WO2020093418A1 - 热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄 - Google Patents
热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020093418A1 WO2020093418A1 PCT/CN2018/115001 CN2018115001W WO2020093418A1 WO 2020093418 A1 WO2020093418 A1 WO 2020093418A1 CN 2018115001 W CN2018115001 W CN 2018115001W WO 2020093418 A1 WO2020093418 A1 WO 2020093418A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of precision machining, and more specifically, to a hot-mounted super magnetostrictive ultrasonic tool holder.
- ultrasonic machining is an effective method for processing brittle and hard materials, and giant magnetostrictive materials have the advantages of large energy density, high stability, and good thermal conductivity.
- Sexual ultrasonic processing is possible.
- Ultrasonic processing can effectively improve the processing efficiency and processing quality. It has been widely used in the development of rotary ultrasonic processing systems, but for the stability of ultrasonic processing, there are still many problems to be solved urgently.
- the workpiece load will not only affect the system resonance state, but also affect the prestressed state of the ultrasonic vibrator through the reaction force of the load, which directly leads to the system resistance
- the load capacity is reduced and the ultrasound is suppressed; at the same time, the coaxiality installation of the ultrasonic tool holder will also greatly affect the machining accuracy.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a hot-mounted super magnetostrictive ultrasonic tool holder to solve the problem of improper design of the ultrasonic tool holder in the prior art that affects processing accuracy.
- a hot-mounted super magnetostrictive ultrasonic tool holder, the ultrasonic retractable tool holder includes:
- the tool holder housing is provided with a first central hole
- a transducer which is arranged in the first central hole and clearance-matched with the inner wall of the tool holder housing;
- a horn made of magnetically permeable stainless steel, the horn is arranged in the first central hole and the horn is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the first central hole, one end of the horn Connected to the transducer, the end face of the horn that is in contact with the transducer is set at the maximum amplitude surface of the transducer that generates vibration, and the horn is produced by the transducer
- a cone surface structure is provided at the minimum amplitude surface of vibration
- the tool holder housing is correspondingly provided with a tapered hole matching the cone surface structure at the minimum amplitude surface, and the cone surface structure of the horn Pressing in the tapered hole so that the horn and the holder housing are in contact and connected here, the tapered hole communicates with the first central hole, the other of the horn
- a tool mounting hole is provided at the center of one end; and
- the cutter is made of cemented carbide material, and the cutter is hot-installed and fastened in the cutter installation hole.
- the tool holder housing further has a second center hole, the second center hole is disposed on an end side of the tapered hole away from the first center hole, and the ultrasonic telescopic tool holder further includes a lock A pressing block, the locking pressing block has an axial through hole, and the axial through hole of the locking pressing block passes through the other end of the horn and is fixed in the second central hole and is The end face of the locking pressing block close to the transducer abuts the horn to lock the horn in the tool holder housing.
- the inner wall of the axial through hole is not in contact with the horn.
- the radial end surface of the locking pressing block does not contact the radial end surface of the tool holder housing.
- the locking pressure block and the tool holder housing are connected by a thread, and the rotation direction of the thread is consistent with the turning direction of the machine tool spindle.
- the transducer includes:
- a pre-tightening pressure block which is arranged in the first central hole and does not contact the inner wall of the tool holder housing;
- a vibrating body which includes an ultrasonic vibrator and an excitation structure sheathed outside the ultrasonic vibrator, and an end surface of one end of the ultrasonic vibrator abuts against an end surface of the pretensioning pressing block close to the horn;
- the output sleeve includes a cylindrical body and a connecting body provided at the central position of the cylindrical body, the cylindrical body extends in the direction of the pre-tensioned pressure block and is connected to the pre-tensioned pressure block by fasteners,
- the vibrating body is accommodated in the cylindrical body, the end face of the connecting body away from the pre-tensioning pressure block abuts the end face of the horn near the pre-tensioning pressure block, and the connecting body is The end surface contacted by the horn is set on the maximum amplitude surface.
- a first stepped surface that cooperates with an end of the ultrasonic vibrator away from the preload pressure block is provided on a center position of the end surface of the connecting body close to the preload pressure block.
