WO2020088967A1 - Enlèvement thermoélectrique de structures de support - Google Patents

Enlèvement thermoélectrique de structures de support Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020088967A1
WO2020088967A1 PCT/EP2019/078527 EP2019078527W WO2020088967A1 WO 2020088967 A1 WO2020088967 A1 WO 2020088967A1 EP 2019078527 W EP2019078527 W EP 2019078527W WO 2020088967 A1 WO2020088967 A1 WO 2020088967A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support structure
melting
component
area
additive manufacturing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/078527
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander DILLINGER
Peter HOLFELDER
Christoph Seyfert
Matthias HÖH
Stefan Bindl
Original Assignee
Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems filed Critical Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems
Publication of WO2020088967A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020088967A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B22F10/47—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
    • B22F2202/06—Use of electric fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for detaching an additive manufacturing product from a support structure and / or for detaching the support structure from a construction platform.
  • the invention further relates to a method and a system for providing an additive manufacturing product, the additive manufacturing product being built up from a construction material in an additive manufacturing process with a support structure connected to the additive manufacturing product.
  • Additive manufacturing describes a process in which additive manufacturing products or components are manufactured directly or indirectly on the basis of digital 3D design data, for example (and in particular) from shapeless construction materials.
  • 3D printing is therefore often used as a synonym for additive manufacturing.
  • Such components are usually, if not necessarily, produced in layers, whereby both solid, but also pasty or liquid materials with different physical and chemical properties are used.
  • Additive manufacturing processes are becoming increasingly relevant in the production of prototypes and now also in series production. This applies in particular to the manufacture of such manufacturing products that are characterized by a high degree of geometric complexity.
  • the production of models, samples and prototypes with additive manufacturing processes is often referred to as “rapid prototyping” and the production of tools and other end products as “rapid tooling” or “additive manufacturing”.
  • An essential characteristic of additive manufacturing is the selective, ie spatially limited, in particular layer-by-layer, solidification of at least one construction material.
  • the mostly powdery building material is first introduced in the form of a thin layer in a process space or a process chamber of a device (manufacturing device) for additive manufacturing, for example on a building platform of the device.
  • the structural material is selectively solidified by means of electromagnetic radiation, in particular light and / or heat radiation.
  • the solidification material can also be irradiated with particle radiation, such as electron radiation, for solidification.
  • SLS selective laser sintering
  • SLM selective laser melting
  • the layer of the build material is irradiated on the basis of predeterminable 3D construction data of a component to be manufactured in such a way that only those areas of the layer which are to become part of the component to be manufactured are irradiated. Due to the locally introduced radiation energy, the powder particles of the building material are partially or completely melted or partially or completely combined ⁇ and then cool down to such an extent that they combine to form a solid.
  • the area of the layer in which the current consolidation of the building material takes place is also referred to as the "consolidation area".
  • the solid resulting from the selective irradiation of the layer of the building material corresponds to a layer of the component to be manufactured or a "component layer".
  • the component layer is generally understood in the context of the present invention to mean a three-dimensional body which is defined by a “cross-sectional area of the component layer” and a corresponding depth or thickness of the component layer.
  • the “cross-sectional area of the component layer” or “component cross-sectional area” is to be understood in the case of a plan view of the layer of the building material, the region of the layer which is solidified in this layer in order to produce the component.
  • a “layer” is understood to mean the layer material applied in the form of a coating and subsequent consolidation process in the process space or in a construction field of the production device.
  • Layer areas to be consolidated, which are not connected to one another, can be arranged, wherein the layer areas to be consolidated can belong to a single component or to several separate components. In the former case, the entirety of the layer areas to be consolidated would correspond to the component layer of a component to be consolidated.
  • metallic building materials are preferably used as building materials. Due to the high melting or sintering temperatures, a high degree of locally introduced radiation energy is required, particularly in the case of metallic building materials, for the selective solidification of the layer. As a result, the currently irradiated, i.e. H. the top layer in the process chamber, especially in the hardening area, is strongly heated, which can lead to high thermal stress or stress in the hardened but also in the currently solidifying building material. In principle, the occurrence of thermal loads during additive manufacturing can adversely affect the quality of the finished component.
  • a number of support structures are usually arranged in the process space of the production device, the support structures usually being produced together with the component in the additive manufacturing process will. Furthermore, by means of the support structures, the heat balance in the component to be manufactured can also be influenced, in that part of the process heat is derived from the additive manufacturing into an area outside the component to be manufactured. The quality of the finished component can advantageously be increased in this way.
  • the support structures can be arranged in such a way that they connect different sub-areas or compartments of the component to be manufactured with one another, ie. H. the support structures are arranged in an area within the component.
  • a number of support structures are arranged in an area between the component to be manufactured and the construction platform of the production device in such a way that the finished component, ie as soon as all component layers of the component have been solidified, rests on the support structures or from which it is "supported".
  • the component to be produced can thus be built up on the support structures during additive manufacturing, the support structures and the component typically being produced together in the additive manufacturing process.
  • the arrangement of the support structures in the process space of the production device can take place according to a predefinable pattern or can be specifically adapted to the respective configuration of the component to be manufactured.
  • the support structures are firmly connected to the construction platform of the production device in a lower or basal region and are firmly connected to a region of the component to be produced in an opposite upper or apical region.
  • the connection between the support structures and the building platform or the component is preferably made by means of material bonding.
  • the support structures can also be constructed on a base plate of the production device, which then serves as a construction base.
