WO2020093939A1 - 定位方法、装置以及电子设备 - Google Patents

定位方法、装置以及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020093939A1
WO2020093939A1 PCT/CN2019/114961 CN2019114961W WO2020093939A1 WO 2020093939 A1 WO2020093939 A1 WO 2020093939A1 CN 2019114961 W CN2019114961 W CN 2019114961W WO 2020093939 A1 WO2020093939 A1 WO 2020093939A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
road
data
laser point
vehicle
laser
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/114961
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈成
周帅
徐强
Original Assignee
阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司
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Publication of WO2020093939A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020093939A1/zh
Priority to US17/314,675 priority Critical patent/US20210263167A1/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0276Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle
    • G05D1/0278Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle using satellite positioning signals, e.g. GPS
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/10Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
    • G01C21/12Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
    • G01C21/16Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
    • G01C21/165Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation combined with non-inertial navigation instruments
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42Determining position
    • G01S19/48Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system
    • G01S19/49Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system whereby the further system is an inertial position system, e.g. loosely-coupled
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/10Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
    • G01C21/12Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
    • G01C21/16Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/10Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
    • G01C21/12Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
    • G01C21/16Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
    • G01C21/165Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation combined with non-inertial navigation instruments
    • G01C21/1652Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation combined with non-inertial navigation instruments with ranging devices, e.g. LIDAR or RADAR
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/26Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
    • G01C21/28Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network with correlation of data from several navigational instruments
    • G01C21/30Map- or contour-matching
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42Determining position
    • G01S19/48Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42Determining position
    • G01S19/48Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system
    • G01S19/485Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system whereby the further system is an optical system or imaging system
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • G05D1/0238Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using obstacle or wall sensors
    • G05D1/024Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using obstacle or wall sensors in combination with a laser

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of positioning technology, in particular to a positioning method, device and electronic equipment.
  • the traditional vehicle positioning method is generally based on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver mounted on the vehicle to obtain the real-time position of the vehicle, and the position accuracy is generally at the meter level.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • a positioning method based on high-precision maps emerged, that is, real-time acquisition of environmental information around the vehicle during the driving process of the vehicle, and by matching this environmental information with pre-made high-precision positioning data, the High-precision positioning results, the positioning accuracy of high-precision positioning results is generally in the centimeter level, which can meet the needs of autonomous driving.
  • the inventor found that how to quickly and accurately determine the high-precision positioning location of the vehicle is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the invention provides a positioning method, device and electronic equipment, which can quickly and accurately determine the high-precision positioning position of a vehicle.
  • a positioning method including:
  • standard positioning data around the road where the vehicle is located is obtained from preset standard positioning data, and the standard positioning data includes keys of road objects on the road and / or both sides of the road that are easy to identify and have stable attributes Point laser point data;
  • the to-be-matched positioning data includes lasers of key points of road objects on the road where the vehicle is located and / or on both sides of the road that are easy to identify and have stable attributes
  • Point data includes lasers of key points of road objects on the road where the vehicle is located and / or on both sides of the road that are easy to identify and have stable attributes
  • a positioning device including:
  • GNSS positioning position acquisition module used to obtain the GNSS positioning position of the vehicle
  • the standard positioning data acquisition module is used to obtain standard positioning data around the road on which the vehicle is located based on the GNSS positioning position of the vehicle, the standard positioning data including the road and / or both sides of the road is easy to identify And the laser point data of key points of road objects with stable attributes;
  • the laser point cloud data acquisition module is used to obtain laser point cloud data around the road where the vehicle is output by the laser sensor of the vehicle;
  • a positioning data extraction module to be matched is used to extract positioning data to be matched around the road where the vehicle is located from the laser point cloud data, the positioning data to be matched includes the road on which the vehicle is located and / or both sides of the road are easy to identify and have attributes Laser point data of key points of stable road objects;
  • the sampling position acquisition module is used to forward simulate the movement state of the vehicle based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the previous moment, and acquire more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the moment;
  • the positioning data conversion module is used to convert the positioning data to be matched into the coordinate system corresponding to the standard positioning data based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment;
  • the positioning data matching module is used to match the positioning data to be matched with the standard positioning data in the converted coordinate system, and based on the matching result, obtain the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position;
  • the high-precision positioning module is used to obtain the high-precision positioning position of the vehicle based on the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position.
  • an electronic device including:
  • a processor coupled to the memory, is configured to execute the program, and when the program is running, execute the positioning method provided by the present invention.
  • the invention provides a positioning method, device and electronic equipment. Based on the acquired GNSS positioning position of the vehicle, the standard positioning data around the road where the vehicle is located is obtained from the preset standard positioning data; the vehicle output from the laser sensor of the vehicle is obtained Laser point cloud data around the road, and from the laser point cloud data, extract the positioning data to be matched around the road where the vehicle is located; the above standard positioning data and the positioning data to be matched both include the road where the vehicle is located and / or both sides Laser point data of key points of road objects that are identified and stable in attributes; based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the previous time, forwardly simulating the movement state of the vehicle to obtain more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this time, Based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment, the positioning data to be matched is converted into the coordinate system corresponding to the standard positioning data; the positioning data to be matched in the converted coordinate system is matched with the standard positioning data, based on the matching result, Get the probability that the vehicle
  • the road object of the present invention is a road object that is easy to recognize and has stable attributes on the road and / or on both sides of the road, these road objects generally do not change due to changes in the environment or over time. Therefore, the road objects and / or Or the laser point data of the key points of the road objects that are easy to identify on both sides of the road and have stable attributes can be used as high-precision positioning matching objects to ensure the positioning success rate and accuracy. At the same time, the invention only extracts laser point data of key points of road objects for matching, so the amount of data is less, the calculation amount is greatly reduced, and the positioning efficiency is improved.
  • 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a laser point cloud data collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of a technical solution for generating positioning data according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a positioning system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • 3a is a flowchart 1 of a positioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3b is a schematic diagram of a laser point cloud according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • 4a is a flowchart 1 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 4b is a scanning line diagram of an original laser point cloud according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart 2 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart 3 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7a is a flowchart 4 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 7b is an original laser point cloud image of the area on both sides of the road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8a is a flowchart 5 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 8b is a laser point cloud diagram of points of upright objects on both sides of a road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9a is a flowchart 6 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9b is a laser point cloud diagram of ground marking points, edge points on both sides of the road, and points of upright objects on both sides of the road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart 1 of a method for acquiring a sampling position of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart 2 of a positioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a structural diagram 1 of a positioning device according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a structural diagram 1 of an extraction module of positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is an expanded structural diagram of a positioning data extraction module to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 16 is a second structural diagram of a location data extraction module to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 17 is a structural diagram 3 of a positioning data extraction module to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a structural diagram 4 of a positioning data extraction module to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a structural diagram 5 of a positioning data extraction module to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a structural diagram of a sampling position acquisition module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 21 is a structural diagram of a positioning data matching module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 22 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the positioning data needs to meet the following requirements:
  • the information volume of the positioning data should be rich enough to represent the road and surrounding environment of the car as realistic as possible;
  • the data volume of positioning data should be as small as possible to facilitate storage and transmission;
  • the positioning data is sufficiently robust to the external environment such as light, time, season, climate, road conditions, etc., and is not easily affected by changes in the external environment;
  • the present invention proposes a method for generating positioning data.
  • the method includes:
  • the road objects are road objects on the road and / or both sides of the road that are easy to identify and have stable attributes;
  • the extracted laser point data of key points is stored as road positioning data.
  • the road objects that are easy to recognize on the road or on both sides of the road and have stable attributes may be ground markings, road edges, and upright objects on the road side.
  • the ground markings can be any markings painted on the road surface, such as lane lines, driving direction arrows, crosswalks, etc .; the road edges can be composed of curbstones, guardrails, green belts, etc .; the upright objects on the road side refer to the road Upright objects on both sides, for example, poles on both sides of the road (support poles for street signs, lights, traffic lights, etc.), tree trunks, walls, etc.
  • Positioning is to match the environmental information obtained in real time during the driving process of the vehicle with positioning data Therefore, the position of the vehicle is determined. Therefore, extracting laser point data of key points of road objects that are easy to recognize and stable on the road and / or both sides of the road as positioning data can ensure the positioning success rate.
  • the invention only extracts laser point data of key points, so the amount of data is small, which is convenient for storage and transmission.
  • FIG. 1a it is a schematic structural diagram of a laser point cloud data collection device in an embodiment of the present invention, including: a collection vehicle body 11, a wheel 12 with a wheel counter installed, and an integrated inertial measurement unit (IMU) A combined positioning system 13 with a global navigation satellite system and a lidar 14 for collecting laser point clouds.
  • the structure of the device shown in FIG. 1a can collect laser point cloud data of all objects on the road that the vehicle travels and on both sides of the road.
  • FIG. 1b By processing the collected laser point cloud data through the technical solution for generating positioning data shown in FIG. 1b, positioning data with a small data amount and a high positioning success rate can be obtained.
  • the above technical solution for generating positioning data includes the following technical features:
  • the laser point cloud data includes the laser point data of the road and / or both sides of the road within a preset area.
  • S120 Divide the laser point cloud data into road surface laser point cloud data and road side laser point cloud data.
  • the laser point cloud data is divided into the laser point cloud data located on the road surface, the left side of the road, and the right side of the road.
  • the specific division process can be based on the sudden ground points corresponding to the scanning lines of the laser points obtained by the lidar scan. Mutation points to distinguish the boundary position of the road surface and the laser point cloud on both sides of the road.
  • step S110 if the laser point cloud data acquired in step S110 includes both the road and the laser point data on both sides of the road within the preset area, then in step S120, the road surface laser point cloud data and the road side laser point cloud can be obtained Data, if the laser point cloud data acquired in step S110 includes only one of the road and the laser point data on both sides of the road within the preset area, then step S120 can obtain road surface laser point cloud data or road side laser points Cloud data.
  • RANSAC Random SAmple Consensus
  • the height value of the road surface laser point cloud data and / or the road side laser point cloud data is corrected to a height value relative to the road surface.
  • steps 130-140 may be omitted. Then, from the road surface laser point cloud data and / or road side laser point cloud data, correspondingly extract the laser point data of the key points of the road and / or road objects on both sides of the road.
  • the laser point data for extracting key points of roads and / or road objects on both sides of the road include:
  • S150 Extract laser point data of key points marked on the ground. Extract the laser point data of the key points of the ground mark from the road point laser point cloud data.
  • S160 Extract laser point data of key points on the road edge. Extract the laser point data of key points on the road edge from the road side laser point cloud data.
  • S170 Extract laser point data of key points of upright objects on the road side. From the laser point cloud data on the road side, the laser point data of the key points of the upright objects on the road side are extracted.
  • the laser point cloud data of the ground mark key points extracted from the laser point cloud data, the road edge key points, and the key points of upright objects on the side of the road are stored as positioning data.
  • the positioning data stored in the present invention may include any one, any two, or three types of laser point cloud data of ground marking key points, road edge key points, and key points of upright objects located on the side of the road.
  • the present invention provides a positioning method, which includes:
  • the standard positioning data around the road where the vehicle is located is obtained from the preset standard positioning data.
  • the standard positioning data includes key points of road objects on the road and / or both sides of the road that are easy to identify and have stable attributes Laser point data;
  • the positioning data to be matched includes the laser point data of the key points of the road object on the road where the vehicle is located and / or both sides of the road are easy to identify and stable;
  • the positioning data obtained by processing the technical data generated by the positioning data shown in FIG. 1b can be used as the standard for the positioning data obtained by the laser point cloud data collected by the professional laser point cloud data collection device shown in FIG. 1a.
  • Positioning data The positioning data to be matched is extracted from the laser point cloud data around the road where the vehicle is located, which is output by the excitation sensor of the vehicle to be located.
  • Both types of positioning data include laser point data of key points of road objects that are easy to identify and have stable attributes on the road and / or on both sides of the road. The difference is that standard positioning data has been clearly positioned in a GNSS coordinate system, for example.
  • the positioning data to be matched is only the accurate positioning data output by the laser sensor of the vehicle to be positioned relative to the laser sensor coordinate system.
  • standard positioning data around the road where the vehicle is located can be obtained from the preset standard positioning data; based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the previous moment, the vehicle is simulated forward To obtain more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment, and then based on these sampling positions, convert the positioning data to be matched into the coordinate system corresponding to the standard positioning data; convert the positioning data to be matched with the converted coordinate system to The standard positioning data is matched, and based on the matching result, the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position is obtained. Finally, based on the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position, the high-precision positioning position of the vehicle is obtained.
  • FIG. 2 it is a structural diagram of a positioning system provided by the present invention, including: a laser point cloud data collection device 210, a standard positioning database 220 and a positioning device 230; wherein:
  • the laser point cloud data collection device 210 may be, but not limited to, a device structure as shown in FIG. 1a (the corresponding collection vehicle body 11 may refer to a vehicle to be positioned) for collecting laser point cloud data on roads and both sides of the road, and Locate the GNSS location of the vehicle.
  • the standard positioning database 220 stores standard positioning data for road positioning.
  • the positioning device 230 is used to extract the positioning data to be matched around the road where the vehicle is located from the laser point cloud data collected by the laser point cloud data collection device 210, and at the same time obtain the GNSS positioning position of the vehicle; Obtain standard positioning data around the road where the vehicle is located in the standard positioning data of the vehicle; based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the previous time, forward simulate the movement state of the vehicle to obtain more than one sampling corresponding to the vehicle at this time Position, and based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment, convert the positioning data to be matched into the coordinate system corresponding to the standard positioning data; match the positioning data to be matched with the standard positioning data in the converted coordinate system, based on the matching As a result, the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position is obtained, and based on the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position, the high-precision positioning position of the vehicle is obtained.
  • the standard positioning data and the positioning data to be matched include laser point data of key points of road objects that are easy to identify and have stable attributes on the road and / or on both sides of the road.
  • the road object may be at least one road object among ground markings on the road, road edges, and upright objects located on the side of the road. These road objects generally do not change due to changes in the environment or over time.
