circuit 10 When a reverse charging voltage is applied to the isolation input terminal 101 of the isolation circuit 10, the isolation circuit 10 is turned on, so that the protection circuit 20 is in an on state, so that the charging and discharging circuit 30 is in an off state.
  • the charge-discharge circuit 30 serves as a switch for the main charge-discharge circuit of the battery, and is used to control the on-off of the main charge-discharge circuit of the battery.
  • the reverse charging circuit is cut off to cut off the reverse charging current, thereby preventing the reverse charging of the battery, so as to protect the battery and the reverse charging preventing circuit 100 of the battery.
  • the reverse charging voltage and the deceleration of the motor of the aircraft equipped with the battery can generate a reverse charging voltage, and the reverse charging voltage is applied to the isolation input 101 of the isolation circuit 10.
  • the positive pole of the charger when the positive pole of the charger is connected to the output negative pole of the battery, that is, to the negative charge port of the battery, and the negative pole of the charger is connected to the output positive pole of the battery, that is, to the positive pole of the battery, it will cause Reverse charging.
  • the above battery may be any type of battery, such as a lithium battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lead-acid battery, and so on.
  • the battery is made up of several single cells connected in series.
  • the battery is formed by connecting several single cells in series in order to meet the power supply requirements of various electrical equipment. For example, to meet the power requirements of flying motors of UAVs and other aircraft.
  • the battery includes 4 or more single cells, and the 4 or more single cells are connected in series to meet different power supply requirements.
  • the voltage of the charger used to charge the battery is greater than 16V to ensure the normal charging of the battery.
  • the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention can prevent the battery from being reversely charged to protect the battery.
  • the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery does not need to rely on the structural design of the anti-reverse connection connector, and can also avoid the direct charging current used to prevent reverse charging due to the reverse charging current. Damages the components on the device, and improves the safety of the battery.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an anti-reverse charging circuit of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the isolation circuit 10, the protection circuit 20, and the charge-discharge circuit 30 in the battery anti-reverse charging circuit 100 and the battery anti-reverse charging circuit 100 provided by an embodiment of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the isolation circuit 10 includes a blocking diode D1.
  • the anode of the isolation diode D1 is used as the isolation input terminal 101 of the isolation circuit 10 and the output negative electrode PACK- of the battery, and the cathode of the isolation diode D1 is used as the isolation output terminal 102 of the isolation circuit 10
  • the protection input terminal 201 of the protection circuit 20 is connected, and the isolation output terminal 102 is also connected to the output positive electrode PACK + of the battery.
  • the output negative PACK- of the battery is a negative charging port of the battery, and the output negative PACK- of the battery is also a negative output end of the battery.
  • the battery also includes an output positive PACK + of the battery, which is a positive charging port of the battery, and an output positive PACK + of the battery is also a positive output of the battery.
  • the positive pole of the charger is connected to the positive output PACK + of the battery, that is, the positive output of the battery PACK + input high voltage
  • the negative pole of the charger is connected to the negative output of the battery PACK-, which is the battery
  • the output negative PACK- input low voltage that is, the anode of the isolation diode D1 input low voltage.
  • the voltage of the anode of the isolation diode D1 is less than the voltage of the cathode of the isolation diode D1, so that the isolation diode D1 is reversely blocked, so that the protection circuit 20 is in an off state, so that the charge and discharge circuit 30 is in conduction In the on state, the charging current flows into the battery from the positive output PACK + of the battery to charge the battery.
  • the negative pole of the charger is connected to the positive output PACK + of the battery, that is, the positive output of the battery PACK + input low voltage, and the positive pole of the charger is connected to the negative output of the battery PACK-, which is The battery output negative PACK-input high voltage, that is, the anode of the isolation diode D1 input high voltage.
  • the voltage of the anode of the isolation diode D1 is greater than the voltage of the cathode of the isolation diode D1, so that the isolation diode D1 is forward-conducted, so that the protection circuit 20 is in a conducting state, so that the charge and discharge circuit 30 is in an off State, which prevents reverse charging current from flowing into the battery to protect the battery and improve the practical safety of the battery.
  • the response time of the isolation diode D1 is very short, using the isolation diode D1 can effectively improve the response speed of the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery.
  • the faster reaction speed can effectively prevent the sudden change of voltage and the peak voltage during reverse charging, and can effectively protect the battery and the reverse charging prevention circuit 100 of the battery from damage.
  • the cost of the isolation diode D1 is low, which can effectively save costs.
  • the isolation diode D1 may be any suitable diode, as long as it can achieve unidirectional conduction, that is, forward conduction and reverse blocking.
  • the isolation diode D1 may be a germanium diode (Ge tube), a silicon diode (Si tube), and so on.
  • the isolation diode D1 may be a small signal switching diode of type 1N4148WS.
  • the protection circuit 20 includes a first MOS transistor Q1 and a first resistor R1.
  • the first MOS tube Q1 is an NMOS tube.
  • One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the isolation circuit 10, and one end of the first resistor R1 is also connected to the gate (G pole) of the first MOS transistor Q1, and the first resistor R1 Is connected to the source (S pole) of the first MOS transistor Q1, the source (S pole) of the first MOS transistor Q1 is also connected to the output positive electrode PACK + of the battery, and the first MOS The drain (D pole) of the tube Q1 is connected to the charge and discharge circuit 30.
  • the first resistor R1 functions as a voltage divider.
  • the resistance of the first resistor R1 can be adjusted as needed to suit different circuits.
  • the first resistance R1 may be 10M ⁇ , 15M ⁇ , or the like.
  • the isolation diode D1 When the battery is normally charged, the isolation diode D1 is disconnected. At this time, the gate of the first MOS transistor Q1 and the source of the first MOS transistor Q1 are short-circuited together, that is, the gate voltage of the first MOS transistor Q1 and the first The source voltage of the MOS transistor Q1 is equal, and the first MOS transistor Q1 is turned off, so that the charging and discharging circuit 30 is in a conductive state, and then the charging current flows into the battery from the output positive PACK + of the battery to charge the battery.
  • the isolation diode D1 When the reverse charging occurs, the isolation diode D1 is turned on. At this time, due to the voltage division effect of the first resistor R1, the gate voltage of the first MOS transistor Q1 is greater than the source voltage of the first MOS transistor Q1, so that the first MOS The tube Q1 is turned on, so that the charging and discharging circuit 30 is in an off state, thereby preventing reverse charging current from flowing into the battery, so as to protect the battery, and improve the practical safety of the battery.