  • DE 10 2015 207 306 describes a method for producing support structures with a weakened area, the weakened area being easier to cut through than the remaining area of the support structures.
  • the support structures still have to be severed mechanically, individually and essentially one after the other.
  • the separation process can therefore be a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, in particular if the support structures are not arranged parallel to one another due to the component geometry, or if the weakened regions are not arranged at the same height as the support structures.
  • WO 2017/029276 A1 therefore describes a method in which the support structures are severed by means of a chemical process.
  • the chemicals used here also potentially attack the surface of the component or remove material from the finished component.
  • a method according to the invention relates to the detachment of an additive manufacturing product from a support structure and / or the detachment of the support structure from a construction platform of a device for additive manufacturing of a number of manufacturing products, which is why the method is also referred to below as the “detachment method”.
  • the method according to the invention can preferably be used after the additive manufacturing, i. H. as soon as an additive component has been fully manufactured or an additive manufacturing process has ended.
  • the support structure is preferably produced in an additive manufacturing process together with the additive manufacturing product in a process chamber of an additive manufacturing device and is connected to it, preferably permanently connected.
  • This preferably means that the additive manufacturing product and the support structure are built up in layers and essentially at the same time or in parallel, for example starting from a construction platform of the manufacturing device.
  • a layer of the building material in addition to those areas of the layer which are to become part of at least one component to be produced, areas which are to become part of one or more supporting structures to be produced are preferably solidified, the consolidation preferably being carried out by selective irradiation of the building material and / or a further product substance by means of at least one high-energy beam, for example a laser beam.
  • a large number of conductive construction materials in powder form can be used to select the one or those which are to be used, in particular from the field of metal-based construction materials.
  • self-conductive, ie intrinsically conductive plastics such as polypyrrole or polythiophene can also be used.
  • electrically non-conductive plastics are also suitable as construction materials if they are replaced by electrically conductive substances, e.g. B. in the form of soot or metal, to to maintain electrical conductivity.
  • electrically conductive substances e.g. B. in the form of soot or metal, to to maintain electrical conductivity.
  • Such an enrichment with electrically conductive substances can be achieved both by admixture (biending, admixture, etc.) and by the production of a composite building material, in the powder grains of which the electrically conductive material is integrated. In this case, not every powder grain has to comprise the electrically conductive material; in the end, it is sufficient if there is sufficient electrically conductive material in the construction material that the
  • a support structure is to be understood as a support structure or a supporting element made of solidified construction material, which is arranged in a region between a construction platform or base plate of the production device and a region of the finished component is not part of the resulting finished component itself.
  • the finished component in particular after removal of unconsolidated building material from the process space, lies at least in regions on the support structure or is at least partially carried and / or laterally supported by it. Therefore, unless otherwise explicitly mentioned, it is assumed for the sake of simplicity that a building platform at the bottom is connected at least in one area by a centrally arranged support structure to a component above or above, so that the component forms the upper end of this arrangement .
  • the invention is not intended to be limited to such an arrangement of the support structure.
  • a support structure referred to below as a "one-piece" support structure can, for example, comprise a solid, uniform substructure or a base area, which is firmly connected on an underside, in particular by means of a material bond, to the construction platform or to the base plate of the production device, if the latter as Construction document serves.
  • a support structure can accordingly be connected to the construction platform by means of only one connection surface or a contact point, with a large number of separate connection surfaces being present with respect to the construction, as will be explained in detail later. Under certain circumstances, this connection can only be realized when the component is completely manufactured, ie when all component layers are solidified. in the In the following, a finished component is assumed, the additive manufacturing process having already been completed.
  • support structures designed in a “stand-alone” manner can also be arranged in the process space, each support structure having its own separate base area. Regardless of the exact design of the support structure, a firm, direct and continuous connection between the construction platform or the base plate and the finished component can be realized by means of the support structure.
  • the component is detached from the support structure and / or the support structure is detached from the construction platform or the base plate using an electrical current in at least one predetermined melting area of the support structure, the electrical current at least melting the support structure in at least a section of the support structure Desired melting range leads, which is also referred to in the following as "local melting" of the support structure.
  • Melting the support structure is to be understood as meaning at least melting, but preferably melting or melting, of the support structure in the target melting range.
  • an electric current with a suitable strength can be introduced into an area of the building platform or base plate and / or the component and / or the support structure or through such an area be directed that the solid material of the target melting area is so strongly heated as a result of the electric current in the target melting area that it is at least partially liquefied (melted) and / or evaporated.
  • a phase change takes place from the solid to the liquid or gaseous state, the amount, in particular the amount of substance, of the original solid material of the target melting area also being able to be reduced.
  • the support structure is completely melted in at least a section of the target melting area, a gap or a gap arises within the support structure as a result of this severing. In contrast, other areas of the support structure, in particular areas outside the predetermined melting area, are not melted or severed. As a result of the local melting in a section of the target melting range, the building platform or base plate and the component are no longer connected to one another in one piece. This means that the component is completely detached from the support
  • the structure and / or the support structure of the construction platform can only be achieved by means of an electric current in a predetermined melting area of the support structure.
  • the detachment method according to the invention can optionally comprise one or more separation steps in order to detach the additive manufacturing product from the support structure and / or the support structure from the construction platform.
  • the detachment process according to the invention can include at least one “separation step” in parallel or downstream.
  • the detachment method according to the invention can then preferably comprise at least two steps, wherein in a first step at least a portion of the target melting area of the support structure is melted using an electric current (melting step).