  • the laser point data of the key points of the object is used as the positioning data of the road, which can ensure the positioning success rate.
  • the present invention only extracts the laser point data of the key points of the road object to match, so the data amount is less, and the calculation amount is greatly reduced To improve positioning efficiency.
  • the technical solutions of the present application are further described below through multiple embodiments.
  • FIG. 3a it is a flowchart 1 of a positioning method shown in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method may be executed by the positioning device 230 shown in FIG.
  • the positioning method includes the following steps:
  • the vehicle By setting the GNSS system on the vehicle that needs to be located, the vehicle can be located in real time and the GNSS positioning position of the vehicle can be obtained.
  • S320 based on the GNSS positioning position of the vehicle, obtain standard positioning data around the road where the vehicle is located from the preset standard positioning data, and the standard positioning data includes the key of the road object on the road and / or both sides of the road that are easy to identify and have stable attributes Point laser point data.
  • These road objects may include ground markings, road edges, and upright objects on the side of the road.
  • S330 Acquire laser point cloud data around the road where the vehicle is located and output by the laser sensor of the vehicle.
  • the laser point cloud at a far position can usually be scanned by lidar scanning.
  • the laser point cloud farther away from the collection point has lower accuracy, and is usually not The laser spot at the road location. Therefore, when collecting laser point cloud data, the vehicle body can be the center, and the laser point cloud that is far away from the collected vehicle body can be directly filtered out.
  • the filtering is only limited in scope to reduce the amount of redundant laser point cloud data.
  • the laser point cloud data at this time does not distinguish between ground and non-ground.
  • the laser point cloud around the road where the vehicle is currently at the current moment can be periodically obtained from the laser point cloud data output by the vehicle's laser sensor in accordance with the processing cycle for generating high-precision positioning positions data.
  • Figure 3b it is a laser point cloud map corresponding to a certain point in the laser point cloud data located in the preset area around the road where the vehicle is located.
  • Each laser point data in the figure includes x, y, z three-dimensional coordinates (located in the laser Sensor coordinate system), the lightness and darkness of each laser spot characterize the reflectivity of the laser spot, where the reflectivity of the laser spot on the road surface in the middle area is higher than the reflectivity of the laser spot on both sides of the road.
  • the positioning data to be matched includes the laser point data of the key points of the road object on the road where the vehicle is located and / or on both sides of the road that are easy to identify and have stable attributes .
  • road objects may include but are not limited to: ground markings, road edges, and upright objects located on the side of the road.
  • the laser point data of the key points of the road objects may be the laser point data extracted from the laser point cloud data of these road objects that can best reflect the key points of the morphological characteristics of the road objects.
  • the reflectivity of the laser point can be used in combination with the three-dimensional coordinate value (especially the height value of the laser point), and the road surface and / or both sides of the road can be extracted from the laser point cloud data within a predetermined area Laser point data of marks, key points of road edges and upright objects located on the side of the road.
  • a method for forming standard positioning data may be used to obtain positioning data to be matched from the laser point cloud data around the road where the vehicle is output from the laser sensor of the vehicle to be located.
  • the positioning data to be matched and the standard positioning data are laser point data for key points of road objects in the same geographic area, the similarity of the distribution of the two positioning data should be high.
  • the standard positioning data is clearly positioned with accurate GNSS positioning coordinates, while the positioning data to be matched is only for the laser sensor coordinate system, and the positioning for the GNSS positioning system is relatively rough (mainly because of the user ’s The accuracy of the GNSS positioning system used is not high), it is necessary to rely on the matching results of the positioning data to be matched and the standard positioning data to finally determine the high-precision positioning position of the vehicle.
  • more than one sampling position may be set for the current vehicle in each period, and these sampling positions represent the positions where the vehicle may appear in the corresponding period.
  • the sampling position of the vehicle at the initial time is more than one position point selected from the positioning area where the GNSS positioning position of the vehicle is located at the initial time.
  • the current possible sampling position of the vehicle is obtained. If the current time is the initial time to obtain the sampling position, sampling can be directly performed in the positioning area where the positioning position output by the GNSS system is located to obtain more than one possible sampling position of the vehicle at the current time.
  • forward simulation of vehicle motion is based on vehicle kinematics equations.
  • vehicle kinematics equations For example, the following gives an example of forward simulation:
  • Equation (1) assumes that the vehicle's turning angular rate and movement speed are constant in a short time, where Respectively represent the x, y coordinates of the vehicle in the plane coordinate system at time k , ⁇ k , Respectively represent the speed, heading angle and heading angle change rate of the vehicle at time k, ⁇ t represents the time difference from time k to time k + 1, and v k represents the model noise at time k
  • the positioning data to be matched corresponding to the same time can be converted into the coordinate system corresponding to the standard positioning data to obtain the corresponding position coordinate values.
  • S370 Match the positioning data to be matched with the standard positioning data in the converted coordinate system, and obtain the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position based on the matching result.
  • the positioning data to be matched in the converted coordinate system For each sampling position, there will be a set of positioning data to be matched in the converted coordinate system. Match these positioning data to the standard positioning data. Based on the matching result, the positioning data to be matched in the converted coordinate system and the standard positioning data The matching degree of the laser spot data can determine the probability of the vehicle appearing at the sampling position.
  • sampling position with the highest probability of the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position may be determined as the high-precision positioning position of the vehicle
  • the corresponding sampling positions are weighted, and the obtained weighted position is determined as the high-precision positioning position of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 4a it is a flowchart 1 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment can be used as a preferred embodiment for extracting positioning data to be matched around the road where the vehicle is located from the laser point cloud data in the method shown in FIG. 3a.
  • the above step S340 may specifically include the following steps:
  • the laser point cloud data around the road where the vehicle is acquired in step S330 is divided into road surface laser point cloud data and / or road side according to the change characteristics of the position and height value of the three-dimensional coordinate value (Z value in three-dimensional coordinates) (Including the left and right side of the road) Laser point cloud data.
  • the abrupt point of the laser point cloud from each lidar scan line. For example, in the laser point cloud data in a grid, when the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point in the laser point cloud on the same scan line is greater than a certain threshold, such as 0.1m, it is considered that there is The point of high abrupt change in the laser point cloud on this scan line. For another example, in the laser point cloud data in two adjacent grids, when the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point in the laser point cloud on the same scan line is greater than a certain threshold, it may also be considered that there are The abrupt point of the laser point cloud on the scan line.
  • a certain threshold such as 0.1m
  • the high point of abrupt change in the laser point cloud on the scan line can be identified, and the laser point cloud data on a scan line can be further It is divided into road surface laser point cloud data and road side laser point cloud data.
  • the scan line is approximately perpendicular to the driving direction of the vehicle, and expands from the center of the scan line to the left and right sides, respectively, to find the height mutation point in the laser point cloud on the left and right scan lines.
  • One scan line is divided into road surface laser point cloud data and road side laser point cloud data.
  • the same operation is performed on multiple scan lines, so that the laser point cloud data around the road where the vehicle is located can be divided into road surface laser point cloud data and road side laser point cloud data.
  • each scan line is approximately a circular arc.
  • the middle point of the scan line is the position of the laser point that the vehicle has / will be passing by.
  • the laser point must be the road surface. On the laser spot. Expand from the middle of the scan line to both sides. If the height change of two adjacent laser points is greater than the specified height threshold, the position of the laser point is considered to reach the edge of the road, stop expansion, and from the position of the road edge to the scan line Laser point cloud for segmentation.
  • S420 Extract laser point data of key points of road and / or road objects on both sides of the road from the road surface laser point cloud data and / or road side laser point cloud data.
  • the laser point data of the key points of the road object can be extracted from the laser point cloud data corresponding to the different areas, such as the laser points of the key points of the ground markings extracted from the road surface laser point cloud data Data, laser point data of key points of road edges and upright objects are extracted from the road side laser point cloud data.
  • step S420 the following steps may also be performed, so as to correct the height of the laser point cloud data relative to the fitted road surface.
  • a random sampling consensus algorithm can be used to perform plane fitting on the road surface laser point cloud data to obtain the road surface of the road.
  • the RANSAC plane fitting algorithm can be used to fit the road surface laser point cloud data to fit the ground plane, and the part of the ground plane located in the road area is the road surface.
  • the specific fitting steps are as follows:
  • the height values of the road surface laser point cloud data and road side laser point cloud data can be corrected to the distance from the corresponding laser point to the road surface.
  • This embodiment is based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 3a. Further, by dividing the laser point cloud data into road surface laser point cloud data and / or road side laser point cloud data; then, from the road surface laser point cloud data and / Or the road side laser point cloud data, extract the laser point data of the key points of the road and / or road objects on both sides of the road, so as to realize the convenient and rapid acquisition of the laser point data of the key points of the road object, that is, to be matched and positioned data.
  • the The height value of the road surface laser point cloud data and the road side laser point cloud data is corrected to the height value relative to the road surface, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the height position of the laser point cloud data.
  • FIG. 6 it is a flowchart 3 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the method shown in FIG. 4a is that, in this embodiment, when the road object is a ground mark on the road, the laser point data of the key points of the road object of the road is extracted from the road surface laser point cloud data A preferred embodiment.
  • the following steps can be performed initially at the method:
  • This step may be a specific way of dividing the laser point cloud data in step S410.
  • the preset grid may be a two-dimensional grid set on a horizontal plane. According to the projection relationship between the road surface laser point cloud data and the grid, all road surface laser point cloud data may be divided into different grids.
  • the difference between the reflectivity of the laser point cloud marked on the ground and the laser point cloud not marked on the ground is obvious.
  • the ground area with ground marks usually corresponds to the lane line, arrow, crosswalk, etc. on the road, so compared with the laser point cloud of other non-ground mark ground areas, the reflectivity of the laser point cloud in this part of the ground area Too large.
  • the laser point data of ground markings can be extracted from the road point laser point cloud data.
  • the preset conditions can be set according to the characteristics of the laser points in the grid containing ground marks according to pre-learning or experience, and the preset conditions can specify the number threshold and reflectivity of the laser points in the grid containing ground marks Indicators such as the mean threshold value and the variance threshold value, when the laser point in the grid to be processed meets the requirements of the preset conditions, it is determined that the corresponding laser point is the laser point of the ground mark. For example, if the number of laser points in the grid, the mean and variance of the reflectance of the laser points all reach the specified preset, and the reflectance of the current laser point is greater than the specified value exceeding the average, it can be determined that the laser point is a laser point marked on the ground.
  • the laser point data of a key point of the ground mark can be obtained based on the laser point data of the ground mark in the grid.
  • the laser point data of a key point of the ground mark can be obtained based on the average value of the multiple laser point data. For example, the average value of the coordinates (xyz) in the laser point data is calculated, and then the obtained coordinate average value is used as the coordinate of the laser point data of the key point of the ground mark.
  • This embodiment is based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 4a, and further, by determining the road object as a ground mark on the road and dividing the road surface laser point cloud data into a grid according to a preset grid size; When it is determined that the road surface laser point cloud data in a grid contains the laser light of the ground mark, then based on the laser light of the ground mark in the grid, the laser point data of a key point of the ground mark is obtained to achieve Obtain the laser point data of the key points of ground marking conveniently and quickly.
  • FIG. 7a it is a flowchart 4 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the method shown in FIG. 4a is that, in this embodiment, when the road object is a road edge, the laser point data of the key points of the road objects on both sides of the road are extracted from the road side laser point cloud data A preferred embodiment.
  • the following steps can be performed initially at the method:
  • S412 Divide the laser point cloud data into road side laser point cloud data.
  • This step may be a specific way of dividing the laser point cloud data in step S410.
  • S710 Divide the laser point cloud data on the road side into a grid according to a preset grid size.
  • the preset grid may be a two-dimensional grid set on a horizontal plane. According to the projection relationship between the road-side laser point cloud data and the grid, all road-side laser point cloud data may be divided into different grids.
  • the laser point data near the area contiguous with the road in the laser point cloud data on the left side of the road can be recorded as the laser point data on the left edge of the road
  • the laser near the area contiguous with the road in the laser point cloud data on the right side of the road Point data is recorded as laser point data on the right edge of the road.
  • the laser point data near the area closest to the collected vehicle driving trajectory can also be obtained from the left side of the road and the right side of the road as the laser point data of the road edge.
  • the laser point data near the boundary point closest to the road can be extracted from the areas on both sides as the laser point data on the road edge.
  • the laser point data of these road edges are sorted in order of the height value in the laser point data from small to large.
  • the laser point data of the road edges can be sorted separately according to their corresponding left and right road edges, or they can be put together for unified sorting.
  • the difference between the height values of two adjacent laser points after the above sorting is greater than the preset difference threshold, it is likely that the location of the two laser points is between the road and the area on both sides of the road.
  • the boundary between the laser point in the rear and the laser point in the subsequent order is likely to correspond to the edge position of the sudden change of the height of the curb, the guardrail, the green belt on both sides of the road, or the dangling point.
  • the previous and previous laser points that is, the laser point data on the edge of the part of the road closer to the road, ensure the quality of the data to be processed later, while reducing the amount of data to be processed.
  • the laser point data of a key point on the road edge can be obtained based on the average value of the multiple laser point data. For example, calculate the average of the coordinates (xyz) in these laser point data, and then use the obtained coordinate average as the coordinates of the laser point data of the key points on the road edge.
  • This embodiment is based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 4a, and further, by determining the road object as a road edge, and dividing the road side laser point cloud data into a grid according to a preset grid size; when determining a When the road side laser point cloud data in the grid contains the laser edge data of the road edge, the laser edge data of the road edge is sorted according to the order of the height values in the laser point data; if the two are adjacent after sorting If the difference between the height values of the laser points is greater than the preset difference threshold, the laser points that are ranked after and the laser points that follow are deleted from the two adjacent laser points; finally, based on the road edge reserved in the grid Laser point data, to obtain laser point data of a key point on the road edge, so as to achieve convenient and fast access to the laser point data of the key point on the road edge.
