WO2020097580A1 - Systèmes de panneau d'éclairage bioactif - Google Patents

Systèmes de panneau d'éclairage bioactif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020097580A1
WO2020097580A1 PCT/US2019/060642 US2019060642W WO2020097580A1 WO 2020097580 A1 WO2020097580 A1 WO 2020097580A1 US 2019060642 W US2019060642 W US 2019060642W WO 2020097580 A1 WO2020097580 A1 WO 2020097580A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lighting
color
blue
channel
light
Prior art date
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PCT/US2019/060642
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raghuram L. V. PETLURI
Paul Kenneth Pickard
Original Assignee
Ecosense Lighting Inc.
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Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2019/013356 external-priority patent/WO2019140306A1/fr
Priority claimed from PCT/US2019/013359 external-priority patent/WO2019140309A1/fr
Priority claimed from PCT/US2019/013379 external-priority patent/WO2019140326A1/fr
Priority claimed from PCT/US2019/013380 external-priority patent/WO2019140327A2/fr
Application filed by Ecosense Lighting Inc. filed Critical Ecosense Lighting Inc.
Publication of WO2020097580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020097580A1/fr
Priority to US17/316,216 priority Critical patent/US20220005404A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0618—Psychological treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/065—Light sources therefor
    • A61N2005/0651—Diodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0658—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used
    • A61N2005/0662—Visible light

Definitions

  • This disclosure is in the field digital display devices.
  • the disclosure relates to devices for use in, and methods of, providing lighting systems for use in bioactive display systems that can provide controllable biological effects.
  • Displays for digital content can rely on arrays of pixels that produce individual color points. Displays can be backlit with a white light source, which can be LED-based, and then filtered at the pixel-level to produce colored pixels as desired. Alternatively, displays that are not based on backlighting with white light and filtering downstream can include LEDs at the pixel-level that directly emit light at each colored pixel.
  • the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram maps out the human color perception in terms of two CIE parameters x and y.
  • the spectral colors are distributed around the edge of the outlined space, which includes all of the hues perceived by the human eye.
  • the boundary line represents maximum saturation for the spectral colors, and the interior portion represents less saturated colors including white light.
  • the diagram also depicts the Planckian locus, also referred to as the black body locus (BBL), with correlated color temperatures, which represents the chromaticity coordinates (i.e., color points) that correspond to radiation from a black-body at different temperatures.
  • BBL black body locus
  • correlated color temperatures which represents the chromaticity coordinates (i.e., color points) that correspond to radiation from a black-body at different temperatures.
  • Illuminants that produce light on or near the BBL can thus be described in terms of their correlated color temperatures (CCT).
  • CCT correlated color temperatures
  • Color rendering index is described as an indication of the vibrancy of the color of light being produced by a light source.
  • the CRI is a relative measure of the shift in surface color of an object when lit by a particular lamp as compared to a reference light source, typically either a black-body radiator or the daylight spectrum. The higher the CRI value for a particular light source, the better that the light source renders the colors of various objects it is used to illuminate.
  • Color rendering performance may be characterized via standard metrics known in the art.
  • Fidelity Index (Rf) and the Gamut Index (Rg) can be calculated based on the color rendition of a light source for 99 color evaluation samples (“CES”).
  • the 99 CES provide uniform color space coverage, are intended to be spectral sensitivity neutral, and provide color samples that correspond to a variety of real objects.
  • Rf values range from 0 to 100 and indicate the fidelity with which a light source renders colors as compared with a reference illuminant. In practical terms, the Rf is a relative measure of the shift in surface color of an object when lit by a particular lamp as compared to a reference light source, typically either a black- body radiator or the daylight spectrum.
  • the Gamut Index Rg evaluates how well a light source saturates or desaturates the 99 CES compared to the reference source.
  • LEDs have the potential to exhibit very high power efficiencies relative to conventional incandescent or fluorescent lights. Most LEDs are substantially monochromatic light sources that appear to emit light having a single color. Thus, the spectral power distribution of the light emitted by most LEDs is tightly centered about a“peak” wavelength, which is the single wavelength where the spectral power distribution or“emission spectrum” of the LED reaches its maximum as detected by a photo-detector. LEDs typically have a full-width half-maximum wavelength range of about 10 nm to 30 nm, comparatively narrow with respect to the broad range of visible light to the human eye, which ranges from approximately from 380 nm to 800 nm.
  • lighting systems that include two or more LEDs that each emit a light of a different color.
  • the different colors combine to produce a desired intensity and/or color of white light.
  • the resulting combined light may appear white, or nearly white, depending on, for example, the relative intensities, peak wavelengths and spectral power distributions of the source red, green and blue LEDs.
  • the aggregate emissions from red, green, and blue LEDs typically provide poor color rendering for general illumination applications due to the gaps in the spectral power distribution in regions remote from the peak wavelengths of the LEDs.
  • White light may also be produced by utilizing one or more luminescent materials such as phosphors to convert some of the light emitted by one or more LEDs to light of one or more other colors.
  • the combination of the light emitted by the LEDs that is not converted by the luminescent material(s) and the light of other colors that are emitted by the luminescent material(s) may produce a white or near-white light.
  • LED lamps have been provided that can emit white light with different CCT values within a range. Such lamps utilize two or more LEDs, with or without luminescent materials, with respective drive currents that are increased or decreased to increase or decrease the amount of light emitted by each LED. By controllably altering the power to the various LEDs in the lamp, the overall light emitted can be tuned to different CCT values. The range of CCT values that can be provided with adequate color rendering values and efficiency is limited by the selection of LEDs.
  • the spectral profiles of light emitted by white artificial lighting can impact circadian physiology, alertness, and cognitive performance levels.
  • Bright artificial light can be used in a number of therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), certain sleep problems, depression, jet lag, sleep disturbances in those with Parkinson’s disease, the health consequences associated with shift work, and the resetting of the human circadian clock.
  • Artificial lighting may change natural processes, interfere with melatonin production, or disrupt the circadian rhythm. Blue light may have a greater tendency than other colored light to affect living organisms through the disruption of their biological processes which can rely upon natural cycles of daylight and darkness. Exposure to blue light late in the evening and at night may be detrimental to one’s health. Some blue or royal blue light within lower wavelengths can have hazardous effects to human eyes and skin, such as causing damage to the retina.
  • Red light has been shown to have some potential benefits to biological systems and operations.
  • the present disclosure provides aspects of bioactive panel systems, methods and devices including one or more LED-based lighting channels adapted to generate a first circadian stimulating energy (CSE) blue light output in a first operational mode; one or more LED-based lighting channels adapted to generate a second circadian stimulating energy which provides less-CSE output in a second operational mode; and, one or more LED-based lighting channels adapted to generate a long red and near infrared (LRNE) red light output in a third operational mode.
  • CSE circadian stimulating energy
  • LRNE near infrared
  • the CSE blue light has a first bioactive
  • the less-CSE blue light output has a second bioactive characteristic related to an associated second spectral power distribution of light generated in the second operational mode.
  • the LRNE red light output has a third bioactive characteristic related to an associated third spectral power distribution of light generated in the third operational mode. In some instances the LRNE red light output has a third bioactive characteristic related to an associated third spectral power distribution of light generated in the third operational mode.
  • the present disclosure provides aspects of bioactive panel systems, methods and devices including one or more LED-based lighting channels adapted to generate a first circadian stimulating energy (CSE) blue light output in a first operational mode; one or more LED-based lighting channels adapted to generate a second circadian stimulating energy which provides less-CSE output in a second operational mode; and, one or more LED-based lighting channels adapted to generate a long red and near infrared (LRNE) red light output in a third operational mode and the one or more LED-based lighting channels provide one of individual pixels in a pixel array, microLED pixels or OLED pixels. In some instances different combinations of different types of pixels are used in the first , second and third operational modes.
  • CSE circadian stimulating energy
  • LRNE near infrared
  • a first type of pixel is used in the first operational mode and the first type of pixel is not used in the second operational mode. In some instances a first type of pixel is used in the first operational mode and the first type of pixel is not used in the third operational mode.
  • the LED-based lighting channels provide one or more white light sources for a backlighting system in the panel system. In some instances the one or more white light sources are provided as white lighting channels comprising an LED and an associated luminophoric medium that a produce a combined white light at a white color point within ⁇ 7 DUV of the Planckian locus on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram. In some instances the panel system comprises two or more white lighting channels, with a first white lighting channel used in the first operational mode and a second white lighting channel used in the second operational mode.
  • the above disclosed panel systems and methdos may be used in different combinations of different types of the plurality of lighting channels are used in a first bioactive mode and a second bioactive mode.
  • the above described panel systems and methods provides bioactive LRNE emissions between at least one of 625 and 700 nms, 640 and 670nms, and 700 and l400nms.
  • the above described panel systems and methods provides bioactive CSE emissions with a circadian-stimulating energy characteristic comprise one or more of the percentages of spectral power in the wavelength ranges of 470 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 480 nm, 480 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 490 nm, and 490 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 500 nm in comparison to the total energy from 320 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 800 nm in the first and second spectral power distributions, respectively.
  • the present disclosure provides aspects of bioactive panel systems, methods and devices including providing one of bioactive CSE and bioactive LRNE via a panel system. In some instances generating a CSE circadian-inducing blue light output in a first operational mode and a less-circadian-inducing blue light output in a second operational mode. In some instances generating a CSE circadian-inducing blue light output in a first operational mode and a LRNE red light output in a third operational mode.
  • the present disclosure provides aspects of methods, systems, and devices for a control system comprising: at least one external device generating a circadian stimulating energy (CSE); at least one processor; and at least one memory.
  • the memory may store instructions that, when executed on the processor, can cause the control system to at least: output a first CSE by a first external device; receive feedback comprising external information associated with the first external device; adjust a parameter of the first external device, based on the feedback; and output a second CSE by the first external device.
  • the one or more external devices can comprise a mobile device, a wearable device, a sensor, a panel system, a master device, a lighting device, and a computing system.
  • One or more external devices may also be configured to sense one or more of temperature, pressure, ambient lighting conditions, localized lighting conditions, lighting spectrum characteristics, humidity, UV light, sound, particles, pollutants, gases, radiation, location of objects or items, and motion.
  • wearable device can be incorporated in at least one of armbands, wrist bands, chest bands, glasses, or clothing.
  • one or more external devices are configured to sense one or more of a person' s temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, activity type, activity level, galvanic skin response, respiratory rate, cholesterol level (including HDL, LDL and triglyceride), hormone or adrenal levels (e.g., Cortisol, thyroid, adrenaline, melatonin, and others), histamine levels, immune system characteristics, blood alcohol levels, drug content, macro and micro nutrients, mood, emotional state, alertness, and sleepiness.
  • a person's temperature blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, activity type, activity level, galvanic skin response, respiratory rate, cholesterol level (including HDL, LDL and triglyceride), hormone or adrenal levels (e.g., Cortisol, thyroid, adrenaline, melatonin, and others), histamine levels, immune system characteristics, blood alcohol levels, drug content, macro and micro nutrients, mood, emotional state, alertness, and sleepiness.
  • hormone or adrenal levels e.g., Cortisol, thyroid
  • the at least one external device is a panel system comprising: one or more LED-based lighting channels adapted to generate a first circadian stimulating energy (CSE) blue light output in a first operational mode; one or more LED-based lighting channels adapted to generate a second circadian stimulating energy which provides less-CSE output in a second operational mode; and, one or more LED-based lighting channels adapted to generate a long red and near infrared (LRNE) red light output in a third operational mode.
  • CSE circadian stimulating energy
  • LRNE near infrared
  • FIG 1 illustrates aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure
  • FIG 2 illustrates aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of lighting systems therein;
  • FIGs 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d illustrates aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including spectral power distributions for some exemplary lighting channels;
  • FIG 4 illustrates aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure
  • FIG 5 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 6 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 7 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 8 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 9 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 10 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 11 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 12 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 13 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 14 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 15 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color points for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 16 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 17A and FIG. 17B illustrate some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 18 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure in comparison with some prior art and some theoretical light sources, including some light characteristics of white light generated by panel systems in various operational modes;
  • FIG. 19 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG. 20 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG. 21 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIGs 22A-22B illustrate some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 23 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 24 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for light generated by components of the panel systems
  • FIG 25 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for light generated by components of the panel systems
  • FIG 26 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for light generated by components of the panel systems;
  • FIG 27 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for light generated by components of the panel systems.
  • FIG 28 illustrates some aspects of panel systems according to the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for light generated by components of the panel systems.
  • FIG. 29 illustrates some aspects of light emitting devices according to the present disclosure, including aspects of LRNE spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the devices.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates some aspects of light emitting devices according to the present disclosure, including aspects of LRNE spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the devices.
  • FIG. 31 illustrates some aspects of light emitting devices according to the present disclosure, including aspects of LRNE spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the devices.
  • FIG. 32 illustrates some aspects of display systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the display systems;
  • FIG. 33 illustrates some aspects of display systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the display systems;
  • FIG. 34 illustrates some aspects of display systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the display systems;
  • FIG. 35 illustrates some aspects of display systems according to the present disclosure, including aspects of spectral power distributions for light generated by components of the display systems;
  • FIG. 36 illustrates some aspects of LRNE spectral power distributions for light generated by components of lighting systems according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 37 illustrates some aspects of LRNE spectral power distributions for light generated by components of lighting systems according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 38 illustrates some aspects of LRNE spectral power distributions for light generated by components of lighting systems according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 39 illustrates some aspects of LRNE spectral power distributions for light generated by components of lighting systems according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 40 illustrates some aspects of LRNE spectral power distributions for light generated by components of lighting systems according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 41 illustrates aspects of the bioactive illumination.
  • FIG. 42 is a block diagram of computing systems and methods of control of bioactive illumination.
  • FIG. 43 is an overview of a bioactive illumination control systems and methods. All descriptions and callouts in the Figures are hereby incorporated by this reference as if fully set forth herein.
  • the term“circadian-stimulating energy characteristics” refers to any characteristics of a spectral power distribution that may have biological effects on a subject.
  • the circadian-stimulating energy characteristics of aspects of the lighting systems of this disclosure can include one or more of CS, CLA, EML, BLH, CER, CAF, LEF, circadian power, circadian flux, and the relative amount of power within one or more particular wavelength ranges.
  • Circadian-stimulating energy may be referred to as“CSE”.
  • the application of CSE to biological systems in doses, amount , aliquots and volumes may be referred to as CSE therapy.
  • Exposure to blue light including CSE affects various bio- physiological functions of the human body and may be called“bioactive”. Many of these effects are beneficial. For instance, a region of what is commonly called the blue wavelength region of light may improve memory performance and cognitive function. Exposure to blue wavelength light during memory consolidation has been shown to improve subsequent delayed memory recall when compared to placebo wavelength light exposure. Alkozei, A., Smith R., Dailey N.S., Bajaj S., & Killgore W.D.S.
  • blue wavelength light may decrease blood pressure, increase blood flow, and improve overall endothelial function.
  • Full body irradiation with blue light has been shown to promote release nitric oxide from the skin into circulating blood.
  • systolic blood pressure and vascular resistance have been shown to decrease.
  • Blue Light Hazard is a known risk and the measure of BLH provides a measure of potential for a photochemical induced retinal injury that results from radiation exposure. Such exposure is one factor which has been linked to photoreceptor damage. It has been reported that the blue light appears to decrease Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) energy production in retinal ganglion cells. This has a negative effect on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress which has been shown to decrease survival of ganglion cells. Tosini, G., Ferguson, I., & Tsubota, K. (2016). Effects of Blue Light on the Circadian System and Eye
  • Blue light is not the only light in the visible spectrum that can be used to affect bio- physiological functions (also referred to herein as“bioactive”) of the human body.
  • therapy which may include doses of long red and near- IR: Long Red typically with a spectrum of > 625 nms to ⁇ 700 nms with peak wavelengths > 640 - 670nm and Near-Infrared typical ranges from >700 nms and ⁇ l400nm (with typical peak wavelengths: 850nm, 940nm, l064nm) may affect bio- physiological functions and are also described herein as“bioactive” they
  • the spectral sensitivity corresponding to the human eye can be considered to be based on the color-matching functions of the 1931 Standard Observer (XYZ tristimulus values for CIE 1931 2° color-matching), which show that the effect of light above 700 nm on color perception to be substantially negligible. In other words, it will have no significant impact on the overall (ccx, ccy) color point on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram of emitted light from a lighting system.
  • the present disclosure relates to long red and near infrared lighting channels that can provide long red and near infrared energy (“LRNE”).
  • Long red and near infrared channels can provide one or both of Visible LRNE and Non-Visible LRNE.
  • Visible LRNE refers to light having spectral power in wavelengths between about 625 nm and about 700 nm.
  • Non-Visible LRNE refers to light having spectral power in wavelengths greater than or equal to about 700 nm.
  • the Long Red and Near Infrared Channels of the present disclosure can be part of one or more red channels involved in color-tuning and providing white light, or as separate channel that can be operated independently of color-tuning requirements.
  • LRNE may be beneficial by reducing, limiting, counteracting or ameliorating some of the negative effects associated with excessive blue light exposure.
  • Disclosed herein are methods and systems to provide therapeutic doses of LRNE either to address a biological condition or as a prophylactic or health supplement means to limit or prevent at least one of an emotional, neurological, immune, and biological condition or system.
  • “Bioactive Exposure“ refers to one or both of LRNE and CSE and directing at least one of LRNE and CSE at a biological system which may be a specific organ or any part of the body.
  • the lighting systems can have one or more LRNE lighting channels configured to provide Visible LRNE, Non-Visible LRNE, or both Visible and Non- Visible LRNE.
  • the Bioactive Exposure may be controlled by a control system (described herein, see e.g., FIG. 43 whereby at least one controller, e.g., a computing device receives inputs including fixed, variable and dynamically changing from a variety of sources and the processor associated with the system and method applies at least one of LRNE and CSE in accordance with said control system.
  • Control input data is at least one of input by: users, server, database, derived from a decisioning engine and collected by at least one sensor.
  • the inputs are provided to a processor via signal communication.
  • the processor may be local to the therapeutic device, remote from the therapeutic device or the processing may take place both locally and remote from the therapeutic device.
  • Control systems disclosed herein may adjust the amount and timing of aliquots of Bioactive Exposure.
  • the control of aliquots and frequency in response to input may be used to dynamically adjust the therapeutic or health supplement application of CSE or LRNE to users.
  • Dynamic adjustment of Bioactive Exposure to a user may be viewed as personalized whereby data harvested from sensors in the lighting installation environment as well as sensors that reflect information about users, such as one or more of physiological sensors (including wearable devices, such as armbands, wrist bands, chest bands, glasses, clothing, and the like), sensors on various devices used by a user, ambient sensors, and the like.
  • the control system may have modules within the platform which may connect to or integrate with data sources of information about users as described below.
  • LRNE improve skin health and appearance by the application of LRNE therapy.
  • LRNE can reduce acute and chronic inflammation by increasing blood flow to damaged tissues.
  • LRNE may be applied to increase natural collagen production, resulting in younger, healthier looking skin. Rats that were exposed to doses of LRN experienced an increase in collagen synthesis and neoformed bone. Brassoliatti, P. et al. (2016). Photobiomodulation on Critical Bone Defects of Rat Calvaria: A Systematic Review. Lasers in Medical Science 33(9), 1841-1848.
  • LRN therapy Patients dealing with acne or depigmentation conditions, such as vitiligo, may benefit from undergoing LRN therapy, as it can control sebum production (which leads to acne), and it can stimulate melanocyte proliferation (which enhances skin re-pigmentation). Skin that has been wounded, burned, or scarred also repairs more rapidly if it is exposed to LRN, as red light significantly increases tensile strength and wound contraction while decreasing inflammation.
  • Avci P. et al. (2013). Low-level Laser (Light) Therapy (LLLT) in Skin: Stimulating, Healing, Restoring. Semin Cutan Medical Surgery (32)(1), 41-52.