  • the target melting area can only be “melted on locally”, ie not completely cut through. This means that there is still a direct connection between the construction platform and the component.
  • the material in the target melting area can be weakened to such an extent as a result of the electrical current, in particular as a result of heating in the target melting area, that the component can be separated from the building platform or base plate by a low mechanical load, the mechanical effort required for this is less than without a previous material weakening in the target melting range.
  • a second step of the detachment process according to the invention is the (detachment) separation of the support structure from the additive manufacturing product and / or the construction platform in the target melting range in accordance with a suitably selected separation process (detachment step).
  • the separation step can be (temporally) downstream of the melting step, i. H. the separation step and the melt step can be separate substeps of the detachment process.
  • the melting step and the separating step coincide in time.
  • the two sub-steps can also be understood as sub-aspects of a single step, namely if a force is applied during "local melting" using the electrical current (according to step 1) that separates the support structure (according to Step 2) causes.
  • the force for the separation described above does not necessarily have to be carried out by an independent device, for example a separation unit, but instead it can be used, for. B. gravity can also be used to effect the separation.
  • the detachment method according to the invention is not limited to a single support structure, but advantageously also for detaching an additive manufacturing product from a plurality of support structures and / or for detaching a plurality of support structures or components from a construction platform Manufacturing device is suitable, as will be explained later.
  • the detachment method according to the invention can advantageously make it possible for the entirety of support structures, which is arranged between the component and the construction platform in the process space for the production of an additive manufacturing product, to be completely and only by applying one electrical current can be separated essentially at the same time.
  • a time-consuming mechanical processing or cutting of individual support structures can thus advantageously be dispensed with.
  • the method according to the invention can also make it unnecessary to use chemicals which are hazardous to health in the context of additive manufacturing. The method according to the invention thus enables a considerable saving of time and resources in additive manufacturing and therefore provides an efficient solution for detaching an additive manufacturing product from the support structure and / or the support structure from a construction platform after an additive manufacturing process.
  • the detachment device in particular the current application device, is preferably designed and, in particular, capable enough to provide or generate a sufficiently strong electrical current in the target melting range in order to sufficiently melt at least one support structure in the target melting range, particularly preferably to completely melt.
  • the detachment device can be designed to melt a plurality of support structures, that is to say a plurality of predetermined melting areas, essentially in parallel or at the same time, ie to melt or melt depending on the chosen procedure, which can also be different for different support structures.
  • the detachment device can comprise at least one separation unit, which is designed to separate the support structure from the additive manufacturing product and / or the construction platform in the target melting area, in particular if the target melting area has previously been "locally melted".
  • the optional separation unit is used to carry out the above-described separation step of the method according to the invention, that is to say to separate the support structure from the additive manufacturing product and / or the construction platform in the target melting range.
  • the separation unit can be implemented by means of a special design of a current application device: namely, the at least one target melting range is achieved by means of an electrical current completely melted, the connection between the additive manufacturing product and the support structure or the support structure and the construction platform is already completely separated.
  • the separating unit can therefore support z.
  • B. still include a mechanism that moves the manufacturing product and / or the construction platform, for example lifts it away, tilts or the like.
  • gravity can be used advantageously to transfer the detached element (building platform or manufacturing product) to a desired location and to maintain the separation effect from the detachment process permanently.
  • the electrical current can be introduced directly into an area of the component and the building platform by means of the detachment device, for example via a number of defined contact points of the component or the building platform, as will be explained in detail later.
  • the electrical current can also be introduced directly into a region of the support structure via suitable contact points.
  • the coupling device of the detachment device may comprise a number of contact elements which can be positioned in a modular manner, the contact elements for direct, contact-bound (galvanic) introduction of the electrical current into a region of the component, the building platform and / or the support structure the aforementioned contact points are suitable.
  • the coupling device of the detachment device according to the invention can comprise at least one induction coil or the like for generating a magnetic alternating field in the support structure, at least in one loading Rich in the support structure eddy currents are generated, ie the introduction of the electrical current can be done contactlessly or inductively.
  • the detachment device according to the invention can comprise a large number of further components, as will be explained later.
  • the additive manufacturing product is constructed from an assembly material in an additive manufacturing process with at least one (preferably fixed) support structure connected to the additive manufacturing product.
  • the provision can include additive manufacturing (manufacture) of the component in a manufacturing device and / or delivery of the (finished) component to a detachment device.
  • the support structure can preferably be firmly connected to a construction platform or base plate of a device for additive manufacturing on a side of the support structure that is opposite the component.
  • the method is equally suitable for producing a plurality of production products or components in only one additive production process, it being possible for each component to be connected to a number of support structures.
  • the provisioning method according to the invention in particular the production of the component, is preferably carried out such that the detachment of the additive manufacturing product from the support structure and / or the detachment of the support structure from the construction platform can take place in the target melting range of the support structure, in particular according to the detachment method explained above.
  • the support structure can be designed such that, as mentioned, it can be locally melted or locally weakened by means of the detachment process.
  • the invention is further implemented using a system for providing an additive manufacturing product, comprising
  • the provision system according to the invention can be designed as a unit in which the manufacturing unit and the detaching device are integrated, for example as two stations of a machine or even as a single station in which both the additive manufacturing of the manufactured product and the detaching are carried out.
  • the manufacturing unit and the detachment device are two separate or separable units, for example, each with its own housing.