- the ultrasonic vibrator and the first step surface A step surface abuts.
- an extension part extending toward the horn is also provided on the connecting body, and a second step cooperating with the extension part is provided at a center position of an end of the horn close to the pre-tensioning pressing block Surface, the extension portion and the second stepped surface are connected by screws.
- the horn includes a rod body, a connecting piece provided on the outer peripheral wall of the rod body, and a tapered cylinder provided on the connecting piece and extending toward the direction of the transducer, the outer periphery of the tapered cylinder The surface is in contact connection with the tapered hole.
- the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
- the present invention fully considers the force transmission characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive material under load during processing, and designs the nodal conical connection structure of the horn to ensure that the prestressed state of the ultrasonic vibrator is not affected by the load impact and improve the giant magnetostriction Ultrasonic processing load resistance and assembly effect;
- the conical surface positioning structure of the horn designed by the present invention and the second stepped surface connected to the output sleeve both ensure the coaxiality in the ultrasonic processing, reduce the influence of the coaxiality of the combined face, and improve Installation accuracy and assembly efficiency;
- the contact surface between the horn and the transducer is set at the maximum output amplitude surface, which improves the output efficiency of vibration;
- the ultrasonic machining process of multiple tools can be studied without disassembling other structures, which improves the efficiency of ultrasonic tool replacement and improves the research conditions of ultrasonic machining process;
- the super magnetostrictive ultrasonic tool holder of the present invention adopts an integrated and fully enclosed design appearance, the structure is compact, and the core components of the device are effectively prevented from being damaged by dust and particles during processing;
- the model established by the present invention can further explore the influence of the load on the ultrasonic processing by changing the process parameters, and can be used in experiments that explore the resistance of different ultrasonic processing processes to the load.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hot-mounted super magnetostrictive ultrasonic tool holder according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of a hot-mounted super magnetostrictive ultrasonic tool holder according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a full cross-sectional front view of an output sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of a full section of a horn according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the size design of a transducer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a hot-mounted super magnetostrictive ultrasonic tool holder, which mainly includes a tool holder housing 1, a transducer, a horn 3, and a tool 4.
- the tool holder housing 1 is a hollow housing, and a first central hole 10 is provided therein.
- the transducer is accommodated in the first central hole 10 and it is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the holder housing 1.
- the transducer includes a pre-tensioned pressure block 20, a vibrating body 21, and an output sleeve 22.
- the pre-tightening pressure block 20 is disposed in the first central hole 10 and does not contact the inner wall of the tool holder housing 1, thereby eliminating its influence on the pre-tightening state of the vibrating body 21.
- the pre-tensioned pressing block 20 includes a first cylinder 201, a second cylinder 202 and a third cylinder 203 connected in sequence, wherein the first cylinder 201, the second cylinder 202 and The diameter of the third cylinder 203 gradually decreases; of course, the pre-tensioning pressure block 20 can also be other structures that facilitate pre-tensioning and connection.
- the vibrating body 21 includes an ultrasonic vibrator 210 and an excitation structure 211 sheathed outside the ultrasonic vibrator 210.
- the excitation structure 211 provides the ultrasonic vibrator 210 with an ultrasonic frequency alternating magnetic field, thereby generating ultrasonic frequency mechanical vibration.
- the lower end surface of the third cylinder on the pretensioning pressure block 20 abuts on the upper end surface of the ultrasonic vibrator 210, thereby pretensioning the ultrasonic vibrator 210.
- the output sleeve 22 is also disposed in the first central hole 10 and does not contact the inner wall of the tool holder housing 1 to prevent the ultrasonic vibrator 210 from being impacted by a load during processing.
- the output sleeve 22 includes a cylindrical body 220 and a connecting body 221 provided at the central position of the cylindrical body 220.
- the cylindrical body 220 extends toward the direction of the preloading block 20, and the upper end surface of the cylindrical body 220 is fixedly connected to the first cylinder 200 on the preloading block 20 along the circumferential direction by a plurality of screws.