  • LRNE therapy may be used in conjunction with or as an alternative treatment to hormone regulating drugs typically used to treat hair loss.
  • LRNE exposure has been shown to be a treatment in terms of hair regrowth. Gupta, A.K., Mays, et al. (2016). Efficacy of Non-Surgical Treatments for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta- Analysis. Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 32(12), 2112-2125. Research has also demonstrated that LRNE exposure may lead to improved cognitive function with few side effects.
  • E. LRNE therapy may be able to counteract, limit or ameliorate the negative effects from excessive CSE and blue light exposure.
  • CSE blue light
  • red light from the sun
  • an overload of artificial blue light such as CSE by itself may be determinantal.
  • This damage can be mitigated through LRN exposure. Balancing and/or controlling a exposure of both artificial blue light and LRNE support wellness benefits similar to those that flow from natural, sunlight exposure.
  • the 1931 CIE Chromaticity diagram is a two-dimensional chromaticity space in which every visible color is represented by a point having x- and y-coordinates, also referred to herein as (ccx, ccy) coordinates. Fully saturated (monochromatic) colors appear on the outer edge of the diagram, while less saturated colors (which represent a combination of wavelengths) appear on the interior of the diagram.
  • saturated means having a purity of at least 85%, the term“purity” having a well-known meaning to persons skilled in the art, and procedures for calculating purity being well-known to those of skill in the art.
  • the Planckian locus, or black body locus (BBL) is known to those of skill in the art and follows the color an incandescent black body would take in the chromaticity space as the temperature of the black body changes from about 1000K to 10,000 K.
  • the black body locus goes from deep red at low temperatures (about 1000 K) through orange, yellowish white, white, and finally bluish white at very high temperatures.
  • the temperature of a black body radiator corresponding to a particular color in a chromaticity space is referred to as the“correlated color temperature.”
  • CCT correlated color temperature
  • white light generally refers to light having a chromaticity point that is within a 10-step MacAdam ellipse of a point on the black body locus having a CCT between 2700K and 6500K.
  • white light can refer to light having a chromaticity point that is within a seven step MacAdam ellipse of a point on the black body locus having a CCT between 2700K and 6500K.
  • the distance from the black body locus can be measured in the CIE 1960 chromaticity diagram, and is indicated by the symbol Auv, or DUV or duv as referred to elsewhere herein.
  • the DUV is denoted by a positive number; if the chromaticity point is below the locus, DUV is indicated with a negative number. If the DUV is sufficiently positive, the light source may appear greenish or yellowish at the same CCT. If the DUV is sufficiently negative, the light source can appear to be purple or pinkish at the same CCT. Observers may prefer light above or below the Planckian locus for particular CCT values, and light above or below the Planckian locus may be more or less suitable for use in displaying digital content on panel systems in different settings or operational modes.
  • DUV calculation methods are well known by those of ordinary skill in the art and are more fully described in ANSI C78.377, American National Standard for Electric Lamps— Specifications for the Chromaticity of Solid State Lighting (SSL) Products, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes.
  • the CIE Standard Illuminant D65 illuminant is intended to represent average daylight and has a CCT of approximately 6500K and the spectral power distribution is described more fully in Joint ISO/CIE Standard, ISO 10526: 1999/CIE S005/E-1998, CIE Standard Illuminants for Colorimetry, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes.
  • color points described in the present disclosure can be within color-point ranges defined by geometric shapes on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram that enclose a defined set of ccx, ccy color coordinates. It should be understood that any gaps or openings in any described or depicted boundaries for color-point ranges should be closed with straight lines to connect adjacent endpoints in order to define a closed boundary for each color-point range.
  • the light emitted by a light source may be represented by a point on a chromaticity diagram, such as the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, having color coordinates denoted (ccx, ccy) on the X-Y axes of the diagram.
  • a region on a chromaticity diagram may represent light sources having similar chromaticity coordinates.
  • CIE color rendering index
  • the Ra value of a light source is a modified average of the relative measurements of how the color rendition of an illumination system compares to that of a reference black-body radiator or daylight spectrum when illuminating eight reference colors R1-R8.
  • the Ra value is a relative measure of the shift in surface color of an object when lit by a particular lamp.
  • the Ra value equals 100 if the color coordinates of a set of test colors being illuminated by the illumination system are the same as the coordinates of the same test colors being irradiated by a reference light source of equivalent CCT.
  • the reference illuminants used in the CRI calculation procedure are the SPDs of blackbody radiators; for CCTs above 5000K, imaginary SPDs calculated from a mathematical model of daylight are used. These reference sources were selected to approximate incandescent lamps and daylight, respectively. Daylight generally has an Ra value of nearly 100, incandescent bulbs have an Ra value of about 95, fluorescent lighting typically has an Ra value of about 70 to 85, while monochromatic light sources have an Ra value of essentially zero. Light sources for general illumination applications with an Ra value of less than 50 are generally considered very poor and are typically only used in applications where economic issues preclude other alternatives. The calculation of CIE Ra values is described more fully in Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage. 1995. Technical Report: Method of Measuring and Specifying Colour Rendering Properties of Light Sources, CIE No. 13.3-1995.
  • a light source can also be evaluated based on a measure of its ability to render a saturated red reference color R9, also known as test color sample 9 (“TCS09”), with the R9 color rendering value (“R9 value”).
  • R9 value a measure of ability to render additional colors R10-R15, which include realistic colors like yellow, green, blue, Caucasian skin color (R13), tree leaf green, and Asian skin color (R15), respectively.
  • Light sources can further be evaluated by calculating the gamut area index (“GAI”).
  • Gamut area index is calculated by dividing the gamut area formed by the light source with the gamut area formed by a reference source using the same set of colors that are used for CRI.
  • GAI uses an Equal Energy Spectrum as the reference source rather than a black body radiator.
  • a gamut area index related to a black body radiator (“GAIBB”) can be calculated by using the gamut area formed by the blackbody radiator at the equivalent CCT to the light source.
  • TM-30-15 The ability of a light source to accurately reproduce color in illuminated objects can be characterized using the metrics described in IES Method for Evaluating Light Source Color Rendition, Illuminating Engineering Society, Product ID: TM-30-15 (referred to herein as the“TM-30-15 standard”), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes.
  • the TM-30-15 standard describes metrics including the Fidelity Index (Rf) and the Gamut Index (Rg) that can be calculated based on the color rendition of a light source for 99 color evaluation samples (“CES”).
  • the 99 CES provide uniform color space coverage, are intended to be spectral sensitivity neutral, and provide color samples that correspond to a variety of real objects.
  • Rf values range from 0 to 100 and indicate the fidelity with which a light source renders colors as compared with a reference illuminant.
  • Rg values provide a measure of the color gamut that the light source provides relative to a reference illuminant. The range of Rg depends upon the Rf value of the light source being tested.
  • the reference illuminant is selected depending on the CCT. For CCT values less than or equal to 4500K, Planckian radiation is used. For CCT values greater than or equal to 5500K, CIE Daylight illuminant is used.
  • T t is the CCT value
  • S r M ( , T t ) is the proportional mix reference illuminant
  • S r P ( , T t ) is Planckian radiation
  • S r D ( , T t ) is the CIE Daylight illuminant.
  • the values of CLA are scaled such that an incandescent source at 2856K (known as CIE Illuminant A) which produces 1000 lux (visual lux) will produce 1000 units of circadian lux (CLA).
  • CS values are transformed CLA values and correspond to relative melotonian suppression after one hour of light exposure for a 2.3mm diameter pupil during the mid-point of melotonian production. CS is
  • EML Equivalent Melanopic Lux
  • Melanopic lux is weighted to a photopigment with /.max 480 nm with pre-receptoral filtering based on a 32 year old standard observer, as described more fully in the Appendix A, Supplementary Data to Lucas et al. (2014), User Guide: Irradiance Toolbox (Oxford 18th October 2013), University of Manchester, Lucas Group, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes.
  • EML values are shown in the tables and Figures herein as the ratio of melanopic lux to luminous flux, with luminous flux considered to be 1000 lumens. It can be desirable for biological effects on users to provide illumination having higher EML in the morning, but lower EML in the late afternoon and evening.
  • Blue Light Hazard provides a measure of potential for a photochemical induced retinal injury that results from radiation exposure.
  • Blue Light Hazard is described in IEC/EN 62471, Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems and Technical Report IEC/TR 62778: Application of IEC 62471 for the assessment of blue light hazard to light sources and luminaires, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety for all purposes.
  • a BLH factor can be expressed in (weighted power/lux) in units of pW/cm2/lux.
  • the present disclosure relates to lighting devices and methods to provide light having particular vision energy and circadian energy performance.
  • Circadian efficacy of radiation (“CER”) can be calculated from
  • circadian refers to biolumens, units for measuring circadian flux, also known as circadian lumens.
  • the term“lm” refers to visual lumens.
  • V(L) is the photopic spectral luminous efficiency function and CO.) is the circadian spectral sensitivity function.
  • C(2) the circadian spectral sensitivity function
  • CIE Wien, 2004, pp 129-132, which is incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes.
  • a relative measure of melatonin suppression effects of a particular light source By integrating the amount of light (milliwatts) within the circadian spectral sensitivity function and dividing such value by the number of photopic lumens, a relative measure of melatonin suppression effects of a particular light source can be obtained.
  • a scaled relative measure denoted as melatonin suppressing milliwatts per hundred lumens may be obtained by dividing the photopic lumens by 100.
  • the melatonin suppression index (MSI) of a light source can be calculated from the ratio of the integration of cross product constant lumen spectrum of lamp with melatonin suppression action spectrum in wavelength range 380 nm to 780 nm to the integration of cross product of constant lumen spectrum of Day light spectrum at 6500K with melatonin suppression action spectrum in 380 nm to 780 nm region.
  • the function melatonin suppression action spectrum,“MSAS” or M(l), is defined by Thapan K,“An action spectrum for melatonin suppression: evidence for a novel non rod, non-cone photoreceptor system in humans”, Journal of Physiology, 2001, 535: 261-267, which is incorporated herein for all purposes.
  • COI cyanosis observation index
  • COI is applicable for CCTs from about 3300K to about 5500K, and is preferably of a value less than about 3.3. If a light source’s output around 660 nm is too low a patient’s skin color may appear darker and may be falsely diagnosed as cyanosed.
  • COI is a dimensionless number and is calculated from the spectral power distribution of the light source. The COI value is calculated by calculating the color difference between blood viewed under the test light source and viewed under the reference lamp (a 4000 K Planckian source) for 50% and 100% oxygen saturation and averaging the results. The lower the value of COI, the smaller the shift in color appearance results under illumination by the source under consideration.
  • TLCI-2012 Television Lighting Consistency Index
  • TLCI Television Lighting Consistency Index
  • the TLCI compares the test light source to a reference luminaire, which is specified to be one whose chromaticity falls on either the Planckian or Daylight locus and having a color temperature which is that of the CCT of the test light source. If the CCT is less than 3400 K, then a Planckian radiator is assumed. If the CCT is greater than 5000 K, then a Daylight radiator is assumed.
  • a system which can provide Bioactive Exposure may be referred to as a bioactive panel and/or as“panel systems”, that are controlled to suit a user’s needs.
  • the vertical panel control / settings may be based on information about the user, such as sensor information drawn from the user, social media activity related to the user, sleep state information, exercise information, work schedule, medical needs, psychological needs, physiological needs, etc. (e.g. also as described in more detail herein).
  • a bioactive panel may be in any number of forms. Such forms may be panels that are standalone or integrated into other systems.
  • a standalone version may be portable, which may be battery operated or plug in.
  • An integrated panel system may take the form of a panel in an office cube system where it can be installed as a dividing panel in the cube. It may also be built to be integrated into a wall, such as a wooden wall, sheetrock wall, mount to a wood stud, mount to a metal stud, cement wall, stone wall, etc. It may be built to be integrated into the headboard or footboard of a bed.
  • a vertical panel that incorporates a biaoctive panel may be edge lit, backlit, front lit, etc.
  • the bioactive panel may be controlled by a control system described herein which uses processors and input data to adjust at least one of CSE and LRNE.
  • the disclosure relates to bioactive panel systems including lighting systems that are adapted to produce emissions of Bioactive Exposure and display color(s) at the pixel level that are bioactive.
  • the bioactivity may be in first bioactive mode and a second bioactive mode.
  • the bioactive panel may be controlled by a control system described herein which uses processors and input data to adjust at least one first bioactive mode, second bioactive mode, CSE and LRNE.
  • the lighting systems for pixels of the panel systems may be arranged to produce colors of the pixels in the display that effect the circadian rhythm over the course of time.
  • the lighting systems of the bioactive panel systems may be adapted to generate a first bioactive mode CSE blue wavelength of light (e.g. cyan, energy at and/or near 485 nm) that causes activity associated with‘waking’ the person through the circadian cycle (e.g. effecting, causing, or maintaining a wakeful and alert state in the viewer by enabling melatonin suppression by exciting the Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion
  • the lighting systems of the panel systems may further be adapted with two or more separate blue frequencies such that either or both may be used to generate the blue in the pixels of the display.
  • One of the blue frequencies may be a standard blue color (e.g. substantial energy around approximately 450 nm, a narrow band emission around approximately 450 nm) such that the display pixels of the panel systems generate standard display colors and another blue frequency may be a circadian inducing blue (e.g.
  • the lighting systems contained therein can have pixel colors that can be changed from standard colors to represent colors accurately, according to display color standards, to display colors that are similar but not necessarily standard colors to generate an effect of the person’s circadian rhythm.
  • the non-standard blue pixels may not be standard and may not display computer-generated or other digital content in accordance with a standard color palette, in many situations the colors may be acceptable by a user because the colors may still be acceptable while also inducing a circadian rhythm to awaken the person while using the display in the special color mode.
  • a bioactive panel may provide first second bioactive mode wherein LRNE is emitted to induced biological response or effects and/or to counteract or ameliorate the effect of excessive CSE.
  • the present disclosure relates to circadian- inducing blue wavelengths of light that may be produced by one or more components, such as lighting channels comprising one or more LEDs, of the bioactive panel systems.
  • the circadian-inducing blue may have significant energy at a longer wavelength than a typical blue used in a display.
  • longer wavelengths in the blue and cyan regions e.g. wavelengths between the typical display blue and typical display green
  • the energy may be provided in a narrow band (e.g.
  • the energy may be more broadly spread (e.g. through the use of a phosphor or quantum dot structure in a luminophoric medium that up- or down-converts at least a portion of the wavelengths of light from an LED) such that there is significant energy produced in the region between 460nm and 500nm.
  • the maximum energy may or may not fall within the 460nm to 500nm region.
  • the peak may be at or near the typical display blue of 450nm and also have significant energy in the 460nm to 500nm region.
  • the significant energy may be an intensity of more than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% of the maximum energy. That significant energy may fall within the regions of 460 and 470nm, 470nm and 480nm, or 490nm and 500nm for example.
  • the LRNE may be provided in a narrow band Long Red emission spectra with a maximum energy between >640 and > 670nms.
  • the LRNE may be provided in a narrow band Near-Infrared emission spectra with peak wavelengths of at least one of 850nm, 940nm, and l064nm.
  • the present disclosure relates to Equivalent Melanopic Lux (EML), which provides a measure of photoreceptive input to circadian and neurophysiological light responses in humans, as described in Lucas et al, “Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age.” Trends in Neurosciences, Jan 2014, Vol. 37, No. 1, pages 1-9, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, including all appendices, for all purposes.
  • Melanopic lux is weighted to a photopigment with /.max 480 nm with pre-receptoral filtering based on a 32 year old standard observer, as described more fully in the Appendix A, Supplementary Data to Lucas et al.
  • the bioactive panel systems can include a micro-LED array where the micro-LED array includes a pixel array formed of micro-LEDs that generate light at various wavelengths, such as an LED producing a peak wavelength in a blue wavelength (referred to herein as a“blue LED”).
  • the blue LED may produce a circadian- inducing blue light (as described herein). If only three colors are arranged in the pixel array, the circadian-inducing blue for the pixel may not fall within the standard color gamut for the panel system but will generally generate acceptable colors while affecting the circadian rhythm.
  • the pixel array includes two different color generating blue LEDs, one with a standard color for the display and one that may not be within the standard color gamut for display but that is adapted to effect the circadian rhythm to induce a waking effect. This arrangement would include four colors per pixel in the pixel array of the micro-LED array.
  • the panel systems include only a portion of micro-LEDs with the circadian rhythm effecting blue.
  • the micro-LED pixels may be built with different color generating LEDs, white LEDs with filters, LEDs with phosphors, etc.
  • the bioactive panel may be controlled by a control system described herein which uses processors and input data to adjust at least one of CSE and LRNE.
  • the bioactive panel systems can include a micro-LED array where the micro-LED array includes a pixel array formed of micro-LEDs that generate light at various wavelengths, such as an LED producing a peak wavelength in a red wavelength (referred to herein as a“red LED”).
  • the red LED may produce a long red with a energy between with a maximum energy between >640 and > 670nms.
  • the LRNE may be provided in a narrow band Near-Infrared emission spectra with peak wavelengths of at least one of 850nm, 940nm, and l064nm.
  • the long red pixel may not fall within the standard color gamut for the panel system , utilizing Long Red will generally generate acceptable colors while having bioactivity associated with LRNE.
  • the pixel array includes two different color generating red LEDs, one with a standard color for the display and one that may not be within the standard color gamut for display but that is adapted to apply the bioactive LRNE. This arrangement using Near-Infrared LRNE would include additional red colors per pixel in the pixel array of the micro- LED array.
  • the panel systems include only a portion of micro- LEDs with the LRNE bioactive LEDs,
  • the micro-LED pixels may be built with different color generating LEDs, white LEDs with filters, LEDs with phosphors, etc.
  • the bioactive panel may be controlled by a control system described herein which uses processors and input data to adjust at least one of CSE and LRNE.
  • the circadian-inducing blue microLEDs of the disclosure may have a narrow emission characteristic where substantially all of the energy is produced over about l20nm the emitted light may have a half max width of approximately 40nm or so.
  • FIG. 3a illustrates and example spectral power distribution of such a microLED.
  • the CSE blue microLED may have a broader emission characteristic.
  • FIG. 3c illustrates one such example spectral power distribution.
  • the broader emission may be developed by adding a phosphor to the microLED system, by using a number of narrow band emission microLEDs, etc.
  • a filter may be associated with the microLED.
  • the desired blue color point may include an emission band that is broader than is achievable through a single narrow emission microLED so a phosphor or multiple narrow band LEDs may be used to broaden the emission and then a filter may be used to cut the broader emission down to the desired amount.
  • a standard color digital display system may use a blue LED with a narrow emission characteristic, such as is illustrated in FIG. 3b.
  • the standard blue may be replaced with a broader band blue, such as an exemplary spectral power distribution as illustrated in FIG. 3d, to add some cyan to the emission (i.e. slightly longer wavelength energy).
  • This configuration may also include a filter to cut the long tail but maintain some emission in the circadian- inducing blue emission region.
  • panel systems can include an LCD backlit pixel array.
  • an LCD backlit display has a backlight that generates a broadband of colors (e.g. white LEDs, white fluorescent) or one that generates narrow bands of color (e.g. red, green, and blue LEDs).
  • a broadband of colors e.g. white LEDs, white fluorescent
  • narrow bands of color e.g. red, green, and blue LEDs.
  • the backlight is a broadband white LED based system and each pixel of the LCD array is associated with a colored filter (e.g. red, green and blue) to produce the full color gamut for each pixel of the display.
  • the LCD pixel arrays in the panel systems include filters to produce three colors per pixel based on a backlighting system that produces white light.
  • the pixel filters filter the white light into red, green and blue.
  • the backlight also generally produces a constant amount of light and the LCD’s at each sub pixel color are changed to regulate the intensity of the color of the sub pixel (e.g. 256 steps based on a polarization setting at the sub pixel level).
  • the blue filter is adapted to transmit CSE region of light that is more effective at affecting the circadian rhythm (e.g. 485nm).