  • the response speed of the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery can be further improved, and the cost can be reduced.
  • the first MOS tube Q1 may be a MOS tube of type 2N7002ET1G or the like.
  • the protection circuit 20 further includes: a first Zener diode ZD1 and a second resistor R2, specifically See Figure 3.
  • the anode of the first zener diode ZD1 is connected to the source of the first MOS transistor Q1, and the cathode of the first zener diode ZD1 is connected to the gate of the first MOS transistor Q1 connection.
  • the first voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 is used to stabilize the voltage of the gate source of the first MOS transistor Q1 to prevent excessive gate-source voltage from damaging the first MOS transistor Q1, so as to protect the first MOS transistor Q1.
  • the voltage stabilizing range of the first voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 depends on the withstand voltage value of the gate and source of the first MOS transistor Q1. In order to protect the first MOS transistor Q1, the voltage stabilizing range of the first voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 is smaller than the gate-source withstand voltage value of the first MOS transistor Q1.
  • the first voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 may be any suitable diode, as long as it can achieve a voltage stabilizing function.
  • the first Zener diode ZD1 may be a Zener diode of type BZX384-C16.
  • the second resistor R2 is connected in series with the first resistor R1, one end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the gate of the first MOS transistor Q1, and the other end of the second resistor R2 serves as the protection
  • the protection input 201 of the circuit 20 is connected to the isolation circuit 10.
  • the second resistor R2 is used for current limiting to prevent excessive current from damaging the first MOS transistor Q1, so as to protect the first MOS transistor Q1.
  • the resistance of the second resistor R2 can be adjusted as needed to suit different circuits.
  • the second resistance R2 may be 10 k ⁇ , 15 k ⁇ , or the like.
  • the charging and discharging circuit 30 includes a discharging circuit 301 and a charging circuit 302.
  • the discharge circuit 301 is connected to the protection output 202 of the protection circuit 20, and the discharge circuit 301 and the charging circuit 302 are connected in series between the positive electrode B + of the battery and the positive output PACK + of the battery .
  • the positive electrode B + of the battery is the total positive terminal of the battery, that is, the highest voltage terminal of the battery pack.
  • the battery also includes the negative electrode B- of the battery, which is the total negative terminal of the battery, that is, the lowest voltage terminal of the battery pack.
  • the discharge circuit 301 works in the off state to cut off the reverse charging loop and prevent the reverse charging current from flowing into the battery to prevent the battery from being reversely charged.
  • the discharge circuit 301 includes a second MOS transistor Q2, a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4.
  • the second MOS tube Q2 is an NMOS tube.
  • One end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the output positive PACK + of the battery, and the third resistor R3 is also connected to the source of the second MOS transistor Q2, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to One end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is also connected to the gate of the second MOS transistor Q2, and the drain of the second MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the charging circuit 302 is connected, and the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the discharge driving terminal DSG.
  • the discharge driving terminal DSG is a port for applying a discharge driving voltage.
  • the discharge driving voltage applied to the discharge driving terminal DSG is a high voltage
  • the second MOS transistor Q2 is turned on.
  • the protection circuit 20 When the protection circuit 20 is in a conducting state, the second MOS transistor Q2 is turned off to cut off the reverse charging circuit and prevent the reverse charging current from flowing into the battery to prevent the battery from being reversely charged.
  • the third resistor R3 functions as a voltage divider.
  • the resistance of the third resistor R3 can be adjusted as needed to suit different circuits.
  • the third resistor R3 may be 10M ⁇ , 15M ⁇ , or the like.
  • the fourth resistor R4 is used for current limiting to prevent excessive current from damaging the second MOS transistor Q2, so as to protect the second MOS transistor Q2.
  • the resistance of the fourth resistor R4 can be adjusted as needed to suit different circuits.
  • the fourth resistor R4 may be 10k ⁇ , 15k ⁇ , or the like.
  • the discharge circuit 301 further includes: a second Zener diode ZD2, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the anode of the second zener diode ZD2 is connected to the source of the second MOS tube Q2, and the cathode of the second zener diode ZD2 is connected to the gate of the second MOS tube Q2 connection.
  • the second voltage stabilizing diode ZD2 is used to stabilize the voltage of the gate and source of the second MOS transistor Q2, to prevent excessive gate-source voltage from damaging the second MOS transistor Q2, so as to protect the second MOS transistor Q2.
  • the voltage stabilizing range of the second zener diode ZD2 depends on the withstand voltage value of the gate source of the second MOS transistor Q2. In order to protect the second MOS transistor Q2, the voltage stabilizing range of the second zener diode ZD2 is smaller than the withstand voltage value of the gate-source of the second MOS transistor Q2.
  • the second voltage stabilizing diode ZD2 may be any suitable diode, as long as it can realize the voltage stabilizing function.
  • the second Zener diode ZD2 may be a Zener diode of type BZX384-C16.
  • the charging circuit includes a third MOS transistor Q3, a fifth resistor R5 and a sixth resistor R6.
  • the third MOS tube Q3 is an NMOS tube.
  • One end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the positive electrode B + of the battery, and the fifth resistor R5 is also connected to the source of the third MOS transistor Q3, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the One end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is also connected to the gate of the third MOS transistor Q3, and the drain of the third MOS transistor Q3 is connected to the discharge circuit 301 Connected, the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the charge drive terminal CHG.
  • the charging driving terminal CHG is a port for applying a charging driving voltage.
  • the third MOS transistor Q3 is turned on.
  • the fifth resistor R5 functions as a voltage divider.
  • the resistance of the fifth resistor R5 can be adjusted as needed to suit different circuits.
  • the fifth resistor R5 may be 10M ⁇ , 15M ⁇ , or the like.
  • the sixth resistor R6 is used for current limiting to prevent excessive current from damaging the third MOS transistor Q3, so as to protect the third MOS transistor Q3.
  • the resistance of the sixth resistor R6 can be adjusted as needed to suit different circuits.
  • the sixth resistor R6 may be 10 k ⁇ , 15 k ⁇ , or the like.
  • the charging circuit 302 further includes: a third voltage stabilizing diode ZD3, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the anode of the third zener diode ZD3 is connected to the source of the third MOS tube Q3, and the cathode of the third zener diode ZD3 is connected to the gate of the third MOS tube Q3 connection.