- the outer peripheral surface of the second cylinder 201 is in contact connection.
- Both ends of the connecting body 221 are respectively connected to the ultrasonic vibrator 210 and the horn 3, wherein the first step surface (not shown in the figure) of the upper end surface of the connecting body 221 is provided at the center of the lower end of the ultrasonic vibrator 210 ),
- the lower end surface of the ultrasonic vibrator 210 is in contact with the first step surface of the connecting body 221 to centrally position the ultrasonic vibrator 210, thereby ensuring the coaxiality of the two and preventing the deviation from affecting the work during the working process effect.
- the vibrating body 21 is wrapped in the cylindrical body 220 of the output sleeve 22, which can prevent other external substances from affecting the work of the vibrating body.
- the horn 3 is made of magnetically conductive stainless steel material.
- the stainless steel material has good rust resistance. After multiple sintering, the surface is not easy to fall off and will not affect the accuracy. And because it has magnetic permeability, it is convenient for non-contact electromagnetic induction heating. Therefore, it is convenient for the tool 4 to be hot-mounted and fastened on it.
- the horn 3 is disposed in the first central hole 10 and its lower end protrudes from the shank housing 1.
- the horn 3 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the first central hole 10.
- the horn 3 includes a rod body 30, a connecting piece 31 provided on the outer peripheral wall of the rod body 30, and a tapered cylinder 32 provided on the upper end surface of the connecting piece 31 and extending toward the transducer.
- the upper end surface of the rod body 30 abuts the lower end surface of the connecting body 221 of the output sleeve 22; in order to make the vibration output more efficient, the contact surface between the upper end surface of the horn 3 and the lower end surface of the connecting body 221 is set at the output amplitude At the maximum surface.
- a second step surface 33 is provided at the center of the upper end surface of the horn 3, and correspondingly, an extension portion 222 is provided on the lower end surface of the connecting body 221, and the extension portion 222 is limited in the second step surface 33, so Can ensure the coaxiality of the two, improve the ultrasonic machining installation accuracy and assembly efficiency; in addition, in order to make the connection between the two more stable, the inner wall of the second step surface 33 is provided with a section of internal thread, the outer periphery of the extension 222 A section of external threads matching the internal threads is also provided on the surface so that the horn 3 and the extension 222 are connected by threads. The radial end surface of the extension portion 222 and the radial end surface of the second step surface 33 are not in contact, thereby preventing vibration from being attenuated during transmission.
- the tool holder housing 1 is provided with a tapered hole 11 at the lower end of the first central hole 10.
- the position and shape of the tapered hole 11 correspond to the tapered cylinder 32 on the horn 3 so that the horn 3
- the tapered cylinder 32 is just fastened in the tapered hole 11 so as to ensure the coaxiality of the horn 3 and the tool holder housing 1.
- the contact surface of the tapered cylinder 32 and the tapered hole 11 is set at the output amplitude minimum surface (ie, the nodal surface), which also avoids the processing load on the ultrasonic vibrator 211
- the pre-tightening state has a direct effect, which improves the load resistance of ultrasonic machining.
- the diameter of the tapered hole 11 gradually increases with distance from the transducer, so as to facilitate the processing of the tapered hole 11.
- the radial end face of the horn 3 does not contact with the radial end face of the tool holder housing 1 to avoid affecting the vibration transmission effect.
- a cutter mounting hole 34 is provided at the center of the lower end of the horn 3.
- the tool 4 needs to have a material with a small thermal expansion relative to the material used for the horn 3 and has a high hardness. Therefore, in the present invention, a hard alloy material is used for the tool 4.
- the tool 4 is fastened in the tool mounting hole 34 by hot fitting and protrudes from the tool holder housing 1.
- the cutter 4 may be a sharp knife and disc cutter structure used for dry cutting of KDP or paper-based honeycomb materials, or a diamond grinding head, drill bit, milling cutter, etc. used for metal processing.
- the locking pressing block 5 is further included, and the locking pressing block 5 has an axial through hole 50 at the center position.
- the tool holder housing 1 is also provided with a second central hole 12 which is provided at the lower end of the tapered hole 11.