  • a transport unit could be provided in order to transport the production product as well as at least one support structure connected to it and possibly a construction platform from the production unit to the detachment device.
  • a certain (advantageous) atmosphere surrounding the component or the other components could preferably be provided by the transport unit.
  • the control device can preferably include a support structure data calculation module in order to control the device, in particular the solidification device of the device, in accordance with an irradiation strategy in such a way that the additive manufacturing product and at least one firmly connected support structure can be built up from the build material, the support structure being formed by the device is formed in such a way that the support structure has at least one target melting area, the target melting area preferably having a higher electrical resistance, particularly preferably a smaller material cross section, than a base area of the support structure and / or a component and / or a construction platform.
  • the material cross section of the target melting range is to be understood in particular as the sum of the line cross sections of the melting body of the target melting range, as will be explained later.
  • a plurality of support structures can be detached from at least one component or a construction platform.
  • the detachment method according to the invention can also be used to detach a plurality of additive components from one or more support structures in each case.
  • a single support structure is assumed, the support structure being connected to a single component, the features of a single support structure or a single component described below also being used, unless explicitly stated otherwise a plurality of support structures or components should apply.
  • An electrical current can preferably be supplied to the additive manufacturing product and / or the support structure and / or the construction platform from the outside via at least one contact point.
  • the electrical current is supplied to the support structure via at least one contact point on the additive manufacturing product and / or the support structure and / or the construction platform.
  • the manufacturing product, the support structure and the construction platform are thus particularly preferably implemented as components of an electrical circuit.
  • the contact point can preferably be realized with the help of an exposed “contact tab” and / or a “socket” or “coupling”, ie an inward-facing contact opening.
  • the respective contact point can be connected directly, in particular tivgebun, to a (possibly) external power source of the separation device, in particular the current application device, by means of a number of modularly positionable contact elements.
  • Such contact elements can e.g. B. with the help of "crocodile clips” or “banana plugs”, in particular so that a galvanic connection between the respective contact point and the contact element can be made.
  • the contact elements can be seen as part of a coupling device of the current application device or form a coupling device.
  • a voltage is applied in a contact-related manner in at least one area of the building platform or the base plate and the component such that a current flows between the component, the centrally arranged support structure and the building platform.
  • the application of an electrical current in a circuit designed in this way can result in the entirety of all of the predetermined melting areas of the support structures that were arranged between the component and the construction platform for the production of the component being melted completely and essentially simultaneously.
  • This process step namely the application of an electric current, advantageously has to be carried out only once for each component, so that the removal of the finished component from the detachment device or the preparation system can be accelerated after the preparation process has ended.
  • the target melting area consists of a single element to be melted or only one melting body to be melted.
  • a predetermined melting area comprises a plurality of separate elements or melting bodies to be melted, preferably arranged parallel to one another.
  • the predetermined melting area could therefore be realized by a plurality of separate support struts.
  • a target melting range is to be understood to mean both a single melting body to be melted and a plurality of individual melting bodies.
  • a target melting range with a plurality of melting bodies is assumed as an example.
  • a support structure can in principle also comprise more than just a predetermined melting range.
  • the invention is described below as a preferred example with reference to a support structure with only one target melting area.
  • the target melting area of the support structure can be melted completely, in particular in accordance with its entire length or width, so that the target melting area or the individual melting bodies largely completely dissolve as a result of the electrical current or evaporate, wherein the length of the target melting area can also essentially correspond to the length of the entire support structure along its main direction of extension.
  • the target melting area is melted over its entire width, but not over its entire length. This means that all melting bodies of the target melting range are completely severed, i. H. a gap is created, but at least a partial area of the target melting area on the component or on the building platform is retained.
  • the configuration of the target melting range is essentially determined by the number and configuration of the individual melting bodies.
  • the length or longitudinal extent of the target melting area corresponds to the extent of the same along a main direction of extent of the respective support structure, the main direction of extent of the support structure being defined such that it runs the shortest route between the building platform or base plate and the component.
  • the length of the target melting range is therefore defined by the smallest length of a melting body within the target melting range.
  • a width or a diameter of the individual melting bodies essentially corresponds to an extension perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the respective melting body.
  • the area of a melting body, which results from a cut transverse to the longitudinal expansion of the melting body, is referred to below as the "cross-sectional area of the melting body”. Accordingly, the sum of the individual cross-sectional areas of the melting bodies of a target melting area describes the “cross-sectional area of the target melting area”.
  • At least one contact point of the component or of the construction platform or of the support structure itself can be connected to a number of contact elements of the detachment device according to the invention for the contact-bound introduction of the electric current into the support structure.
  • another electrical circuit can be formed between the construction platform and the further component to detach at least one other part from the construction platform, again a number of support structures in an area between the Construction platform and the further construction part can be arranged. This can be released to apply the electric current Contact element of the previously detached component can be repositioned at a contact point of the further component to be detached.
  • an electrical current can preferably also be supplied to the further component by means of a separate or “component-specific” contact element.
  • a separate or “component-specific” contact element Especially before given the individual contact elements, ie. H. the respective component-specific contact elements are controlled separately by the detachment device, d. H. can be individually supplied with electrical current.
  • a single contact element can be positioned in an area of the construction platform, and a component-specific contact element can be positioned at the respective contact points of a number of components.
  • an electrical circuit can then be set up between the construction platform and a specific, i.e. H. component currently to be detached from the construction platform.
  • the contact elements in question only have to be positioned once, the detachment of a number of components then being able to take place predominantly automatically, preferably sequentially.