  • the third voltage stabilizing diode ZD3 is used to stabilize the voltage of the gate and source of the third MOS transistor Q3 to prevent excessive gate-source voltage from damaging the third MOS transistor Q3 so as to protect the third MOS transistor Q3.
  • the voltage stabilizing range of the third voltage stabilizing diode ZD3 depends on the withstand voltage value of the gate source of the third MOS transistor Q3. In order to protect the third MOS transistor Q3, the voltage stabilizing range of the third voltage stabilizing diode ZD3 is smaller than the withstand voltage value of the gate source of the third MOS transistor Q3.
  • the third voltage stabilizing diode ZD3 can be any suitable diode, as long as it can realize the voltage stabilizing function.
  • the third Zener diode ZD3 may be a Zener diode of type BZX384-C16.
  • the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery shown further includes a detection resistor SENSE.
  • the detection resistor SENSE is connected between the negative electrode B- of the battery and the negative output electrode PACK- of the battery. Also, the negative electrode B of the battery is grounded to GND.
  • the detection resistor SENSE is used to detect the current in the circuit when the battery is charged and discharged, and the voltage applied across the detection resistor SENSE.
  • the gate voltage of the first MOS transistor Q1 is equal to the source voltage of the first MOS transistor Q1 due to the reverse blocking of the isolation diode D1, so the first The MOS transistor Q1 is in the off state.
  • a high voltage is applied to the charge drive terminal CHG and the discharge drive terminal DSG. This high voltage is higher than the voltage of the battery's positive B +, usually higher than about 12V. This high voltage may also be other than the battery's positive B + voltage.
  • the gate voltage of the second MOS transistor Q2 is substantially equal to the driving voltage of the discharge driving terminal DSG
  • the gate voltage of the third MOS transistor Q3 is substantially equal to the driving voltage of the charging driving terminal CHG to drive the first
  • the second MOS transistor Q2 and the third MOS transistor Q3 in the charging circuit 302 are turned on.
  • the voltage of the output positive PACK + of the battery is basically equal to the voltage of the positive B + of the battery. Among them, there will be some voltage drop when the current flows through the second MOS transistor Q2 and the third MOS transistor Q3.
  • the third MOS transistor Q3 is turned on, so the battery can be charged and discharged normally.
  • the gate-source voltage of a MOS transistor Q1 is sufficient to drive the first MOS transistor Q1 to turn on.
  • the gate of the second MOS transistor Q2 and the source of the second MOS transistor Q2 are shorted together, and the gate-source voltage of the second MOS transistor Q2 is the same, so that the second MOS transistor Q2 Q2 is disconnected, which in turn makes the reverse charging circuit cut off, thereby achieving the purpose of prohibiting reverse charging and improving the practical safety of the battery.
  • the voltage range applied by the battery anti-reverse charging circuit 100 depends on the withstand voltage range of the first MOS transistor Q1. Therefore, in order to adapt to different voltage requirements, the source of the first MOS transistor Q1 can be adjusted The voltage value of the drain is used to adjust the applied voltage range of the battery's anti-reverse charging circuit 100.
  • the second MOS transistor Q2 and the third MOS transistor Q3 may also be connected in parallel with one or more MOS transistors.
  • one or more of the first MOS transistor Q1, the second MOS transistor Q2, and the third MOS transistor Q3 may also be used to realize the first MOS transistor Q1, the first The functions of the second MOS transistor Q2 and the third MOS transistor Q3 are replaced.
  • the above transistors are replaced with transistors.
  • the first transistor T1 replaces the first MOS transistor Q1
  • the second transistor T2 replaces the first The second MOS transistor Q2 and the third transistor T3 replace the third MOS transistor Q3, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the first transistor T1, the second transistor T2, and the third transistor T3 are NPN type crystal transistors.
  • the connection structure of the base (pole B) of the first transistor T1, the second transistor T2, and the third transistor T3 in the circuit in FIG. 4 is respectively connected to the first MOS transistor Q1, the second MOS transistor Q2,
  • the connection structure of the gate of the third MOS transistor Q3 in the circuit in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 is the same; the emitters (E poles) of the first transistor T1, the second transistor T2, and the third transistor T3 are in
  • the connection structure of the circuit in FIG. 4 is the same as the connection structure of the circuits in FIG. 2 or FIG.
  • the connection structure of the collector (C pole) of the second transistor T2 and the third transistor T3 in the circuit in FIG. 4 is respectively connected to the first MOS transistor Q1, the second MOS transistor Q2, and the third MOS transistor Q3
  • the connection structure of the circuit of the drain in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 is the same, so it will not be repeated here. For details, please refer to the above description.
  • the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention, when a reverse charging voltage is applied to the isolation input terminal 101 of the isolation circuit 10 of the anti-reverse charging circuit of the battery, the isolation circuit 10 is turned on so that the battery
  • the protection circuit 20 of the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 is in an on state, so that the charge-discharge circuit 30 of the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery is in an off state to cut off the reverse charging circuit, thereby preventing reverse charging of the battery.
  • the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery does not need to rely on the structural design of the anti-reverse connector, and can avoid the damage of components due to the reverse charging current directly applied to the device used for anti-reverse charging, and improve the battery's Safe to use.
  • the battery's anti-reverse charging circuit 100 is a pure hardware circuit built using diodes, transistors, etc., it can effectively improve the response speed of the battery's anti-reverse charging circuit 100 and save costs, which is particularly suitable for A battery composed of a plurality of single cells connected in series prevents reverse charging.
  • the battery management system 200 is used to prevent reverse charging of various batteries, such as lithium batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, or other storage batteries.
  • the battery management system 200 includes a battery 300 and the above-mentioned anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery.
  • the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery is connected to the battery 300.
  • the battery 300 can be used to provide power for various electronic devices, such as aircrafts (such as drones, etc.), automobiles, electric bicycles, terminal devices, wearable devices, and the like.
  • the battery 300 can also be charged by various devices, such as a charger to charge the battery 300.
  • the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery is used to cut the reverse charging circuit when the battery 300 is reversely charged, thereby preventing the reverse charging of the battery 300.