  • each pixel includes a fourth filter for a fourth sub pixel color.
  • the fourth pixel can use a circadian blue pass filter such that light transmitting the sub pixel filter affects the circadian cycle in a more significant way than light passing through a standard blue filter in the pixel array.
  • the panel systems may be set to use one and/or the other color of blue to form the blue in the pixels.
  • a red filter is adapted to transmit LRNE region of light that is more bioactive.
  • each pixel includes a fourth filter for a fourth sub pixel color.
  • the fourth pixel can use a red pass filter such that light transmitting through the sub pixel filter applies a narrower band of LRNE in a more significant way than light passing through a standard red filter in the pixel array.
  • the panel systems may be set to use one and/or the other color of red to form the red in the pixels.
  • backlighting systems within the panel systems produce red, green, and blue in a sequence and only one LCD is used per pixel position such that the one LCD will turn on in sequence with the desired
  • the sequential lighting system may then include a CSE blue color to affect the circadian rhythm.
  • the sequential lighting system within the backlighting systems may further include two different colors of blue (e.g. standard blue and circadian-inducing blue) and the sequence cycles through all four colors.
  • the circadian-inducing blue color may or may not be included in every cycle of the sequence. Reducing the number of cycles involved may have an effect on the perceived combined color of the pixel and of the effect of the circadian rhythm.
  • backlighting systems within the panel systems produce red, green, and blue in a sequence and only one LCD is used per pixel position such that the one LCD will turn on in sequence with the desired corresponding required color for the pixel.
  • the sequential lighting system may then include a LRNE red color to apply bioactive light.
  • the sequential lighting system within the backlighting systems may further include two different colors of red (e.g. standard red and LRNE red) and the sequence cycles through all four colors.
  • the LRNE red may or may not be included in every cycle of the sequence. Reducing the number of cycles involved may have an effect on the perceived combined color of the pixel and of the effect of the LRNE.
  • LRNE generally includes two regions of light as indicated in FIGS 29-31 wherein the nonvisible LRNE range of near infrared called out in box 1550 has no effect on white points in the CIE system described herein. Region 1550 represents LRNE emissions which are considered by most to be outside the visual spectrum of humans.
  • FIG. 29 depicts the emission spectrum of an exemplary nitride phosphor excited by violet or blue light wavelengths between about 380 nm and about 490 nm.
  • red nitride phosphors having peak wavelengths between about 675 nm and about 775 nm can be included in one or more red channels or long-red channels.
  • both the CSE and LRNE additional pixels are combined in the same device and are sequenced independently in response to a control system.
  • control systems described herein may be controlled by control systems described herein
  • the backlight in LCD configuration(s) the backlight may be modified to include enhanced emission at the circadian-inducing blue region.
  • a cyan LED may be included in the backlight itself such that it produces enough emission in the circadian blue region that it can generate adequate color to display visual digital content and affect the person’s circadian rhythm.
  • the backlight may include a broadband emission source (e.g. as illustrated in FIG. 3c) or a narrow emission source (e.g. as illustrated in FIG. 3a) for this purpose.
  • the filter associated with the circadian-inducing blue pixels can then be adjusted to transmit the desired bandwidth of light in the region.
  • backlights used in a display do not produce much emission in this desired region so changing the lighting system to include more emission in this region may be desirable. Additionally, backlights may have emission of the red channel in the LRNE region shifted to or above 640 nms. If the emission of the red channel in the LRNE region is shifted into near IR or above 700 nms.
  • the panel systems may include an OLED pixel array where the OLED array includes a pixel array formed of OLED sub pixels.
  • the OLEDs may include red, green, and blue generating OLEDs.
  • the OLEDs may produce white light and include filters to pass only the particular color desired for the sub pixel.
  • the blue OLED or filter may be adapted to produce a circadian-inducing blue. If only three colors are arranged in the pixel array, the blue for the pixel may not fall within the standard color for the display but will generally generate acceptable colors while affecting the circadian rhythm.
  • the pixel array may include two different color blue OLEDs, one with a standard color for the display and one that may not be within the standard color gamut for display but that is adapted to affect the circadian rhythm wake cycle via a circadian-inducing blue. This arrangement would include four colors per pixel in the pixel array of the OLED array.
  • the panel systems utilize only a portion of OLEDs with the circadian-inducing blue.
  • multiple red pixels may also be deployed wherein at least one LRNE red is include.
  • the circadian-inducing blue OLED may produce a broadband of light in the region and be filtered. In embodiments, the circadian- inducing blue OLED may produce a narrow band emission and possibly be filtered or not.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates some examples of panel systems 102 (l02a, l02b, l02c) in various configurations. Each of the configurations includes an array of pixels 106 positioned and controlled to display digital content.
  • An exemplary configuration is shown in FIG. 1 as a panel system l02a.
  • the panel system l02a can be paired with a peripheral 104 (e.g. keyboard, mouse, drawing pad, Bluetooth connected device, WiFi connected device).
  • the panel system l02a, or any other configuration herein, may receive data from personal devices (e.g. a user’s fitbit, sleep sensor) and adjust the color and/or intensity of the light emitted by the pixels 106.
  • An exemplary panel system l02b is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 as a small touch screen device (e.g. phone, pda).
  • An exemplary panel system l02c is shown in FIG. 1 as a tablet device, which may have a touch screen.
  • panel systems can be integrated with functionality as a television, which may be an Internet device, radio receiver device, cable TV device, satellite TV device, etc.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates various examples of pixel constructions that may be built into the panel systems in accordance with the principles of the present inventions. These examples are simplified examples of the basic construction of the various display technologies at a pixel level. The three examples presented are the microLED 200, OLED 230, and backlit LCD 240. Each of these examples uses a pixel technology that generates light at the pixel level that is outside of the normal display color gamut and at a color point or with spectral power distributions with energy in wavelength regions that are known to effect a person’s circadian rhythm.
  • a microLED based display panel may be based on an array of microLED pixels 200.
  • Each micoLED pixel 200 in the area of the display may include different color producing microLEDs 200, electrodes 208 to power and control each microLED in each pixel, and a substrate 208.
  • Each of the microLEDs may emit light of a particular color based on the materials used in the construction of the microLED.
  • the microLED(s) may be arranged to irradiate a phosphor for color conversion or they may be arranged to transmit light through a filter.
  • the microLEDs in the pixel may be red, green and circadian blue. The circadian blue may be a blue outside of the normal blue gamut that is used in a display.
  • the color gamut of the display may always be outside of the standard display gamut. This may be acceptable to a user that is less concerned about the exact color of displayed content and more concerned with receiving a light that effects the user’s circadian rhythm while still having reasonable colors produced.
  • the pixel may include four colors: red, green, standard display blue and circadian blue. This configuration lends itself to a control system that can switch between the standard blue and the circadian blue.
  • the circadian blue may be used in the morning hours, for example, and then the display may switch to the standard blue in later hours. In yet later hours, the standard blue may be turned down to further reduce the stimulation of the circadian rhythm.
  • the two blues may fade in and out in a synchronized fashion. Both may be on at one time to reduce the circadian blue as the system transitions to the standard blue
  • An OLED based display panel may be based on an array of OLED pixels 230.
  • the OLED pixel 230 may have three separately controllable OLEDs 212 in each pixel. Each one may emit a similar color (e.g. white) and each one may be optically associated with a different colored filter 211 to generate red, green and circadian blue. In an alternate construction, each OLED emitter may generate it’s own color (e.g. through a different material, through a phosphor conversion).
  • Each OLED pixel may be constructed with electrodes 214 to power and control each color and a substrate 216.
  • the color set includes a circadian blue (e.g. as described herein).
  • the color set has only three colors, including the circadian blue, and the display produces colors outside of the standard display color gamut. In embodiments, the color set has four colors, including a standard blue and a circadian blue, such that a control system could choose which blue to activate and control as described herein.
  • backlit LCD-based panel systems may be based on an array of backlit LCD pixels 240.
  • the construction of the LCD display may include liquid crystals 206 for multiple channels at each pixel where each liquid crystal in the pixel is associated with a filter that filters the light from a backlight 210.
  • the backlight 210 makes white light via one or more LEDs and the filters cut the white light into a particular color, generally red, green and blue.
  • the blue filter in the color filter layer 210 is a circadian blue color filter.
  • the filter layer 210 includes two blue filters, associated with two separate liquid crystals: one for circadian blue and one for the standard display blue.
  • the color set includes a circadian-inducing blue (e.g. as described herein).
  • the filter color set has only three colors, including the circadian- inducing blue, and the display produces colors outside of the standard display color gamut.
  • the filter color set has four colors, including a standard blue and a circadian-inducing blue, such that a control system could choose which blue to activate and control.
  • the red filter in the color filter layer 210 is a LRNE red color filter.
  • the filter layer 210 includes two red filters, associated with two separate liquid crystals: one for LRNE and one for the standard display red.
  • the color set includes a LRNE emission (e.g. as described herein).
  • the filter color set has only three colors, including the LRNE and the display produces colors outside of the standard display color gamut.
  • the filter color set has four colors, including a standard red and a LRNE emission such that a control system could choose which red to activate and control.
  • the LCD pixels may be arranged with a backlight 210 that sequentially cycles through separate colors and the liquid crystal layer in this arrangement may only have one liquid crystal per pixel and it may not include a filter layer.
  • the backlight sequences through its colors the liquid crystal can be turned on to emit the correct color.
  • the user’s eye can integrate the color and perceive it as a combined color. For example, leaving the liquid crystal in the‘on’ or transmit mode and cycling very quickly between red and blue of equal intensity can cause the person to perceive the pixel as purple.
  • the backlight 210 may include a circadian-inducing blue emitter(s) and/or LRNE emitter(s) .
  • the backlight 210 includes one or ore of standard display blue, a CSE blue, a standard red and a LRNE.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a bioactive panel 400 in accordance with the principles of the present inventions.
  • the panel may be any number of shapes and sizes and have mechanical features such that it can be mounted in a number of ways and integrated into a number of other systems. It may also be lit and/or emit light in a number of ways. As illustrated, the lighting system(s) 406 in the panel may be mounted along an edge 406b, on a back plane 406a, or otherwise.
  • the panel may further include a transmissive or partially transmissive surface and/or internal optical systems to manipulate the light from the panel (e.g. a diffuser or baffles).
  • a bioactive panel may also be controlled to create lighting effects that are soothing to a person (e.g. bio-mimicking effects). These effects may simulate the flicker of light on water, flicker of a candle, light being effected as it passes around and through leaves of a tree moving in the wind, etc. Subtle intensity, color and directionality variations could be introduced in a planar distributed source of light to recreate similar effects. These effects may be generated by controlling the lighting system 400 itself and/or through a controllable optical system.
  • Lighting systems that may be used in panel systems in accordance with the principles of the present inventions include, for example, 2-channel, 3- channel, 4-channel, 5-channel, or 6-channel LED-based color-tuning systems.
  • channels within the multi-channel systems may have particular color points and spectral power distributions for the light output generated by the channel.
  • the term“channel” refers to all the components in a light-generating pathway from an LED (microLED, OLED) through any filtering or other components until the light exits the panel system.
  • 2-channel systems can be used having two white light channels.
  • the two white light channels can be those described more fully in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/757,664, filed November 8, 2018, entitled“Two-Channel Tunable Lighting Systems with Controllable Equivalent Melanopic Lux and Correlated Color Temperature Outputs,” and International Patent Application No. PCT/US2019/013356, filed January 11, 2019, entitled“Two-Channel Tunable Lighting Systems With Controllable Equivalent Melanopic Lux and
  • the present disclosure provides for panel systems that incorporate two white lighting channels, which can be referred to herein as a first lighting channel and a second lighting channel.
  • the white lighting channels can be used to backlight a panel system that utilizes color filtering in order to generate a digital display.
  • the present disclosure provides first lighting channels for use in lighting systems.
  • the first lighting channels can have first color points with CCT values between about 4000K and about 6500K.
  • the first color point can have a CCT of about 4000K.
  • the first color point can have a CCT of about 4000K, about 4100K, about 4200K, about 4300K, about 4400K, about 4500K, about 4600K, about 4700K, about 4800K, about 4900K, about 5000K, about 5100K, about 5200K, about 5300K, about 5400K, about 5500K, about 5600K, about 5700K, about 5800K, about 5900K, about 6000K, about 6100K, about 6200K, about 6300K, about 6400K, or about 6500K.
  • the first lighting channel can have one or more LEDs having an emission with a first peak wavelength of between about 440 nm and about 510 nm. In certain implementations, the first lighting channel can have one or more LEDs having an emission with a first peak wavelength of about 450 nm.
  • the first lighting channel can have a first color point with a CCT value of about 4000K.
  • the first lighting channel can have a first color point with a color-point range 304 A can be defined by a polygonal region on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram defined by the following ccx, ccy color coordinates: (0.4006, 0.4044), (0.3736, 0.3874), (0.3670, 0.3578), (0.3898, 0.3716), which correlates to an ANSI C78.377-2008 standard 4000K nominal CCT white light with target CCT and tolerance of 3985 ⁇ 275K and target duv and tolerance of
  • suitable color-point ranges for the first color point can be described as MacAdam ellipse color ranges in the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram color space, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 14, which depicts a color-point range 402, the black body locus 401, and a line 403 of constant ccy coordinates on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram.
  • MacAdam ellipse ranges are described with major axis“a”, minor axis“b”, and ellipse rotation angle Q relative to line 403.
  • the color-point range for the first color point can be range 304B, an embodiment of color range 402, and can be defined as a single 5 -step MacAdam ellipse with center point (0.3818, 0.3797) with a major axis“a” of 0.01565, minor axis“b” of 0.00670, with an ellipse rotation angle Q of 52.70°, shown relative to a line 403.
  • the color-point range for the first color point can be range 304C, an embodiment of color range 402, and can be defined as a single 3-step MacAdam ellipse with center point (0.3818, 0.3797) with a major axis“a” of 0.00939, minor axis“b” of 0.00402, with an ellipse rotation angle Q of 53.7°, shown relative to a line 403.
  • the first color point can be within the color- point ranges described in Table 57 for the selected boundary for each nominal CCT value.
  • the color-point range for the first color point can be a region on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram defined by a polygon connecting the (ccx, ccy) coordinates (0.0.3670, 0.3575), (0.3737, 0.3875), (0.4007, 0.4047), and (0.3898, 0.3720).
  • the color-point range for the first color point can be a region on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram defined by a polygon connecting the (ccx, ccy) coordinates (0.3703, 0.3590), (0.3851, 0.3679), (0.3942, 0.3972), and (0.3769, 0.3864).
  • the first lighting channel can have certain spectral power distributions.
  • Some aspects of some exemplary first lighting channels are shown in Table 44. Aspects of the spectral power distributions for the exemplary first lighting channels shown in Table 44 and an average of the exemplary first lighting channels (shown as“Exemplary lst channels avg”) are provided in Tables 46, 48, 50, 52, and 53, which show the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for each exemplary first lighting channel or average thereof and normalized to a value of 100.0, except for Table 53, in which the values are normalized to a value of 1.000.
  • the first lighting channel can have a first spectral power distribution with spectral power in one or more of the wavelength ranges other than the reference wavelength range increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in Tables 46, 48, 50, 52, and 53.
  • the first lighting channel can have a spectral power distribution that falls between the minimum (shown as“min”) and maximum (shown as“max”) values in each of the wavelength ranges as shown in one or more of the Tables 46, 48, 50, 52, and 53.
  • the first lighting channel can have a spectral power distribution that falls between values 5% less, 10% less, 20% less, or 30% less than the minimum (shown as“min”) and values 5% more, 10% more, 20% more, or 30% more than the maximum (shown as“max”) values in each of the wavelength ranges as shown in one or more of the Tables 46, 48, 50, 52, and 53.
  • FIGs. 5, 9, 10, and 12 depict aspects of first spectral power distributions for the exemplary first lighting channels described herein.
  • FIG. 12 depicts a spectral power distribution 1600 for the exemplary lighting channel“5000K Chl” listed in Table 44 and further characterized elsewhere herein.
  • FIG. 10 depicts a spectral power distribution 1400 for the exemplary lighting channel “4000K Ch3” listed in Table 44 and further characterized elsewhere herein.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a spectral power distribution 1300 for the exemplary lighting channel“4000K Ch2” listed in Table 44 and further characterized elsewhere herein.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a spectral power distribution 900 for the exemplary lighting channel“4000K Ch4” listed in Table 44 and further characterized elsewhere herein.
  • FIG. 5 further depicts some exemplary wavelength ranges 901A, 901B, 901C, 901D, and 901E, which correspond to the wavelength ranges shown in Table 53.
  • first lighting channels may have particular spectral power values within one or more of wavelength ranges 901A, 901B, 901C, 901D, and 901E, or other wavelength ranges not depicted in FIG. 5 or shown in Table 53 but described elsewhere herein.
  • the first lighting channel can have a first white light having a first color point with a CCT and EML value that falls within a range of possible pairings of CCT and EML values, also referred to herein as a CCT-EML range.
  • a suitable CCT-EML range 1710 for first lighting channels of the present disclosure is shown graphically in FIG. 13, which also shows exemplary point pairings of CCT and EML for the exemplary first lighting channels shown in Table 3.
  • Tables 1 and 2 show CCT and EML values for color points generated by some commercially-available fixed-CCT LED-driven white light systems having Ra values of approximately 80.
  • the present disclosure provides second lighting channels for use in lighting systems.
  • the second lighting channels can have second color points with CCT values between about 1800K and about 2700K.
  • the first color point can have a CCT of about 2400K.
  • the first color point can have a CCT of about 1800K, about 1900K, about 2000K, about 2100K, about 2200K, about 2300K, about 2400K, about 2500K, about 2600K, or about 2700K.
  • the second lighting channel can have one or more LEDs having an emission with a second peak wavelength of between about 380 nm and about 420 nm. In certain implementations, the second lighting channel can have one or more LEDs having an emission with a second peak wavelength of about 410 nm. In some aspects, the use of a different peak wavelength for the LEDs in the second lighting channel in comparison to the LEDs in the first lighting channel can contribute to the desired performance of the lighting systems of the disclosure.
  • the second lighting channel can produce light having a second color point within a suitable color- point range.
  • the second color point can be within the color-point ranges described in Table 57 for the selected boundary for each nominal CCT value.
  • the second color point can be within a color- point range defined by a region bounded by a polygon connecting the (ccx, ccy) coordinates on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram of (0.4593, 0.3944), (0.5046, 0.4007), (0.5262 0.4381), and (0.4813 0.4319).
  • the second color point can be within a color-point range defined by a region bounded by a polygon connecting the (ccx, ccy) coordinates on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram of (0.4745, 0.4025), (0.4880, 0.4035), (0.5036, 0.4254), (0.4880, 0.4244).
  • the second lighting channel can have certain spectral power distributions.
  • Some aspects of some exemplary second lighting channels are shown in Table 44. Aspects of the spectral power distributions for the exemplary second lighting channels shown in Table 44 and an average of the exemplary second lighting channels (shown as“Exemplary 2nd channels avg”) are provided in Tables 45, 47, 49, 51, and 53, which show the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for each exemplary second lighting channel or average thereof and normalized to a value of 100.0, except for Table 53, in which the values are normalized to a value of 1.000.
  • the second lighting channel can have a spectral power distribution with spectral power in one or more of the wavelength ranges other than the reference wavelength range increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in one or more of Tables 45, 47, 49, 51, and 53.
  • the second lighting channel can have a spectral power distribution that falls between the minimum (shown as“min”) and maximum (shown as“max”) values in each of the wavelength ranges as shown in one or more of the Tables 45, 47, 49, 51, and 53.
  • the second lighting channel can have a spectral power distribution that falls between values 5% less, 10% less, 20% less, or 30% less than the minimum (shown as“min”) and values 5% more, 10% more, 20% more, or 30% more than the maximum (shown as“max”) values in each of the wavelength ranges as shown in one or more of the Tables 45, 47, 49, 51, and 53.