  • the electrical current can also be supplied directly at a contact point of the support structure by means of the contact elements, so that the electrical circuit would only encompass a region of the support structure and the component.
  • the contact point can preferably be arranged in the base region of the support structure.
  • Such positioning of the contact elements or such a trained electrical circuit turns out to be particularly advantageous if the support structure has already been separated from the building platform or the base plate before the application of the electric current, or is not connected to a building platform . So it can It may be necessary or advantageous that a component that is connected to the building platform with a massive extrusion is first mechanically detached from the building platform or base plate. In this context, it is possible that the support structures of the component are also mechanically separated from the construction platform. The detachment method is then advantageously suitable for also separating the remaining remains of the support structure from the finished component.
  • a contact element can be arranged at a contact point of each support structure.
  • the contact elements can preferably be controlled individually by the detachment device according to the invention.
  • an electrical current is preferably induced in at least a partial area of a support structure by applying a limited alternating magnetic field. This means that no direct, galvanic contact between the support structure and an external power source is required to form the electrical current in a region of the support structure.
  • the alternating magnetic field is preferably established by means of at least one induction coil through which alternating current flows.
  • the induction coil can preferably also be designed such that it comprises a process space of the detaching device from the outside.
  • an inner diameter of the induction coil can be larger than an outer dimension of the process space or the process chamber, in particular larger than the dimension of a construction field of a production unit of a provision system according to the invention.
  • the induction coil is an embodiment of the coupling device of the detachment device according to the invention.
  • the strength of the magnetic alternating field generated by the coil can be regulated by the current control unit of the detachment device according to the invention, in particular by a computer program product.
  • the strength of the alternating magnetic field generated by the coil can be determined in such a way that, as a result of the electrical current or the induced eddy currents induced in the support structure, there is a complete local melting of at least one support structure, the additive manufacturing product of the support structure and / or the support structure can be detached from the construction platform.
  • the support structure can also be locally melted or weakened by means of the alternating magnetic field, so that little mechanical work is required to detach the component from the support structure or the support structure from the construction platform.
  • the magnetic alternating field of the coil can preferably be limited in a suitable manner such that the eddy currents are induced essentially exclusively in a region of the support structure, with at least in the finished component, that is to say a production product (these terms are also used synonymously below, as in the preceding), no significant electrical current is induced.
  • a significant electric current is in particular one that leads to heating of the finished component, which damages the component, for example due to melting or melting, modification of its structural structure or through the generation of heat stresses.
  • a corresponding limitation of the alternating magnetic field can be implemented, for example, by a suitable arrangement or alignment of shielding devices for magnetic fields and / or the coil itself. The component can therefore preferably lie predominantly outside the heat-affected zone of the eddy current losses.
  • the coil can particularly preferably be mounted so as to be vertically adjustable along the longitudinal extent of the support structure, in particular with respect to the process space.
  • the target melting area of the support structure can in particular be modeled or designed and arranged and aligned with respect to the coil in such a way that local maximization occurs, particularly in the target melting area of the induced eddy currents can take place, so that as a result of the resulting local heat development, a local melting or melting of the support structure can take place in the respective target melting range.
  • the support structures can be modeled using a support structure data calculation module, as will be explained at a later point in time.
  • the contactless method enables a number of components to be replaced predominantly simultaneously or simultaneously by means of an electrical current, with no direct contact between the component or construction platform or support structure and current source being required for this.
  • This is advantageous in that the separation of the component without pretreatment of the component in a process chamber, including the process chamber of an additive manufacturing device, that is, a manufacturing unit for building the additive manufacturing product within the scope of the invention.
  • B. can be dispensed with the positioning of a number of contact elements. The time required for the separation process of one or more components from the construction platform can thus be further accelerated.
  • U R I.
  • the target melting area can therefore have a higher electrical resistance than the base area of the supporting structure adjacent to the target melting area.
  • the material cross section of the predetermined melting area of the support structure can particularly preferably be smaller than the material cross section of the base area of the support structure.
  • the material cross-section which is also synonymously referred to as the "line cross-section", corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the target melting range.
  • the line cross section of the target melting area is understood to mean a smallest line cross section of the target melting area, i. H. the smallest line cross-section that the target melting area encompasses along its longitudinal extent.
  • the line cross section of the target melting area can be different along its longitudinal extent. This also applies analogously to the line cross section of the base region of the support structure.
  • a target melting area comprises a number of individual melting bodies
  • the line cross section of the target melting area corresponds to the sum of the (smallest) line cross sections of all melting bodies of the target melting area.
  • the cable cross-section corresponds to the base sis range of the support structure of the sum of the (smallest) line cross sections of the separate partial base areas.
  • the electrical resistance and thus the current or the eddy current losses that occur are specifically maximized in a section of the target melting area, so that the support structure is primarily or even exclusively in this section of the target melting range is melted, or the strength in the solid material flowing through is greatly reduced.
  • both the construction platform and the finished component can remain largely unaffected by the electrical current introduced.
  • no adverse material changes occur in the construction platform and especially in the finished component, so that in particular the quality of the component can be maintained. This advantage arises regardless of whether the electrical current is supplied to the support structure in a contact-based or non-contact manner.
  • the base region of the support structure could first be weakened locally by the eddy currents induced by the coil to such an extent that the mechanical separation of the support structure or the component from the construction platform is facilitated.
  • the component quality is preferably not adversely affected.