  • the anti-reverse charging circuit 100 of the battery does not need to rely on the structural design of the anti-reverse connector, and can avoid the damage of components due to the reverse charging current directly applied to the device used for anti-reverse charging, improving the battery 300 Safe to use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及电池技术领域，公开了一种电池的防反向充电电路及电池管理系统。其中，该电池的防反向充电电路包括：隔离电路，包括隔离输入端与隔离输出端；保护电路，包括保护输入端与保护输出端，保护输入端与隔离输出端连接；充放电电路，与保护电路的保护输出端连接；当隔离电路的隔离输入端被施加反向充电电压时，隔离电路导通，使得保护电路处于导通状态，以使得充放电电路处于断开状态，以切断反向充电回路。本发明实施例提供的电池的防反向充电电路及电池管理系统，在对于电池的防反向充电上，既无需依赖防反接的接头的结构设计，又可以避免因反向充电电流直接加在用于防反向充电的器件上而造成元器件损坏，提高电池的使用安全。

Description

一种电池的防反向充电电路及电池管理系统
【相关申请交叉引用】
本申请要求于2018年11月14日申请的、申请号为201811351085.2、申请名称为“一种电池的防反向充电电路及电池管理系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池的防反向充电电路及电池管理系统。
背景技术
电池作为能量来源是各种电子设备运行的必要部件。例如，以飞行器，如无人机为例，通过电池为无人机的各个系统提供电能，以保证无人机的飞行及在飞行过程的航拍等。在电池的应用中，通常都会配置有电池保护电路，以为电池提供过放电、过充电、过电流、过温度等保护功能。在电池的使用中还有存在一种比较常见的问题，就是反向充电的情况。例如，飞行器的电机减速的时候会产生较大的反向电动势(反向充电电压)，瞬间会产生反向充电的电流，或者电池的充电器反接而产生反向充电电压。而反向充电可能导致线路中的元器件等损坏，电路工作异常，甚至导致无人机炸机等事故。
因此，为了防止反向充电而烧坏元器件，通常在电池保护电路中有具备防止反向充电的功能，以保证电池安全使用。目前，一般的防反向充电的功能通常采用以下方式实现：1、电池的接口部分采用防反接的接头；2、在电池正负极输出端口直接加反向肖特基二极管。
在实现本发明过程中，发明人发现相关技术中至少存在如下问题：1、对于采用防反接接头的方式而言，依靠的是接头的结构设计，当由于外部因素等导致接头在结构上出现问题时，则防反向充电的保护完全失效；2、采用直接加反向肖特基二极管的方式虽然克服了上述缺陷， 但是当由于充电器接反导致反向充电时，该方式则存在烧坏元器件的风险。因为在充电器接反的时候，反向电流直接由肖特基二极管上流过，如果肖特基二极管的耐电流小于充电器的充电电流则就会烧坏肖特基二极管，从而进一步导致其它元器件损坏。
发明内容
本发明实施例目的旨在提供一种电池的防反向充电电路及电池管理系统，在对于电池的防反向充电上，既无需依赖防反接的接头的结构设计，又可以避免因反向充电电流直接加在用于防反向充电的器件上而造成元器件损坏，提高电池的使用安全。
本发明实施例公开了以下技术方案：
在第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种电池的防反向充电电路，包括：
隔离电路，包括隔离输入端与隔离输出端；
保护电路，包括保护输入端与保护输出端，所述保护输入端与所述隔离输出端连接；
充放电电路，与所述保护电路的保护输出端连接；
当所述隔离电路的隔离输入端被施加反向充电电压时，所述隔离电路导通，使得所述保护电路处于导通状态，以使得所述充放电电路处于断开状态，以切断反向充电回路。
在一些实施例中，所述隔离电路包括隔断二极管，所述隔离二极管的阳极作为所述隔离电路的隔离输入端与所述电池的输出负极连接，所述隔离二极管的阴极作为所述隔离电路的隔离输出端与所述保护电路的保护输入端连接，并且，所述隔离输出端还与所述电池的输出正极连接；
其中，所述电池的输出正极为电池的正极充电端口，所述电池的输出负极为电池的负极充电端口。
在一些实施例中，所述保护电路包括第一MOS管和第一电阻；
所述第一电阻的一端与所述隔离电路连接，并且，所述第一电阻的 一端还与所述第一MOS管的栅极连接，所述第一电阻的另一端与所述第一MOS管的源极连接，所述第一MOS管的源极还与所述电池的输出正极连接，所述第一MOS管的漏极与所述充放电电路连接。
在一些实施例中，所述保护电路还包括第一稳压二极管，所述第一稳压二极管的阳极与所述第一MOS管的源极连接，所述第一稳压二极管的阴极与所述第一MOS管的栅极连接；
所述第一稳压二极管用于稳定所述第一MOS管栅源极的电压，以保护所述第一MOS管。
在一些实施例中，所述保护电路还包括第二电阻，所述第二电阻与所述第一电阻串联连接，所述第二电阻的一端与所述第一MOS管的栅极连接，所述第二电阻的另一端作为所述保护电路的保护输入端与所述隔离电路连接；
所述第二电阻用于限流，以保护所述第一MOS管。
在一些实施例中，所述充放电电路包括放电电路和充电电路；
所述放电电路与所述保护电路的保护输出端连接，并且，所述放电电路与所述充电电路串联连接在所述电池的正极与所述电池的输出正极之间；
当所述保护电路处于导通状态时，所述放电电路工作在断开状态，以切断所述反向充电回路。
在一些实施例中，所述放电电路包括第二MOS管、第三电阻和第四电阻；
所述第三电阻的一端连接于所述电池的输出正极，并且，所述第三电阻还与所述第二MOS管的源极连接，所述第三电阻的另一端与所述第四电阻的一端连接，并且，所述第三电阻的另一端还与所述第二MOS管的栅极连接，所述第二MOS管的漏极与所述充电电路连接，所述第四电阻的另一端连接于放电驱动端，其中，所述放电驱动端为用于施加放电驱动电压的端口；
当所述保护电路处于导通状态时，所述第二MOS管断开，以切断所述反向充电回路。
在一些实施例中，所述放电电路还包括第二稳压二极管，所述第二稳压二极管的阳极与所述第二MOS管的源极连接，所述第二稳压二极管的阴极与所述第二MOS管的栅极连接；
所述第二稳压二极管用于稳定所述第二MOS管栅源极的电压，以保护所述第二MOS管。