  • FIG. 8a it is a flowchart 5 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the method shown in FIG. 4a is that, in this embodiment, when the road object is an upright object located on the side of the road, the key points of the road objects on both sides of the road are extracted from the road side laser point cloud data A preferred embodiment of laser spot data.
  • the following steps can be performed initially at the method:
  • S412 Divide the laser point cloud data into road side laser point cloud data.
  • This step may be a specific way of dividing the laser point cloud data in step S410.
  • S710 Divide the laser point cloud data on the road side into a grid according to a preset grid size.
  • the preset grid may be a two-dimensional grid set on a horizontal plane. According to the projection relationship between the road-side laser point cloud data and the grid, all road-side laser point cloud data may be divided into different grids.
  • the road-side laser point cloud data in a grid includes laser-point data of road-side upright objects, then the laser-point data of the road-side upright objects in order from the height value in the laser point data to small Sort.
  • the laser point data with the height within the preset height range can be extracted from the laser point cloud data on the left side and right side of the road as the laser point data of the upright object on the road side.
  • a height threshold (such as greater than 0.5m and less than 2.5m) can be preset to clear the laser point cloud data outside the height threshold on both sides of the road, and the remaining laser point cloud data is the selected location Laser point data of upright objects on the road side.
  • FIG. 8b it is laser point cloud data of upright objects on both sides of the road extracted from both sides of the road.
  • the laser point data of these road-side upright objects is sorted in order from the height value in the laser point data.
  • the laser point data of upright objects on the road side can be sorted separately according to their corresponding upright objects on the left side of the road and upright objects on the right side of the road, or they can be put together and sorted together.
  • the difference between the height values of two adjacent laser points after the above sorting is greater than the preset difference threshold, it is likely that the positions of the two laser points are two upright objects in the road side area
  • the edge of the laser beam, and the laser spot after it and the laser spot after it are likely to correspond to the position where the height of the pole (street sign, lighting lamp, traffic light, etc.) changes suddenly, or the height of the tree, wall, etc. point.
  • S830 Determine whether the lowest height value in the laser point data of the retained upright object is less than the preset first height threshold, and whether the highest height value is greater than the preset second height threshold, and if so, based on the Laser point data of an upright object, to obtain laser point data of a key point of the upright object.
  • the first height threshold is smaller than the second height threshold.
  • This step is to further determine whether these data satisfy the corresponding upright object and still meet a certain height range in the laser point data of the upright object retained. If satisfied, based on the laser point data of the upright object retained in the grid, the laser point data of a key point of the upright object is obtained.
  • one of the laser point data of the upright objects retained in the grid can be selected as the laser point data of the key point, or when there are multiple laser point data of the upright objects retained in a grid .
  • the laser point data of a key point of an upright object can be obtained based on the average value of the multiple laser point data. For example, calculate the average of the coordinates (xyz) in these laser point data, and then use the obtained coordinate average as the coordinates of the laser point data of the key point of the upright object.
  • This embodiment is based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 4a, and further, by determining the road object as an upright object located on the road side, and dividing the road side laser point cloud data into grids according to a preset grid size ;
  • the laser-point data of the road-side upright objects is sorted according to the order of the height values in the laser point data from small to large ; If the difference between the height values of the two adjacent laser points after sorting is greater than the preset difference threshold, delete the laser points that are ranked after and after the laser points in the adjacent two laser points; finally, judge to keep Whether the lowest height value in the laser point data of the upright object is less than the preset first height threshold, and whether the highest height value is greater than the preset second height threshold, if so, based on the laser of the upright object retained in the grid Point data, to obtain laser point data of a key point of an upright object, so as to achieve convenient
  • FIG. 9a it is a flowchart 6 of a method for extracting positioning data to be matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment uses the laser point cloud data from the road surface and the road side laser point cloud data when the road object includes ground markings, road edges, and upright objects on the road side
  • this embodiment uses the laser point cloud data from the road surface and the road side laser point cloud data when the road object includes ground markings, road edges, and upright objects on the road side
  • the following steps can be performed initially at the method:
  • S413 Divide the laser point cloud data into road surface laser point cloud data and road side laser point cloud data.
  • This step may be a specific way of dividing the laser point cloud data in step S410.
  • S910 Divide the laser point cloud data of the road surface and the laser point cloud data of the road side into a grid according to a preset grid size.
  • the road surface laser point cloud data in a grid contains the laser data of the ground mark, then based on the laser data of the ground mark in the grid, the laser point data of a key point of the ground mark is obtained.
  • the laser-point data on the road edge is sorted in descending order of the height value in the laser point data
  • the laser point data of the road-side upright object is arranged in the order of the height value in the laser point data from small to large Sort.
  • S980 Determine whether the lowest height value in the laser point data of the retained upright object is less than the preset first height threshold, and whether the highest height value is greater than the preset second height threshold, and if so, based on the Laser point data of an upright object, to obtain laser point data of a key point of the upright object.
  • steps S910 to S960 please refer to the content of similar steps in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 a and FIG. 8 a, which will not be repeated here.
  • the laser point cloud data can be filtered first after the laser point cloud data is obtained.
  • the dangling points in the map so that the filtered laser point cloud data correspond to real and effective environmental data as much as possible.
  • FIG. 9b it is a schematic diagram of a laser point cloud extracted from ground point marks, road edges, and key points of upright objects on the side of the road extracted from laser point cloud data around the road where the vehicle is located.
  • this embodiment further determines the road surface laser point cloud data and the road side laser point by determining the road object as a ground mark on the road, the road edge and an upright object located on the road side Cloud data is divided into grids according to the preset grid size; and based on the laser point data of ground markings in the grid, the laser point data of road edges, and the laser point data of upright objects located on the side of the road, the corresponding roads are obtained respectively The laser point data of a key point of the object, so as to realize the convenient and rapid acquisition of the laser point data of the key points of ground markings, road edges and upright objects located on the side of the road.
  • FIG. 10 it is a flowchart 1 of a method for acquiring a sampling position of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment can be used as a preferred implementation of the method shown in FIG. 3a, based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the previous time, to forwardly simulate the movement state of the vehicle, and obtaining more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the current time.
  • the above step S350 may specifically include the following steps:
  • a sampling position whose probability value is greater than a preset probability threshold may be selected as the first sampling position, and these first sampling positions are relative to other sampling positions, The probability of the vehicle appearing at this sampling location will be higher.
  • S103 forwardly simulates the movement state of the vehicle for the first sampling position, and obtains more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment.
  • the sampling position of the vehicle at this moment generated by the forward simulated vehicle movement is closer to the actual position of the vehicle than other sampling positions, so that the vehicle is accurately and quickly positioned with high precision.
  • the following steps may also be performed after step S101 and before S103:
  • the sampling position After selecting a partial sampling position from the one or more sampling positions of the vehicle used at the previous moment as the first sampling position for the sampling position of the vehicle at this moment, although the accuracy of the sampling position at this moment is improved, the sampling position The number of will be reduced, in order to keep the number of sampling locations of the vehicle at this moment, or maintain the first level, you can select multiple location points near the first sampling location after extracting the first sampling location each time As the additional first sampling position. Since the additional first sampling positions are located near the original first sampling positions, the accuracy of these sampling positions can still be guaranteed.
  • This embodiment is based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 3a, and further, by extracting the first sampling position where the probability that the vehicle is at the corresponding sampling position is greater than the probability threshold from more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the previous moment; and For the first sampling position, forwardly simulate the movement state of the vehicle to obtain more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment, so as to achieve convenient and rapid acquisition of multiple sampling positions of the vehicle used at this moment, and ensure the sampling position Accuracy.
  • the number of first sampling positions can be maintained at a certain level, while ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position.
  • FIG. 11 it is a flowchart 2 of a positioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between this embodiment and any one of the positioning methods shown in FIG. 3a to FIG. 10 is that this embodiment adopts matching the positioning data to be matched with the standard positioning data in the converted coordinate system, and based on the matching result, the vehicle is located in each position.
  • a preferred embodiment of the probability of each sampling location As shown in FIG. 11, taking FIG. 3a as an example, the following steps can be performed after step S360:
  • S111 matches the positioning data to be matched in the converted coordinate system with the laser point data of the key points of the road object of the same type in the standard positioning data, and based on the matching result, obtains the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position.
  • the matching may be performed according to the type classification of the laser point data of the key points of the road object included in the positioning data.
  • the road objects are all the laser point data of the key points of the ground markings on the road
  • the road objects are the laser point data of the key points of the road edge
  • the road objects are the key points of the upright objects on the side of the road
  • the laser point data are matched separately to improve the accuracy of the matching results. Obtaining the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position based on the matching result can improve the accuracy of the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position.
  • FIG. 12 it is a flowchart 3 of a positioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between this embodiment and any one of the positioning methods shown in FIG. 3a to FIG. 10 is that this embodiment adopts matching the positioning data to be matched with the standard positioning data in the converted coordinate system, and based on the matching result, the vehicle is located in each position.
  • a preferred embodiment of the probability of each sampling location As shown in FIG. 12, after step S360, the following steps may be performed:
  • the probability of the vehicle appearing at the sampling position needs to be calculated.
  • This probability can correspond to the laser point data of the key point in the positioning data to be matched of the converted coordinate system and the closest distance to the standard positioning data
  • the laser point data of the key points is the matching of points at the same position.
  • the laser point cloud data of each key point in the positioning data to be matched of the conversion coordinate system find the key point in the standard positioning data closest to the laser point cloud data space of the key point in the standard positioning data
  • the difference between the laser point cloud coordinates of these two key points is ⁇ x, ⁇ y, ⁇ z. It is assumed that the laser point cloud data of each key point in the standard positioning data obey the mean value
  • the variance is Three-dimensional normal distribution. Then the distribution probability of the laser point cloud data P of each key point of the positioning data to be matched with respect to the laser point cloud data of the closest key point in the standard positioning data is:
  • S122 obtains the probability that the vehicle is located at the sampling position according to the probability that the key point in the positioning data to be matched of all conversion coordinate systems corresponding to the same sampling position and the closest key point in the standard positioning data are the same position point.
  • the number of sampling positions is 500, and the number of laser point cloud data of the key points of the positioning data to be matched is 1000 of the sample space. If for each sampling position, the key points of the positioning data to be matched Laser point cloud data, the laser point data of the key point in the standard positioning data closest to the laser point cloud data is ⁇ P 1 , P 2 , ..., P N ⁇ , N is 1000, then you can get The probability of sampling positions is:
  • the probability of the vehicle at each sampling position can be calculated.
  • This embodiment is based on the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3a to 10, and further, by matching the positioning data to be matched of the converted coordinate system with the laser point data of the key points of the road object of the same type in the standard positioning data, Based on the matching result, the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position is obtained, so that in the process of matching the laser point data of the key point, the comparison between road objects of the same type is ensured to improve the accuracy of the matching result, and thereby improve the vehicle location The accuracy of the probability of each sampling location.
  • the key points in the positioning data to be matched in the converted coordinate system are calculated Probability that the closest key point in the standard positioning data is the same position point; according to the same sampling position, the key point in the positioning data to be matched of all conversion coordinate systems and the closest key point in the standard positioning data are the same position point.
  • the probability of obtaining the probability that the vehicle is at the sampling position can be used to quantify the probability of the vehicle at each sampling position, while improving the accuracy of the calculation result.
  • the standard positioning data used is mainly obtained by the following methods, including:
  • Laser point cloud 3D space thinning The original laser point cloud has a large amount of data. By dividing the 3D space into several grids (such as 10x10x10cm), storing one laser point in each grid reduces the laser point cloud data. the amount;
  • Laser point cloud ground thinning first extract the ground from the original point cloud, and then rasterize the ground point cloud in a two-dimensional space, each grid only stores the statistical information of the reflectivity of the ground point cloud;
  • Laser point cloud thinning on both sides of the road first generate a road reference line, then project the laser point cloud perpendicular to the reference line to both sides of the road, only retain the laser point closest to the reference line within a certain height range, and raster the laser point After gridding, each raster is stored in the positioning layer.
  • the first scheme has too much data, which is not conducive to storage and matching positioning; some data in the environment (such as shrubs, branches, etc.) will change with time, season, and climate, making it difficult to locate effectively.
  • the second scheme only retains the reflectivity of the ground laser point cloud. In the case of water or snow on the ground, it is difficult to accurately obtain the ground reflectivity and cannot be matched and positioned.
  • the second scheme relies on reference lines and generates too many map links; some laser point clouds (such as shrubs, branches, etc.) on both sides of the road will change with time, season, and climate, making it difficult to locate effectively; at the same time, because this scheme only stores road two Side data, if there are other vehicles on both sides of the self-driving car, it will affect the positioning result.
  • some laser point clouds such as shrubs, branches, etc.
  • the acquisition process of standard positioning data used in the positioning method provided by the present invention makes up for the defects in the existing methods.
  • Road objects that are easy to identify and have stable attributes on the road and / or on both sides of the road are used as road objects, and these roads are extracted
  • the laser point data of the key points of the object is used as the positioning data of the road.
  • These road objects generally do not change due to changes in the environment or over time, and positioning is to match the environmental information obtained in real time during the driving process of the vehicle with the positioning data to determine the position of the vehicle. Therefore, extract the road and / or Or the laser point data of key points of road objects that are easy to identify on both sides of the road and have stable attributes can be used as positioning data to ensure the positioning success rate.
  • the present invention only extracts laser point data of key points, so the data amount is small, which is convenient for storage and transmission. When high-precision positioning of the vehicle is performed later, the calculation amount can also be reduced and the positioning efficiency can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a positioning device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the positioning device may be provided in the positioning system shown in FIG. 2 and used to perform the method steps shown in FIG. 3 a, which include:
  • the GNSS positioning position obtaining module 131 is used to obtain the GNSS positioning position of the vehicle;
  • the standard positioning data acquisition module 132 is used to obtain standard positioning data around the road where the vehicle is located from preset standard positioning data based on the vehicle's GNSS positioning position.