  • the support structure separated from the construction platform could be supplied with an electrical current directly, preferably by means of a contact element, in order to melt or melt the target melting area of the support structure and thus separate the support structure from the component.
  • the support structure to be produced can be modeled before and / or during the production of the component or the support structure in accordance with predefinable process-optimizing criteria, as will be explained below.
  • Such modeling could e.g. B. with the help of a support structure data calculation module, such as a computer equipped with appropriate calculation software.
  • a first process-optimizing criterion could be the determination of a suitable minimum line cross section of the target melting range.
  • the most efficient or rapid melting or melting of the target melting range can be taken into account here.
  • the line cross section of the target melting area should preferably be smaller than the line cross section of the base area of the support structure.
  • Adequate heat dissipation from the component to be produced through the predetermined melting area or the support structure could play a role as a further criterion.
  • the configuration of the connection surfaces of the melting bodies in the area of the respective contact points can also be important, in particular with regard to the melting behavior, the heat dissipation and the resilience to mechanical loads.
  • the type of building material and the geometry or design of the component to be manufactured could also be taken into account when determining a minimum line cross-section and when modeling the target melting range.
  • an average dimension (e.g. diameter or width) of a cross section of a melting body can be at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm, particularly preferably at least 0.2 mm, but at most 1 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm , particularly preferably at most 0.3 mm.
  • the predetermined melting area or the individual melting body can, as mentioned, have a different type of line cross section along its longitudinal extent.
  • the target melting area of a support structure has a contact point of the target melting area with the additive manufacturing product and / or at a contact point with the base region of the support structure, a material cross-section or line cross-section which is larger than a minimum material cross-section or line cross-section of the target melting region, preferably by at least 1.5 times, particularly preferably twice, in particular that Triple, is.
  • the contact point or connection point corresponds to the area of the target melting area in which there is a direct, preferably material connection between the target melting area and the component or the base area of the support structure.
  • the cross-sectional area of the contact point is also referred to as the connection area.
  • the material cross section of each melting body in the respective contact point can be larger than a minimum material cross section or line cross section of the relevant melting body.
  • the area of the largest line cross section of each melting body can preferably be realized at the respective contact points.
  • a “melt addition” can be formed particularly preferably in the area of the respective contact points of the melting body or of the target melting area during additive manufacturing.
  • Such a modeling of the target melting area can, as mentioned before, preferably be carried out by means of a support structure data calculation module.
  • This area or this point at which the melting of the target melting area occurs preferably or initially is referred to as the separation area or point of separation of the target melting area.
  • the separating region can preferably be arranged in a central region of the target melting region. At least the separation area does not, however, directly or directly adjoin an area of the component, since the contact point itself, as explained above, preferably the line cross section of the target melting range is maximized by the addition of melting.
  • a small part of the target melting range remains as “melting residue” on the component or on the building platform.
  • the melting residue thus corresponds to the rest of the original target melting range, which was not melted as a result of the electrical current or which has not dissolved.
  • the target melting range is therefore preferably not melted through according to its entire length, the formation of “welding craters”, ie. H. holes caused by burning can be prevented in an area of the component, which in turn has a positive effect on the component quality.
  • the positioning or arrangement of the target melting area and also of the separating area along the main direction of extent of the support structure can preferably be adapted to the specific component, for example with the aid of a support structure data calculation module.
  • the support structure can preferably be modeled in such a way that the target melting area is arranged in a region of the support structure which is closer to the construction platform than the additive manufacturing product. If the support structure is not connected to the building platform itself, the predetermined melting area can accordingly lie in an area of the support structure that is closer to the base area of the support structure than to the apical, ie. H. area of the support structure facing the component.
  • a predetermined melting area can be arranged in such an area of the support structure which is closer to the additive manufacturing product than the construction platform. Accordingly, the target melting area would be closer to the apical area of the support structure than to the base area of the support structure.
  • a configuration or geometry of the target melting range or the melting body can also be optimized with the aid of the support structure data calculation module, in particular in such a way that the most efficient and locally limited melting of the target melting range can be achieved.
  • the inductive supply of the electrical current can especially the spatial design, e.g. B. with respect to a surface contour of the support structure or the target melting area, to maximize eddy current losses.
  • surface contours with many edges, for example are advantageous, since eddy currents preferably form there, which lead to heating.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by means of an essentially star-shaped cross section, which is only made up of lines, for example. Based on the model of a hexagon, you can run three lines through the center of the hexagon that connect the opposite corners. Those cross sections that differ from round, approximately circular or elliptical shapes are particularly advantageous.
  • the configuration of at least one melting body of a single target melting area is different from the other melting bodies of the same target melting area, for example with regard to the line cross section and the geometry. It can thereby be achieved that, as a result of the electric current, initially only a limited number of melting bodies are melted, other melting bodies in the same target melting range not (yet) being melted or melted on.
  • a connection between the component and the construction platform can initially be loosened, the component still being fixed at a specific position in the construction space.
  • the target melting range can have a number of, ie. H. comprise one or more, individual wire-like or cord-shaped melting bodies which are arranged essentially parallel to one another in a region between the base region of the support structure and the component.
  • Such an arrangement of fusible bodies or fusible links is also referred to as a “forest of thin wires”.
  • a distance between the base part of the support structure and the component can be determined by means of the length of the individual fusible links in such a way that post-processing of the detached component following the additive manufacturing process is made possible, for example as part of an electroerosive process, as explained below.