在一些实施例中，所述充电电路包括第三MOS管、第五电阻和第六电阻；
所述第五电阻的一端连接于所述电池的正极，并且，所述第五电阻还与所述第三MOS管的源极连接，所述第五电阻的另一端与所述第六电阻的一端连接，并且，所述第五电阻的另一端还与所述第三MOS管的栅极连接，所述第三MOS管的漏极与所述放电电路连接，所述第六电阻的另一端连接于充电驱动端，其中，所述充电驱动端为用于施加充电驱动电压的端口。
在一些实施例中，所述充电电路还包括第三稳压二极管，所述第三稳压二极管的阳极与所述第三MOS管的源极连接，所述第三稳压二极管的阴极与所述第三MOS管的栅极连接；
所述第三稳压二极管用于稳定所述第三MOS管栅源极的电压，以保护所述第三MOS管。
在第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种电池管理系统，包括电池及如上所述的电池的防反向充电电路，所述电池的防反向充电电路与所述电池连接。
在本发明各个实施例中，当电池的防反向充电电路的隔离电路的隔离输入端被施加反向充电电压时，该隔离电路导通，使得电池的防反向充电电路的保护电路处于导通状态，从而使得电池的防反向充电电路的充放电电路处于断开状态，以切断反向充电回路，从而防止电池的反向充电，该电池的防反向充电电路既无需依赖防反接的接头的结构设计，又可以避免因反向充电电流直接加在用于防反向充电的器件上而造成 元器件损坏，提高电池的使用安全。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明，这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定，附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件，除非有特别申明，附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种电池的防反向充电电路的电路结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的一种电池的防反向充电电路的电路图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的另一种电池的防反向充电电路的电路图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的另一种电池的防反向充电电路的电路图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的一种电池管理系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明 型的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
图1是本发明实施例提供一种电池的防反向充电电路的示意图。其中，该电池的防反向充电电路100包括：隔离电路10、保护电路20以及充放电电路30。其中，隔离电路10与保护电路20连接，保护电路20与充放电电路30连接。
具体的，隔离电路10包括隔离输入端101与隔离输出端102；保护电路20包括保护输入端201与保护输出端202。该保护电路20的保护输入端201与隔离电路10的隔离输入端101连接，保护电路20的保护输出端202与充放电电路30连接。
当该隔离电路10的隔离输入端101被施加反向充电电压时，该隔离电路10导通，使得该保护电路20处于导通状态，从而使得该充放电电路30处于断开状态。其中，充放电电路30作为电池的充放电主回路的开关，用于控制电池的充放电主回路的通断。当充放电电路30处于断开状态时，则切断反向充电回路，截断反向充电电流，从而防止电池的反向充电，以保护电池及电池的防反向充电电路100。
其中，充电器反接以及配置有该电池的飞行器的电机减速等情况，均可产生反向充电电压，进而使得该反向充电电压施加于隔离电路10的隔离输入端101。
例如，当充电器的正极接到电池的输出负极，也即接到电池的负极充电端口，充电器的负极接到电池的输出正极，也即接到电池的正极充电端口时，则会引起电池的反向充电。
需要说明的是，上述电池可以为任何类型的电池，如锂电池、镉镍电池、镍氢电池、铅酸电池等等。并且该电池为由若干个单体电池串联而成。电池采用若干个单体电池串联而成以便于满足各种用电设备的供 电需求。例如，满足无人机等飞行器的电机升空的功率需要。例如，该电池包括有4个或4个以上的单体电池，该4个或4个以上的单体电池串联连接，以满足不同的供电需求。与之适应的，用于为该电池充电的充电器的电压大于16V，以保证电池的正常充电。
通过本发明实施例提供的电池的防反向充电电路100可以实现防止电池反向充电，以保护电池。并且，在对于电池的防反向充电上，该电池的防反向充电电路100既无需依赖防反接的接头的结构设计，又可以避免因反向充电电流直接加在用于防反向充电的器件上而造成元器件损坏，提高电池的使用安全。
请参阅图2，为本发明实施例提供的电池的防反向充电电路的电路图。下面结合图2对本发明实施例提供的电池的防反向充电电路100及电池的防反向充电电路100中的隔离电路10、保护电路20及充放电电路30进行详细说明。
如图2所示，该隔离电路10包括隔断二极管D1。其中，所述隔离二极管D1的阳极作为所述隔离电路10的隔离输入端101与所述电池的输出负极PACK-连接，所述隔离二极管D1的阴极作为所述隔离电路10的隔离输出端102与所述保护电路20的保护输入端201连接，并且，所述隔离输出端102还与所述电池的输出正极PACK+连接。
其中，所述电池的输出负极PACK-为电池的负极充电端口，并且，电池的输出负极PACK-也为电池的负极输出端。此外，与之相应地，电池还包括有电池的输出正极PACK+，该电池的输出正极PACK+为电池的正极充电端口，并且，电池的输出正极PACK+也为电池的正极输出端。
当电池放电时，放电电流由电池的输出正极PACK+经用电设备等负载回到电池的输出负极PACK-。
当电池正常充电时，以外接充电器为例，充电器的正极连接电池的输出正极PACK+，也即电池的输出正极PACK+输入高电压，充电器的负极连接电池的输出负极PACK-，也即电池的输出负极PACK-输入低电压，即隔离二极管D1的阳极输入低电压。此时，隔离二极管D1的阳极的电压小于隔离二极管D1的阴极的电压，从而使得隔离二极管D1反向阻断， 使得所述保护电路20处于断开状态，以使得所述充放电电路30处于导通状态，进而充电电流由电池的输出正极PACK+流入电池，以为电池充电。