  • the standard positioning data includes roads and / or sides of the road that are easy to identify and Laser point data of key points of road objects with stable attributes;
  • the laser point cloud data acquisition module 133 is used to acquire laser point cloud data around the road where the vehicle is located, which is output by the laser sensor of the vehicle;
  • the to-be-matched positioning data extraction module 134 is used to extract to-be-matched positioning data around the road where the vehicle is located from the laser point cloud data.
  • the sampling position obtaining module 135 is used to forwardly simulate the movement state of the vehicle based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the previous moment, and obtain more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment;
  • the positioning data conversion module 136 is used to convert the positioning data to be matched into the coordinate system corresponding to the standard positioning data based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment;
  • the positioning data matching module 137 is used to match the positioning data to be matched with the standard positioning data in the converted coordinate system, and based on the matching result, obtain the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position;
  • the high-precision positioning module 138 is used to obtain the high-precision positioning position of the vehicle based on the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position.
  • the positioning data extraction module 134 to be matched may include:
  • the positioning data division unit 141 to be matched is used to divide the laser point cloud data into road surface laser point cloud data and / or road side laser point cloud data;
  • the positioning data extraction unit 142 to be matched is used for extracting laser point data of key points of roads and / or road objects on both sides of the road from the laser point cloud data of the road surface and / or the laser point cloud data of the road side.
  • the location data extraction module to be matched shown in FIG. 14 can be used to perform the method steps shown in FIG. 4a.
  • the above positioning device may further include:
  • the road surface fitting module 151 is used to fit the road surface of the road according to the laser point cloud data of the road surface;
  • the data correction module 152 is used to correct the height value of the road surface laser point cloud data and / or the road side laser point cloud data based on the fitted road surface to a height value relative to the road surface.
  • the device structure shown in FIG. 15 can be used to perform the method steps shown in FIG. 5.
  • the above-mentioned road object may be a ground mark on the road, and the location data extraction module 134 to be matched may include:
  • the road surface data dividing unit 161 is used to divide the road surface laser point cloud data into a grid according to a preset grid size
  • the road surface data obtaining unit 162 is used to obtain the key point of a ground mark based on the laser point data of the ground mark in the grid if the road surface laser point cloud data in a grid contains the laser mark data of the ground mark Laser point data.
  • the location data extraction module to be matched shown in FIG. 16 can be used to perform the method steps shown in FIG. 6.
  • the above-mentioned road object may be a road edge, and then the positioning data extraction module 134 to be matched may include:
  • the road side data dividing unit 171 is used to divide the road side laser point cloud data into a grid according to a preset grid size
  • the road edge data sorting unit 172 is used to, if the road side laser point cloud data in a grid contains road edge laser point data, then the road edge laser point data according to the height value in the laser point data from small to large Order
  • the road edge data deleting unit 173 is configured to delete the laser point after the sort and the subsequent laser points of the two adjacent laser points if the difference between the height values of the two adjacent laser points after sorting is greater than the preset difference threshold Laser spot
  • the road edge data obtaining unit 174 is configured to obtain laser point data of a key point on the road edge based on the laser point data of the road edge retained in the grid.
  • the positioning data extraction module shown in FIG. 17 can be used to perform the method steps shown in FIG. 7a.
  • the above road object may be an upright object located on the side of the road, then the positioning data extraction module 134 to be matched may include:
  • the road side data dividing unit 171 is used to divide the road side laser point cloud data into a grid according to a preset grid size
  • the upright object data sorting unit 181 is used to, if the road-side laser point cloud data in a grid contains the laser point data of the road-side upright objects, the laser point data of the road-side upright objects according to the height in the laser point data The values are sorted in ascending order;
  • the upright object data deleting unit 182 is used to delete the laser points after the sort and the lasers after the sort if the height difference between the two adjacent laser points after sorting is greater than the preset difference threshold point;
  • the upright object data acquisition unit 183 is used to determine whether the lowest height value in the laser point data of the upright object is less than the preset first height threshold and whether the highest height value is greater than the preset second height threshold, and if so, then Based on the laser point data of the upright object retained in the grid, the laser point data of a key point of the upright object is obtained.
  • the to-be-matched positioning data extraction module shown in FIG. 18 can be used to perform the method steps shown in FIG. 8a.
  • the above road objects may include ground marks, road edges, and upright objects located on the side of the road, then the positioning data extraction module 134 to be matched may include:
  • the road surface and road side data dividing unit 191 is used to divide the road surface laser point cloud data and the road side laser point cloud data into a grid according to a preset grid size;
  • the pavement data unit 192 is used to obtain the laser of a key point of the ground mark based on the laser point data of the ground mark in the grid if the road surface laser point cloud data in a grid contains the laser mark data of the ground mark Point data
  • Road edge data unit 193 if the road side laser point cloud data in a grid contains road edge laser point data, then the road edge laser point data in the order of the height value in the laser point data from small to large Sorting, if the difference between the height values of the two adjacent laser spots after sorting is greater than the preset difference threshold, the laser spots after the sorting and the subsequent laser spots in the two adjacent laser spots are deleted, based on this network Retain the laser point data of the road edge in the grid to obtain the laser point data of a key point on the road edge;
  • the upright object data unit 194 is used to convert the laser point data of the road-side upright objects according to the height value in the laser point data if the road-side laser point cloud data in a grid contains the laser point data of the road-side upright objects Sort in ascending order. If the height difference between the two adjacent laser points after sorting is greater than the preset difference threshold, delete the laser point in the order and the laser points after it in the two adjacent laser points To determine whether the lowest height value in the laser point data of the retained upright objects is less than the preset first height threshold, and whether the highest height value is greater than the preset second height threshold, and if so, based on the uprights retained in the grid Laser point data of an object, to obtain laser point data of a key point of an upright object.
  • the to-be-matched positioning data extraction module shown in FIG. 19 can be used to perform the method steps shown in FIG. 9a.
  • sampling position of the vehicle at the initial time may be more than one location point selected from the positioning area where the GNSS positioning position of the vehicle is located at the initial time.
  • the sampling position acquisition module 135 may include:
  • the first sampling position extraction unit 201 is used to extract the first sampling position where the probability that the vehicle is at the corresponding sampling position is greater than the probability threshold from more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the previous moment;
  • the sampling position obtaining unit 203 is configured to forwardly simulate the motion state of the vehicle with respect to the first sampling position, and obtain more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment.
  • sampling position acquisition module shown in FIG. 20 may further include:
  • the first sampling position adding unit 202 is used to select a plurality of position points near the first sampling position as the additional first sampling position.
  • the sampling position acquisition module shown in FIG. 20 can be used to perform the method steps shown in FIG. 10.
  • the positioning data matching module 137 may be specifically used for,
  • the above positioning data matching module 137 may include:
  • the positioning data matching unit 211 is used to match the laser point data of the key point in the positioning data to be matched of the converted coordinate system with the laser point data of the closest key point in the standard positioning data, and calculate the position to be matched of the converted coordinate system The probability that the key points in the data are the same as the key points in the standard positioning data that are closest to each other;
  • the sampling position matching unit 212 is used to obtain the probability that the vehicle is located at the sampling position according to the probability that the key point in the positioning data to be matched of all the conversion coordinate systems corresponding to the same sampling position and the closest key point in the standard positioning data are the same position point Probability.
  • the positioning data matching module shown in FIG. 21 can be used to execute the contents of steps S111 and S121 to S122 in the methods shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • the above-mentioned high-precision positioning module 138 may be specifically used for,
  • the sampling position with the highest probability among the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position is determined as the high-precision positioning position of the vehicle
  • the corresponding sampling positions are weighted, and the obtained weighted position is determined as the high-precision positioning position of the vehicle.
  • the invention provides a positioning device, based on the obtained GNSS positioning position of the vehicle, from the preset standard positioning data, to obtain the standard positioning data around the road where the vehicle is located; to obtain the laser around the road where the vehicle is output by the laser sensor Point cloud data, and from the laser point cloud data, extract the positioning data to be matched around the road where the vehicle is located; the above standard positioning data and the positioning data to be matched include those on the road where the vehicle is located and / or both sides of the road are easy to identify and have stable attributes Laser point data of key points of road objects; based on more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at the previous moment, forward simulating the movement state of the vehicle, obtaining more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment, and based on the vehicle at this moment Corresponding to more than one sampling position, the positioning data to be matched is converted into the coordinate system corresponding to the standard positioning data; the positioning data to be matched in the converted coordinate system is matched with the standard positioning data, and based on the matching result,
  • the road object of the present invention is a road object that is easy to recognize and has stable attributes on the road and / or on both sides of the road, these road objects generally do not change due to changes in the environment or over time. Therefore, the road objects and / or Or the laser point data of the key points of the road objects that are easy to identify on both sides of the road and have stable attributes can be used as high-precision positioning matching objects to ensure the positioning success rate and accuracy. At the same time, the invention only extracts laser point data of key points of road objects for matching, so the amount of data is less, the calculation amount is greatly reduced, and the positioning efficiency is improved.
  • the laser point cloud data by dividing the laser point cloud data into road surface laser point cloud data and / or road side laser point cloud data; then, from the road surface laser point cloud data and / or road side laser point cloud data, the road and And / or laser point data of key points of road objects on both sides of the road, so as to conveniently and quickly obtain laser point data of key points of road objects, that is, positioning data to be matched.
  • the The height value of the road surface laser point cloud data and the road side laser point cloud data is corrected to the height value relative to the road surface, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the height position of the laser point cloud data.
  • the laser point data of the ground mark is included, the laser point data of a key point of the ground mark is obtained based on the laser point data of the ground mark in the grid, so that the laser point of the key point of the ground mark is obtained conveniently and quickly data.
  • the laser point data on the edge of the road is sorted according to the order of the height values in the laser point data; if the difference between the height values of the two adjacent laser points after sorting is greater than the preset difference Threshold value, then delete the laser points that are sorted in the next two laser points and the subsequent laser points; finally, based on the laser point data of the road edge retained in the grid, obtain the laser of a key point on the road edge Point data, so that the laser point data of key points on the road edge can be obtained conveniently and quickly.
  • the road object as an upright object located on the road side, and dividing the road side laser point cloud data into a grid according to a preset grid size; when judging the road side laser point cloud in a grid
  • the laser point data of the upright objects on the road side are sorted in order of the height values in the laser point data; if the height values of two adjacent laser points after sorting If the difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, delete the laser point in the order and the laser points after it in the two adjacent laser points; finally, determine whether the lowest height value in the laser point data of the upright object retained Less than the preset first height threshold, whether the highest height value is greater than the preset second height threshold, and if so, based on the laser point data of the upright object retained in the grid, obtain the laser point of a key point of the upright object Data, so that the laser point data of the key points of upright objects on the road side can be obtained conveniently and quickly.
  • the laser point cloud data of the road surface and the laser point cloud data of the road side are divided into nets according to a preset grid size In the grid; and based on the laser point data of the ground marking in the grid, the laser point data of the road edge, and the laser point data of the upright objects on the side of the road, respectively obtain the laser point data of a key point of the corresponding road object, so as to achieve convenience , Quickly obtain laser point data of ground marks, key points of road edges and upright objects located on the side of the road.
  • the vehicle motion state is simulated forward To obtain more than one sampling position corresponding to the vehicle at this moment, so as to realize convenient and rapid acquisition of multiple sampling positions of the vehicle used at this moment, and ensure the accuracy of the sampling position.
  • the number of first sampling positions can be maintained at a certain level, while ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position.
  • the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position is obtained, so that In the process of matching the laser point data of key points, it is ensured that road objects of the same type are compared to improve the accuracy of the matching result, thereby improving the accuracy of the probability that the vehicle is located at each sampling position.
  • the key points in the positioning data to be matched in the converted coordinate system are calculated Probability that the closest key point in the standard positioning data is the same position point; according to the same sampling position, the key point in the positioning data to be matched of all conversion coordinate systems and the closest key point in the standard positioning data are the same position point.
  • the probability of obtaining the probability that the vehicle is at the sampling position can be used to quantify the probability of the vehicle at each sampling position, while improving the accuracy of the calculation result.
  • FIG. 22 it is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes a memory 221 and a processor 222. .
  • the memory 221 is used to store programs.
  • the memory 221 may be configured to store various other data to support operations on the electronic device. Examples of these data include instructions for any application or method for operating on the electronic device, contact data, phone book data, messages, pictures, videos, etc.
  • the memory 221 may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), erasable and removable Programmable read only memory (EPROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), read only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read only memory
  • EPROM erasable and removable Programmable read only memory
  • PROM programmable read only memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • magnetic memory magnetic memory
  • flash memory magnetic disk or optical disk.
  • the processor 222 coupled to the memory 221, is configured to execute a program in the memory 221, and the program executes any one of the positioning methods in FIGS. 3a to 12 when the program runs.
  • the electronic device may further include: a communication component 223, a power component 224, an audio component 225, a display 226, and other components. Only some components are schematically shown in FIG. 22, and it does not mean that the electronic device includes only the components shown in FIG.
  • the communication component 223 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between the electronic device and other devices. Electronic devices can access wireless networks based on communication standards, such as WiFi, 2G or 3G, or a combination thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 223 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 223 also includes a near field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication.
  • the NFC module can be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • IrDA infrared data association
  • UWB ultra-wideband
  • Bluetooth Bluetooth
  • the power supply component 224 provides power for various components of the electronic device.
  • the power supply component 224 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power for electronic devices.
  • the audio component 225 is configured to output and / or input audio signals.
  • the audio component 225 includes a microphone (MIC).
  • the microphone When the electronic device is in an operation mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a voice recognition mode, the microphone is configured to receive an external audio signal.
  • the received audio signal may be further stored in the memory 221 or transmitted via the communication component 223.
  • the audio component 225 further includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.
  • the display 226 includes a screen, which may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive input signals from the user.
  • the touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touches, swipes, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundary of the touch or sliding action, but also detect the duration and pressure related to the touch or sliding operation.