  • FIG. 7 depicts a spectral power distribution 1100 for the exemplary lighting channel “2400K Ch2” listed in Table 44 and further characterized elsewhere herein.
  • FIG. 8 depicts a spectral power distribution 1200 for the exemplary lighting channel“2400K Ch3” listed in Table 44 and further characterized elsewhere herein.
  • FIG. 11 depicts a spectral power distribution 1500 for the exemplary lighting channel“1800K Chl” listed in Table 44 and further characterized elsewhere herein.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a spectral power distribution 1000 for the exemplary lighting channel“2400K Ch3” listed in Table 44 and further characterized elsewhere herein.
  • FIG. 6 further depicts some exemplary wavelength ranges 1001A, 1001B, 1001C, 1001D, and 1001E, which correspond to the wavelength ranges shown in Table 53.
  • second lighting channels may have particular spectral power values within one or more of wavelength ranges 1001A, 1001B, 1001C, 1001D, and 1001E, or other wavelength ranges not depicted in FIG. 6 or shown in Table 12 but described elsewhere herein.
  • the 3-channel LED-based color-tuning systems can include channels as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/712,182 filed July 30, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
  • the 4-channel, 5-channel, and 6-channel LED-based color tuning systems can include channels as described more fully in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/757,672, filed November 8, 2018, entitled “Switchable Systems for White Light with High Color Rendering and Biological Effects,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes.
  • panel systems can comprise standard lighting channels for red, blue, and green color points used in digital panel systems known to those of skill in the art, such as those described herein and shown in FIG.
  • additional lighting channels each comprising a cyan lighting channel with an output with a color point in a cyan color region.
  • the standard lighting channels may have light emissions with substantially all of the spectral energy distribution contained within a wavelength range of about 120 nm a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 40 nm.
  • the cyan lighting channel may include cyan lighting elements and channels as described in International Patent Application No.
  • the cyan lighting channel may include cyan lighting elements and channels as described in U.S.
  • the panel systems can comprise at least one lighting channel that comprises a short-blue- pumped cyan channel and at least one lighting channel that comprises a long-blue- pumped cyan channel.
  • the cyan light channels can have spectral power distributions.
  • Tables 1-4 show the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for each color range and normalized to a value of 100.0.
  • the spectral power distribution of a cyan light channel falls between minimum and maximum values in particular wavelength ranges relative to an arbitrary reference wavelength range.
  • the short-blue-pumped cyan can fall within the values between Short-blue-pumped cyan minimum 1 and Short-blue-pumped cyan maximum 1 in the wavelength ranges shown in Table 1, Table 2, or both Tables 1 and 2.
  • the short-blue-pumped cyan can fall within the values between Short-blue-pumped cyan minimum 1 and Short-blue-pumped cyan maximum 2 in the wavelength ranges shown in Table 1.
  • the Long-Blue- Pumped Cyan lighting channel can produce light with spectral power distribution that falls within the values between Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan minimum 1 and Long-Blue- Pumped Cyan maximum 1 in the wavelength ranges shown in Table 1, Table 2, or both Tables 1 and 2.
  • Tables 3 and 4 show the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for the short-blue-pumped cyan color range and normalized to a value of 100.0, for a short- blue-pumped cyan channel that may be used in some implementations of the disclosure.
  • the exemplary Short-blue-pumped cyan Channel 1 has a ccx, ccy color coordinate shown in Table 5.
  • the short-blue-pumped cyan channel can have a spectral power distribution with spectral power in one or more of the wavelength ranges other than the reference wavelength range increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in Table 3 or 4.
  • the long-blue-pumped cyan channel can produce cyan light having certain spectral power distributions.
  • Tables 3 and 4 shows ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for the long-blue-pumped cyan color range and normalized to a value of 100.0, for several non-limiting embodiments of the long-blue-pumped cyan channel.
  • the exemplary Long-blue-pumped cyan Channel 1 has a ccx, ccy color coordinate Shown in Table 5.
  • the long-blue-pumped cyan channel can have a spectral power distribution with spectral power in one or more of the wavelength ranges other than the reference wavelength range increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in Table 3 and 4.
  • lighting systems can include blue channels that produce light with a blue color point that falls within a blue color range.
  • suitable blue color ranges can include blue color ranges 301A-F.
  • FIG. 22A depicts a blue color range 301A defined by a line connecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates of the infinity point of the Planckian locus (0.242, 0.24) and (0.12, 0.068), the Planckian locus from 4000K and infinite CCT, the constant CCT line of 4000K, the line of purples, and the spectral locus.
  • FIG. 22A depicts a blue color range 301A defined by a line connecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates of the infinity point of the Planckian locus (0.242, 0.24) and (0.12, 0.068), the Planckian locus from 4000K and infinite CCT, the constant CCT line of 4000K, the line of purples, and the spectral locus.
  • 22A also depicts a blue color range 301D defined by a line connecting (0.3806, 0.3768) and (0.0445, 0.3), the spectral locus between the monochromatic point of 490 nm and (0.12, 0.068), a line connecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates of the infinity point of the Planckian locus (0.242, 0.24) and (0.12, 0.068), and the Planckian locus from 4000K and infinite CCT.
  • the blue color range may also be the combination of ranges 301 A and 301D together.
  • FIG. 25 depicts a blue color range 301B can be defined by a 60-step MacAdam ellipse at a CCT of 20000K, 40 points below the Planckian locus.
  • FIG. 26 depicts a blue color range 301C that is defined by a polygonal region on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram defined by the following ccx, ccy color coordinates: (0.22, 0.14), (0.19, 0.17), (0.26, 0.26), (0.28, 0.23).
  • FIG. 10 depicts blue color ranges 301E and 301F. Blue color range 301E is defined by lines connecting (0.231, 0.218), (0.265, 0.260), (0.2405, 0.305), and (0.207, 0.256).
  • the cyan lighting channels described herein can generate light outputs with cyan color points that fall within a cyan color range.
  • suitable cyan color ranges can include cyan color ranges 303A-E, which can be seen in FIGs. 22B, 23, and 24.
  • Cyan color range 303A is defined by a line connecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates (0.18, 0.55) and (0.27, 0.72), the constant CCT line of 9000K, the Planckian locus between 9000K and 1800K, the constant CCT line of 1800K, and the spectral locus on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram.
  • a cyan color range 303B can be defined by the region bounded by lines connecting (0.360, 0.495), (0.371, 0.518), (0.388, 0.522), and (0.377, 0.499).
  • a cyan color range 303C is defined by a line connecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates (0.18, 0.55) and (0.27, 0.72), the constant CCT line of 9000K, the Planckian locus between 9000K and 4600K, the constant CCT line of 4600K, and the spectral locus.
  • a cyan color range 303D is defined by the constant CCT line of 4600K, the spectral locus, the constant CCT line of 1800K, and the Planckian locus between 4600K and 1800K.
  • the long-blue-pumped cyan channel can provide a color point within a cyan color region 303E defined by lines connecting (0.497, 0.469), (0.508, 0.484), (0.524, 0.472), and (0.513, 0.459).
  • the LEDs in the cyan color channels can be LEDs with peak emission wavelengths at or below about 535 nm. In some implementations, the LEDs emit light with peak emission wavelengths between about 360 nm and about 535 nm. In some implementations, the LEDs in the cyan color channels can be formed from InGaN semiconductor materials. In some
  • the LEDs used in the long-blue-pumped cyan channels can be LEDs having peak emission wavelengths between about 360 nm and about 535 nm, between about 380 nm and about 520 nm, between about 470 nm and about 505 nm, about 480 nm, about 470 nm, about 460 nm, about 455 nm, about 450 nm, or about 445 nm.
  • the LEDs used in long-blue-pumped cyan channels can have a peak wavelength between about 460 nm and 515 nm.
  • the LEDs in the long-blue-pumped cyan channels can include one or more LUXEON Rebel Blue LEDs (LXML-PB01, LXML-PB02) of color bins 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, which have peak wavelengths ranging from 460 nm to 485 nm, or LUXEON Rebel Cyan LEDs (LXML-PE01) of color bins 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, which have peak wavelengths raving from 460 nm to 485 nm.
  • LUXEON Rebel Blue LEDs LXML-PB01, LXML-PB02
  • LXML-PB02 LUXEON Rebel Cyan LEDs
  • the short-blue-pumped cyan channels can have LEDs having a peak wavelength between about 405 nm and about 485 nm, between about 430 nm and about 460 nm, between about 430 nm and about 455 nm, between about 430 nm and about 440 nm, between about 440 nm and about 450 nm, between about 440 nm and about 445 nm, or between about 445 nm and about 450 nm.
  • the LEDs used in the short-blue-pumped cyan channels may have full-width half-maximum wavelength ranges of between about 10 nm and about 30 nm.
  • the short-blue-pumped cyan channels can include one or more LUXEON Z Color Line royal blue LEDs (product code LXZ1- PR01) of color bin codes 3, 4, 5, or 6, one or more LUXEON Z Color Line blue LEDs (LXZ1-PB01) of color bin code 1 or 2, or one or more LUXEON royal blue LEDs (product code LXML-PR01 and LXML-PR02) of color bins 3, 4, 5, or 6 (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands).
  • lighting systems can include yellow channels that produce light with a yellow color point that falls within a yellow color range.
  • FIGs. 17A and 17B depicts some aspects of suitable yellow color ranges for implementations of yellow channels of the present disclosure.
  • the yellow channels can produce light having a yellow color point that falls within a yellow color range 1401, with boundaries defined on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram of the constant CCT line of 5000K from the Planckian locus to the spectral locus, the spectral locus, and the Planckian locus from 5000K to 550K.
  • the yellow channels can produce light having a yellow color point that falls within a yellow color range 1402, with boundaries defined on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram by a polygon connecting (ccx, ccy) coordinates of (0.47, 0.45), (0.48, 0.495), (0.41, 0.57), and (0.40, 0.53).
  • the yellow channels can produce light having a color point at one of the exemplary yellow color points 1403 A-D shown in FIG. 17B and described more fully elsewhere herein.
  • lighting systems can include violet channels that produce light with a violet color point that falls within a violet color range.
  • FIG. 16 depicts some aspects of suitable violet color ranges for implementations of violet channels of the present disclosure.
  • the violet channels can produce light having a violet color point that falls within a violet color range 1301, with boundaries defined on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram of the Planckian locus between 1600K CCT and infinite CCT, a line between the infinite CCT point on the Planckian locus and the monochromatic point of 470 nm on the spectral locus, the spectral locus between the monochromatic point of 470 nm and the line of purples, the line of purples from the spectral locus to the constant CCT line of 1600K, and the constant CCT line of 1600K between the line of purples and the 1600K CCT point on the Planckian locus.
  • a violet color range 1301 with boundaries defined on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram of the Planckian locus between 1600K CCT and infinite CCT, a line between the infinite CCT point on the Planckian locus and the monochromatic point of 470 nm on the spectral locus, the spectral locus between
  • the violet channels can produce light having a color point at one of the exemplary violet color points 1303 A-D shown in FIG. 16 and described more fully elsewhere herein.
  • the red light channels can have spectral power distributions in the bioactive LRNE region.
  • Tables 1-4 show the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for each color range and normalized to a value of 100.0.
  • the spectral power distribution of a LRNE light channel falls between minimum and maximum values in particular wavelength ranges relative to an arbitrary reference wavelength range.
  • Lighting systems and bioactive panels include red channels that produce light with a red color point that falls within a red color range.
  • suitable red color ranges can include red color ranges 302A-D.
  • FIG 22B depicts a red color range 302A defined by the spectral locus between the constant CCT line of 1600K wherein bioactive LRNE (see FIGS. 29-31) is within that range and the line of purples, the line of purples, a line connecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates (0.61, 0.21) and (0.47, 0.28), and the constant CCT line of 1600K.
  • FIG. 23 depicts some suitable color ranges for some implementations of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 25 shows a red color range 302B that can be defined by a 20-step MacAdam ellipse at a CCT of 1200K, 20 points below the Planckian locus.
  • FIG. 24 depicts some further color ranges suitable for some implementations of the disclosure.
  • a red color range 302C is defined by a polygonal region on the 1931 CIE
  • a red color range 302C is depicted and can be defined by a polygonal region on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram defined by the following ccx, ccy color coordinates: (0.53, 0.41), (0.59, 0.39), (0.63, 0.29), (0.58, 0.30).
  • FIG. 27 depicts a red color range 302D defined by lines connecting the ccx, ccy coordinates (0.576, 0.393), (0.583, 0.400), (0.604,
  • the present disclosure relates to long red and near infrared lighting channels that can provide long red and near infrared energy
  • LRNE Long red and near infrared channels can provide one or both of Visible LRNE and Non-Visible LRNE.
  • Visible LRNE refers to light having spectral power in wavelengths between about 625 nm and about 700 nm.
  • Non-Visible LRNE refers to light having spectral power in wavelengths greater than or equal to about 700 nm.
  • the Long Red and Near Infrared Channels of the present disclosure can be part of one or more red channels involved in color-tuning and providing white light, or as separate channel that can be operated independently of color-tuning requirements.
  • an additional LRNE channel includes the non-visible region of the LRNE also referred to as near infrared.
  • Region 1550 represents LRNE emissions which are considered by most to be outside the visual spectrum of humans.
  • FIG. 29 depicts the emission spectrum of an exemplary nitride phosphor excited by violet or blue light wavelengths between about 380 nm and about 490 nm.
  • red nitride phosphors having peak wavelengths between about 675 nm and about 775 nm can be included in one or more red channels or long-red channels.
  • the panel systems can include suitable recipient luminophoric mediums for each LED in order to produce light having color points within the suitable blue color ranges 301 A-F, red color ranges 302A-D, cyan color ranges 303 A-E, violet color ranges 1301, 1302, and yellow color ranges 1401, 1402 described herein.
  • each lighting channel can have a suitable spectral power distribution (“SPD”) having spectral power with ratios of power across the visible wavelength spectrum from about 380 nm to about 780 nm or across the visible, near- visible, and non-visible wavelength spectrum from about 320 nm to about 1000 nm.
  • SPD spectral power distribution
  • the lighting channels of the present disclosure can each product a colored light that falls between minimum and maximum values in particular wavelength ranges relative to an arbitrary reference wavelength range.
  • Tables 1, 2, and 7-15 show some exemplary minimum and maximum spectral power values for the blue, red, long-red, LRNE, short-blue-pumped cyan, long-blue- pumped cyan, yellow, and violet channels of the disclosure.
  • the blue lighting channel can produce light with spectral power distribution that falls within the values between Blue minimum 1 and Blue maximum 1 in the wavelength ranges shown in Table 1, Table 2, or both Tables 1 and 2.
  • the red lighting channel can produce light with spectral power distribution that falls within the values between Red minimum 1 and Red maximum 1 in the wavelength ranges shown in Table 1, Table 2, or both Tables 1 and 2.
  • the red channel can produce red light having a spectral power distribution that falls within the ranges between the Exemplary Red Channels Minimum and the Exemplary Red Channels Maximum in the wavelength ranges shown in one or more of Tables 7-9.
  • the short-blue-pumped cyan can fall within the values between Short-blue-pumped cyan minimum 1 and Short-blue-pumped cyan maximum 1 in the wavelength ranges shown in Table 1, Table 2, or both Tables 1 and 2. In other implementations, the short-blue-pumped cyan can fall within the values between Short-blue-pumped cyan minimum 1 and Short-blue-pumped cyan maximum 2 in the wavelength ranges shown in Table 1. In some implementations, the Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan lighting channel can produce light with spectral power distribution that falls within the values between Long-Blue- Pumped Cyan minimum 1 and Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan maximum 1 in the wavelength ranges shown in Table 1, Table 2, or both Tables 1 and 2.
  • the yellow channel can produce yellow light having a spectral power distribution that falls within the ranges between the Exemplary Yellow Channels Minimum and the Exemplary Y ellow Channels Maximum in the wavelength ranges shown in one or more of Tables 13-15.
  • the violet channel can produce violet light having a spectral power distribution that falls within the ranges between the Exemplary Violet Channels Minimum and the Exemplary Violet Channels Maximum in the wavelength ranges shown in one or more of Tables 10-12.
  • PCT/US2018/020792 filed March 2, 2018, discloses aspects of some additional red, blue, short-pumped-blue (referred to as“green” therein), and long-pumped-blue (referred to as“cyan” therein) channel elements that may be suitable for some implementations of the present disclosure, the entirety of which is incorporated herein for all purposes.
  • the short-blue-pumped cyan channel can produce cyan light having certain spectral power distributions.
  • Tables 3 and 4 show the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for the short-blue-pumped cyan color range and normalized to a value of 100.0, for a short-blue-pumped cyan channel that may be used in some implementations of the disclosure.
  • the exemplary Short-blue-pumped cyan Channel 1 has a ccx, ccy color coordinate shown in Table 5.
  • the short-blue-pumped cyan channel can have a spectral power distribution with spectral power in one or more of the wavelength ranges other than the reference wavelength range increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in Table 3 or 4.
  • the long-blue-pumped cyan channel can produce cyan light having certain spectral power distributions.
  • Tables 3 and 4 shows ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for the long-blue-pumped cyan color range and normalized to a value of 100.0, for several non-limiting embodiments of the long-blue-pumped cyan channel.
  • the exemplary Long-blue-pumped cyan Channel 1 has a ccx, ccy color coordinate Shown in Table 5.
  • the long-blue-pumped cyan channel can have a spectral power distribution with spectral power in one or more of the wavelength ranges other than the reference wavelength range increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in Table 3 and 4.
  • the red channel can produce red light having certain spectral power distributions.
  • Tables 3-4 and 7-9 show the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for the red color range and normalized to a value of 100.0, for red lighting channels, long-red channels, and LRNE channels that may be used in some implementations of the disclosure.
  • the exemplary Red Channel 1 has a ccx, ccy color coordinate of (0.5932, 0.3903).
  • the red channel can have a spectral power distribution with spectral power in one or more of the wavelength ranges other than the reference wavelength range increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in Tables 3-4 and 7-9 for Red Channels 1-11, Long-Red Channels A-B, the Exemplary Long-Red Channel Average, and the Exemplary Red Channels Average.
  • the blue channel can produce blue light having certain spectral power distributions.
  • Tables 3 and 4 show the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for the blue color range and normalized to a value of 100.0, for a blue channel that may be used in some implementations of the disclosure.
  • Exemplary Blue Channel 1 has a ccx, ccy color coordinate of (0.2333, 0.2588).
  • the blue channel can have a spectral power distribution with spectral power in one or more of the wavelength ranges other than the reference wavelength range increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in Tables 3 and 4.
  • the yellow channel can have certain spectral power distributions.
  • Tables 13-15 show the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected and normalized to a value of 100.0 for exemplary yellow lighting channels, Yellow Channels 1-6.
  • Table 5 shows some aspects of the exemplary yellow lighting channels for some implementations of the disclosure.
  • the yellow channel can have a spectral power distribution with spectral power in one or more of the wavelength ranges other than the reference wavelength range increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in one or more of Tables 13-15 for Yellow Channels 1-6 and the Exemplary Yellow Channels Average.
  • the violet channel can have certain spectral power distributions.
  • Tables 13-15 show the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected and normalized to a value of 100.0 for exemplary violet lighting channels, Violet
  • the violet channel can have a spectral power distribution with spectral power in one or more of the wavelength ranges other than the reference wavelength range increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in one or more of Tables 12-15 for one or more of Violet Channels 1-6 and the Exemplary Violet Channels Average.
  • the lighting channels of the present disclosure can each product a colored light having spectral power distributions having particular characteristics.
  • the spectral power distributions of some lighting channels can have peaks, points of relatively higher intensity, and valleys, points of relatively lower intensity that fall within certain wavelength ranges and have certain relative ratios of intensity between them.
  • Tables 38 and 39 and FIG. 19 show some aspects of exemplary violet lighting channels for some implementations of the disclosure.
  • a Violet Peak (Vp) is present in a range of about 380 nm to about 460 nm.