而当反向充电时，以外接充电器为例，充电器的负极连接电池的输出正极PACK+，也即电池的输出正极PACK+输入低电压，充电器的正极连接电池的输出负极PACK-，也即电池的输出负极PACK-输入高电压，即隔离二极管D1的阳极输入高电压。此时，隔离二极管D1的阳极的电压大于隔离二极管D1的阴极的电压，从而使得隔离二极管D1正向导通，使得所述保护电路20处于导通状态，以使得所述充放电电路30处于断开状态，进而阻止反向充电电流流入电池，以保护电池，提高电池的实用安全。
由于隔离二极管D1的响应时间很短，采用该隔离二极管D1可以有效的提高电池的防反向充电电路100的响应速度。而较快的反应速度可以有效的防止反向充电时，电压的突变及尖峰电压，可以有效的防护电池及电池的防反向充电电路100不受损坏。此外，隔离二极管D1的成本低廉，可以有效的节约成本。
需要说明的是，该隔离二极管D1可以为任何合适的二极管，只要能够实现单向导通即可，也即正向导通，反向阻断。例如，该隔离二极管D1可以为锗二极管(Ge管)和硅二极管(Si管)等等。
在一些实现方式中，该隔离二极管D1可以为型号为1N4148WS的小信号开关二极管等。
保护电路20包括第一MOS管Q1和第一电阻R1。其中，第一MOS管Q1为NMOS管。所述第一电阻R1的一端与所述隔离电路10连接，并且，所述第一电阻R1的一端还与所述第一MOS管Q1的栅极(G极)连接，所述第一电阻R1的另一端与所述第一MOS管Q1的源极(S极)连接，所述第一MOS管Q1的源极(S极)还与所述电池的输出正极PACK+连接，所述第一MOS管Q1的漏极(D极)与所述充放电电路30连接。
其中，第一电阻R1起分压的作用。第一电阻R1的阻值可以根据需要进行调整，以适应不同的电路。例如，该第一电阻R1可以为10MΩ、 15MΩ等。
当电池正常充电时，隔离二极管D1断开，此时，第一MOS管Q1的栅极与第一MOS管Q1源极短接在一起，也即第一MOS管Q1的栅极电压与第一MOS管Q1源极电压相等，第一MOS管Q1断开，以使得所述充放电电路30处于导通状态，进而充电电流由电池的输出正极PACK+流入电池，以为电池充电。
而当反向充电时，隔离二极管D1导通，此时，由于第一电阻R1的分压作用，使得第一MOS管Q1的栅极电压大于第一MOS管Q1源极电压，从而第一MOS管Q1导通，以使得所述充放电电路30处于断开状态，进而阻止反向充电电流流入电池，以保护电池，提高电池的实用安全。
由于第一MOS管Q1具有响应快、成本低廉等特点，因此，可以进一步提高电池的防反向充电电路100的响应速度，以及降低成本。
在一些实现方式中，该第一MOS管Q1可以为型号为2N7002ET1G的MOS管等。
在一些实施例中，为了进一步保护电池的防反向充电电路100中的元器件，如第一MOS管Q1，该保护电路20还包括：第一稳压二极管ZD1以及第二电阻R2，具体可参见图3。
如图3所示，所述第一稳压二极管ZD1的阳极与所述第一MOS管Q1的源极连接，所述第一稳压二极管ZD1的阴极与所述第一MOS管Q1的栅极连接。
所述第一稳压二极管ZD1用于稳定所述第一MOS管Q1栅源极的电压，防止过高的栅源极电压而损坏第一MOS管Q1，以便保护所述第一MOS管Q1。
其中，第一稳压二极管ZD1的稳压范围取决于第一MOS管Q1的栅源极耐压值。为了保护第一MOS管Q1，第一稳压二极管ZD1的稳压范围小于第一MOS管Q1的栅源极耐压值。
需要说明的是，该第一稳压二极管ZD1可以为任何合适的二极管，只要能实现稳压功能即可。例如，该第一稳压二极管ZD1可以为型号为BZX384-C16的稳压二极管。
所述第二电阻R2与所述第一电阻R1串联连接，所述第二电阻R2的一端与所述第一MOS管Q1的栅极连接，所述第二电阻R2的另一端作为所述保护电路20的保护输入端201与所述隔离电路10连接。
所述第二电阻R2用于限流，防止电流过大损坏第一MOS管Q1，以便保护所述第一MOS管Q1。
第二电阻R2的阻值可以根据需要进行调整，以适应不同的电路。例如，该第二电阻R2可以为10kΩ、15kΩ等。
请复参阅图2，该充放电电路30包括放电电路301和充电电路302。所述放电电路301与所述保护电路20的保护输出端202连接，并且，所述放电电路301与所述充电电路302串联连接在所述电池的正极B+与所述电池的输出正极PACK+之间。
其中，电池的正极B+为电池的总正端，也即为电池组的最高电压端。此外，与之相应地，电池还包括电池的负极B-，该电池的负极B-为电池的总负端，也即为电池组的最低电压端。
当所述保护电路20处于导通状态时，所述放电电路301工作在断开状态，以切断所述反向充电回路，阻止反向充电电流流入电池，以实现防止电池反向充电。
其中，所述放电电路301包括第二MOS管Q2、第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4。
其中，第二MOS管Q2为NMOS管。所述第三电阻R3的一端连接于所述电池的输出正极PACK+，并且，所述第三电阻R3还与所述第二MOS管Q2的源极连接，所述第三电阻R3的另一端与所述第四电阻R4的一端连接，并且，所述第三电阻R3的另一端还与所述第二MOS管Q2的栅极连接，所述第二MOS管Q2的漏极与所述充电电路302连接，所述第四电阻R4的另一端连接于放电驱动端DSG。
其中，所述放电驱动端DSG为用于施加放电驱动电压的端口。在正常充放电情况下，当放电驱动端DSG被施加的放电驱动电压为高电压时，第二MOS管Q2导通。
当所述保护电路20处于导通状态时，所述第二MOS管Q2断开，以 切断所述反向充电回路，阻止反向充电电流流入电池，以实现防止电池反向充电。
其中，第三电阻R3起分压的作用。第三电阻R3的阻值可以根据需要进行调整，以适应不同的电路。例如，该第三电阻R3可以为10MΩ、15MΩ等。
所述第四电阻R4用于限流，防止电流过大损坏第二MOS管Q2，以便保护所述第二MOS管Q2。第四电阻R4的阻值可以根据需要进行调整，以适应不同的电路。例如，该第四电阻R4可以为10kΩ、15kΩ等。
在一些实施例中，为了进一步保护电池的防反向充电电路100中的元器件，如第二MOS管Q2，该放电电路301还包括：第二稳压二极管ZD2，具体可参见图3。
如图3所示，所述第二稳压二极管ZD2的阳极与所述第二MOS管Q2的源极连接，所述第二稳压二极管ZD2的阴极与所述第二MOS管Q2的栅极连接。
所述第二稳压二极管ZD2用于稳定所述第二MOS管Q2栅源极的电压，防止过高的栅源极电压而损坏第二MOS管Q2，以便保护所述第二MOS管Q2。
其中，第二稳压二极管ZD2的稳压范围取决于第二MOS管Q2的栅源极耐压值。为了保护第二MOS管Q2，第二稳压二极管ZD2的稳压范围小于第二MOS管Q2的栅源极耐压值。