  • the support structure preferably a target melting area of the supporting structure
  • the melting of the supporting structure takes place in at least a portion of the target melting area such that as a result of the melting of the supporting structure in at least one area, preferably in the base area, the Support structure that forms an eroding electrode.
  • the support structure can preferably be melted in the target melting range.
  • the support structure can be melted locally in such a way that, in particular as a result of a mechanical severing of the locally weakened support structure, an eroding electrode is formed in a region of the support structure, preferably in the base region of the support structure.
  • the base region of the support structure can preferably be connected to the construction platform or the base plate.
  • the eroding electrode formed as a result of the severing of the support structure can be suitable for use in an electroerosive process.
  • the eroding electrode can particularly preferably be used for the erosive removal of melt residues remaining on the component and / or on the construction platform.
  • the component with the eroding electrode could very particularly preferably be produced in the same manufacturing process in that the support structure is designed in such a way that an eroding electrode automatically forms when the desired melting area is severed.
  • the melt residues of the component and the base region of the support structure can preferably lie essentially opposite one another, the melt residues on the base region forming the eroding electrode in order to remove the melt residues on the component.
  • the component can preferably be anodized and the tool, i. H. the eroding electrode can be contacted cathodically, for example in the area of the respective contact points.
  • Electrochemical finishing can thus improve the quality of the additive manufacturing product which has already been produced and has been detached from the building platform or base plate, in particular with regard to the surface quality.
  • a distance between the eroding electrode which is formed and the melting residues of the finished component which are to be eroded away can be determined.
  • the length of the fusible links can be determined in such a way that the surfaces of the component and the eroding electrode which are assigned to one another are arranged at a distance from one another which is suitable for the electrochemical post-processing of the component, for example with an average distance of at least 3 miti, preferably at least 4 mith , but at most 6 miti, preferably at most 5 miti.
  • the distance between the base region of the support structure or the eroding electrode and the component can advantageously be kept constant even after the fusible links have been severed by means of a suitable holding device, in particular during the electrochemical processing of the component.
  • a suitable holding device can also be (also) built by means of additive manufacturing, possibly supplemented by contact or insulation points made of an electrically non-conductive material.
  • the base region of the support structure can preferably already be detached from the construction platform before the start of the electrical eroding.
  • the electrochemical processing of the component can take place in the process chamber in which the component was manufactured, in which case unconsolidated building material has preferably already been removed from the process chamber, and the component and the eroding electrode are in a dielectric suitable for electroerosion.
  • the respective base areas of the support structures can be separated from the construction platform along a separation plane before the start of the electroerosive process, for example by means of the mechanical component (i.e. the separation unit) of the invention Detachment device.
  • the individual base areas which then form the corresponding eroding electrodes with the melt residues remaining on them, can then be used for preferably sequential electrical eroding of the respective components.
  • an eroding electrode for electrochemical processing of a component in the course of additive manufacturing to be initially arranged partly as a support structure of the construction to be produced, which is made possible in particular by means of the predefinable length of the desired melting range.
  • the support structure, ie the subsequent eroding electrode can thus already be provided during the additive manufacturing process and contribute to increasing component quality by improving the separation and / or post-processing process.
  • the eroding electrode enables the surface quality of the component to be optimized as part of a post-treatment of the component following the manufacturing process.
  • the process steps of the preferred detachment method in particular the detachment of the component from the support structure and the electrochemical processing of the component, can take place in direct succession within the same process chamber in which the additive manufacturing of the component also took place.
  • a time-consuming repositioning of the component between different components for example between the device for additive manufacturing and a device for surface processing, can thus be dispensed with.
  • the time required for the aftertreatment of an additive component after the additive manufacturing can advantageously be shortened as a result.
  • the support structure can be at least partially designed such that after the additive manufacturing product has been detached from the support structure, in particular during or as a result of the melting of the support structure in accordance with the detachment method according to the invention, in at least one area of the support structure, preferably in the base area Forms eroding electrode, wherein the eroding electrode can be used for electro-erosion or for eroding away the melt residues of the severed desired melting area remaining on the component.
  • the support structure can preferably be modeled or shaped in a suitable manner by means of a special calculation module before the additive production, as will be explained below.
  • the manufacturing device in particular a control device of the device, finished process control data, for. B. 3D design data, which can be realized with the aid of CAD data, for the production of the component and a number of support structures.
  • the control device can have a memory for an irradiation control protocol with irradiation control data or irradiation control parameters, a control unit, for example a microprocessor or the like, to process the irradiation control protocol, and corresponding suitable interfaces to the components of the device, such as e.g. B. the radiation source, the mirror system or the scanner or other components, to be controlled in accordance with the radiation strategy or the radiation control protocol, ie to apply suitable control signals to the components.
  • the irradiation control data can also include instructions for manufacturing a number of “standard” support structures, i. H. Support structures that were typically arranged in the process space to support the component in previous manufacturing processes.
  • the control device can therefore preferably comprise a support structure data calculation module which is designed so that the support structure to be produced can be recalculated or optimized, preferably on a component-specific basis, on the basis of the irradiation control data.
  • a predetermined melting area can be arranged in the support structure in such a way that the support structure can be detached from the component or from the construction platform in accordance with the detachment method according to the invention.
  • the support structure irradiation control data can be calculated in such a way that the manufacturing device forms a support structure with a target melting area, at least one area of the support structure having an eroding electrode after the target melting area has melted.