  • a Violet Valley (Vv) is present in a range of about 450 nm to about 510 nm.
  • a Green Peak is present in a range of about 500 nm to about 650 nm.
  • a Red Valley is present in a range of about 650 nm to about 780 nm.
  • Table 38 shows the relative intensities of the peaks and valleys for exemplary violet lighting channels of the disclosure, with the VP values assigned an arbitrary value of 1.0 in the table. The wavelength at which each peak or valley is present is also shown in Table 38.
  • Table 39 shows the relative ratios of intensity between particular pairs of the peaks and valleys of the spectral power distributions for exemplary violet lighting channels and minimum, average, and maximum values thereof.
  • the violet channel can have a spectral power distribution with the relative intensities of Vv, Gp, and Rv increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values shown in Table 38 for one or more of Violet Channels 1-5 and the Exemplary Violet Channels Average.
  • the violet channel can produce violet light having a spectral power distribution with peak and valley intensities that fall between the Exemplary Violet Channels Minimum and the Exemplary Violet Channels Maximum shown in Table 38.
  • the violet channel can produce violet light having a spectral power distribution with relative ratios of intensity between particular pairs of the peak and valley intensities that fall between the Exemplary Violet Channels Minimum and the Exemplary Violet Channels Maximum values shown in Table 39.
  • the violet channel can have a spectral power distribution with the relative ratios of intensity between particular pairs of the peak and valley intensities increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the relative ratio values shown in Table 39 for one or more of Violet Channels 1-5 and the Exemplary Violet Channels Average.
  • Tables 40 and 41 and FIG. 20 show some aspects of exemplary yellow lighting channels for some implementations of the disclosure.
  • a Violet Peak (Vp) is present in a range of about 330 nm to about 430 nm.
  • a Violet Valley (Vv) is present in a range of about 420 nm to about 510 nm.
  • a Green Peak (GP) is present in a range of about 500 nm to about 780 nm.
  • Table 40 shows the relative intensities of the peaks and valleys for exemplary yellow lighting channels of the disclosure, with the Gp values assigned an arbitrary value of 1.0 in the table. The wavelength at which each peak or valley is present is also shown in Table 40.
  • Table 41 shows the relative ratios of intensity between particular pairs of the peaks and valleys of the spectral power distributions for exemplary yellow lighting channels and minimum, average, and maximum values thereof.
  • the yellow channel can have a spectral power distribution with the relative intensities of VP and Vv increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values for one or more of Yellow Channels 1-6 and the Exemplary Yellow Channels Average shown in Table 40.
  • the yellow channel can produce yellow light having a spectral power distribution with peak and valley intensities that fall between the Exemplary Y ellow Channels Minimum and the Exemplary Y ellow Channels Maximum shown in Table 40.
  • the yellow channel can produce yellow light having a spectral power distribution with relative ratios of intensity between particular pairs of the peak and valley intensities that fall between the Exemplary Y ellow Channels Minimum and the Exemplary Y ellow Channels Maximum values shown in Table 41.
  • the yellow channel can have a spectral power distribution with the relative ratios of intensity between particular pairs of the peak and valley intensities increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the relative ratio values for one or more of Yellow Channels 1-6 and the Exemplary Yellow Channels Average shown in Table 41.
  • Tables 42 and 43 and FIG. 21 show some aspects of exemplary red lighting channels for some implementations of the disclosure.
  • a Blue Peak is present in a range of about 380 nm to about 460 nm.
  • a Blue Valley is present in a range of about 450 nm to about 510 nm.
  • a Red Peak is present in a range of about 500 nm to about 780 nm.
  • Table 42 shows the relative intensities of the peaks and valleys for exemplary red lighting channels of the disclosure, with the Rp values assigned an arbitrary value of 1.0 in the table. The wavelength at which each peak or valley is present is also shown in Table 42.
  • Table 43 shows the relative ratios of intensity between particular pairs of the peaks and valleys of the spectral power distributions for exemplary red lighting channels and minimum, average, and maximum values thereof.
  • the red channel can have a spectral power distribution with the relative intensities of Bp and Bv increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the values for one or more of Red Channels 1, 3-6, and 9-17 and the Exemplary Red Channels Average shown in Table 42.
  • the red channel can produce red light having a spectral power distribution with peak and valley intensities that fall between the Exemplary Red Channels Minimum and the Exemplary Red Channels Maximum shown in Table 42.
  • the red channel can produce red light having a spectral power distribution with relative ratios of intensity between particular pairs of the peak and valley intensities that fall between the Exemplary Red Channels Minimum and the Exemplary Red Channels Maximum values shown in Table 43.
  • the red channel can have a spectral power distribution with the relative ratios of intensity between particular pairs of the peak and valley intensities increased or decreased within 30% greater or less, within 20% greater or less, within 10% greater or less, or within 5% greater or less than the relative ratio values for one or more of Red Channels 1, 3-6, and 9-17 and the Exemplary Red Channels Average shown in Table 43.
  • Blends of luminescent materials can be used in luminophoric mediums having the desired saturated color points when excited by their respective LED strings including luminescent materials such as those disclosed in co-pending application PCT/US2016/015318 filed January 28, 2016, entitled“Compositions for LED Light Conversions”, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by this reference as if fully set forth herein.
  • a desired combined output light can be generated along a tie line between the LED string output light color point and the saturated color point of the associated recipient luminophoric medium by utilizing different ratios of total luminescent material to the encapsulant material in which it is incorporated.
  • the desired saturated color point of a recipient luminophoric medium can be achieved by blending two or more luminescent materials in a ratio.
  • the appropriate ratio to achieve the desired saturated color point can be determined via methods known in the art.
  • any blend of luminescent materials can be treated as if it were a single luminescent material, thus the ratio of luminescent materials in the blend can be adjusted to continue to meet a target CIE value for LED strings having different peak emission wavelengths.
  • Luminescent materials can be tuned for the desired excitation in response to the selected LEDs used in the LED strings, which may have different peak emission wavelengths within the range of from about 360 nm to about 535 nm. Suitable methods for tuning the response of luminescent materials are known in the art and may include altering the concentrations of dopants within a phosphor, for example. In some implementations of the present disclosure, luminophoric mediums can be provided with combinations of two types of luminescent materials. The first type of luminescent material emits light at a peak emission between about 515 nm and about 590 nm in response to the associated LED string emission.
  • the second type of luminescent material emits at a peak emission between about 590 nm and about 700 nm in response to the associated LED string emission.
  • the luminophoric mediums disclosed herein can be formed from a combination of at least one luminescent material of the first and second types described in this paragraph.
  • the luminescent materials of the first type can emit light at a peak emission at about 515 nm, 525 nm, 530 nm, 535 nm, 540 nm, 545 nm, 550 nm, 555 nm, 560 nm, 565 nm, 570 nm, 575 nm, 580 nm, 585 nm, or 590 nm in response to the associated LED string emission.
  • the luminescent materials of the first type can emit light at a peak emission between about 520 nm to about 555 nm.
  • the luminescent materials of the second type can emit light at a peak emission at about 590 nm, about 595 nm, 600 nm, 605 nm, 610 nm, 615 nm, 620 nm, 625 nm, 630 nm, 635 nm, 640 nm, 645 nm, 650 nm, 655 nm, 670 nm, 675 nm, 680 nm, 685 nm, 690 nm, 695 nm, or 700 nm in response to the associated LED string emission.
  • the luminescent materials of the first type can emit light at a peak emission between about 600 nm to about 670 nm.
  • Some exemplary luminescent materials of the first and second type are disclosed elsewhere herein and referred to as Compositions A-F. Table 6 shows aspects of some exemplar luminescent materials and properties.
  • Blends of Compositions A-F can be used in luminophoric mediums having desired saturated color points when excited by respective LED strings in the lighting channels of the disclosure.
  • one or more blends of one or more of Compositions A-F can be used to produce luminophoric mediums.
  • one or more of Compositions A, B, and D and one or more of Compositions C, E, and F can be combined to produce luminophoric mediums.
  • the encapsulant for luminophoric mediums comprises a matrix material having density of about 1.1 mg/mm3 and refractive index of about 1.545 or from about 1.4 to about 1.6.
  • Composition A can have a refractive index of about 1.82 and a particle size from about 18 micrometers to about 40 micrometers.
  • Composition B can have a refractive index of about 1.84 and a particle size from about 13 micrometers to about 30 micrometers.
  • Composition C can have a refractive index of about 1.8 and a particle size from about 10 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
  • Composition D can have a refractive index of about 1.8 and a particle size from about 10 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.
  • Suitable phosphor materials for Compositions A, B, C, and D are commercially available from phosphor manufacturers such as Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), Intematix Corporation (Fremont, CA), EMD Performance Materials of Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), and PhosphorTech Corporation (Kennesaw, GA).
  • the circadian-inducing blue light in the bioactive panel systems can have circadian-stimulating energy (CSE) characteristics that lead to biological effects in users.
  • CSE circadian-stimulating energy
  • the circadian-inducing blue, and overall light emissions including the circadian-inducing blue can have a first circadian-stimulating energy characteristic related to the associated first spectral power distribution of the circadian-inducing blue or overall light emissions, while light emissions from the non- circadian-inducing blue and related overall light emissions can have a second circadian-stimulating energy characteristic related to the associated second spectral power distribution of the circadian-inducing blue or overall light emissions.
  • the first circadian-stimulating energy characteristic and the second circadian-stimulating energy characteristic can be the percentage of the spectral power in the associated first spectral power distribution and the second spectral power distribution, respectively, between a first wavelength value and a second wavelength value, forming a particular wavelength range therein greater than the first wavelength value and less than or equal to the second wavelength value.
  • the first and second circadian- stimulating energy characteristics can be one or more of the percentage of spectral power in the wavelength ranges of 470 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 480 nm, 480 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 490 nm, and 490 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 500 nm in comparison to the total energy from 320 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 800 nm in the first and second spectral power distributions respectively.
  • the percentage of spectral power in the wavelength ranges of 470 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 480 nm in comparison to the total energy from 320 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 800 nm of the first spectral power distribution can be between about 2.50 and about 6.00, between about 3.00 and about 5.50, between about 3.00 and about 4.00, between about 3.50 and about 4.00, about 3.0, about 3.1, about 3.2, about 3.3, about 3.4, about 3.5, about 3.6, about 3.7, about 3.8, about 3.9, about 4.0, about 4.1, about 4.2, about 4.3, about
  • the percentage of spectral power in the wavelength ranges of 480 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 490 nm in comparison to the total energy from 320 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 800 nm in the first spectral power distribution can be between about 4.0 and about
  • the percentage of spectral power in the wavelength ranges of 490 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 500 nm in comparison to the total energy from 320 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 800 nm in the first spectral power distribution can be between about 3.5 and about 6.0, between about 4.0 and about 5.0, between about 4.5 and about 5.5, between about 4.5 and about 5.0, about 3.5, about 3.6, about 3.7, about 3.8, about 3.9, about 4.0, about 4.1, about 4.2, about 4.3, about 4.4, about 4.5, about 4.6, about 4.7, about 4.8, about 4.9, about 5.0, about 5.1, about 5.2, about 5.3, about 5.4, about 5.5, about 5.6, about 5.7, about 5.8, about 5.9, or about 6.0.
  • the percentage of spectral power in the wavelength ranges of 470 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 480 nm in comparison to the total energy from 320 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 800 nm in the second spectral power distribution can be between about 0.025 and about 0.080, between about 0.030 and about 0.060, between about 0.050 and about 0.070, between about 0.050 and about 0.060, about 0.025, about 0.030, about 0.035, about 0.040, about 0.045, about 0.050, about 0.055, about 0.56, about 0.57, about 0.58, about 0.59, about 0.060, about 0.61, about 0.62, about 0.63, about 0.64, about 0.065, about 0.66, about 0.67, about 0.68, about 0.69, about 0.070, about 0.075, or about 0.080.
  • the percentage of spectral power in the wavelength ranges of 480 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 490 nm in comparison to the total energy from 320 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 800 nm in the second spectral power distribution can be between about 0.10 and about 0.30, between about 0.10 and about 0.15, between about 0.20 and about 0.25, between about 0.13 and about 0.24, about 0.10, about 0.11, about 0.12, about 0.13, about 0.14, about 0.15, about 0.016, about 0.17, about 0.18, about 0.19, about 0.20, about 0.21, about 0.22, about 0.23, about 0.24, about 0.25, about 0.26, about 0.27, about 0.28, about 0.29, or about 0.30.
  • the percentage of spectral power in the wavelength ranges of 490 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 500 nm in comparison to the total energy from 320 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 800 nm in the second spectral power distribution can be between about 0.25 and about 0.75, between about 0.25 and about 0.40, between about 0.55 and about 0.70, between about 0.30 and about 0.35, about 0.25, about 0.26, about 0.27, about 0.28, about 0.29, about 0.30, about 0.31, about 0.32, about 0.33, about
  • the first and second circadian-stimulating energy characteristics can relate to spectral energy within particular wavelength ranges.
  • spectral energy can relate to spectral energy within particular wavelength ranges.
  • ipRGCs intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
  • melanopsin a photopigment that can respond to light directly, and can be associated with non-image-forming functions such as circadian photoentrainment and pupil-size control in addition to some image-forming functions.
  • ipRGCs are sensitive to light at wavelengths between about 400 nm and about 600 nm, with a peak sensitivity and response to light with wavelengths around 480 nm to 490 nm.
  • the first circadian-stimulating energy is sensitive to light at wavelengths between about 400 nm and about 600 nm, with a peak sensitivity and response to light with wavelengths around 480 nm to 490 nm.
  • the circadian-stimulating energy characteristic and the second circadian-stimulating energy characteristic can be the percentage of the spectral power in the first spectral power distribution and the second spectral power distribution, respectively, between a first wavelength value and a second wavelength value, forming a particular wavelength range therein greater than the first wavelength value and less than or equal to the second wavelength value.
  • the first wavelength value can be about 400 nm, about 410 nm, about 420 nm, about 430 nm, about 440 nm, about 450 nm, about 460 nm, about 470 nm, about 480 nm, about 490 nm, about 500 nm, about 510 nm, about 520 nm, about 530 nm, about 540 nm, about 550, about 560 nm, about 570 nm, about 580 nm, about 590 nm, or about 600 nm.
  • the second wavelength value can be about 410 nm, about 420 nm, about 430 nm, about 440 nm, about 450 nm, about 460 nm, about 470 nm, about 480 nm, about 490 nm, about 500 nm, about 510 nm, about 520 nm, about 530 nm, about 540 nm, about 550, about 560 nm, about 570 nm, about 580 nm, about 590 nm, about 600 nm, or about 610 nm.
  • the first wavelength value can be 440 nm and the second wavelength value can be 490 nm, with the particular wavelength range being 440 ⁇ l ⁇ 490 nm, as shown for values for the exemplary first and second lighting channels shown in Table 3, which shows the percent spectral energy in the range 440 ⁇ l ⁇ 490 nm in comparison to the total spectral energy in the range 380 ⁇ l ⁇ 780 nm.
  • first and second wavelength values can be selected for the first circadian-stimulating energy characteristic and the second circadian-stimulating energy characteristic of the percentages of the spectral power in the first spectral power distribution and the second spectral power distribution between the first and second wavelength values, including but not limited to wavelength ranges (in nm) from about 400 to about 410, about 410 to about 420, about 420 to about 430, about 430 to about 440, about 440 to about 450, about 450 to about 460, about 460 to about 470, about 470 to about 480, about 480 to about 490, about 490 to about 500, about 500 to about 510, about 510 to about 520, about 520 to about 530, about 530 to about 540, about 540 to about 550, or about 550 to about 560.
  • one or more of the circadian-stimulating energy characteristics of the lighting systems can be EML values of the first, second, and third white light.
  • the lighting systems can provide a ratio of a first EML value of the first spectral power distribution to a second EML value of the second spectral power distribution.
  • the ratio of the first EML value to the second EML value can be between about 2.0 and about 5.5, between about 3.0 and about 5.0, between about 2.8 and about 3.8, between about 2.6 and about 3.3, between about 4.0 and about 5.5, between about 4.5 and about 5.5, between about 5.5 and about 6.5, between about 6.5 and about 7.5, between about 7.5 and about 8.5, between about 8.5 and about 9.5, between about 2.0 and about 10.0, between about 3.0 and about 10.0, between about 4.0 and about 10.0, between about 5.0 and about 10.0, between about 6.0 and about 10.0, between about 7.0 and about 10.0, between about 8.0 and about 10.0, or between about 9.0 and about 10.0.
  • the ratio of the first EML value to the second EML value can be about 2.0, about 2.1, about 2.2, about 2.3, about 2.4, about 2.5, about 2.6, about 2.7, about 2.8, about 2.9, about 3.0, about 3.1, about 3.2, about 3.3, about 3.4, about 3.5, about 3.6, about 3.7, about 3.8, about 3.9, about 4.0, about 4.1, about 4.2, about 4.3, about 4.4, about 4.5, about 4.6, about 4.7, about 4.8, about 4.9, about 5.0, about 5.1, about 5.2, about 5.3, about 5.4, about 5.5, about 5.6, about 5.7, about 5.8, about 5.9, about 6, about 6.1, about 6.2, about 6.3, about 6.4, about 6.5, about 6.6, about 6.7, about 6.8, about 6.9, about 7, about 7.1, about 7.2, about 7.3, about 7.4, about 7.5, about 7.6, about 7.7, about 7.8, about 7.9, about 8, about 8.1
  • the first spectral power distribution has a first circadian-stimulating energy characteristic
  • the second spectral power distribution has a second circadian-stimulating energy characteristic.
  • the first circadian-stimulating energy characteristic can be a first percentage, the first percentage comprising the percentage of the spectral power between 380 nm and 780 nm in the first spectral power distribution between 440 nm and 490 nm.
  • the second circadian-stimulating energy characteristic can be a second percentage, the second percentage comprising the percentage of the spectral power between 380 nm and 780 nm in the second spectral power distribution between 440 nm and 490 nm.
  • the first percentage can be between about 15% and about 25%, between about 16% and about 22%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, or about 25%.
  • the second percentage can be between about 0.9% and about 1.05%, between about 0.85% and about 0.95%, between about 0.85% and about 0.90%, between about 0.90% and about 0.95%, about 0.90%, about 0.91%, about 0.92%, about 0.93%, about 0.94%, about 0.95%, about 0.96%, about 0.97%, about 0.98%, about 0.99%, about 1.00%, about 1.01%, about 1.02%, about 1.03%, about 1.04%, or about 1.05%.
  • the lighting systems can have a ratio of the first percentage to the second percentage of between about 13 and about 30, between about 15 and about 25, between about 20 and about 25, between about 20 and about 30, between about 18 and about 22, about 13, about 14, about 15, about 16, about 17, about 18, about 19, about 20, about 21, about 22, about 23, about 24, about 25, about 26, about 27, about 28, about 29, or about 30.
  • LRNE Properties between about 13 and about 30, between about 15 and about 25, between about 20 and about 25, between about 20 and about 30, between about 18 and about 22, about 13, about 14, about 15, about 16, about 17, about 18, about 19, about 20, about 21, about 22, about 23, about 24, about 25, about 26, about 27, about 28, about 29, or about 30.
  • Red light in the bioactive panel systems can have LRNE characteristics that lead to biological effects in users.
  • LRNE may include visible red spectrum“Long Red” LRNE light emissions with a first LRNE energy characteristic related to the associated first LRNE spectral power distribution and“Near Infrared” LRNE i.e. Non-visible spectrum light emissions from a second LRNE red channel which will have a second LRNE spectral power distribution.
  • An integrated control system can connect one or more external systems, input, and information to provide bioactive lighting, as discussed herein, through a plurality of devices, systems, and modalities.
  • the control system may communicate over one or more computing systems using one or more servers and networks 3305 in communication with one another (e.g., network, Bluetooth, wired, wireless communication, etc.).