需要说明的是，该第二稳压二极管ZD2可以为任何合适的二极管，只要能实现稳压功能即可。例如，该第二稳压二极管ZD2可以为型号为BZX384-C16的稳压二极管。
请复参阅2，所述充电电路包括第三MOS管Q3、第五电阻R5和第六电阻R6。
其中，第三MOS管Q3为NMOS管。所述第五电阻R5的一端连接于所述电池的正极B+，并且，所述第五电阻R5还与所述第三MOS管Q3的源极连接，所述第五电阻R5的另一端与所述第六电阻R6的一端连接，并且，所述第五电阻R5的另一端还与所述第三MOS管Q3的栅极连接， 所述第三MOS管Q3的漏极与所述放电电路301连接，所述第六电阻R6的另一端连接于充电驱动端CHG。
其中，所述充电驱动端CHG为用于施加充电驱动电压的端口。在正常充放电情况下，当充电驱动端CHG被施加的充电驱动电压为高电压时，第三MOS管Q3导通。
其中，第五电阻R5起分压的作用。第五电阻R5的阻值可以根据需要进行调整，以适应不同的电路。例如，该第五电阻R5可以为10MΩ、15MΩ等。
所述第六电阻R6用于限流，防止电流过大损坏第三MOS管Q3，以便保护所述第三MOS管Q3。第六电阻R6的阻值可以根据需要进行调整，以适应不同的电路。例如，该第六电阻R6可以为10kΩ、15kΩ等。
在一些实施例中，为了进一步保护电池的防反向充电电路100中的元器件，如第三MOS管Q3，该充电电路302还包括：第三稳压二极管ZD3，具体可参见图3。
如图3所示，所述第三稳压二极管ZD3的阳极与所述第三MOS管Q3的源极连接，所述第三稳压二极管ZD3的阴极与所述第三MOS管Q3的栅极连接。
所述第三稳压二极管ZD3用于稳定所述第三MOS管Q3栅源极的电压，防止过高的栅源极电压而损坏第三MOS管Q3，以便保护所述第三MOS管Q3。
其中，第三稳压二极管ZD3的稳压范围取决于第三MOS管Q3的栅源极耐压值。为了保护第三MOS管Q3，第三稳压二极管ZD3的稳压范围小于第三MOS管Q3的栅源极耐压值。
需要说明的是，该第三稳压二极管ZD3可以为任何合适的二极管，只要能实现稳压功能即可。例如，该第三稳压二极管ZD3可以为型号为BZX384-C16的稳压二极管。
请复参阅图2，所示电池的防反向充电电路100还包括检测电阻SENSE。该检测电阻SENSE连接在所述电池的负极B-与所述电池的输出负极PACK-之间。并且，该电池的负极B-接地GND。该检测电阻SENSE 用于检测电池充放电时，回路中的电流、以及施加于检测电阻SENSE两端的电压等。
以下是本发明实施例提供的电池的防反向充电电路100的工作原理：
请参阅图2或图3，当电池正常充电或放电的时候，由于隔离二极管D1的反向阻断，所以第一MOS管Q1的栅极电压等于第一MOS管Q1源极电压，故第一MOS管Q1处于断开状态。充电驱动端CHG和放电驱动端DSG均被施加一个高电压，该高电压高于电池的正极B+的电压，通常会高于12V左右，该高电压也有可能是其它高于电池的正极B+电压的电压值，此时，第二MOS管Q2栅极电压基本等于放电驱动端DSG的驱动电压，第三MOS管Q3栅极电压基本等于充电驱动端CHG的驱动电压，以驱动放电电路301中的第二MOS管Q2和充电电路302中的第三MOS管Q3导通。电池的输出正极PACK+的电压基本等于电池的正极B+的电压，其中，由于第二MOS管Q2、第三MOS管Q3在有电流流过的时候会有一些压降，由于第二MOS管Q2以及第三MOS管Q3导通，因此电池可以正常的充放电。
当反向充电的时候，例如充电器反接的时候，即电池的输出负极PACK-输入高电压，电池的输出正极PACK+输入低电压。此时，为高电压的反向充电电压施加于隔断二极管D1的阳极，高电压由电池的输出负极PACK-经过隔断二极管D1，再经过第二电阻R2和第一电阻R1及第一稳压二极管ZD1稳压之后，施加于第一MOS管Q1的源极，并且，由于第一电阻R1的分压作用，使得第一MOS管Q1的栅极高于第一MOS管Q1的源极电压，第一MOS管Q1的栅源极电压就足以驱动第一MOS管Q1导通。当第一MOS管Q1导通时，第二MOS管Q2的栅极与第二MOS管Q2的源极短接在一起，第二MOS管Q2的栅源极电压一致，从而使得第二MOS管Q2断开，进而使得反向充电回路切断，进而实现禁止反向充电的目的，提高电池的实用安全。
在本发明实施例中，电池的防反向充电电路100应用的电压范围取决于第一MOS管Q1的耐压范围，因此，为了适应不同的电压需求，可 以通过调整第一MOS管Q1的源漏极的耐压值来调整电池的防反向充电电路100的应用电压范围。
需要说明的是，在一些其他实施例中，上述第二MOS管Q2、第三MOS管Q3还可并联一个或多个MOS管。
需要说明的是，在一些其它实施例中，上述第一MOS管Q1、第二MOS管Q2、第三MOS管Q3中的一个或多个也可以用其它可实现上述第一MOS管Q1、第二MOS管Q2、第三MOS管Q3的功能的器件进行替代，例如，用三极管替代上述各个MOS管，如用第一三极管T1代替第一MOS管Q1，第二三极管T2代替第二MOS管Q2，第三三极管T3代替第三MOS管Q3，具体可参见图4。
其中，第一三极管T1、第二三极管T2、第三三极管T3为NPN型晶体三极管。第一三极管T1、第二三极管T2、第三三极管T3的基极(B极)在图4中的电路的连接结构分别与第一MOS管Q1、第二MOS管Q2、第三MOS管Q3的栅极在图2或图3中的电路的连接结构相同；第一三极管T1、第二三极管T2、第三三极管T3的发射极(E极)在图4中的电路的连接结构分别与第一MOS管Q1、第二MOS管Q2、第三MOS管Q3的源极在图2或图3中的电路的连接结构相同，第一三极管T1、第二三极管T2、第三三极管T3的集电极(C极)在图4中的电路的连接结构分别与第一MOS管Q1、第二MOS管Q2、第三MOS管Q3的漏极在图2或图3中的电路的连接结构相同，因此，在此不再赘述，具体可参考上述描述。
本发明实施例提供的电池的防反向充电电路100，当电池的防反向充电电路的隔离电路10的隔离输入端101被施加反向充电电压时，该隔离电路10导通，使得电池的防反向充电电路100的保护电路20处于导通状态，从而使得电池的防反向充电电路100的充放电电路30处于断开状态，以切断反向充电回路，从而防止电池的反向充电。该电池的防反向充电电路100既无需依赖防反接的接头的结构设计，又可以避免因反向充电电流直接加在用于防反向充电的器件上而造成元器件损坏，提高电池的使用安全。
并且，由于电池的防反向充电电路100为采用二极管、三极管电阻等搭建的纯硬件电路，因此，可以有效的提高电池的防反向充电电路100的响应速度快，节约成本，特别适用于由多个串联的单体电池组成的电池的防止反向充电。