Abstract

一种定位方法、装置以及电子设备,其中,方法包括:基于车辆的GNSS定位位置,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据(S320);从车辆的激光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据(S330、S340);标准定位数据和待匹配定位数据均包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;基于上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的多个采样位置,向前模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的多个采样位置(S350);基于本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中并与标准定位数据进行匹配,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率(S360、S370),并基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率得到车辆的高精定位位置(S380)。提供的定位方法能够快速且准确地确定出车辆的高精定位位置。

Description

定位方法、装置以及电子设备
本申请要求2018年11月09日递交的申请号为201811333871.X、发明名称为“定位方法、装置以及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及定位技术领域,尤其涉及一种定位方法、装置以及电子设备。
背景技术
传统的车辆定位方法,一般基于车辆上搭载的全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)接收机,获取车辆的实时位置,位置精度一般在米级。在高精地图产生之后,出现了基于高精地图的定位方法,即在车辆行驶过程中实时获取车辆周边的环境信息,通过将该环境信息与预先制作的高精定位数据的匹配,获取车辆的高精定位结果,高精定位结果的定位精度一般在厘米级,可以满足自动驾驶的需求。发明人在对现有基于高精地图的定位方法进行研究的过程中发现,如何快速且准确地确定出车辆的高精定位位置是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种定位方法、装置以及电子设备,能够快速且准确地确定出车辆的高精定位位置。
为达到上述目的,本发明的实施例采用如下技术方案:
第一方面,提供了一种定位方法,包括:
获取车辆的GNSS定位位置;
基于车辆的GNSS定位位置,从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据,所述标准定位数据包括道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
获取车辆的激光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据;
从所述激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据,所述待匹配定位数据包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
基于上一时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟所述车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置;
基于本时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将所述待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中;
将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率;
基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。
第二方面,提供了一种定位装置,包括:
GNSS定位位置获取模块,用于获取车辆的GNSS定位位置;
标准定位数据获取模块,用于基于车辆的GNSS定位位置,从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据,所述标准定位数据包括道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
激光点云数据获取模块,用于获取车辆的激光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据;
待匹配定位数据提取模块,用于从所述激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据,所述待匹配定位数据包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
采样位置获取模块,用于基于上一时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟所述车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置;
定位数据转换模块,用于基于本时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将所述待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中;
定位数据匹配模块,用于将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率;
高精定位模块,用于基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。
第三方面,提供了一种电子设备,包括:
存储器,用于存储程序;
处理器,耦合至所述存储器,用于执行所述程序,所述程序运行时执行本发明提供的所述定位方法。
本发明提供了一种定位方法、装置以及电子设备,基于获取的车辆的GNSS定位位置,从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据;获取车辆的激 光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据,并从激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据;上述标准定位数据以及待匹配定位数据均包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;基于上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,并基于本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中;将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率;基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。由于本发明的道路对象是道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象,这些道路对象一般不会因为环境变化或者随着时间的推移而发生变化,因此,提取道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据作为高精定位的匹配对象能够保证定位成功率和准确率。同时,本发明仅提取道路对象的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,所以数据量较少,大大减少了计算量,提高了定位效率。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1a为本发明实施例的激光点云数据采集装置结构示意图;
图1b为本发明实施例的定位数据生成技术方案示意图;
图2为本发明实施例的定位系统结构图;
图3a为本发明实施例的定位方法流程图一;
图3b为本发明实施例的激光点云示意图;
图4a为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图一;
图4b为本发明实施例的原始激光点云扫描线图;
图5为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图二;
图6为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图三;
图7a为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图四;
图7b为本发明实施例的道路两侧区域的原始激光点云图;
图8a为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图五;
图8b为本发明实施例的道路两侧直立物体点的激光点云图;
图9a为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图六;
图9b为本发明实施例的地面标记点、道路两侧边缘点、道路两侧直立物体点的激光点云图;
图10为本发明实施例的车辆的采样位置获取方法流程图一;
图11为本发明实施例的定位方法流程图二;
图12为本发明实施例的定位方法流程图三;
图13为本发明实施例的定位装置结构图一;
图14为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取模块结构图一;
图15为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取模块的拓展结构图;
图16为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取模块结构图二;
图17为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取模块结构图三;
图18为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取模块结构图四;
图19为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取模块结构图五;
图20为本发明实施例的采样位置获取模块结构图;
图21为本发明实施例的定位数据匹配模块结构图;
图22为本发明实施例的电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反,提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
为了实现汽车的高精定位,需要生成用于高精定位场景的定位数据,该定位数据需要满足以下几个要求:
信息量:定位数据的信息量应足够丰富,尽可能真实的表征汽车行驶的道路及其周边的环境;
数据量:定位数据的数据量应尽量小,以便于存储和传输;
鲁棒性:定位数据对光照、时间、季节、气候、路况等外部环境足够鲁棒,不易受到外部环境变化的影响;
综合考虑以上几个要求,本发明提出了一种定位数据生成方法,该方法包括:
获取道路和/或道路两侧在预设区域范围内的激光点云数据;
从激光点云数据中,提取道路和/或道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据,该道路对象是道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象;
将提取出的关键点的激光点数据作为道路的定位数据存储。
在实际应用中,前述道路上或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象可以是地面标记、道路边缘、道路侧直立物体。
其中,地面标记可以是道路面上涂画的任何标记,比如,车道线、行驶方向箭头、人行横道等;道路边缘可以由路沿石、防护栏、绿化带等构成;道路侧直立物体是指道路两侧的直立物体,比如,道路两侧的杆(路牌、照明灯、红绿灯等的支持杆)、树干、墙体等。
由于地面标记、道路边缘、道路侧直立物体,这些道路对象不易受到光照、时间、季节、气候以及路况等外部环境的影响,而定位是将车辆行驶过程实时获取的环境信息与定位数据进行匹配,从而确定车辆的位置,因此,提取道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据作为定位数据能够保证定位成功率。同时,本发明仅提取关键点的激光点数据,所以数据量较少,方便存储和传输。
如图1a所示,为本发明实施例中的激光点云数据采集装置结构示意图,包括:采集车辆本体11、安装有轮数计的车轮12、集成有惯性测量单元(Inertial measurement unit,IMU)和全球导航卫星系统的组合定位系统13和用于采集激光点云的激光雷达14。图1a中所示装置结构能够采集到采集车行驶过的道路及道路两侧的所有对象的激光点云数据。将采集到的激光点云数据经图1b所示的定位数据生成的技术方案进行处理,可以得到数据量较少,且定位成功率高的定位数据。
如图1b所示,上述定位数据生成的技术方案包括如下技术特征:
S110,获取道路的激光点云数据。该激光点云数据包括道路和/或道路两侧在预设区域范围内的激光点数据。
S120,将激光点云数据划分为道路面激光点云数据、道路侧激光点云数据。
将激光点云数据划分为位于道路面、道路左侧、道路右侧的激光点云数据,具体划 分过程可基于激光雷达扫描时得到的激光点的扫描线上所对应的地面突变点,通过这些突变点来区分道路面、道路两侧的激光点云的边界位置。可以理解的是,步骤S110获取的激光点云数据中如果同时包括道路和道路两侧在预设区域范围内的激光点数据,则步骤S120可以得到道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据,步骤S110获取的激光点云数据中如果只包括道路和道路两侧在预设区域范围内的激光点数据中的一种,则步骤S120可以得到道路面激光点云数据或道路侧激光点云数据。
S130,拟合道路面。针对道路面激光点云数据采用随机抽样一致算法(RANdom SAmple Consensus,RANSAC)进行平面拟合得到道路面。
S140,基于拟合出的道路面,将道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据的高度值修正为相对于道路面的高度值。
当然,如果输入的激光点云数据中每个激光点的高度坐标Z值本身已经是相对于道路面的Z值,则步骤130~140可以省略。然后,从道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据中,对应提取道路和/或道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据。
其中,提取道路和/或道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据包括:
S150,提取地面标记的关键点的激光点数据。从道路面激光点云数据中提取地面标记的关键点的激光点数据。
S160,提取道路边缘的关键点的激光点数据。从道路侧激光点云数据中提取道路边缘的关键点的激光点数据。
S170,提取道路侧直立物体的关键点的激光点数据。从道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路侧直立物体的关键点的激光点数据。
S180,将提取出的关键点的激光点数据作为道路的定位数据存储。
将上述从激光点云数据中提取出的地面标记关键点、道路边缘关键点、位于道路侧的直立物体关键点的激光点云数据作为定位数据进行存储。本发明存储的定位数据可以包括地面标记关键点、道路边缘关键点、位于道路侧的直立物体关键点的激光点云数据中的任意一种、任意两种或三种。
基于上述定位数据生成方法生成的定位数据,本发明提出了一种定位方法,该方法包括:
获取车辆的GNSS定位位置;
基于车辆的GNSS定位位置,从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据,标准定位数据包括道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象 的关键点的激光点数据;
获取车辆的激光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据;
从激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据,待匹配定位数据包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
基于上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置;
基于本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中;
将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率;
基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。
本发明提供的定位方法中,可将如图1a所示的专业的激光点云数据采集装置所采集的激光点云数据经图1b所示的定位数据生成的技术方案处理得到的定位数据作为标准定位数据。从待定位的车辆的激传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据中提取出待匹配定位数据。这两种定位数据均包括道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据,其区别在于,标准定位数据已经在如GNSS坐标系下被明确定位,可以作为定位标准值被使用;而待匹配定位数据只是待定位的车辆的激光传感器输出的相对激光传感器坐标系准确的定位数据,在将二者进行位置匹配得到车辆的高精定位位置之前,还需要确定车辆的粗略位置(GNSS坐标系下),以将待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中。
本发明中,通过获取车辆的GNSS定位位置,以从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据;基于上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,以获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,然后基于这些采样位置,将待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中;将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率;最后,基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。
如图2所示,为本发明提供的定位系统结构图,包括:激光点云数据采集装置210、标准定位数据库220和定位装置230;其中:
激光点云数据采集装置210可以但不限于为如图1a所示的装置结构(相应的采集车 辆本体11可以指待定位的车辆),用于采集道路及道路两侧的激光点云数据,以及定位车辆的GNSS定位位置。
标准定位数据库220中存储了用于道路定位的标准定位数据。
定位装置230,用于从激光点云数据采集装置210采集的激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据,同时获取车辆的GNSS定位位置;基于车辆的GNSS定位位置,从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据;基于上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,并基于本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中;将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,并基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。
其中,标准定位数据和待匹配定位数据均包括道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据。比如,道路对象可以是道路上的地面标记、道路边缘以及位于道路侧的直立物体中的至少一个道路对象,这些道路对象一般不会因为环境变化或者随着时间的推移而发生变化,以这些道路对象的关键点的激光点数据作为道路的定位数据,既可以保证定位成功率,同时,本发明仅提取道路对象的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,所以数据量较少,大大减少了计算量,提高了定位效率。下面通过多个实施例来进一步说明本申请的技术方案。
实施例一
基于上述定位方案思想,如图3a所示,其为本发明实施例示出的定位方法流程图一,该方法的执行主体可为图2中所示的定位装置230。如图3a所示,该定位方法包括如下步骤:
S310,获取车辆的GNSS定位位置。
通过在需要定位的车辆上设置GNSS系统可以实时对车辆进行定位,获取车辆的GNSS定位位置。
S320,基于车辆的GNSS定位位置,从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据,标准定位数据包括道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据。
在得到车辆的GNSS定位位置后,可以粗略判断车辆所处的地理位置。根据车辆的GNSS定位位置从标准定位数据库中获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据,这些标准 定位数据可通过如图1b所示的技术方案获取,具体包括道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据。每个激光点数据都对应有在GNSS系统坐标系中明确的位置坐标。
这些道路对象可包括地面标记、道路边缘、道路侧直立物体。
S330,获取车辆的激光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据。
需要说明的是,通常在实际通过激光雷达扫描可以扫描得到很远位置处的激光点云(几十米到上百米的),距离采集点较远的激光点云精度较低,并且通常不是道路位置处的激光点。因此,在采集激光点云数据时可以车辆本体为中心,将采集到的距离采集车辆本体较远的激光点云直接滤除。该滤除仅仅只做范围限定,以减少冗余的激光点云数据量。这时的激光点云数据不区分是地面还是非地面。
在实际获取车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据时,可以按照产生高精定位位置的处理周期,周期性从车辆的激光传感器输出的激光点云数据中获取当前时刻车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据。如图3b所示,为激光点云数据中某一时刻对应的位于车辆所在道路周边预设区域范围内的激光点云图,图中每个激光点数据包括x,y,z三维坐标(位于激光传感器坐标系),每个激光点的明暗程度表征该激光点的反射率,其中位于中间区域的道路面上的激光点的反射率相对于道路两侧的激光点的反射率较高。
S340,从激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据,待匹配定位数据包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据。
为了保证待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据在道路对象上的一致性,在获取到车辆的激光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据后,需要从这些激光点云数据中提取出包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据。
其中,道路对象可以包括但不限于:地面标记、道路边缘和位于道路侧的直立物体。相应的,道路对象的关键点的激光点数据可以为从这些道路对象的激光点云数据中提取的最能体现道路对象形态特征的关键点的激光点数据。
具体地,可以利用激光点的反射率与三维坐标值(特别是激光点的高度值)相结合,可以从道路和/或道路两侧在预设区域范围内的激光点云数据中提取如地面标记、道路边缘和位于道路侧的直立物体的关键点的激光点数据。