  • lighting systems associated with each device may be managed by a master device 3340, which can communicate various lighting levels, timing, and configuration, for example, to achieve the desired bioactive lighting. Such levels may vary based on one or more of time of day, intended effect of the lighting, individual preferences, capabilities of the device, feedback mechanisms, sensor input, and more.
  • control systems may comprise a variety of devices, including but not limited to panels and panel systems 3310, computing systems 3320, laptops, mobile devices 3330, wearable devices 3333, sensors 3335, lighting systems 3350 including but not limited to home, office, vehicle, and industrial lighting systems.
  • the master device 3340 may be a mobile device, computing systems, as discussed further below, and may be manually managed, automated, incorporated with machine learning, located in the cloud, and more.
  • lighting systems that may be used in a bioactive computer display system and/or bioactive panel system 3310 in accordance with the principles of the present inventions may be controlled over time to supplement, treat or otherwise effect biological system and cycles of an exposed user throughout the day in different ways.
  • the lighting systems may be automatically, semi-automatically or manually adjusted.
  • the lighting systems may be adjusted based on sensor data, activity data, social media data, etc.
  • the panel 3310 systems are installed in the environment of a lighting installation, networking features automatically engage upon powering up one or more the panel systems, and the panel systems may automatically commission themselves, such as by connecting to an overall control platform and/or to other panel systems.
  • the panel systems in an installation may self commission and self-configure to create a network connection between the panel systems in the environment and a remote operator (such as in the cloud).
  • the panel systems may configure in a master/slave, ring, mesh, or peer-to-peer network, by which autonomous control features may be engaged in the environment.
  • remote control features may be engaged using the network connection to the platform or other remote operators.
  • networked communication can be used among components in the control system 3000 in a deployed lighting installation that includes panel systems.
  • control of the lighting installation may be handed over to an operator of a platform, such as a building owner, occupant, landlord, tenant, or the like.
  • handoff may include using identity and authentication features, such as using keys, passwords, or the like that allow operation of the lighting installation by permitted users.
  • a remote-control interface of the platform may be used by an operator for remote operation of the lighting installation.
  • the remote-control interface may use a lighting project data structure as a source of knowledge about the properties, configurations, control capabilities, and other elements of a lighting installation, so that the same platform used for the design of the lighting installation may be used to control the lighting installation.
  • the remote-control interface may include operational guidance features, such as guiding users through the operation of a lighting installation.
  • an autonomous control system may be provided for a lighting installation that includes panel systems of the present disclosure, by which the lighting installation may control various features of the lighting system, such as based on information collected locally in the environment, such as from one or more sensors 3330.
  • the autonomous control system may be provided for a lighting installation that includes panel systems of the present disclosure, by which the lighting installation may control various features of the lighting system, such as based on information collected locally in the environment, such as from one or more sensors 3330.
  • the autonomous control system may be provided for a lighting installation that includes panel systems of the present disclosure, by which the lighting installation may control various features of the lighting system, such as based on information collected locally in the environment, such as from one or more sensors 3330.
  • the autonomous control system may be provided for a lighting installation that includes panel systems of the present disclosure, by which the lighting installation may control various features of the lighting system, such as based on information collected locally in the environment, such as from one or more sensors 3330.
  • the autonomous control system may be provided for a lighting installation that includes panel systems of the
  • automatically adjust control parameters for a light source including but not limited to panel systems, to achieve improved adherence to the overall specifications for a lighting installation, may adjust timing variables based on detected usage patterns in a space, may adjust lighting properties based on changes in a space (such as changes in colors paints, carpet and fabrics), and the like.
  • the lighting installation may include an operational feedback system, configured to collect information about the lighting installation, which may include interfaces for soliciting and receiving user feedback (such as regarding satisfaction with the installation or indicating desired changes) and which may include a sensor system 3330, e.g., a lighting installation sensor system, such as including light sensors, motion sensors, temperature sensors, and others to collect information about the actual lighting conditions in the environment, activities of occupants within the environment, and the like.
  • Information collected by the lighting installation sensor system may be relayed to a validation system of the lighting platform, such as for validation that an installation is operating as designed, including by comparison of light properties at various locations in the environment with the specifications and requirements provided in the lighting design environment, such as reflected in the lighting project data structure.
  • the variances from the specifications and requirements may be provided to the autonomous control system and/or the remote-control system, so that adjustments may be made, either autonomously or by a local or remote operator of the lighting installation, to enable adjustments (such as to colors, intensities, color temperatures, beam directions, and other factors), such as to cause the lighting installation to better meet the
  • the operational feedback system may also capture feedback that leads to revisiting the lighting design in the lighting design
  • remote control may enable field programmable lighting systems, such as for transitional environments like museums (where art objects change regularly), stores (where merchandise shifts) and the like as well as for customizable environments (such as personalizing lighting in a hotel room according to a specification for a guest (which may include having the guest select an aesthetic filter) or personalized lighting for a workstation for an employee in an office setting.
  • Such features may enable the lighting installation to change configurations (such as among different aesthetic filters) for multi-use environments, multi-tenant environments, and the like where lighting conditions may need to change substantially over time.
  • a lighting system may include navigation features, such as being associated with beacons, where the lighting system interacts with one or more devices to track users within a space.
  • the panel systems and their locations may be associated with a map, such as the map of the lighting space in the design environment.
  • the map may be provided from the lighting design environment to one or more other location or navigation systems, such that locations of panel systems may be used as known locations or points of interest within a space.
  • the lighting installation may be designed for an operation that is coordinated with one or more external systems, e.g., lighting, panel, and computer systems, which may serve as inputs to the lighting installation, such as music, video and other entertainment content (such as to coordinate lighting with sound).
  • Inputs may include voice control inputs, which may include systems for assessing tone or mood from vocal patterns, such as to adjust lighting based on the same.
  • external systems can include, but are not limited to one or more computing environments, networks, local devices, remote devices, mobile devices, and wearable technology.
  • each of those systems may provide the external input utilizable with control systems and embodiments discussed herein.
  • external inputs may include, but are not limited to audible, tactile, sensory, and user information through one or more sensors and other means, depending on the external system and its capabilities.
  • external systems and external information may also comprise the same types systems and information discussed below and in various embodiments herein.
  • inputs may also include inputs from sensors associated with wearable devices 3330, such as enabling adjustment of lighting control parameters (autonomously or with remote or local control features) based on physiological factors, such as ones indicating health conditions, emotional states, moods, or the like.
  • Inputs from wearable devices may be used in the operational feedback system, such as to measure reactions to lighting conditions (such as to enable automated adjustment of a lighting installation), as well as to measure impacts on mood, health conditions, energy, wellness factors, and the like.
  • the platform may be configured to change settings or parameters for a lighting installation (including but not limited to panel systems of the present disclosure, such as by using a custom tuning system) based on a variety of real time data, with a view to having the lighting installation, including panel systems included therein, best suit its environment in a dynamic way.
  • data may be obtained that serves as an indicator of the emotional state or the stress level of an environment, and the lighting installation may respond accordingly to that state or stress level.
  • data about the environment may be collected by a wearable device 3333, such as a smartwatch, armband, or the like; for example, data may be collected on acceleration, location, ambient light characteristics, and heart rate, among other possibilities.
  • the data may be provided to the platform for analysis, including using machine learning, such as to observe physiological indicators of stress, mood, or the like under given lighting conditions.
  • the analysis may enable model-based controls (such as where a given mood or state of the users in a room are linked to a set of control parameters appropriate for that state).
  • machine learning may be used; for example, over time, by variation of parameters for lighting objects and fixtures (such as color, color temperature, illumination patterns, lighting distributions, and many others), a machine learning system may, using feedback on outcomes based at least in part on physiological data and other data collected by a wearable device, select and/or promotion lighting installation parameters that improve various measures of stress, mood, satisfaction, or the like.
  • data collected at least in part by a physiological monitor or wearable device may be used as an input to processing logic on a lighting object that changes lighting levels or other parameters to accommodate the 'emotional state' of the users in an environment where the lighting object is located.
  • processing logic on a lighting object that changes lighting levels or other parameters to accommodate the 'emotional state' of the users in an environment where the lighting object is located.
  • inputs may include systems that take data harvested from sensors 3335 in the lighting installation environment as well as sensors that reflect information about users, such as one or more of physiological sensors (including wearable devices, such as armbands, wrist bands, chest bands, glasses, clothing, and the like), sensors on various devices used by a user, ambient sensors, and the like. These may include sensing one or more of temperature, pressure, ambient lighting conditions, localized lighting conditions, lighting spectrum characteristics, humidity, UV light, sound, particles, pollutants, gases (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and radon), radiation, location of objects or items, motion (e.g., speed, direction and/or acceleration). Where one or more wearable or physiological sensors are used, they may sense one or more of a person' s
  • the platform may connect to or integrate with data sources of information about users, such as including social networks (FacebookTM, LinkedlnTM, TwitterTM, and the like, sources of medical records (23&MeTM and the like), productivity, collaboration and/or calendaring software (GoogleTM, OutlookTM, scheduling apps and the like), information about web browsing and/or shopping activity, activity on media streaming services (NetflixTM, SpotifyTM, YouTubeTM, PandoraTM and the like), health record information and other sources of insight about the preferences or characteristics of users of the space of a lighting installation, including psychographic, demographic and other characteristics.
  • the platform may use information from sources that indicate patterns, such as patterns involving periods of time (daily patterns, weekly patterns, seasonal patterns, and the like), patterns involving cultural factors or norms (such as indicating usage patterns or preferences in different regions), patterns relating to personality and preferences, patterns relating to social groups (such as family and work group patterns), and the like.
  • the platform may make use of the data harvested from various sources noted above to make recommendations and/or to optimize (such as automatically, under computer control) the design, ordering, fulfillment, deployment and/or operation of a lighting installation, such as based on understanding or prediction of user behavior.
  • This may include recommendation or optimization relating to achieving optimal sleep time and duration, setting optimal mealtimes, satisfying natural light exposure requirements during the day, and maintaining tolerable artificial light exposure levels (such as during night time).
  • the platform may anticipate user needs and optimize the lighting installation to enhance productivity, alertness, emotional well being, satisfaction, safety and/or sleep.
  • the platform may control one or more panel systems of the present disclosure in accordance with the user needs of the environment based on this information.
  • the platform may store a space utilization data structure that indicates, over time, how people use the space of the lighting installation, such as indicating what hallways are more trafficked, and the like. This may inform understanding of a space, such as indicating what is an entry, what is a passage, what is a workspace, and the like, which may be used to suggest changes or updates to a lighting design.
  • sensors may be used to collect and read where people have been in the space, such as using one or more video cameras, IR sensors, microwave sensors. LIDAR, ultrasound or the like.
  • the platform may collect and read what adjustments people have made, such as task lamp activation and other activities that indicate how a lighting fixture is used by an individual in a space.
  • aggregate usage information may be used to optimize a lighting design and adjust other lighting designs. Based on these factors, a space may be dynamically adjusted, and the lighting model for an installation may be updated to reflect the actual installation.
  • control capabilities of the panel systems may include dynamic configuration of control parameters, such as providing a dimming curve for a light source, including but not limited to a panel system of the present disclosure, that is customized to the preferences of a designer or other user. This may include a selection from one or more modes, such as ones described elsewhere herein that have desired effects on mood or aesthetic factors, that have desired health effects, that meet the functional requirements, or the like.
  • Bioactive thresholds may, in some instances, benefit from prolonged exposure to at least one of one of CSE and LRNE.
  • a melanopic flux of at least 10: 1 may be suitable , in other instances the melanopic flux may be 20: 1, 50: 1, 100: 1, or a greater ratio.
  • the platform may include spectral tuning targets for panel systems of the present disclosure that may optimize this ratio based on local installation environments. These targets, in a first operational mode along with adjustments intensity of light (e.g., 4: 1) may provide a higher ratio, such as a 10: 1 ratio or greater, and thus provide greater melanopic flux ratios.
  • the platform may support an ability to shift the bias of light in a room.
  • controlled variation of one or more panel systems of the present disclosure in a lighting environment can contribute to generating a lighting bias typical of being outside.
  • various other programmable modes may be provided, such as bioactive panel system settings where using different combinations of color light sources to achieve a given mixed color output may be optimized for efficacy, efficiency, color quality, health impact (e.g., circadian action and/or LRNE action), or to satisfy other requirements.
  • the programmable modes may also include programmable dimming curves, color tuning curves, and the like (such as allowing various control interfaces, such as extra-low voltage (ELV) controllers or voltage-based dimmers to affect fixture colors, such as where a custom tuning curve provides a start point, an end point and a dimming and/or color tuning path in response to a level of dimming).
  • ELV extra-low voltage
  • programmable modes may use conventional tuning mechanisms, such as simple interpolation systems (which typically use two or three white color LEDs) are dimmable on a zero to ten-volt analog system, and have a second voltage-based input for adjusting the CCT of a fixture between warm and cool CCTs.
  • the bioactive panel systems as described herein can provide for tunable ranges of color points at various x, y coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. Because of the wide range of potential white or non-white colors produced by the panel systems, they may be controlled by the platform that may specify a particular x, y coordinate on the CIE diagram. Lighting control protocols like DMXTM and Dali 2.0TM may achieve this result.
  • control system described herein controls output of at least one CSE and LRNE. In some embodiments a
  • programmable color curve for an LED driver may be input, such as through an interface of the platform, or through a desktop software interface, a mobile phone 3330, a tablet app, or the like, that enables a user to define a start and stop point to a color tuning curve and to specify how it will be controlled by a secondary input, such as a voltage-based input (e.g., a 0 to 10-volt input) to the fixture.
  • a secondary input such as a voltage-based input (e.g., a 0 to 10-volt input) to the fixture.
  • a voltage-based input e.g., a 0 to 10-volt input
  • These may include pre-defmed curves, as well as the ability to set start, end, and waypoints to define custom curves.
  • an exemplary color curve can have a starting point around 8000K biased above the black body curve, with the color curve crossing the black body around 2700K, and finishing around 1800K below the black body curve.
  • Another exemplary curve could be programmed such that the start was 4000K well above the black body, with the end being 4000K well below the black body.
  • any adjustment would be in hue only, not CCT.
  • Further examples may include a curve that never produces a white color, such as starting in the purple and finishing in orange.
  • these curves may be programmed into panel systems via the interface of the platform, the desktop, mobile phone or tablet.
  • the curves may be designed, saved, and then activated, such as using the secondary (supplemental) 0 to 10-volt input.
  • a three-channel warm dim operational mode may be used, such as that described more fully in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/712,182 filed July 30, 2018, which is incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes, for target applications where the“fully on” CCT falls between 3000K and 2500K.
  • the CCT may be gradually decreased to between 2500K and 1800K.
  • the hue adjustment may all occur below the black body curve.
  • Alternative embodiments may use a cyan channel as described elsewhere herein, either long-blue-pumped cyan or short-blue-pumped cyan, and a red channel which may provide LRNE spectral power as described elsewhere herein, plus a 4000K white channel as described elsewhere herein to achieve a warm dimming operational mode that allows for adjustment both above and below the black body curve.
  • the white channel can have a color point within a 7-step MacAdam ellipse around any point on the black body locus having a correlated color temperature between about 3500K and about 6500K.
  • the panel systems of the present disclosure can include a 4-channel color system as described elsewhere herein and in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/757,672 filed November 8, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/712,191 filed July 30, 2018, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety as if fully set forth herein, includes 3000K to 1800K CCT white color points within its range, a programmable mode may be included within the driver that adjusts color with the dimming percentage as well.
  • this may be similar to a conventional control mode, except that the color control would not be on the secondary 0 to 10-volt channel, but may be activated through the primary 0 to 10-volt input channel or ELV controller.
  • the“starting” color point may be the one when the fixture was“fully on.”
  • the“ending” color point may be the one where the fixture is maximally dimmed. It is thus possible to make full range color change, such as purple to orange, which is slaved to the 0 to 10-volt or ELV dimming signal.
  • an optimized mode may be provided.
  • the maximally efficient mode may typically be one that uses the colors that have x, y coordinates closest to the target x, y coordinate. But for best color quality, utilizing a fourth channel (and thereby requiring more light from the color in the opposite“comer”) may help provide a desired spectral power distribution.
  • a higher cyan channel content may be required for CCTs of 3500K and above and minimizing cyan and blue content below 3500K. It will be appreciated in light of the disclosure that conventional systems either require expert users to understand the color balances necessary to achieve these effects (who then implement the color balances channel-by-channel) or are designed for maximum efficiency with color quality as a byproduct.
  • a digital power system is provided herein (including firmware-driven power conversion and LED current control) that controls a multichannel color system, such as a 4-channel color system, and allows for the inclusion of“modes” which may calculate the correct color balance between the various channels to provide optimized outputs.
  • modes may occur around one or more of efficacy, color quality, circadian effects, LRNE effects, and other factors. Other modes are possible, such as optimizing for contrast, particular display requirements.
  • machine learning may be used, such as based on various feedback measures, such as relating to mood (stated by the user or measured by one or more sensors), noise levels (such as indicating successful utilization of a space based on a desired level of noise), returns on investment (such as where panel systems are intended to promote retail merchandise), reported pain levels, measured health levels, performance levels of users (including fitness, wellness, and educational performance, among others), sleep levels, vitamin D levels, melatonin levels, and many others.
  • various feedback measures such as relating to mood (stated by the user or measured by one or more sensors), noise levels (such as indicating successful utilization of a space based on a desired level of noise), returns on investment (such as where panel systems are intended to promote retail merchandise), reported pain levels, measured health levels, performance levels of users (including fitness, wellness, and educational performance, among others), sleep levels, vitamin D levels, melatonin levels, and many others.
  • the lighting installations including the panel systems may be operated or controlled based on external information, such as based on seasonal lighting conditions, weather, climate, collective mood indicators (such as based on stock market data, news feeds, or sentiment indices), analyses of social network data, and the like. This may include controlling a system to reflect, or influence, the mood of occupants.
  • FIG. 41 depicts an example computing environment 3000 suitable for implementing aspects of the embodiments of the present invention, including the control system, which can integrate one or more devices, computing, and lighting systems.
  • the phrase“computing system” generally refers to a dedicated computing device with processing power and storage memory, which supports operating software that underlies the execution of software, applications, and computer programs thereon.
  • an application is a small, in storage size, specialized program that is downloaded to the computing system or device. In some cases, the application is downloaded from an“App Store” such as APPLE’S APP STORE or GOOGLE’s ANDROID MARKET. After download, the application is generally installed on the computer system or computing device.
  • computing environment 3000 includes bus 3010 that directly or indirectly couples the following components: memory 3020, one or more processors 3030, I/O interface 3040, and network interface 3050.
  • Bus 3010 is configured to communicate, transmit, and transfer data, controls, and commands between the various components of computing environment 3000.
  • Computing environment 3000 typically includes a variety of computer-readable media.
  • Computer-readable media can be any available media that is accessible by computing environment 3000 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.
  • Computer-readable media may comprise both computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media does not comprise, and in fact explicitly excludes, signals per se.
  • Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable, tangible and non-transient media, implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data.
  • Computer storage media includes RAM; ROM; EE-PROM; flash memory or other memory technology; CD- ROMs; DVDs or other optical disk storage; magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices; or other mediums or computer storage devices which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by computing environment 3000.
  • Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media.
  • modulated data signal means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal.
  • communication media includes wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media, such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • Memory 3020 includes computer-storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory.
  • the memory may be removable, non-removable, or a combination thereof.
  • Memory 3020 may be implemented using hardware devices such as solid-state memory, hard drives, optical-disc drives, and the like.
  • Computing environment 3000 also includes one or more processors 3030 that read data from various entities such as memory 3020, I/O interface 3040, and network interface 3050.
  • I/O interface 3040 enables computing environment 3000 to communicate with different input devices and output devices. Examples of input devices include a keyboard, a pointing device, a touchpad, a touchscreen, a scanner, a microphone, a joystick, and the like.
  • Examples of output devices include a display device, an audio device (e.g., speakers), a printer, and the like. These and other I/O devices are often connected to processor 3010 through a serial port interface that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port, or universal serial bus (USB).