请参阅图5，为本发明实施例提供的一种电池管理系统。该电池管理系统200用于防止各种电池的反向充电，例如，锂电池、镍镉电池或其他蓄电池等。该电池管理系统200包括电池300及如上所述的电池的防反向充电电路100，所述电池的防反向充电电路100与所述电池300连接。该电池300可用于为各种电子设备提供电力，如飞行器(如无人机等)、汽车、电动自行车、终端设备、可穿戴设备等。该电池300还可以通过各种设备进行充电，如通过充电器为电池300进行充电。该电池的防反向充电电路100用于在电池300反向充电时，切断反向充电回路，从而防止电池300的反向充电。该电池的防反向充电电路100既无需依赖防反接的接头的结构设计，又可以避免因反向充电电流直接加在用于防反向充电的器件上而造成元器件损坏，提高电池300的使用安全。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；在本发明的思路下，以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合，步骤可以以任意顺序实现，并存在如上所述的本发明的不同方面的许多其它变化，为了简明，它们没有在细节中提供；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池的防反向充电电路，其特征在于，包括：
    隔离电路，包括隔离输入端与隔离输出端；
    保护电路，包括保护输入端与保护输出端，所述保护输入端与所述隔离输出端连接；
    充放电电路，与所述保护电路的保护输出端连接；
    当所述隔离电路的隔离输入端被施加反向充电电压时，所述隔离电路导通，使得所述保护电路处于导通状态，以使得所述充放电电路处于断开状态，以切断反向充电回路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池的防反向充电电路，其特征在于，所述隔离电路包括隔断二极管，所述隔离二极管的阳极作为所述隔离电路的隔离输入端与所述电池的输出负极连接，所述隔离二极管的阴极作为所述隔离电路的隔离输出端与所述保护电路的保护输入端连接，并且，所述隔离输出端还与所述电池的输出正极连接；
    其中，所述电池的输出正极为电池的正极充电端口，所述电池的输出负极为电池的负极充电端口。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池的防反向充电电路，其特征在于，所述保护电路包括第一MOS管和第一电阻；
    所述第一电阻的一端与所述隔离电路连接，并且，所述第一电阻的一端还与所述第一MOS管的栅极连接，所述第一电阻的另一端与所述第一MOS管的源极连接，所述第一MOS管的源极还与所述电池的输出正极连接，所述第一MOS管的漏极与所述充放电电路连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池的防反向充电电路，其特征在于，所述保护电路还包括第一稳压二极管，所述第一稳压二极管的阳极与所述第一MOS管的源极连接，所述第一稳压二极管的阴极与所述第一MOS 管的栅极连接；
    所述第一稳压二极管用于稳定所述第一MOS管栅源极的电压，以保护所述第一MOS管。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的电池的防反向充电电路，其特征在于，所述保护电路还包括第二电阻，所述第二电阻与所述第一电阻串联连接，所述第二电阻的一端与所述第一MOS管的栅极连接，所述第二电阻的另一端作为所述保护电路的保护输入端与所述隔离电路连接；
    所述第二电阻用于限流，以保护所述第一MOS管。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池的防反向充电电路，其特征在于，所述充放电电路包括放电电路和充电电路；
    所述放电电路与所述保护电路的保护输出端连接，并且，所述放电电路与所述充电电路串联连接在所述电池的正极与所述电池的输出正极之间；
    当所述保护电路处于导通状态时，所述放电电路工作在断开状态，以切断所述反向充电回路。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池的防反向充电电路，其特征在于，所述放电电路包括第二MOS管、第三电阻和第四电阻；
    所述第三电阻的一端连接于所述电池的输出正极，并且，所述第三电阻还与所述第二MOS管的源极连接，所述第三电阻的另一端与所述第四电阻的一端连接，并且，所述第三电阻的另一端还与所述第二MOS管的栅极连接，所述第二MOS管的漏极与所述充电电路连接，所述第四电阻的另一端连接于放电驱动端，其中，所述放电驱动端为用于施加放电驱动电压的端口；
    当所述保护电路处于导通状态时，所述第二MOS管断开，以切断所述反向充电回路。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池的防反向充电电路，其特征在于，所述放电电路还包括第二稳压二极管，所述第二稳压二极管的阳极与所述第二MOS管的源极连接，所述第二稳压二极管的阴极与所述第二MOS管的栅极连接；
    所述第二稳压二极管用于稳定所述第二MOS管栅源极的电压，以保护所述第二MOS管。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8任一项所述的电池的防反向充电电路，其特征在于，所述充电电路包括第三MOS管、第五电阻和第六电阻；
    所述第五电阻的一端连接于所述电池的正极，并且，所述第五电阻还与所述第三MOS管的源极连接，所述第五电阻的另一端与所述第六电阻的一端连接，并且，所述第五电阻的另一端还与所述第三MOS管的栅极连接，所述第三MOS管的漏极与所述放电电路连接，所述第六电阻的另一端连接于充电驱动端，其中，所述充电驱动端为用于施加充电驱动电压的端口。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池的防反向充电电路，其特征在于，所述充电电路还包括第三稳压二极管，所述第三稳压二极管的阳极与所述第三MOS管的源极连接，所述第三稳压二极管的阴极与所述第三MOS管的栅极连接；
    所述第三稳压二极管用于稳定所述第三MOS管栅源极的电压，以保护所述第三MOS管。
  11. 一种电池管理系统，其特征在于，包括电池及如权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池的防反向充电电路，所述电池的防反向充电电路与所述电池连接。
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