- the axial through hole 50 of the locking pressing block 5 is disposed in the second center hole 12 through the lower end of the horn 3 and the upper end surface of the locking pressing block 5 abuts the lower end surface of the connecting piece 31, thereby changing the amplitude
- the tapered cylinder 32 of the rod 3 is locked in the tapered hole 11 of the tool holder housing 1, which further ensures the coaxiality of the horn 3 and the tool holder housing 1, thereby improving the installation accuracy.
- the locking pressing block 5 and the inner wall of the second central hole 12 are connected by a screw thread, and the rotation direction of the screw thread is consistent with the turning direction of the machine tool spindle to prevent the locking pressing block 5 from loosening during processing.
- the radial end face of the locking pressing block 5 after being fastened with the tool holder housing 1 does not contact the end face of the tool holder housing 1 in the radial direction, preventing vibration from being attenuated.
- an opening can be provided on the peripheral surface of the locking pressing block, so that the tool is inserted into the opening to screw the locking pressing block 5; or at the lower end of the locking pressing block 5
- a small-diameter clamping block is provided to facilitate clamping by an adjustable wrench.
- the size of the transducer of the present invention can be designed with reference to the following model:
- the transducer includes a pre-tensioned pressure block 20, an excitation structure 211, an ultrasonic vibrator 210, and an output sleeve 22.
- the preloading block 20, the ultrasonic vibrator 210, and the output sleeve 22 are equivalent to three equal cross-section cylinders in contact with each other.
- Z n the acoustic impedance
- Z n ⁇ n c n S n
- ⁇ n the density of the material
- c n the speed of sound wave propagation in the material
- S n the cross-sectional area
- a, b, c, d represent The equivalent length of each part
- k 1 , k 2 , k 3 , and k 4 represent the wave number.