  • a display device can also be connected to the system bus via an interface, such as a video adapter which can be part of, or connected to, a graphics processor unit.
  • I/O interface 3040 is configured to coordinate I/O traffic between memory 3020, the one or more processors 3030, network interface 3050, and any combination of input devices and/or output devices.
  • Network interface 3050 enables computing environment 3000 to exchange data with other computing devices via any suitable network.
  • program modules depicted relative to computing environment 3000, or portions thereof, may be stored in a remote memory storage device accessible via network interface 3050. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
  • a server that implements a portion or all of one or more of the technologies described herein may include a general-purpose computer system that includes or is configured to access one or more computer- accessible media.
  • FIG. 42 depicts a general-purpose computer system that includes or is configured to access one or more computer-accessible media.
  • computing device 3100 includes one or more processors 3l l0a, 3l l0b, and/or 3110h (which may be referred herein singularly as a processor 1010 or in the plural as the processors 3110) coupled to a system memory 3120 via an input/output (“I/O”) interface 3130.
  • Computing device 3100 further includes a network interface 3140 coupled to I/O interface 3130.
  • computing device 3100 may be a uniprocessor system including one processor 3110 or a multiprocessor system including several processors 3110 (e.g., two, four, eight, or another suitable number).
  • Processors 3110 may be any suitable processors capable of executing instructions.
  • processors 3110 may be general-purpose or embedded processors implementing any of a variety of instruction set architectures (“IS As”), such as the x86, PowerPC, SPARC or MIPS ISAs, or any other suitable ISA.
  • IS As instruction set architectures
  • each of processors 3110 may commonly, but not necessarily, implement the same ISA.
  • a graphics processing unit (“GPU”) 3112 may participate in providing graphics rendering and/or physics processing capabilities.
  • a GPU may, for example, comprise a highly parallelized processor architecture specialized for graphical computations.
  • processors 3110 and GPU 3112 may be implemented as one or more of the same type of device.
  • System memory 3120 may be configured to store instructions and data accessible by processor(s) 3110.
  • system memory 3120 may be implemented using any suitable memory technology, such as static random access memory (“SRAM”), synchronous dynamic RAM (“SDRAM”),
  • nonvolatile/Flash®-type memory or any other type of memory.
  • program instructions and data implementing one or more desired functions are shown stored within system memory 3120 as code 3125 and data 3126.
  • I/O interface 3130 may be configured to coordinate I/O traffic between processor 3110, system memory 3120, and any peripherals in the device, including network interface 3140 or other peripheral interfaces.
  • I/O interface 3130 may perform any necessary protocol, timing or other data transformations to convert data signals from one component (e.g., system memory 3120) into a format suitable for use by another component (e.g., processor 3110).
  • I/O interface 3130 may include support for devices attached through various types of peripheral buses, such as a variant of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (“PCI”) bus standard or the Universal Serial Bus (“USB”) standard, for example.
  • PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • I/O interface 3130 may be split into two or more separate components, such as a north bridge and a south bridge, for example. Also, in some embodiments some or all of the functionality of I/O interface 3130, such as an interface to system memory 3120, may be incorporated directly into processor 3110.
  • Network interface 3140 may be configured to allow data to be exchanged between computing device 3100 and other device or devices 3160 attached to a network or networks 3150, such as other computer systems or devices, for example.
  • network interface 3140 may support
  • network interface 3140 may support communication via telecommunications/telephony networks, such as analog voice networks or digital fiber communications networks, via storage area networks, such as Fibre Channel SANs (storage area networks), or via any other suitable type of network and/or protocol.
  • telecommunications/telephony networks such as analog voice networks or digital fiber communications networks
  • storage area networks such as Fibre Channel SANs (storage area networks)
  • Fibre Channel SANs storage area networks
  • system memory 3120 may be one embodiment of a computer-accessible medium configured to store program instructions and data as described above for implementing embodiments of the corresponding methods and apparatus.
  • program instructions and/or data may be received, sent, or stored upon different types of computer-accessible media.
  • a computer-accessible medium may include non-transitory storage media or memory media, such as magnetic or optical media, e.g., disk or DVD/CD coupled to computing device 3100 via I/O interface 3130.
  • a non-transitory computer-accessible storage medium may also include any volatile or non-volatile media, such as RAM (e.g., SDRAM, DDR SDRAM,
  • a computer-accessible medium may include transmission media or signals, such as electrical, electromagnetic or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium, such as a network and/or a wireless link, such as those that may be implemented via network interface 3140.
  • a communication medium such as a network and/or a wireless link, such as those that may be implemented via network interface 3140.
  • Portions or all of multiple computing devices, such as those illustrated in FIG. 31, may be used to implement the described functionality in various embodiments; for example, software components running on a variety of different devices and servers may collaborate to provide the functionality.
  • portions of the described functionality may be implemented using storage devices, network devices or special-purpose computer systems, in addition to or instead of being implemented using general-purpose computer systems.
  • the term “computing device,” as used herein, refers to at least all these types of devices and is not limited to these types of devices.
  • a compute node which may be referred to also as a computing node, may be implemented on a wide variety of computing environments, such as tablet computers, personal computers, smartphones, game consoles, commodity- hardware computers, virtual machines, web services, computing clusters, and computing appliances. Any of these computing devices or environments may, for convenience, be described as compute nodes or as computing nodes.
  • a network set up by an entity, such as a company or a public sector organization, to provide one or more web services (such as various types of cloud- based computing or storage) accessible via the Internet and/or other networks to a distributed set of clients may be termed a provider network.
  • a provider network may include numerous data centers hosting various resource pools, such as collections of physical and/or virtualized computer servers, storage devices, networking equipment, and the like, needed to implement and distribute the infrastructure and web services offered by the provider network.
  • the resources may in some embodiments be offered to clients in various units related to the web service, such as an amount of storage capacity for storage, processing capability for processing, as instances, as sets of related services, and the like.
  • a virtual computing instance may, for example, comprise one or more servers with a specified computational capacity (which may be specified by indicating the type and number of CPUs, the main memory size, and so on) and a specified software stack (e.g., a particular version of an operating system, which may in turn run on top of a hypervisor).
  • a specified computational capacity which may be specified by indicating the type and number of CPUs, the main memory size, and so on
  • a specified software stack e.g., a particular version of an operating system, which may in turn run on top of a hypervisor.
  • a number of different types of computing devices may be used singly or in combination to implement the resources of the provider network in different embodiments, including general-purpose or special-purpose computer servers, storage devices, network devices, and the like.
  • a client or user may be provided direct access to a resource instance, e.g., by giving a user an administrator login and password.
  • the provider network operator may allow clients to specify execution requirements for specified client applications and schedule execution of the applications on behalf of the client on execution platforms (such as application server instances, JavaTM virtual machines (“JVMs”), general-purpose or special-purpose operating systems, platforms that support various interpreted or compiled programming languages, such as Ruby, Perl, Python, C, C++, and the like, or high-performance computing platforms) suitable for the applications, without, for example, requiring the client to access an instance or an execution platform directly.
  • execution platforms such as application server instances, JavaTM virtual machines (“JVMs”), general-purpose or special-purpose operating systems, platforms that support various interpreted or compiled programming languages, such as Ruby, Perl, Python, C, C++, and the like, or high-performance computing platforms
  • a given execution platform may utilize one or more resource instances in some implementations; in other implementations multiple execution platforms may be mapped to a single resource instance.
  • the computing resource provider may provide facilities for customers to select and launch the desired computing resources, deploy application components to the computing resources, and maintain an application executing in the environment.
  • the computing resource provider may provide further facilities for the customer to quickly and easily scale up or scale down the numbers and types of resources allocated to the application, either manually or through automatic scaling, as demand for or capacity requirements of the application change.
  • the computing resources provided by the computing resource provider may be made available in discrete units, which may be referred to as instances.
  • An instance may represent a physical server hardware platform, a virtual machine instance executing on a server, or some combination of the two.
  • instances may be made available, including different sizes of resources executing different operating systems (“OS”) and/or hypervisors, and with various installed software applications, runtimes, and the like. Instances may further be available in specific availability zones, representing a logical region, a fault tolerant region, a data center, or other geographic location of the underlying computing hardware, for example. Instances may be copied within an availability zone or across availability zones to improve the redundancy of the instance, and instances may be migrated within a particular availability zone or across availability zones. As one example, the latency for client communications with a particular server in an availability zone may be less than the latency for client communications with a different server. As such, an instance may be migrated from the higher latency server to the lower latency server to improve the overall client experience.
  • OS operating systems
  • hypervisors hypervisors
  • the provider network may be organized into a plurality of geographical regions, and each region may include one or more availability zones.
  • An availability zone (which may also be referred to as an availability container) in turn may comprise one or more distinct locations or data centers, configured in such a way that the resources in a given availability zone may be isolated or insulated from failures in other availability zones. That is, a failure in one availability zone may not be expected to result in a failure in any other availability zone.
  • the availability profile of a resource instance is intended to be independent of the availability profile of a resource instance in a different availability zone.
  • Clients may be able to protect their applications from failures at a single location by launching multiple application instances in respective availability zones.
  • inexpensive and low latency network connectivity may be provided between resource instances that reside within the same geographical region (and network transmissions between resources of the same availability zone may be even faster).
  • Each of the processes, methods, and algorithms described in the preceding sections may be embodied in, and fully or partially automated by, code modules executed by one or more computers or computer processors.
  • the code modules may be stored on any type of non-transitory computer-readable medium or computer storage device, such as hard drives, solid state memory, optical disc, and/or the like.
  • the processes and algorithms may be implemented partially or wholly in application-specific circuitry.
  • the results of the disclosed processes and process steps may be stored, persistently or otherwise, in any type of non-transitory computer storage, such as, e.g., volatile or non-volatile storage.
  • some or all of the systems and/or modules may be implemented or provided in other ways, such as at least partially in firmware and/or hardware, including, but not limited to, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”), standard integrated circuits, controllers (e.g., by executing appropriate instructions, and including microcontrollers and/or embedded controllers), field-programmable gate arrays (“FPGAs”), complex programmable logic devices (“CPLDs”), etc.
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • controllers e.g., by executing appropriate instructions, and including microcontrollers and/or embedded controllers
  • FPGAs field-programmable gate arrays
  • CPLDs complex programmable logic devices
  • Some or all of the modules, systems, and data structures may also be stored (e.g., as software instructions or structured data) on a computer-readable medium, such as a hard disk, a memory, a network, or a portable media article to be read by an appropriate device or via an appropriate connection.
  • the systems, modules, and data structures may also be transmitted as generated data signals (e.g., as part of a carrier wave or other analog or digital propagated signal) on a variety of computer-readable transmission media, including wireless-based and wired/cable-based media, and may take a variety of forms (e.g., as part of a single or multiplexed analog signal, or as multiple discrete digital packets or frames).
  • generated data signals e.g., as part of a carrier wave or other analog or digital propagated signal
  • Such computer program products may also take other forms in other embodiments. Accordingly, the present invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations.
  • Conditional language used herein such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,”“e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements, and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.
  • Panel systems having three, four, five, and six LED-string-driven lighting channels with particular color points were simulated.
  • LED strings and recipient luminophoric mediums with particular emissions were selected, and then white light rendering capabilities were calculated for a select number of representative points on or near the Planckian locus between about 1800K and 10000K.
  • Ra, R9, R13, R15, LER, Rf, Rg, CLA, CS, EML, BLH factor, CAF, CER, COI, and circadian performance values were calculated at each representative point.
  • the LED strings generating combined emissions within blue, short-blue-pumped cyan, and red color regions were prepared using spectra of a LUXEON Z Color Line royal blue LEDs (product code LXZ1-PR01) of color bin codes 3, 4, 5, or 6, one or more LUXEON Z Color Line blue LEDs (LXZ1-PB01) of color bin code 1 or 2, or one or more LUXEON royal blue LEDs (product code LXML-PR01 and LXML-PR02) of color bins 3, 4, 5, or 6 (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands).
  • the LED strings generating combined emissions with color points within the long-blue-pumped cyan regions were prepared using spectra of LUXEON Rebel Blue LEDs (LXML-PB01, LXML-PB02) of color bins 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, which have peak wavelengths ranging from 460 nm to 485 nm, or LUXEON Rebel Cyan LEDs (LXML-PE01) of color bins 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, which have peak wavelengths raving from 460 nm to 485 nm. Similar LEDs from other manufacturers such as OSRAM GmbH and Cree, Inc. could also be used.
  • the LED strings generating combined emissions with color points within the yellow and violet regions were simulated using spectra of LEDs having peak wavelengths of between about 380 nm and about 420 nm, such as one or more 410 nm peak wavelength violet LEDs, one or more LUXEON Z UV LEDs (product codes LHUV-0380-, LHUV-0385-, LHUV- 0390-, LHUV-0395-, LHUV-0400-, LHUV-0405-, LHUV-0410-, LHUV-0415-, LHUV-0420-,) (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands), one or more LUXEON UV FC LEDs (product codes LxF3-U4lO) (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands), one or more LUXEON UV U LEDs (product code LHUV- 0415-) (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands), for example.
  • the emission, excitation and absorption curves are available from commercially available phosphor manufacturers such as Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), Intematix Corporation (Fremont, CA), EMD Performance Materials of Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), and PhosphorTech Corporation (Kennesaw, GA).
  • the luminophoric mediums used in the LED strings were combinations of one or more of Compositions A, B, and D and one or more of Compositions C, E, and F as described more fully elsewhere herein.
  • Those of skill in the art appreciate that various combinations of LEDs and luminescent blends can be combined to generate combined emissions with desired color points on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram and the desired spectral power distributions.
  • a LRNE emission wavelengths of Long Red (> 625 to ⁇ 700 nms with peak wavelengths > 640 - 670nms) may be added.
  • a Near-Infrared typically ranges from >700 and ⁇ l400nms (with typical peak wavelengths: 850nm, 940nm, l064nm)
  • LEDs or via a LRNE LED string which is driven by a blue LED utilizing a recipient luminophoric media may be added.
  • a panel system was simulated having four LED strings.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of
  • a second LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a red channel having the color point and characteristics of Red Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5 and 7-9.
  • the red channel includes bioactive LRNE emissions.
  • a third LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a short-blue-pumped cyan color channel having the color point and characteristics of Short-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3 5
  • a fourth LED string is driven by a cyan LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 505 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a long-blue-pumped cyan channel having the color point and characteristics of Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3 5
  • Tables 16-19 shows light-rendering characteristics of the device for a representative selection of white light color points near the Planckian locus.
  • Table 18 shows data for white light color points generated using only the first, second, and third LED strings in high-CRI mode.
  • Table 16 shows data for white light color points generated using all four LED strings in highest-CRI mode.
  • Table 17 shows data for white light color points generated using only the first, second, and fourth LED strings in high-EML mode.
  • Table 19 show performance comparison between white light color points generated at similar approximate CCT values under high-EML mode and high-CRI mode.
  • a panel system was simulated having four LED strings.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a blue channel having the color point and characteristics of Blue Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5.
  • a second LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a red channel having the color point and characteristics of Red Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5 and 7-9.
  • the red channel includes bioactive LRNE emissions.
  • a fifth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 380 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a yellow color channel having the color point and characteristics of Yellow Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 13-15.
  • a sixth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 380 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a violet channel having the color point and characteristics of Violet Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 10-12.
  • Tables 23-24 shows light-rendering characteristics of the device for a representative selection of white light color points near the Planckian locus.
  • Table 23 shows data for white light color points generated using the first, second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the blue, red, yellow, and violet channels, in low-EML mode.
  • Table 24 shows data for white light color points generated using the second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the red, yellow, and violet channels, in very -low-EML mode.
  • a panel system was simulated having four LED strings.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a blue channel having the color point and characteristics of Blue Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5.
  • a second LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a red channel having the color point and characteristics of Red Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5 and 7-9.
  • a fifth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 400 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a yellow color channel having the color point and characteristics of Yellow Channel 2 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 13-15.
  • a sixth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 400 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a violet channel having the color point and characteristics of Violet Channel 2 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 10-12.
  • Tables 25-26 shows light-rendering characteristics of the device for a representative selection of white light color points near the Planckian locus.
  • Table 25 shows data for white light color points generated using the first, second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the blue, red, yellow, and violet channels, in low-EML mode.
  • Table 26 shows data for white light color points generated using the second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the red, yellow, and violet channels, in very -low-EML mode.
  • a panel system was simulated having four LED strings.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a blue channel having the color point and characteristics of Blue Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5.
  • a second LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a red channel having the color point and characteristics of Red Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5 and 7-9.
  • a fifth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 410 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a yellow color channel having the color point and characteristics of Yellow Channel 3 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 13-15.
  • a sixth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 410 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a violet channel having the color point and characteristics of Violet Channel 3 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 10-12.
  • Tables 27-28 shows light-rendering characteristics of the device for a representative selection of white light color points near the Planckian locus.
  • Table 27 shows data for white light color points generated using the first, second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the blue, red, yellow, and violet channels, in low-EML mode.
  • Table 28 shows data for white light color points generated using the second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the red, yellow, and violet channels, in very-low-EML mode.
  • a panel system was simulated having four LED strings.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a blue channel having the color point and characteristics of Blue Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5.
  • a second LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a red channel having the color point and characteristics of Red Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5 and 7-9.
  • a fifth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 420 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a yellow color channel having the color point and characteristics of Yellow Channel 4 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 13-15.
  • a sixth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 420 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a violet channel having the color point and characteristics of Violet Channel 4 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 10-12.
  • Table 29 shows light-rendering characteristics of the device for a representative selection of white light color points near the Planckian locus.
  • Table 29 shows data for white light color points generated using the second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the red, yellow, and violet channels, in very-low-EML mode.
  • a panel system was simulated having six lighting channels.
  • the six lighting channels are a combination of the lighting channels of Example 1 and Example 3: Blue Channel 1, Red Channel 1, Short-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Yellow Chanel 1, and Violet Channel 1.
  • the device can be operated in various operating modes with different combinations of lighting channels.
  • Tables 30- 31 show EML and CS values at various nominal CCT values under different operating modes and the % changes that can be achieved by switching between operating modes at the same nominal CCT.
  • a panel system was simulated having six lighting channels.
  • the six lighting channels are a combination of the lighting channels of Example 1 and Example 4: Blue Channel 1, Red Channel 1, Short-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Yellow Chanel 2, and Violet Channel 2.
  • the device can be operated in various operating modes with different combinations of lighting channels.
  • Tables 32- 33 show EML and CS values at various nominal CCT values under different operating modes and the % changes that can be achieved by switching between operating modes at the same nominal CCT.
  • a panel system was simulated having six lighting channels.
  • the six lighting channels are a combination of the lighting channels of Example 1 and Example 5: Blue Channel 1, Red Channel 1, Short-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Yellow Chanel 3, and Violet Channel 3.
  • the device can be operated in various operating modes with different combinations of lighting channels.
  • Tables 34- 35 show EML and CS values at various nominal CCT values under different operating modes and the % changes that can be achieved by switching between operating modes at the same nominal CCT.
  • a panel system was simulated having six lighting channels.
  • the six lighting channels are a combination of the lighting channels of Example 1 and Example 6: Blue Channel 1, Red Channel 1, Short-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Yellow Chanel 4, and Violet Channel 4.
  • the device can be operated in various operating modes with different combinations of lighting channels.
  • Tables 36- 37 show EML and CS values at various nominal CCT values under different operating modes and the % changes that can be achieved by switching between operating modes at the same nominal CCT.
  • the panel systems of the present disclosure can comprise three lighting channels as described elsewhere herein.
  • the three lighting channels comprise a red lighting channel, a yellow lighting channel, and a violet lighting channel.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a very-low-EML operational mode in which the red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can further comprise a control system configured to control the relative intensities of light generated in the red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel in order to generate white light at a plurality of points near the Planckian locus between about 4000K and about 1400K CCT.
  • the panel systems of the present disclosure can comprise four lighting channels as described elsewhere herein.