具体地,可以采用用于形成标准定位数据的方法,从待定位车辆的激光传感器中输 出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据中获取待匹配定位数据。这样,如果待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据是针对同一地理区域内的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据,那么两种定位数据的分布情况的相似度应该很高。唯一不同的是,标准定位数据被明确定位,具有准确的GNSS定位坐标,而待匹配定位数据只是针对激光传感器坐标系有明确定位,而针对如GNSS定位系统的定位是比较粗略(主要因为用户的使用的GNSS定位系统精度不高)的,需要借助待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据的匹配结果,最终确定车辆的高精定位位置。
S350,基于上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置。
在周期性对车辆的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配时,可以在每个周期内为当前车辆设置一个以上的采样位置,这些采样位置代表了车辆在相应周期内可能出现的位置。
具体地,在确定车辆在当前时刻的一个以上的采样位置时,可以通过前向模拟车辆的运动状态,将上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置移动到当前时刻,从而得到当前时刻的一个以上的采样位置。其中,车辆在初始时刻的采样位置为从初始时刻车辆的GNSS定位位置所在的定位区域中选取的一个以上的位置点。
在实际应用场景中,基于上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,结合车辆运动学、IMU量测数据、轮数计等装置模拟车辆运动,获取车辆当前时刻可能的采样位置。若当前时刻为获取采样位置的初始时刻,可直接在GNSS系统输出的定位位置所在的定位区域中进行采样获取车辆当前时刻可能的一个以上的采样位置。
其中,前向模拟车辆运动基于车辆运动学方程实现。例如,下面给出一个实现前向模拟的示例:
Figure PCTCN2019114961-appb-000001
式(1)中模型假定车辆在短时间内转动角速率以及运动速度是恒定的,其中
Figure PCTCN2019114961-appb-000002
分别表征了车辆在k时刻在平面坐标系下x,y向的坐标,υ k
Figure PCTCN2019114961-appb-000003
分别表征车辆在k时刻的速度,航向角以及航向角的变化率,Δt表征k时刻到k+1时刻的时间差,v k表征了k时刻的模型噪声。
这样,通过前向模拟车辆运动状态,就可以得到车辆在各时刻(不包含初始时刻)的一个以上的采样位置。
S360,基于本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中。
在确定车辆的采样位置在标准定位数据对应的坐标系中的位置坐标后,就可以将对应同一时刻获取的待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中,得到相应的位置坐标值。
S370,将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率。
针对每个采样位置,都会存在一组转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据,将这些待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,即转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据中激光点数据的匹配程度可以判断车辆在该采样位置出现的概率。
S380,基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。
例如,可以将车辆位于每个采样位置的概率中概率最高的采样位置确定为车辆的高精定位位置;
或者,
以车辆位于每个采样位置的概率作为权重,对相应的各采样位置进行加权计算,并将得到的加权位置确定为车辆的高精定位位置。
实施例二
如图4a所示,为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图一。本实施例可作为图3a所示方法中,从所述激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据的一个优选实施方案。如图4a所示,上述步骤S340可具体包括如下步骤:
S410,将激光点云数据划分为道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据。
具体地,将步骤S330中获取的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据按三维坐标值的位置和高度值(三维坐标中的Z值)变化特点划分为道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧(包括道路左侧和右侧)激光点云数据。
在实际应用场景中,从每一条激光雷达扫描线中找到激光点云的高度突变点。例如,在一个网格内的激光点云数据中,当同一扫描线上的激光点云中最高点和最低点的激光点高度差大于一定阈值,例如0.1m,则认为该网格中存在关于该扫描线上的激光点云的高度突变点。又例如,相邻两个网格中的激光点云数据中,当同一扫描线上的激光点云 中最高点和最低点高度差大于一定阈值,也可认为这两个网格中存在关于该扫描线上的激光点云的高度突变点。通过对从车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据对应的扫描线的中间位置向两侧延展,识别扫描线上的激光点云中的高度突变点,进一步可将一条扫描线上的激光点云数据分割为道路面激光点云数据、道路侧激光点云数据。
需要说明的是,对于每一条扫描线,扫描线与车辆行驶方向近似垂直,从扫描线中心分别向左右两侧扩张,找到左右两侧扫描线上的激光点云中的高度突变点,实现将一条扫描线分割为道路面激光点云数据、道路侧激光点云数据。对多条扫描线都进行同样的操作,实现对车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据分割为道路面激光点云数据、道路侧激光点云数据。
如图4b所示,从左到右可以看到每一条扫描线近似为圆弧线,扫描线最中间的位置点为车辆已经/即将走过的激光点的位置,该激光点一定是道路面上的激光点。从扫描线的中间向两侧扩张,若相邻两个激光点的高度变化大于指定高度阈值,则认为该激光点的位置达道路边缘,停止扩张,并从该道路边缘的位置对扫描线上的激光点云进行分割。对车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据对应的所有激光点云的扫描线进行分割,即可得到图4b所示的三个区域的激光点云数据,从左到右依次为道路左侧激光点云数据、道路面激光点云数据和道路右侧激光点云数据。
S420,从道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路和/或道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据。
完成激光点云数据的区域划分后,可在不同区域对应的激光点云数据中提取道路对象的关键点的激光点数据,如在道路面激光点云数据中提取地面标记的关键点的激光点数据、在道路侧激光点云数据中提取道路边缘和直立物体的关键点的激光点数据。
另外,如图5所示,在执行步骤S420之前,还可以执行如下步骤,以便将激光点云数据相对于拟合后的道路面进行高度修正。
S510,根据道路面激光点云数据,拟合出道路的道路面。
例如,可采用随机抽样一致算法对道路面激光点云数据进行平面拟合得到道路的道路面。
具体地,可针对道路面激光点云数据采用RANSAC平面拟合算法拟合出地平面,该地平面位于道路区域的部分即为道路面。具体拟合步骤如下:
a)随机从道路面激光点云数据中抽取3个数据点P 1,P 2,P 3
b)由这3个数据点生成平面,计算所有道路面激光点数据距离该平面的距离,统计 距离在一定范围(如5cm)内的激光点数目。
c)重复以上步骤若干次,距离3点构成的平面一定范围内道路面激光点数据的数量最多的三个点构成的平面确定为地平面。该地平面位于道路区域的部分即为道路面。
S520,基于拟合出的道路面,将道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据的高度值修正为相对于道路面的高度值。
例如,将道路面对应的高度值设置为高度0,那么可将道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据的高度值修正为该相应激光点到该道路面的距离。
另外,需要补充说明的是,如果输入的激光点云数据中Z值本身已经是相对于道路面的Z值,则不需要额外执行步骤S510~S520。
该实施例在图3a所示实施例基础上,进一步地,通过将激光点云数据划分为道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据;然后,从道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路和/或道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据,从而实现方便、快速的获取道路对象的关键点的激光点数据,即待匹配定位数据。
另外,在提取道路和/或道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据之前,通过根据道路面激光点云数据,拟合出道路的道路面;并基于拟合出的道路面,将道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据的高度值修正为相对于道路面的高度值,从而保证激光点云数据的高度位置的准确性。
实施例三
如图6所示,为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图三。本实施例与图4a所示方法的区别在于,本实施例采用了当道路对象是道路上的地面标记时,从道路面激光点云数据中,提取道路的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据的一个优选实施方案。如图6所示,在方法初始可执行如下步骤:
S411,将激光点云数据划分为道路面激光点云数据。
本步骤可以为步骤S410中,划分激光点云数据的一种具体划分方式。
S610,按照预设的网格大小,将道路面激光点云数据划分到网格中。
其中,预设的网格可以是设置在水平面上的二维网格,根据道路面激光点云数据与网格的投影关系,可以将所有道路面激光点云数据划分到不同网格中。
S620,若一个网格中的道路面激光点云数据包含地面标记的激光点数据,则基于该网格中的地面标记的激光点数据,获取地面标记的一个关键点的激光点数据。
道路面激光点云数据中,地面标记的激光点云与非地面标记的激光点云之间其反射 率区别性比较明显。一般在有地面标记的地面区域通常对应为道路上的车道线、箭头、人行横道等,所以较其他非地面标记的地面区域的激光点云的相比,这部分地面区域的激光点云其反射率偏大。基于这个特点可以从道路面激光点云数据中提取地面标记的激光点数据。
例如,可以统计各网格中的激光点的数目、激光点的反射率的均值和方差;然后,将满足预设条件中规定的数目阈值、反射率的均值阈值和方差阈值的激光点数据确定为地面标记的激光点数据。
具体地,可以根据预先学习或者经验得到包含地面标记的网格中的激光点的特点设定预设条件,该预设条件中可规定包含地面标记的网格中激光点的数目阈值、反射率的均值阈值和方差阈值等指标,当待处理的网格中的激光点满足预设条件的规定时,则确定对应的激光点为地面标记的激光点。例如,若网格内激光点数目、激光点的反射率均值及方差均达到规定预置,且当前激光点的反射率大于均值指定超出值则可判定该激光点为地面标记的激光点。
如果一个网格中的道路面激光点云数据包含地面标记的激光点数据,则可以基于该网格中的地面标记的激光点数据,获取地面标记的一个关键点的激光点数据。例如,当一个网格中的地面标记的激光点数据有多个,则可基于这多个激光点数据的均值得到地面标记的一个关键点的激光点数据。比如计算这些激光点数据中坐标(xyz)的均值,然后以得到的坐标均值作为地面标记的关键点的激光点数据的坐标。
该实施例在图4a所示实施例基础上,进一步地,通过将道路对象确定为道路上的地面标记,并按照预设的网格大小,将道路面激光点云数据划分到网格中;当判断一个网格中的道路面激光点云数据包含地面标记的激光点数据时,则基于该网格中的地面标记的激光点数据,获取地面标记的一个关键点的激光点数据,从而实现方便、快速的获取地面标记的关键点的激光点数据。
实施例四
如图7a所示,为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图四。本实施例与图4a所示方法的区别在于,本实施例采用了当道路对象是道路边缘时,从道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据的一个优选实施方案。如图7a所示,在方法初始可执行如下步骤:
S412,将激光点云数据划分为道路侧激光点云数据。
本步骤可以为步骤S410中,划分激光点云数据的一种具体划分方式。
S710,将道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中。
其中,预设的网格可以是设置在水平面上的二维网格,根据道路侧激光点云数据与网格的投影关系,可以将所有道路侧激光点云数据划分到不同网格中。
S720,若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据包含道路边缘的激光点数据,则将道路边缘的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序。
其中,可将道路左侧激光点云数据中与道路衔接的区域附近的激光点数据记为道路左侧边缘的激光点数据,将道路右侧激光点云数据中与道路衔接的区域附近的激光点数据记为道路右侧边缘的激光点数据。
在实际应用场景中,也可分别从道路左侧和道路右侧中获取距离采集车辆行驶轨迹最近的区域附近的激光点数据作为道路边缘的激光点数据。
如图7b所示,为道路两侧的激光点云数据,可从这两侧区域中提取靠近道路最近的边界点附近的激光点数据作为道路边缘的激光点数据。
当一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据中包含道路边缘的激光点数据时,将这些道路边缘的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序。在排序过程中,可将道路边缘的激光点数据按其对应的左侧道路边缘和右侧道路边缘分别排序,也可以放在一起统一排序。
S730,若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点。
在实际应用场景中,如果上述排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则表征这两个激光点所在位置很可能为道路和道路两侧区域之间的边界,而其中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点很可能对应为道路两侧的路沿石、防护栏、绿化带等高度突发变化的边缘位置,又或者是悬空点。此时可以删除掉相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点,即距离道路较远的那部分道路边缘的激光点数据,保留相邻两个激光点中排序在前及之前的激光点,即距离道路较近的那部分道路边缘的激光点数据,以保证后续处理的数据的质量,同时减少待处理的数据量。
S740,基于该网格中保留的道路边缘的激光点数据,获取道路边缘的一个关键点的激光点数据。
例如,可从该网格中保留的道路边缘的激光点数据中任选一个激光点数据作为关键点的激光点数据,或者当一个网格中被保留的道路边缘的激光点数据有多个时,可基于这多个激光点数据的均值得到道路边缘的一个关键点的激光点数据。比如计算这些激光 点数据中坐标(xyz)的均值,然后以得到的坐标均值作为道路边缘的关键点的激光点数据的坐标。
该实施例在图4a所示实施例基础上,进一步地,通过将道路对象确定为道路边缘,并将道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;当判断一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据包含道路边缘的激光点数据时,则将道路边缘的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序;若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点;最后,基于该网格中保留的道路边缘的激光点数据,获取道路边缘的一个关键点的激光点数据,从而实现方便、快速的获取道路边缘的关键点的激光点数据。
实施例五
如图8a所示,为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图五。本实施例与图4a所示方法的区别在于,本实施例采用了当道路对象是位于道路侧的直立物体时,从道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据的一个优选实施方案。如图8a所示,在方法初始可执行如下步骤:
S412,将激光点云数据划分为道路侧激光点云数据。
本步骤可以为步骤S410中,划分激光点云数据的一种具体划分方式。
S710,将道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中。
其中,预设的网格可以是设置在水平面上的二维网格,根据道路侧激光点云数据与网格的投影关系,可以将所有道路侧激光点云数据划分到不同网格中。
S810,若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据中包含道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,则将道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序。
具体地,可从道路左侧和道路右侧的激光点云数据中提取高度满足预置高度范围内的激光点数据作为道路侧直立物体的激光点数据。
例如,可预先设定一个高度阈值(如大于0.5m且小于2.5m),以清空道路两侧位于该高度阈值以外的激光点云数据,最终剩下的激光点云数据即为挑选出的位于道路侧直立物体的激光点数据。
如图8b所示,为从道路两侧提取的道路两侧直立物体的激光点云数据。
当一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据中包含道路侧直立物体的激光点数据时,将这些道路侧直立物体的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序。在排序过程中,可将道路侧直立物体的激光点数据按其对应的道路左侧直立物体和道路右侧 直立物体分别排序,也可以放在一起统一排序。
S820,若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点。
在实际应用场景中,如果上述排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则表征这两个激光点所在位置很可能为道路侧区域中两个直立物体的边缘,而其中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点很可能对应为杆(路牌、照明灯、红绿灯等的支持杆)、树干、墙体等高度发生突变的位置,又或者是悬空点。此时可以删除掉相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点,保留相邻两个激光点中排序在前及之前的激光点,以保证后续处理的数据的质量,同时减少待处理的数据量。
S830,判断保留的直立物体的激光点数据中的最低高度值是否小于预设的第一高度阈值,最高高度值是否大于预设的第二高度阈值,如果是,则基于该网格中保留的直立物体的激光点数据,获取直立物体的一个关键点的激光点数据。
其中,第一高度阈值小于第二高度阈值。
本步骤是在保留的直立物体的激光点数据中进一步判断这些数据是否满足对应的直立物体仍满足一定高度范围。如果满足,则基于该网格中保留的直立物体的激光点数据,获取直立物体的一个关键点的激光点数据。
例如,可从该网格中保留的直立物体的激光点数据中任选一个激光点数据作为关键点的激光点数据,或者当一个网格中被保留的直立物体的激光点数据有多个时,可基于这多个激光点数据的均值得到直立物体的一个关键点的激光点数据。比如计算这些激光点数据中坐标(xyz)的均值,然后以得到的坐标均值作为直立物体的关键点的激光点数据的坐标。
该实施例在图4a所示实施例基础上,进一步地,通过将道路对象确定为位于道路侧的直立物体,并将道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;当判断一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据包含道路侧直立物体的激光点数据时,则将道路侧直立物体的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序;若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点;最后,判断保留的直立物体的激光点数据中的最低高度值是否小于预设的第一高度阈值,最高高度值是否大于预设的第二高度阈值,如果是,则基于该网格中保留的直立物体的激光点数据,获取直立物体的一个关键点的激光点数据,从而实现方便、快速的获取道路侧直立物体的关键点的激光点数据。
实施例六
如图9a所示,为本发明实施例的待匹配定位数据提取方法流程图六。本实施例与图4a所示方法的区别在于,本实施例采用了当道路对象包括地面标记、道路边缘和位于道路侧的直立物体时,从道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路和道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据的一个优选实施方案。如图9a所示,在方法初始可执行如下步骤:
S413,将激光点云数据划分为道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据。
本步骤可以为步骤S410中,划分激光点云数据的一种具体划分方式。
S910,将道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中。
S920,若一个网格中的道路面激光点云数据包含地面标记的激光点数据,则基于该网格中的地面标记的激光点数据,获取地面标记的一个关键点的激光点数据。
S930,若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据包含道路边缘的激光点数据,则将道路边缘的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序;
S940,若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点。
S950,基于该网格中保留的道路边缘的激光点数据,获取道路边缘的一个关键点的激光点数据。
S960,若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据中包含道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,则将道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序。
S970,若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点。
S980,判断保留的直立物体的激光点数据中的最低高度值是否小于预设的第一高度阈值,最高高度值是否大于预设的第二高度阈值,如果是,则基于该网格中保留的直立物体的激光点数据,获取直立物体的一个关键点的激光点数据。
步骤S910~S960的具体内容可参见图6、图7a、图8a中相似步骤的内容,在此不做赘述。
在实际应用场景中,为了减少所提取的道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据中的悬空点、杂散点,可以在得到激光点云数据后,先滤除这些激光点云数据中的悬空点,以使滤除后的激光点云数据尽可能对应的都是真实有效的环境数据。例如,可将道 路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据划分到网格中后按激光点的高度值进行排序,滤除网格内的悬空点,仅保留从道路面连续向上的实体点。该处理过程可有效滤除如树木主杆之外的树枝等悬空物的激光点数据。.