- the end surface of the output sleeve 22 in contact with the hot-mounted horn 3 is the surface with the largest output amplitude.
- the pitch size of the horn 3 can be designed with reference to the above model.
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Abstract
一种热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，包括：刀柄壳体（1），设置有第一中心孔（10）；换能器，设置在第一中心孔（10）内且与刀柄壳体（1）内壁间隙配合；变幅杆（3），由导磁不锈钢制成，变幅杆（3）与换能器连接，变幅杆（3）与换能器接触的端面设置在振动的振幅最大值面处，变幅杆（3）在振幅最小值面处设置有锥面结构（32），刀柄壳体（1）对应地设置有与锥面结构配合的锥形孔（11），变幅杆（3）的锥面结构（32）压紧于锥形孔（11）中，变幅杆（3）远离换能器的一端中心位置上具有刀具安装孔（34）；以及刀具（4），由硬质合金制成，且热装紧固在刀具安装孔（34）内。该变幅杆（3）与刀柄壳体（1）在节面的锥形固定结构，保证安装的同轴度和超声振子预紧状态不受负载冲击作用，提高超磁致伸缩超声加工系统的抗负载能力。
Description
本发明涉及精密加工技术领域，更为具体地，涉及一种热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄。
根据大量理论与实验研究表明，超声加工是一种加工脆硬材料的有效方法，而超磁致伸缩材料由于其具有能量密度大、稳定性高、导热性好等优点，使得大功率、高稳定性的超声加工成为可能。超声加工可以有效地提高加工效率与加工质量，目前已广泛应用于旋转超声加工系统的研制，但针对超声加工稳定性问题，仍然存在许多问题亟待解决。
在进行难加工材料的超声加工过程中，如果超声刀柄结构设计不当，工件负载不仅会影响到系统谐振状态，同时也会通过负载的反作用力对超声振子预紧状态产生影响，直接导致系统抗负载能力下降，超声被抑制；同时，超声刀柄的同轴度安装问题，也会很大程度上影响加工精度。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，以解决现有技术中超声刀柄设计不当而影响加工精度的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明通过以下的技术方案来实现的：
一种热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，所述超声伸缩刀柄包括：
刀柄壳体，其内设置有第一中心孔；
换能器，其设置在所述第一中心孔内且与所述刀柄壳体内壁间隙配合；
变幅杆，其由导磁不锈钢制成，所述变幅杆设置在所述第一中心孔中且所述变幅杆与所述第一中心孔内壁间隙配合，所述变幅杆的一端与所述换能器连接，所述变幅杆与所述换能器接触的端面设置在所述换能器产生振动的振幅最大值面处，所述变幅杆在所述换能器产生振动的振幅最小值面处设置 有锥面结构，所述刀柄壳体对应地在振幅最小值面处设置有与所述锥面结构配合的锥形孔，所述变幅杆的锥面结构压紧于所述锥形孔中以使得所述变幅杆与所述刀柄壳体在此处接触连接，所述锥形孔与所述第一中心孔连通，所述变幅杆的另一端中心位置上设置有刀具安装孔；以及
刀具，其由硬质合金材料制成，所述刀具热装紧固在所述刀具安装孔内。
进一步地，所述刀柄壳体上还具有第二中心孔，所述第二中心孔设置在所述锥形孔远离所述第一中心孔的端侧，所述超声伸缩刀柄还包括锁紧压块，所述锁紧压块具有轴向通孔，所述锁紧压块的轴向通孔穿过所述变幅杆的所述另一端固定在所述第二中心孔中且所述锁紧压块靠近所述换能器的端面与所述变幅杆相抵靠以将所述变幅杆锁紧在所述刀柄壳体内。
进一步地，所述轴向通孔的内壁与所述变幅杆不接触。
进一步地，所述锁紧压块径向上的端面与所述刀柄壳体径向上的端面不接触。
进一步地，所述锁紧压块与所述刀柄壳体通过螺纹连接，所述螺纹的旋向与机床主轴转向一致。
进一步地，所述换能器包括：
预紧压块，其设置在所述第一中心孔内且与所述刀柄壳体内壁不接触；
振动体，其包括超声振子和套设在所述超声振子外的励磁结构，所述超声振子一端的端面与所述预紧压块靠近所述变幅杆的端面相抵靠；以及