  • the four lighting channels comprise a red lighting channel, a yellow lighting channel, a violet lighting channel, and a blue lighting channel.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a very-low-EML operating mode in which the red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a low-EML operational mode in which the blue lighting channel, the red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can transition between the low-EML and the very-low-EML operating modes in one or both directions while the panel systems are providing white light along a path of color points near the Planckian locus.
  • the panel systems can transition between the low- EML and very-low-EML operational modes in one or both directions while the panel systems are changing the CCT of the white light along the path of color points near the Planckian locus.
  • the low-EML operating mode can be used in generating white light near the Planckian locus with CCT values between about 10000K and about 1800K.
  • the very-low-EML operatational mode can be used in generating white light near the Planckian locus with CCT values between about 4000K and about 1400K.
  • the panel systems of the present disclosure can comprise five lighting channels as described elsewhere herein.
  • the five lighting channels comprise a red lighting channel, a yellow lighting channel, a violet lighting channel, a blue lighting channel, and a long- blue-pumped cyan lighting channel.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a very-low-EML operating mode in which the red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a low-EML operating mode in which the blue lighting channel, the red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a high-EML operating mode in which the blue lighting channel, the red lighting channel, and the long-blue-pumped cyan lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can transition among two or more of the low-EML, the very-low-EML, and high-EML operating modes while the panel systems are providing white light along a path of color points near the Planckian locus.
  • the panel systems can transition among two or more of the low-EML, the very-low-EML, and high-EML operating modes while the panel systems are changing the CCT of the white light along the path of color points near the Planckian locus.
  • the low-EML operational mode can be used in generating white light near the Planckian locus with CCT values between about 10000K and about 1800K.
  • the very-low- EML operating mode can be used in generating white light near the Planckian locus with CCT values between about 4000K and about 1400K.
  • the high-EML operating mode can be used in generating white light near the Planckian locus with CCT values between about 10000K and about 1800K.
  • a panel system was simulated having three LED strings.
  • a first LED string is a commercially available 6500K white LED having a spectral power distribution as shown in FIG. 32.
  • a second LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a LRNE red channel having the characteristics of Long-Red Channel A as shown in Tables 7-9.
  • the spectral power distribution for Long-Red Channel A is shown in FIG. 34.
  • the phosphor materials can include a YAG phosphor, a red phosphor with emission peak at about 630 nm, and a red phosphor with an emission peak at about 700 nm.
  • a third LED string is a
  • Table 64 shows light-rendering characteristics of the panel system for a representative selection of white light color points near the Planckian locus.
  • a panel system was simulated having three LED strings.
  • a first LED string is a commercially available 6500K white LED having a spectral power distribution as shown in FIG. 32.
  • a second LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a LRNE red channel having the characteristics of Long-Red Channel B as shown in Tables 7-9.
  • the spectral power distribution for Long-Red Channel B is shown in FIG. 35.
  • the phosphor materials can include a YAG phosphor, a red phosphor with emission peak at about 630 nm, and a red phosphor with an emission peak at about 750 nm.
  • a third LED string is a
  • Table 65 shows light-rendering characteristics of the panel system for a representative selection of white light color points near the Planckian locus
  • a panel system was simulated having four LED strings.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a blue channel having the color point and characteristics of Blue Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5.
  • a second LED string generates a combined emission of a LRNE red channel having the color point and characteristics of Long-Red Channel A, Red Channel B, or Exemplary Long-Red Channel Average as described above and shown in Tables 7-9.
  • a third LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of
  • a fourth LED string is driven by a cyan LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 505 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a long-blue- pumped cyan channel having the color point and characteristics of Long-Blue- Pumped Cyan Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5.
  • White light color points can generated using only the first, second, and third LED strings in a high-CRI mode.
  • White light color points can be generated using all four LED strings in a highest-CRI mode.
  • White light color points can be generated using only the first, second, and fourth LED strings in a high-EML mode.
  • a panel system was simulated having four LED strings.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a blue channel having the color point and characteristics of Blue Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5.
  • a second LED string generates a combined emission of a LRNE red channel having the color point and characteristics of Long-Red Channel A, Red Channel B, or Exemplary Long-Red Channel Average as described above and shown in Tables 7-9.
  • a fifth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 380 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a yellow color channel having the color point and characteristics of Yellow Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 13-15.
  • a sixth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 380 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a violet channel having the color point and characteristics of Violet Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 10-12.
  • White light color points can be generated using the first, second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the blue, long-red, yellow, and violet channels, in low-EML mode.
  • White light color points can be generated using the second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the long-red, yellow, and violet channels, in very-low-EML mode.
  • a panel system was simulated having four LED strings.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a blue channel having the color point and characteristics of Blue Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5.
  • a second LED string generates a combined emission of a LRNE red channel having the color point and characteristics of Long-Red Channel A, Red Channel B, or Exemplary Long-Red Channel Average as described above and shown in Tables 7-9.
  • a fifth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 400 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a yellow color channel having the color point and characteristics of Yellow Channel 2 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 13 15
  • a sixth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 400 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a violet channel having the color point and characteristics of Violet Channel 2 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 10 12
  • White light color points can be generated using the first, second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the blue, long-red, yellow, and violet channels, in low-EML mode.
  • White light color points can be generated using the second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the long-red, yellow, and violet channels, in very-low-EML mode.
  • a panel system was simulated having four LED strings.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a blue channel having the color point and characteristics of Blue Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3 5
  • a second LED string generates a combined emission of a LRNE red channel having the color point and characteristics of Long-Red Channel A, Red Channel B, or Exemplary Long-Red Channel Average as described above and shown in Tables 7-9.
  • a fifth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 410 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a yellow color channel having the color point and characteristics of Yellow Channel 3 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 13 15
  • a sixth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 410 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a violet channel having the color point and characteristics of Violet Channel 3 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 10 12 [00275]
  • White light color points can be generated using the first, second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the blue, long-red, yellow, and violet channels, in low-EML mode.
  • White light color points can be generated using the second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the long-red, yellow, and violet channels, in very-low-EML mode.
  • a panel system was simulated having four LED strings.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a blue channel having the color point and characteristics of Blue Channel 1 as described above and shown in Tables 3-5.
  • a second LED string generates a combined emission of a LRNE red channel having the color point and characteristics of Long-Red Channel A, Red Channel B, or Exemplary Long-Red Channel Average as described above and shown in Tables 7-9.
  • a fifth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 420 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a yellow color channel having the color point and characteristics of Yellow Channel 4 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 13-15.
  • a sixth LED string is driven by a violet LED having peak emission wavelength of about 420 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a violet channel having the color point and characteristics of Violet Channel 4 as described above and shown in Tables 5 and 10-12.
  • White light color points can be generated using the second, fifth, and sixth LED strings, i.e. the long-red, yellow, and violet channels, in very-low-EML mode.
  • a panel system was simulated having six lighting channels.
  • the six lighting channels are a combination of the lighting channels of Example 13C and Example 13E: Blue Channel 1, a LRNE long-red channel, Short-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Yellow Chanel 1, and Violet Channel 1.
  • Blue Channel 1 a LRNE long-red channel
  • Short-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1 Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1
  • Yellow Chanel 1 Yellow Chanel 1, and Violet Channel 1.
  • the device can be operated in various operating modes with different combinations of lighting channels.
  • EXAMPLE 131 [00282] A panel system was simulated having six lighting channels.
  • the six lighting channels are a combination of the lighting channels of Example 13C and Example 13F: Blue Channel 1, a LRNE long-red channel, Short-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Yellow Chanel 2, and Violet Channel 2.
  • the device can be operated in various operating modes with different combinations of lighting channels.
  • a panel system was simulated having six lighting channels.
  • the six lighting channels are a combination of the lighting channels of Example 13C and Example 13G: Blue Channel 1, a LRNE long-red channel, Short-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Yellow Chanel 3, and Violet Channel 3.
  • the device can be operated in various operating modes with different combinations of lighting channels.
  • a panel system was simulated having six lighting channels.
  • the six lighting channels are a combination of the lighting channels of Example 13C and Example 13H: Blue Channel 1, a LRNE long-red channel, Short-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Long-Blue-Pumped Cyan Channel 1, Yellow Chanel 4, and Violet Channel 4.
  • the device can be operated in various operating modes with different combinations of lighting channels.
  • the panel systems of the present disclosure can comprise three lighting channels as described elsewhere herein.
  • the three lighting channels comprise a LRNE long-red lighting channel, a yellow lighting channel, and a violet lighting channel.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a very-low-EML operating mode in which the long-red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can further comprise a control system configured to control the relative intensities of light generated in the long-red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel in order to generate white light at a plurality of points near the Planckian locus between about 4000K and about 1400K CCT.
  • the panel systems of the present disclosure can comprise four lighting channels as described elsewhere herein.
  • the four lighting channels comprise a LRNE long-red lighting channel, a yellow lighting channel, a violet lighting channel, and a blue lighting channel.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a very-low-EML operating mode in which the long-red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a low-EML operating mode in which the blue lighting channel, the long-red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can transition between the low-EML and the very-low-EML operating modes in one or both directions while the panel systems are providing white light along a path of color points near the Planckian locus. In further implementations, the panel systems can transition between the low-EML and very-low-EML operating modes in one or both directions while the panel systems are changing the CCT of the white light along the path of color points near the Planckian locus.
  • the low-EML operating mode can be used in generating white light near the Planckian locus with CCT values between about 10000K and about 1800K.
  • the very-low-EML operating mode can be used in generating white light near the Planckian locus with CCT values between about 4000K and about 1400K.
  • the panel systems of the present disclosure can comprise five lighting channels as described elsewhere herein.
  • the five lighting channels comprise a LRNE long-red lighting channel, a yellow lighting channel, a violet lighting channel, a blue lighting channel, and a long-blue-pumped cyan lighting channel.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a very-low-EML operating mode in which the long- red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a low-EML operating mode in which the blue lighting channel, the long-red lighting channel, the yellow lighting channel, and the violet lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can be operated in a high-EML operating mode in which the blue lighting channel, the long-red lighting channel, and the long-blue- pumped cyan lighting channel are used.
  • the panel systems can transition among two or more of the low-EML, the very-low-EML, and high- EML operating modes while the panel systems are providing white light along a path of color points near the Planckian locus.
  • the panel systems can transition among two or more of the low-EML, the very-low-EML, and high- EML operating modes while the panel systems are changing the CCT of the white light along the path of color points near the Planckian locus.
  • the low-EML operating mode can be used in generating white light near the Planckian locus with CCT values between about 10000K and about 1800K.
  • the very-low-EML operating mode can be used in generating white light near the Planckian locus with CCT values between about 4000K and about 1400K.
  • the high-EML operating mode can be used in generating white light near the Planckian locus with CCT values between about 10000K and about 1800K
  • the simulated lighting systems can be used to provide one or more white light sources for a backlighting system in the panel systems of the present disclosure.
  • LED strings and recipient luminophoric mediums with particular emissions were selected, and then spectral power distributions and various light rendering characteristics and circadian-stimulating energy characteristics were calculated.
  • Ra, R9, R13, R15, LER, Rf, Rg, CLA, CS, EML, BLH factor, CAF, CER, COI, GAI, GAI15, GAIBB, and circadian-stimulating energy characteristics were calculated at each representative point. Characteristics and aspects of the spectral power distributions are shown in Tables 3-12 and FIGs 9-16.
  • Each lighting channel was simulated with an LED emission spectrum and excitation and emission spectra of luminophoric medium(s).
  • the luminophoric mediums can comprise luminescent compositions of phosphors, quantum dots, or combinations thereof, with simulations performed based on absorption/emission spectrums and particle sizes.
  • the exemplary first lighting channels were simulated using spectra of LEDs having peak wavelengths of between about 440 nm and about 510 nm, such as a 450 nm peak wavelength blue LED, one or more LUXEON Z Color Line royal blue LEDs (product code LXZ1-PR01) of color bin codes 3, 4, 5, or 6 (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands), one or more LUXEON Z Color Line blue LEDs (LXZ1-PB01) of color bin code 1 or 2 (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands), one or more LUXEON royal blue LEDs (product code LXML-PR01 and LXML-PR02) of color bins 3, 4, 5, or 6 (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands), one or more LUXEON Rebel Blue LEDs (LXML-PB01, LXML-PB02) of color bins 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 (Lumileds Holding B.V.,
  • the exemplary second lighting channels were simulated using spectra of LEDs having peak wavelengths of between about 380 nm and about 420 nm, such as one or more 410 nm peak wavelength violet LEDs, one or more LUXEON Z UV LEDs (product codes LHUV-0380-, LHUV-0385-, LHUV-0390-, LHUV-0395-, LHUV-0400-, LHUV- 0405-, LHUV-0410-, LHUV-0415-, LHUV-0420-,) (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands), one or more LUXEON UV FC LEDs (product codes LxF3-U4lO) (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands), one or more LUXEON UV U LEDs (product code LHUV-0415-) (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands), for example. Similar LEDs from other manufacturers such as OSRAM GmbH and Cree, Inc.
  • the emission, excitation and absorption curves for phosphors and quantum dots are available from commercial manufacturers such as Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), Intematix Corporation (Fremont, CA), EMD Performance Materials of Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), and PhosphorTech Corporation (Kennesaw, GA).
  • the luminophoric mediums used in the first and second lighting channels were simulated as combinations of one or more of luminescent compositions as described more fully elsewhere herein.
  • Those of skill in the art appreciate that various combinations of LEDs and luminescent blends can be combined to generate combined emissions with desired color points on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram and the desired spectral power distributions.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Chl” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“2400K Chl” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 8.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch2” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 9, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Chl” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 8.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch3” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 10, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Chl” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 8.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch4” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 5, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Chl” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 8.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“5000K Chl” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 12, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Chl” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 8.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Chl” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“2400K Ch2” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 7.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch2” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 9, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Ch2” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 7.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch3” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 10, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Ch2” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 7.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch4” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 5, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Ch2” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 7.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“5000K Chl” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 12, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Ch2” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 7.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Chl” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“2400K Ch3” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 6.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch2” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 9, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Ch3” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 6.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch3” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 10, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Ch3” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 6.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch4” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 5, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Ch3” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 6.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“5000K Chl” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 12, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “2400K Ch3” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 6.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Chl” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“1800K Chl” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 11.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch2” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 9, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “1800K Chl” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 11.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch3” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 10, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “1800K Chl” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 11.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“4000K Ch4” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 5, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “1800K Chl” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 11.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“5000K Chl” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 12, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as “1800K Chl” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56 and in FIG. 11.
  • the values for EML slope and EML ratio for this pair of first and second lighting channels are shown in Tables 54 and 55.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • a lighting system was simulated having a first lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“Exemplary lst channels avg” in Tables 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, and 56, and a second lighting channel having the characteristics shown as“Exemplary 2nd channels avg” in Tables 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 56.
  • the first lighting channel has a first color point at (0.3735, 0.3719) ccx, ccy coordinates.
  • the second lighting channel has a second color point at (0.5021, 0.4137) ccx, ccy coordinates.
  • the first lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 450 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second lighting channel can comprise an LED having a 410 nm peak wavelength and an associated luminophoric medium having one or more phosphors, quantum dots, or a mixture thereof
  • a panel system was simulated having three LED strings for use in a warm-dim operation mode.
  • a first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a white color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram (ccx, ccy) coordinates of (0.3818, 0.3797).
  • a second LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a red color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram color point of (0.5932, 0.3903).
  • a third LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of a cyan color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram color point of (0.373, 0.4978).
  • Tables 58 and 59 below shows the spectral power distributions for the red and cyan color points generated by the panel system of this Example, with spectral power shown within wavelength ranges in nanometers from 380 nm to 780 nm, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected for each color range and normalized to a value of 100.0.
  • Table 60 shows color-rendering and bioactive performance characteristics of the device for a representative selection of white light color points near the Planckian locus.
  • any of the systems of Examples 1-13 and 14-35 can be modified to further include an additional lighting channel, a LRNE channel, that can be controlled to selectively provide LRNE spectral energy in the visible long-red or non-visible near infrared wavelengths ranges described herein.
  • a LRNE channel that can be controlled to selectively provide LRNE spectral energy in the visible long-red or non-visible near infrared wavelengths ranges described herein.
  • the spectral power distribution of the LRNE channel can be substantially equal to the spectral power of Long-Red Phosphor 675nm or Long-Red Phosphor 700nm shown in Tables 61-63.
  • the LRNE channel can have a spectral power distribution substantially equal to that of Long-Red Channel A, Long-Red Channel B, or Exemplary Long-Red Channel Average shown in Tables 7-9.
  • One or more of the other channels in the lighting systems can have intensity reduced or turned off entirely when the LRNE channel is activated. Control methods and hardware as described elsewhere herein can be used to control the timing and amount of LRNE spectral energy provided by the systems.
  • FIGs. 36-40 show aspects of some suitable commercially available LED systems that can be used in the LRNE channels of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 36-40 show aspects of some suitable commercially available LED systems that can be used in the LRNE channels of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 36 shows the emission spectra of some the LUXEON IR 2720 Line of products from Lumileds (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands).
  • the peak wavelength of the LUXEON® IR 2720 LED series can be selected from between about 840 nm and about 965 nm as desired for bioactive effects.
  • FIG. 37 shows the emission spectra of some of the SST-10-IR product line from Luminus (Luminus, Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA). Peak wavelengths of 850 nm or 940 nm can be selected.
  • Luminus Luminus, Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA
  • FIG. 38 shows the emission spectra of some 850 nm and 940 nm type LEDs available from Vision Light Tech (Vision Light Tech, Protonenlaan 22, 5405 NE UDEN, The Netherlands).
  • FIG. 39 shows the spectral power characteristics of LUXEON IR ONYX product from Lumileds (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands).
  • FIG. 40 shows the emission spectra that can be isolated via a Long Pass (LP) filter (such as MidOpt LP920 (Midwest Optical Systems, Inc., 322 Woodwork Lane, Palatine, IL 60067 USA)). Between the spectra shown in FIGs. 39 and 40, the LP filter cuts the short wavelength part of the spectrum susceptible to being seen by the human eye. In other implementations, LP filters with higher or lower wavelength thresholds for cut-off can be selected to isolate the spectral power in wavelength ranges as desired for LRNE bioactive effects.
  • LP Long Pass

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes de panneau pour afficher un contenu numérique. Des émissions bioactives de LRNE et de CSE se produisent dans plusieurs modes de fonctionnement. Le système de panneaux peut avoir plusieurs modes associés à chaque panneau. L'invention concerne également un procédé d'émission d'une aliquote spécifique de lumière bioactive par l'intermédiaire d'un système de panneau. Le système de commande peut utiliser des données d'entrées de capteur pour ajuster le type et la quantité de lumière bioactive produite.
PCT/US2019/060642 2018-11-08 2019-11-08 Systèmes de panneau d'éclairage bioactif WO2020097580A1 (fr)

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US201862758447P 2018-11-09 2018-11-09
US201862758411P 2018-11-09 2018-11-09
US62/758,447 2018-11-09
US62/758,411 2018-11-09
PCT/US2019/013356 WO2019140306A1 (fr) 2018-01-11 2019-01-11 Systèmes d'éclairage accordable à deux canaux avec des sorties à lux mélanopique équivalent et température de couleur corrélée contrôlables
PCT/US2019/013359 WO2019140309A1 (fr) 2018-01-11 2019-01-11 Systèmes commutables pour lumière blanche à haut rendu de couleurs et à effets biologiques
PCT/US2019/013379 WO2019140326A1 (fr) 2018-01-11 2019-01-11 Systèmes de panneau à éclairage circadien
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USPCT/US2019/013379 2019-01-11
USPCT/US2019/013356 2019-01-11
PCT/US2019/013380 WO2019140327A2 (fr) 2018-01-11 2019-01-11 Systèmes d'éclairage d'affichage à effets circadiens
US16/393,660 US10805998B2 (en) 2018-01-11 2019-04-24 Display lighting systems with circadian effects
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