综上,如图9b所示,为从车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据中提取出的地面标记、道路边缘以及位于道路侧直立物体的关键点的激光点云示意图。
该实施例在图4a所示实施例基础上,进一步地,通过将道路对象确定为道路上的地面标记、道路边缘和位于道路侧的直立物体,将道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;并基于网格中的地面标记的激光点数据、道路边缘的激光点数据,位于道路侧的直立物体的激光点数据分别获取相应道路对象的一个关键点的激光点数据,从而实现方便、快速的获取地面标记、道路边缘和位于道路侧的直立物体的关键点的激光点数据。
实施例七
如图10所示,为本发明实施例的车辆的采样位置获取方法流程图一。本实施例可作为图3a所示方法中,基于上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置的一个优选实施方案。如图10所示,上述步骤S350可具体包括如下步骤:
S101,从上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置中,提取车辆在相应采样位置的概率大于概率阈值的第一采样位置。
具体地,可以在计算上一时刻车辆在各采样位置的概率的结果中,选择概率值大于预设的概率阈值的采样位置,作为第一采样位置,这些第一采样位置相对于其他采样位置,车辆出现在该采样位置的概率会更高。
S103针对第一采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置。
基于第一采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动所产生的本时刻车辆的采样位置相对其他采样位置来说更贴近车辆的真实位置,从而正准确、快速的车辆进行高精定位。另外,在本实施例中,为了维持各时刻所使用的采样位置的数量,如图10所示,还可以在步骤S101之后,S103之前执行如下步骤:
S102,选取第一采样位置附近的多个位置点作为追加的第一采样位置。
在从上一时刻所使用的车辆的一个以上的采样位置中选择出部分采样位置作为第一采样位置用于本时刻车辆的采样位置后,虽然提高了本时刻采样位置的准确度,但是采 样位置的数量会有所减少,为了本时刻车辆的采样位置的数量不变,或者维持在第一水平,可以在每次提取出第一采样位置后,在第一采样位置的附近选取多个位置点作为追加的第一采样位置。由于追加的第一采样位置位于原第一采样位置的附近,所以仍可保证这些采样位置的准确度。
该实施例在图3a所示实施例基础上,进一步地,通过从上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置中,提取车辆在相应采样位置的概率大于概率阈值的第一采样位置;并针对第一采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,从而实现方便、快速的获取本时刻所使用的车辆的多个采样位置,并保证采样位置的准确度。另外,通过选取第一采样位置附近的多个位置点作为追加的第一采样位置,可以维持第一采样位置的数目在一定水平,同时保证采样位置的准确度。
实施例八
如图11所示,为本发明实施例的定位方法流程图二。本实施例与图3a至图10中任一种所示定位方法的区别在于,本实施例采用了将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率的一个优选实施方案。如图11所示,以图3a为例,在步骤S360之后可执行如下步骤:
S111将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据中所属同一类型的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率。
具体地,在将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配时,可以按照定位数据中包含的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据的类型分类进行匹配。比如,道路对象均为道路上的地面标记的关键点的激光点数据之间、道路对象均为道路边缘的关键点的激光点数据之间、道路对象均为位于道路侧的直立物体的关键点的激光点数据之间分别进行匹配,从而提高匹配结果的准确度。基于匹配结果得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,可以提高车辆位于每个采样位置的概率的准确度。
进一步地,如图12所示,为本发明实施例的定位方法流程图三。本实施例与图3a至图10中任一种所示定位方法的区别在于,本实施例采用了将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率的一个优选实施方案。如图12所示,在步骤S360之后可执行如下步骤:
S121将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点的激光点数据与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,计算转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点为同一位置点的概率。
对于每一个车辆可能出现的采样位置,需要计算车辆在该采样位置出现的概率,该概率可对应为的转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点的激光点数据与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点的激光点数据为同一位置点的匹配。
具体地,针对转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中每一个关键点的激光点云数据,在标准定位数据中找到距离该关键点的激光点云数据空间距离最近的标准定位数据中的关键点的激光点云数据,设这两个关键点的激光点云坐标之差为Δx,Δy,Δz。假定标准定位数据中的每一个关键点的激光点云数据服从均值为
Figure PCTCN2019114961-appb-000004
方差为
Figure PCTCN2019114961-appb-000005
的三维正态分布。那么每一个待匹配定位数据的关键点的激光点云数据P相对于标准定位数据中距离其最近的关键点的激光点云数据的分布概率为:
Figure PCTCN2019114961-appb-000006
S122根据同一采样位置对应的所有转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点为同一位置点的概率得到车辆位于该采样位置的概率。
例如,对于一组车辆的采样位置的数目为500,待匹配定位数据的关键点的激光点云数据的数目为1000的样本空间,如果针对每一个采样位置对应的待匹配定位数据的关键点的激光点云数据,距离该激光点云数据最近的标准定位数据中的关键点的激光点数据为{P 1,P 2,...,P N},N为1000,那么可以得到车辆在每个采样位置的概率为:
Figure PCTCN2019114961-appb-000007
通过以上过程可以计算出车辆在每个采样位置的概率。
该实施例在图3a至图10所示实施例基础上,进一步地,通过将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据中所属同一类型的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,从而在匹配关键点的激光点数据过程中,保证在同一类型的道路对象之间进行比较,以提高匹配结果的准确率,进而提高车辆位于每个采样位置的概率的准确率。
另外,通过将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点的激光点数据与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,计算转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点为同一位置点的概率;根据同一采样位置对应的所有转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点 为同一位置点的概率得到车辆位于该采样位置的概率,可以实现对车辆在每个采样位置的概率进行量化计算,同时提高计算结果的准确性。
在实际应用场景中,图11和图12所示的方法步骤可以相结合的在执行一次定位方法中完成。
另外,传统的基于激光点云的定位方法中,所使用的标准定位数据主要采用如下方法获得,包括:
激光点云三维空间抽稀:原始的激光点云数据量较大,通过将三维空间划分为若干大小的栅格(如10x10x10cm),在每个栅格内存储一个激光点实现降低激光点云数据量;
激光点云地面抽稀:首先从原始点云中提取地面,再将地面点云在二维空间栅格化,每个栅格内仅存储地面点云反射率的统计信息;
激光点云道路两侧抽稀:首先生成道路参考线,然后将激光点云垂直于参考线向道路两侧投影,在一定高度范围内仅保留距离参考线最近的激光点,对激光点进行栅格化后在定位图层中存储每个栅格。
但是这些方法都存在一定缺陷:
第一种方案数据量过大,不利于存储及匹配定位;环境中的某些数据(如灌木,树枝等)会随着时间、季节及气候变化,难以有效定位。
第二种方案仅保留地面激光点云反射率,在地面有积水或积雪的情况下,难以精准的获取地面反射率,无法进行匹配定位。
第二种方案依赖于参考线,生成地图环节过多;道路两侧部分激光点云(如灌木,树枝等)会随时间、季节及气候变化,难以有效定位;同时由于该方案仅存储道路两侧数据,若自动驾驶汽车两侧有其他车辆会对定位结果产生影响。
本发明提供的定位方法所采用的标准定位数据的获取过程,弥补了现有方法中的缺陷,采用道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象作为道路对象,并提取这些道路对象的关键点的激光点数据作为道路的定位数据。这些道路对象一般不会因为环境变化或者随着时间的推移而发生变化,而定位是将车辆行驶过程实时获取的环境信息与定位数据进行匹配,从而确定车辆的位置,因此,提取道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据作为定位数据能够保证定位成功率。同时,本发明仅提取关键点的激光点数据,所以数据量较少,方便存储和传输,在后期对车辆进行高精定位时,也可减少计算量,提高定位效率。
实施例九
如图13所示,为本发明实施例的定位装置结构图一,该定位装置可设置在图2所示的定位系统中,用于执行如图3a所示的方法步骤,其包括:
GNSS定位位置获取模块131,用于获取车辆的GNSS定位位置;
标准定位数据获取模块132,用于基于车辆的GNSS定位位置,从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据,标准定位数据包括道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
激光点云数据获取模块133,用于获取车辆的激光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据;
待匹配定位数据提取模块134,用于从激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据,待匹配定位数据包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
采样位置获取模块135,用于基于上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置;
定位数据转换模块136,用于基于本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中;
定位数据匹配模块137,用于将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率;
高精定位模块138,用于基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。
进一步地,如图14所示,上述定位装置中,待匹配定位数据提取模块134可包括:
待匹配定位数据划分单元141,用于将激光点云数据划分为道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据;
待匹配定位数据提取单元142,用于从道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路和/或道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据。
图14所示待匹配定位数据提取模块可用于执行图4a所示方法步骤。
进一步地,如图15所示,在图14所示结构基础上,上述定位装置还可包括:
路面拟合模块151,用于根据道路面激光点云数据,拟合出道路的道路面;
数据修正模块152,用于基于拟合出的道路面,将道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据的高度值修正为相对于道路面的高度值。
图15所示装置结构可用于执行图5所示方法步骤。
进一步地,如图16所示,在图14或图15所示结构基础上,上述道路对象可以是道路上的地面标记,则待匹配定位数据提取模块134可包括:
路面数据划分单元161,用于按照预设的网格大小,将道路面激光点云数据划分到网格中;
路面数据获取单元162,用于若一个网格中的道路面激光点云数据包含地面标记的激光点数据,则基于该网格中的地面标记的激光点数据,获取地面标记的一个关键点的激光点数据。
图16所示待匹配定位数据提取模块可用于执行图6所示方法步骤。
进一步地,如图17所示,在图14或图15所示结构基础上,上述道路对象可以是道路边缘,则待匹配定位数据提取模块134可包括:
道路侧数据划分单元171,用于将道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;
道路边缘数据排序单元172,用于若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据包含道路边缘的激光点数据,则将道路边缘的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序;
道路边缘数据删除单元173,用于若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点;
道路边缘数据获取单元174,用于基于该网格中保留的道路边缘的激光点数据,获取道路边缘的一个关键点的激光点数据。
图17所示待匹配定位数据提取模块可用于执行图7a所示方法步骤。
进一步地,如图18所示,在图14或图15所示结构基础上,上述道路对象可以是位于道路侧的直立物体,则待匹配定位数据提取模块134可包括:
道路侧数据划分单元171,用于将道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;
直立物体数据排序单元181,用于若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据中包含道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,则将道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序;
直立物体数据删除单元182,用于若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点;
直立物体数据获取单元183,用于判断保留的直立物体的激光点数据中的最低高度 值是否小于预设的第一高度阈值,最高高度值是否大于预设的第二高度阈值,如果是,则基于该网格中保留的直立物体的激光点数据,获取直立物体的一个关键点的激光点数据。
图18所示待匹配定位数据提取模块可用于执行图8a所示方法步骤。
进一步地,如图19所示,在图14或图15所示结构基础上,上述道路对象可以包括地面标记、道路边缘和位于道路侧的直立物体,则待匹配定位数据提取模块134可包括:
道路面及道路侧数据划分单元191,用于将道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;
路面数据单元192,用于若一个网格中的道路面激光点云数据包含地面标记的激光点数据,则基于该网格中的地面标记的激光点数据,获取地面标记的一个关键点的激光点数据;
道路边缘数据单元193,用于若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据包含道路边缘的激光点数据,则将道路边缘的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序,若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点,基于该网格中保留的道路边缘的激光点数据,获取道路边缘的一个关键点的激光点数据;
直立物体数据单元194,用于若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据中包含道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,则将道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序,若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点,判断保留的直立物体的激光点数据中的最低高度值是否小于预设的第一高度阈值,最高高度值是否大于预设的第二高度阈值,如果是,则基于该网格中保留的直立物体的激光点数据,获取直立物体的一个关键点的激光点数据。
图19所示待匹配定位数据提取模块可用于执行图9a所示方法步骤。
进一步地,上述车辆在初始时刻的采样位置可为从初始时刻车辆的GNSS定位位置所在的定位区域中选取的一个以上的位置点。
进一步地,如图20所示,上述定位装置中,采样位置获取模块135可包括:
第一采样位置提取单元201,用于从上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置中,提取车辆在相应采样位置的概率大于概率阈值的第一采样位置;
采样位置获取单元203,用于针对第一采样位置,前向模拟所述车辆的运动状态, 获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置。
进一步地,在图20所示的采样位置获取模块中,还可包括:
第一采样位置追加单元202,用于选取第一采样位置附近的多个位置点作为追加的第一采样位置。
图20所示采样位置获取模块可用于执行图10所示方法步骤。
进一步地,在上述任一种所示的定位装置中,定位数据匹配模块137具体可用于,
将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据中所属同一类型的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率。
进一步地,如图21所示,上述定位数据匹配模块137可包括:
定位数据匹配单元211,用于将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点的激光点数据与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,计算转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点为同一位置点的概率;
采样位置匹配单元212,用于根据同一采样位置对应的所有转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点为同一位置点的概率得到车辆位于该采样位置的概率。
图21所示的定位数据匹配模块可用于执行图11、图12所示方法中的步骤S111以及S121~S122的内容。
进一步地,上述高精定位模块138可具体用于,
将车辆位于每个采样位置的概率中概率最高的采样位置确定为车辆的高精定位位置;
或者,
以车辆位于每个采样位置的概率作为权重,对相应的各采样位置进行加权计算,并将得到的加权位置确定为车辆的高精定位位置。