输出套筒，其包括圆筒体和设置在圆筒体中心位置上的连接体，所述圆筒体向所述预紧压块方向延伸且与所述预紧压块通过紧固件连接，所述振动体容置在所述圆筒体中，所述连接体远离所述预紧压块的端面与所述变幅杆靠近所述预紧压块的端面相抵靠，所述连接体与所述变幅杆接触的端面设置在振幅最大值面上。
进一步地，所述连接体靠近所述预紧压块的端面中心位置上设置有与所述超声振子远离所述预紧压块的一端配合的第一台阶面，所述超声振子与所述第一台阶面相靠接。
进一步地，所述连接体上还设置有朝向变幅杆延伸的延伸部，所述变幅杆靠近所述预紧压块的一端的中心位置上设置有与所述延伸部配合的第二台阶面，所述延伸部与所述第二台阶面通过螺纹连接。
进一步地，所述延伸部径向上的端面与第二台阶面径向上的端面均不接触。
进一步地，所述变幅杆包括杆体、设置在所述杆体外周壁上的连接片以及设置在所述连接片上且朝向所述换能器方向延伸的锥形筒，所述锥形筒的外周面与所述锥形孔接触连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明充分考虑超磁致伸缩材料在加工中受负载的力传递特性，设计变幅杆的节面锥形连接结构，保证超声振子预紧状态不受负载冲击作用，提高超磁致伸缩超声加工的抗负载能力和装配效果；
2、本发明设计的变幅杆的锥面定位结构以及其与输出套筒定位连接的第二台阶面，均保证了超声加工中的同轴度，降低结合面对同轴度的影响，提高安装精度与装配效率；
3、变幅杆与换能器的接触面设置在输出振幅最大值面处，提高了振动的输出效率；
4、本发明可以在不拆卸其他结构的前提下进行多种刀具的超声加工工艺研究，提高了超声加工更换刀具的效率，改善了超声加工工艺研究条件；
5、由于本发明的超磁致伸缩超声刀柄采用集成一体式的全封闭设计外观，结构紧凑，有效地避免了加工过程中灰尘、颗粒等因素损坏装置的核心构件；
6、本发明建立的模型可以通过改变工艺参数，进一步探究负载对超声加工的影响规律，可在探究不同超声加工工艺对负载抗性的实验中使用。
为了实现上述以及相关目的，本发明的一个或多个方面包括后面将详细说明特别指出的特征。下面的说明以及附图详细说明了本发明的某些示例性方面。然而，这些方面指示的仅仅是可使用本发明的原理的各种方式中的一些方式。此外，本发明旨在包括所有这些方面以及它们的等同物。
通过参考以下结合附图的说明内容，并且随着对本发明的更全面理解，本发明的其它目的及结果将更加明白及易于理解。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明实施例的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明实施例的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄全剖主视图；
图3是根据本发明实施例的输出套筒的全剖主视图；
图4是根据本发明实施例的变幅杆的全剖主视图；
图5是根据本发明实施例的换能器尺寸设计示意图。
在所有附图中相同的标号指示相似或相应的特征或功能。
以下将结合附图对本发明的具体实施例进行详细描述。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“横向”、“纵向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，并不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
如图1-图4共同所示，本发明提供了一种热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，主要包括刀柄壳体1、换能器、变幅杆3以及刀具4。刀柄壳体1为空心壳体，其内设置有第一中心孔10。换能器收纳在第一中心孔10内且其与刀柄壳体1的内壁间隙配合。换能器包括预紧压块20、振动体21以及输出套筒22。预紧压块20设置在第一中心孔10中且其与刀柄壳体1内壁不接触，从而消除其对振动体21预紧状态的影响。在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，预紧压块20包括依次连接的第一圆柱体201、第二圆柱体202和第三圆柱体203，其中第一圆柱体201、第二圆柱体202和第三圆柱体203的直径逐渐减小；当然预紧压块20也可以为便于预紧和连接的其他结构。振动体21包括超声振子210以及套设在超声振子210外的励磁结构211，励磁结构211为超声振子210提供超声频交变磁场，从而产生超声频机械振动。预紧压块20上的第三圆柱体的下端面与超声振子210的上端面相抵靠，进而对超声振子210预紧。输出套筒22也设置在第一中心孔10中且其与刀柄壳体1内壁也不接触，防止在加工过程中超声振子210受到负载冲击。为了便于连接，输出套筒22包括圆筒体220以及设置在圆筒体220中心位置上的连接体221。圆筒体220朝向预紧压块20方向延伸，圆筒体220上端面上沿周向通过多个螺钉与预紧压块20上的第一圆柱体200固定连接，圆筒体220的内壁与第二圆柱体201外周面 接触连接。连接体221的两端则分别与超声振子210和变幅杆3连接，其中，连接体221的上端面的中心位置上设置有与超声振子210下端配合的第一台阶面(图中未示出)，超声振子210的下端面与连接体221的第一台阶面相靠接从而对超声振子210进行中心定位，从而保证了两者的同轴度，防止其在工作过程中发生偏移而影响工作效果。至此，振动体21被包裹在输出套筒22的圆筒体220内，可以防止其他外界的物质影响振动体工作。
变幅杆3由导磁不锈钢材料制成，导磁不锈钢材料防锈性好，在多次烧结后表面不易脱落从而不会影响精度，且由于其具有导磁性，便于进行非接触电磁感应加热，进而便于刀具4热装紧固在其上。变幅杆3设置在第一中心孔10内且其下端从刀柄壳体1中伸出，变幅杆3与第一中心孔10的内壁间隙配合。变幅杆3包括杆体30、设置在杆体30外周壁上的连接片31以及设置在连接片31的上端面上且朝向换能器方向延伸的锥形筒32。杆体30的上端面与输出套筒22的连接体221的下端面相抵靠；为了使得振动输出的效率更高，变幅杆3的上端面与连接体221的下端面的接触面设置在输出振幅最大值面处。变幅杆3上端面的中心位置上设置有第二台阶面33，与之对应的，连接体221的下端面上设置有一延伸部222，延伸部222限位在第二台阶面33中，这样可以保证两者的同轴度，提高超声加工安装精度与装配效率；此外，为了使得两者的连接更稳定，第二台阶面33的内壁周面上设置有一段内螺纹，延伸部222的外周面上也设置有一段与内螺纹配合的外螺纹以使得变幅杆3与延伸部222通过螺纹连接。延伸部222径向上的端面与第二台阶面33径向上的端面均不接触，从而防止振动在传递过程中被衰减。
刀柄壳体1在第一中心孔10的下端设置有一锥形孔11，该锥形孔11的位置和形状与变幅杆3上的锥形筒32对应设置以使得变幅杆3上的锥形筒32恰好紧固在锥形孔11内，从而保证变幅杆3与刀柄壳体1的同轴度。为了减小因接触连接而导致振动被衰减，该锥形筒32与锥形孔11的接触面设置在输出振幅最小值面(即节面)处，这也避免了加工负载对超声振子211的预紧状态产生直接的影响，提高了超声加工的抗负载能力。锥形孔11的直径随着远离换能器逐渐变大，以便于锥形孔11的加工。变幅杆3径向上的端面与刀柄壳体1径向上的端面也不接触，从而避免影响振动传递效果。变幅杆3的下端中心位置上设置有一刀具安装孔34。刀具4需要用相对于变幅杆3所 用材料的热膨胀性小的材料，且硬度要高，因此在本发明中刀具4选用硬质合金材料。该刀具4热装紧固在刀具安装孔34内且其从刀柄壳体1中伸出。由于导磁不锈钢材料的特性，刀具安装孔34内可以热装多种不同的刀具4。刀具4可以是KDP或纸基蜂窝材料干切削用到的尖刀和圆盘刀结构或者金属加工用到的金刚石磨头、钻头、铣刀等。
在本发明的另一个具体实施例中，还包括锁紧压块5，锁紧压块5的中心位置上具有一轴向通孔50。刀柄壳体1上还设置有第二中心孔12，第二中心孔12设置在锥形孔11的下端。锁紧压块5的轴向通孔50穿过变幅杆3的下端设置在第二中心孔12中且锁紧压块5的上端面与连接片31的下端面相抵靠，从而将变幅杆3的锥形筒32锁紧于刀柄壳体1的锥形孔11内，进一步保证了变幅杆3与刀柄壳体1的同轴度，从而提高了安装精度。锁紧压块5与第二中心孔12的内壁通过螺纹连接，且该螺纹的旋向与机床主轴转向一致，以防止加工过程中锁紧压块5出现松动。与刀柄壳体1紧固后的锁紧压块5在径向上的端面与刀柄壳体1径向上的端面不接触，防止振动被衰减。为了便于拧紧或者旋出锁紧压块5，锁紧压块的周面上可以设置开孔，以便工具插入至开孔中从而拧动锁紧压块5；或者在锁紧压块5的下端设置一小口径的夹持块，便于活动扳手夹持。
本发明的换能器尺寸可参照以下模型进行设计：
见图5，换能器包括预紧压块20、励磁结构211、超声振子210、输出套筒22。将预紧压块20、超声振子210、输出套筒22等效为三个相互接触的等截面圆柱体，等截面杆作简谐振动的方程为：
k表示波数，k＝ω/c；c表示声波在材料中传播的速度，c＝λf；ω表示简谐振动的角频率，ω＝2πf；λ表示声波在材料中的波长，f表示激励频率。
当以超声振子中间某一部位为节面进行设计，可以得到节面以左的频率方程：
同理，可以得到节面以右的频率方程：
其中，Z
n表示声阻抗，Z
n＝ρ
nc
nS
n，ρ
n表示材料密度，c
n表示声波在材料中传播的速度，S
n表示横截面积；a、b、c、d表示各部分等效长度；k
1、k
2、k
3、k
4表示波数。
可根据上式设计结构，设计使输出套筒22与热装变幅杆3接触的端面为输出振幅最大面。同理，可以参照上述模型对变幅杆3的节面位置尺寸进行设计。