本发明提供了一种定位装置,基于获取的车辆的GNSS定位位置,从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据;获取车辆的激光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据,并从激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据;上述标准定位数据以及待匹配定位数据均包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;基于上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,并基于本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将待匹配定位数据转换到标 准定位数据对应的坐标系中;将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率;基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。由于本发明的道路对象是道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象,这些道路对象一般不会因为环境变化或者随着时间的推移而发生变化,因此,提取道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据作为高精定位的匹配对象能够保证定位成功率和准确率。同时,本发明仅提取道路对象的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,所以数据量较少,大大减少了计算量,提高了定位效率。
进一步地,通过将激光点云数据划分为道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据;然后,从道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路和/或道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据,从而实现方便、快速的获取道路对象的关键点的激光点数据,即待匹配定位数据。
另外,在提取道路和/或道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据之前,通过根据道路面激光点云数据,拟合出道路的道路面;并基于拟合出的道路面,将道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据的高度值修正为相对于道路面的高度值,从而保证激光点云数据的高度位置的准确性。
进一步地,通过将道路对象确定为道路上的地面标记,并按照预设的网格大小,将道路面激光点云数据划分到网格中;当判断一个网格中的道路面激光点云数据包含地面标记的激光点数据时,则基于该网格中的地面标记的激光点数据,获取地面标记的一个关键点的激光点数据,从而实现方便、快速的获取地面标记的关键点的激光点数据。
进一步地,通过将道路对象确定为道路边缘,并将道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;当判断一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据包含道路边缘的激光点数据时,则将道路边缘的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序;若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点;最后,基于该网格中保留的道路边缘的激光点数据,获取道路边缘的一个关键点的激光点数据,从而实现方便、快速的获取道路边缘的关键点的激光点数据。
进一步地,通过将道路对象确定为位于道路侧的直立物体,并将道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;当判断一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据包含道路侧直立物体的激光点数据时,则将道路侧直立物体的激光点数据按照激光点数据中 的高度值由小到大的顺序排序;若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点;最后,判断保留的直立物体的激光点数据中的最低高度值是否小于预设的第一高度阈值,最高高度值是否大于预设的第二高度阈值,如果是,则基于该网格中保留的直立物体的激光点数据,获取直立物体的一个关键点的激光点数据,从而实现方便、快速的获取道路侧直立物体的关键点的激光点数据。
进一步地,通过将道路对象确定为道路上的地面标记、道路边缘和位于道路侧的直立物体,将道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;并基于网格中的地面标记的激光点数据、道路边缘的激光点数据,位于道路侧的直立物体的激光点数据分别获取相应道路对象的一个关键点的激光点数据,从而实现方便、快速的获取地面标记、道路边缘和位于道路侧的直立物体的关键点的激光点数据。
进一步地,通过从上一时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置中,提取车辆在相应采样位置的概率大于概率阈值的第一采样位置;并针对第一采样位置,前向模拟车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,从而实现方便、快速的获取本时刻所使用的车辆的多个采样位置,并保证采样位置的准确度。另外,通过选取第一采样位置附近的多个位置点作为追加的第一采样位置,可以维持第一采样位置的数目在一定水平,同时保证采样位置的准确度。
进一步地,通过将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据中所属同一类型的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,从而在匹配关键点的激光点数据过程中,保证在同一类型的道路对象之间进行比较,以提高匹配结果的准确率,进而提高车辆位于每个采样位置的概率的准确率。
另外,通过将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点的激光点数据与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,计算转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点为同一位置点的概率;根据同一采样位置对应的所有转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点与标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点为同一位置点的概率得到车辆位于该采样位置的概率,可以实现对车辆在每个采样位置的概率进行量化计算,同时提高计算结果的准确性。
实施例十
前面描述了定位装置的整体架构,该装置的功能可借助一种电子设备实现完成,如图22所示,其为本发明实施例的电子设备的结构示意图,具体包括:存储器221和处理 器222。
存储器221,用于存储程序。
除上述程序之外,存储器221还可被配置为存储其它各种数据以支持在电子设备上的操作。这些数据的示例包括用于在电子设备上操作的任何应用程序或方法的指令,联系人数据,电话簿数据,消息,图片,视频等。
存储器221可以由任何类型的易失性或非易失性存储设备或者它们的组合实现,如静态随机存取存储器(SRAM),电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM),可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM),可编程只读存储器(PROM),只读存储器(ROM),磁存储器,快闪存储器,磁盘或光盘。
处理器222,耦合至存储器221,用于执行存储器221中的程序,所述程序运行时执行图3a至图12中任意一种定位方法。
上述的具体处理操作已经在前面实施例中进行了详细说明,在此不再赘述。
进一步,如图22所示,电子设备还可以包括:通信组件223、电源组件224、音频组件225、显示器226等其它组件。图22中仅示意性给出部分组件,并不意味着电子设备只包括图22所示组件。
通信组件223被配置为便于电子设备和其他设备之间有线或无线方式的通信。电子设备可以接入基于通信标准的无线网络,如WiFi,2G或3G,或它们的组合。在一个示例性实施例中,通信组件223经由广播信道接收来自外部广播管理系统的广播信号或广播相关信息。在一个示例性实施例中,通信组件223还包括近场通信(NFC)模块,以促进短程通信。例如,在NFC模块可基于射频识别(RFID)技术,红外数据协会(IrDA)技术,超宽带(UWB)技术,蓝牙(BT)技术和其他技术来实现。
电源组件224,为电子设备的各种组件提供电力。电源组件224可以包括电源管理系统,一个或多个电源,及其他与为电子设备生成、管理和分配电力相关联的组件。
音频组件225被配置为输出和/或输入音频信号。例如,音频组件225包括一个麦克风(MIC),当电子设备处于操作模式,如呼叫模式、记录模式和语音识别模式时,麦克风被配置为接收外部音频信号。所接收的音频信号可以被进一步存储在存储器221或经由通信组件223发送。在一些实施例中,音频组件225还包括一个扬声器,用于输出音频信号。
显示器226包括屏幕,其屏幕可以包括液晶显示器(LCD)和触摸面板(TP)。如果屏幕包括触摸面板,屏幕可以被实现为触摸屏,以接收来自用户的输入信号。触摸面 板包括一个或多个触摸传感器以感测触摸、滑动和触摸面板上的手势。触摸传感器可以不仅感测触摸或滑动动作的边界,而且还检测与触摸或滑动操作相关的持续时间和压力。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解:实现上述各方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成。前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中。该程序在执行时,执行包括上述各方法实施例的步骤;而前述的存储介质包括:ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种定位方法,包括:
    获取车辆的GNSS定位位置;
    基于车辆的GNSS定位位置,从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据,所述标准定位数据包括道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
    获取车辆的激光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据;
    从所述激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据,所述待匹配定位数据包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
    基于上一时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟所述车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置;
    基于本时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将所述待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中;
    将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率;
    基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述从所述激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据包括:
    将所述激光点云数据划分为道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据;
    从所述道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路和/或道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法在提取关键点的激光点数据之前,所述方法进一步包括:
    根据所述道路面激光点云数据,拟合出所述道路的道路面;
    基于拟合出的道路面,将所述道路面激光点云数据和/或道路侧激光点云数据的高度值修正为相对于所述道路面的高度值。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述道路对象是道路上的地面标记,则从所述道路面激光点云数据中,提取道路的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据具体包括:
    按照预设的网格大小,将所述道路面激光点云数据划分到网格中;
    若一个网格中的道路面激光点云数据包含地面标记的激光点数据,则基于该网格中的地面标记的激光点数据,获取所述地面标记的一个关键点的激光点数据。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述道路对象是道路边缘,则从所述道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据具体包括:
    将所述道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;
    若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据包含道路边缘的激光点数据,则将所述道路边缘的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序;
    若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点;
    基于该网格中保留的道路边缘的激光点数据,获取道路边缘的一个关键点的激光点数据。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述道路对象是位于道路侧的直立物体,则从所述道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据具体包括:
    将所述道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;
    若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据中包含道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,则将所述道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序;
    若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点;
    判断保留的直立物体的激光点数据中的最低高度值是否小于预设的第一高度阈值,最高高度值是否大于预设的第二高度阈值,如果是,则基于该网格中保留的直立物体的激光点数据,获取直立物体的一个关键点的激光点数据。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述道路对象包括地面标记、道路边缘和位于道路侧的直立物体,则从所述道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据中,提取道路和道路两侧的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据具体包括:
    将所述道路面激光点云数据和道路侧激光点云数据,按照预设的网格大小划分到网格中;
    若一个网格中的道路面激光点云数据包含地面标记的激光点数据,则基于该网格中 的地面标记的激光点数据,获取所述地面标记的一个关键点的激光点数据;
    若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据包含道路边缘的激光点数据,则将所述道路边缘的激光点数据按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序,若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度值的差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点,基于该网格中保留的道路边缘的激光点数据,获取道路边缘的一个关键点的激光点数据;
    若一个网格中的道路侧激光点云数据中包含道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,则将所述道路侧直立物体的激光点数据,按照激光点数据中的高度值由小到大的顺序排序,若排序后相邻两个激光点的高度差值大于预设的差值阈值,则删除相邻两个激光点中排序在后的激光点及其之后的激光点,判断保留的直立物体的激光点数据中的最低高度值是否小于预设的第一高度阈值,最高高度值是否大于预设的第二高度阈值,如果是,则基于该网格中保留的直立物体的激光点数据,获取直立物体的一个关键点的激光点数据。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率包括:
    将所述转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与所述标准定位数据中所属同一类型的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率包括:
    将所述转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点的激光点数据与所述标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点的激光点数据进行匹配,计算所述转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点与所述标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点为同一位置点的概率;
    根据同一所述采样位置对应的所有所述转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据中的关键点与所述标准定位数据中距离最近的关键点为同一位置点的概率得到车辆位于该采样位置的概率。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置包括:
    将所述车辆位于每个采样位置的概率中概率最高的所述采样位置确定为所述车辆的高精定位位置;
    或者,
    以所述车辆位于每个采样位置的概率作为权重,对相应的各所述采样位置进行加权计算,并将得到的加权位置确定为所述车辆的高精定位位置。
  11. 一种定位装置,包括:
    GNSS定位位置获取模块,用于获取车辆的GNSS定位位置;
    标准定位数据获取模块,用于基于车辆的GNSS定位位置,从预置的标准定位数据中,获取车辆所在道路周边的标准定位数据,所述标准定位数据包括道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
    激光点云数据获取模块,用于获取车辆的激光传感器输出的车辆所在道路周边的激光点云数据;
    待匹配定位数据提取模块,用于从所述激光点云数据中,提取车辆所在道路周边的待匹配定位数据,所述待匹配定位数据包括车辆所在道路上和/或道路两侧易于识别且属性稳定的道路对象的关键点的激光点数据;
    采样位置获取模块,用于基于上一时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,前向模拟所述车辆的运动状态,获取本时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置;
    定位数据转换模块,用于基于本时刻所述车辆所对应的一个以上的采样位置,将所述待匹配定位数据转换到标准定位数据对应的坐标系中;
    定位数据匹配模块,用于将转换坐标系的待匹配定位数据与标准定位数据进行匹配,基于匹配结果,得到车辆位于每个采样位置的概率;
    高精定位模块,用于基于车辆位于每个采样位置的概率,得到车辆的高精定位位置。
  12. 一种电子设备,包括:
    存储器,用于存储程序;
    处理器,耦合至所述存储器,用于执行所述程序,所述程序运行时执行权利要求1-10中任意一项权利要求所述的定位方法。
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