如上参照附图以示例的方式描述根据本发明的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄。但是，本领域技术人员应当理解，对于上述本发明所提出的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，还可以在不脱离本发明内容的基础上做出各种改进。因此，本发明的保护范围应当由所附的权利要求书的内容确定。
Claims (10)
- 一种热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，其特征在于，所述超声伸缩刀柄包括：刀柄壳体，其内设置有第一中心孔；换能器，其设置在所述第一中心孔内且与所述刀柄壳体内壁间隙配合；变幅杆，其由导磁不锈钢材料制成，所述变幅杆设置在所述第一中心孔中且所述变幅杆与所述第一中心孔内壁间隙配合，所述变幅杆的一端与所述换能器连接，所述变幅杆与所述换能器接触的端面设置在所述换能器产生振动的振幅最大值面处，所述变幅杆在所述换能器产生振动的振幅最小值面处设置有锥面结构，所述刀柄壳体对应地在振幅最小值面处设置有与所述锥面结构配合的锥形孔，所述变幅杆的锥面结构压紧于所述锥形孔中以使得所述变幅杆与所述刀柄壳体在此处接触连接，所述锥形孔与所述第一中心孔连通，所述变幅杆的另一端中心位置上设置有刀具安装孔；以及刀具，其由硬质合金材料制成，所述刀具热装紧固在所述刀具安装孔内。
- 如权利要求1所述的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，其特征在于，所述刀柄壳体上还具有第二中心孔，所述第二中心孔设置在所述锥形孔远离所述第一中心孔的端侧，所述超磁致伸缩超声刀柄还包括锁紧压块，所述锁紧压块具有轴向通孔，所述锁紧压块的轴向通孔穿过所述变幅杆的所述另一端固定在所述第二中心孔中且所述锁紧压块靠近所述换能器的端面与所述变幅杆相抵靠以将所述变幅杆锁紧在所述刀柄壳体中。
- 如权利要求2所述的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，其特征在于，所述轴向通孔的内壁与所述变幅杆不接触。
- 如权利要求2所述的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，其特征在于，所述锁紧压块径向上的端面与所述刀柄壳体径向上的端面不接触。
- 如权利要求2所述的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，其特征在于，所述锁紧压块与所述刀柄壳体通过螺纹连接，所述螺纹的旋向与机床主轴转向一致。
- 如权利要求1所述的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，其特征在于，所述换能器包括：预紧压块，其设置在所述第一中心孔内且与所述刀柄壳体内壁不接触；振动体，其包括超声振子和套设在所述超声振子外的励磁结构，所述超声振子一端的端面与所述预紧压块靠近所述变幅杆的端面相抵靠；以及输出套筒，其包括圆筒体和设置在圆筒体中心位置上的连接体，所述圆筒体向所述预紧压块方向延伸且与所述预紧压块通过紧固件连接，所述振动体容置在所述圆筒体中，所述连接体远离所述预紧压块的端面与所述变幅杆靠近所述预紧压块的端面相抵靠，所述连接体与所述变幅杆接触的端面设置在振幅最大值面上。
- 如权利要求6所述的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，其特征在于，所述连接体靠近所述预紧压块的端面中心位置上设置有与所述超声振子远离所述预紧压块的一端配合的第一台阶面，所述超声振子与所述第一台阶面相靠接。
- 如权利要求6所述的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，其特征在于，所述连接体上还设置有朝向变幅杆延伸的延伸部，所述变幅杆靠近所述预紧压块的一端的中心位置上设置有与所述延伸部配合的第二台阶面，所述延伸部与所述第二台阶面通过螺纹连接。
- 如权利要求8所述的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，其特征在于，所述延伸部径向上的端面与第二台阶面径向上的端面均不接触。
- 如权利要求1所述的热装式超磁致伸缩超声刀柄，其特征在于，所述变幅杆包括杆体、设置在所述杆体外周壁上的连接片以及设置在所述连接片上且朝向所述换能器方向延伸的锥形筒，所述锥形筒的外周面与所述锥形孔接触连接。
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