  • the optimized irradiation control data can then be passed on to the control unit of the control device, the production device being controlled by the control unit such that the component and the support structure are formed in accordance with the optimized irradiation control data.
  • control device can also have all known conventional components that are present in such control devices for devices for additive manufacturing of manufacturing products.
  • the control device can preferably be implemented in the form of a computer unit with suitable software, and in particular the support structure data calculation module can be implemented in the form of suitable software program parts in the computer unit of the control device.
  • the computer unit can have, for example, one or more cooperating microprocessors or the like.
  • a largely software-based implementation has the advantage that it has already been used Control devices can be retrofitted in a simple manner by means of a software or firmware update in order to work in the manner according to the invention.
  • control device in particular the memory device of the control device, can be designed such that a computer program product with a computer program can be loaded therein in order to carry out the individual process steps of a manufacturing method described above when the program is executed in the control device.
  • Such a computer program product can, in addition to the computer program, optionally additional components such as. B. a documentation and / or additional components, including hardware components such. B. hardware keys (dongles, etc.) for using the software.
  • a computer-readable medium for example a memory stick, a hard disk or another portable or permanently installed data carrier, can be used, on which the program sections readable and executable by a computer unit of the control device can be used of the computer program are stored.
  • a detachment device can be designed in different ways.
  • the detachment device can comprise a data preparation unit for determining the line cross sections of the individual melting bodies of the relevant support structures.
  • Corresponding 3D construction data of the support structures, in particular after optimization by means of the support structure data calculation module, from the additive manufacturing process can be used to calculate the line cross sections.
  • the data processing unit can preferably be implemented in the form of a computing device with suitable software or software program parts.
  • the data preparation unit is preferably designed to determine the electrical current required for complete melting or for local melting of one or more target melting areas and to pass it on as an input variable to a current control unit of the detachment device according to the invention, the calculation for each target melting area, in particular for each melting body, separate can be carried out.
  • the current control unit in turn can be designed to supply the electrical current provided by a current source, the elements by means of the modularly positioned contact elements at the corresponding contact points or by means of at least one induction coil of the coupling device into a region of the component and / or the construction platform or of the base plate and / or of the support structure can be introduced or adjusted according to the specified data of the data processing unit.
  • the current source as well as the current control unit can be implemented as part of a current application device.
  • the modularly positionable contact elements of the detachment device according to the invention can preferably be controlled separately, i. H. the contact elements can be individually supplied with electrical current.
  • the detachment device can comprise a computer program product that enables automated control of various contact elements.
  • Such a computer program product advantageously enables automated, for example sequential, melting or melting of certain support structures.
  • the detachment device preferably comprises a mechanical separation unit for mechanically separating or releasing a connection between the component and the support structure or between the support structure and the construction platform along a predefinable separation plane.
  • the mechanical separation unit of the detachment device according to the invention can comprise at least one band saw and a suitable drive device.
  • the mechanical separation unit can preferably be controlled by the computer program product of the detachment device according to the invention mentioned above, in particular in such a way that mechanical detachment on the one hand and, on the other hand, the electrical melting or melting of at least one target melting range are coordinated or coordinated with one another.
  • the detachment device is suitable for carrying out the detachment method according to the invention for detaching an additive manufacturing product from a support structure and / or for detaching the support structure from a construction platform completely and essentially in an automated manner, ie with only a small amount of manual intervention.
  • a number of support structures of one or more construction parts can be mostly locally or sequentially locally cut or melted, the time required for removing one or more components from the process space of the device can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view, partly in section, of an exemplary embodiment of a device for additive manufacturing of manufacturing products as part of the provision system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of the detachment of a component from a support structure according to an embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for the embodiment of the separation method according to the invention shown in FIG. 2,
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a schematic illustration of the detachment of a component from a support structure according to a further embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of the detachment of a component from a support structure in accordance with a third embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic view, partially in section, of an embodiment of a predetermined melting area according to an embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of the melting through of the target melting area shown in FIG. 7 according to an embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic view, partly in section, of the target melting area shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 and melted according to one embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic view, partly in section, of the melted-down melting area shown in FIG. 9 during electrical discharge machining in accordance with an embodiment of the stripping method according to the invention
  • FIGS. 1 to 15 schematically, partially shown in section, differently designed predetermined melting areas according to several embodiments of the detachment process according to the invention
  • Figure 16 is a schematic representation of the melting of a target melting area according to another embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention.
  • laser sintering device 1 for additive manufacturing of production products 2 in the form of a laser sintering or laser melting device 1, it being explicitly pointed out that the invention is not limited to laser sintering or laser melting devices.
  • the device is therefore briefly referred to below as a “laser sintering device” 1, without any limitation to the generality.
  • Such a laser sintering device 1 is shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the device has a process space 3 or a process chamber 3 with a chamber wall 4, in which the manufacturing process essentially takes place.
  • a container 5 open at the top with a container wall 6.
  • the upper opening of the container 5 forms the respective current working level 7.
  • the area of this working level 7 lying within the opening of the container 5 is referred to as construction field 8 and can be used for Structure of object 2 can be used.
  • the container 5 has a base plate 11 which is movable in a vertical direction V and which is arranged on a carrier 10.
  • the base plate 1 1 closes the container 5 below and thus forms its bottom.
  • the base plate 1 1 can be integral with the carrier
  • a construction platform 12 can be attached as a construction base on which the object 2 is built. In principle, the object 2 can also be on the base plate
  • the basic structure of the object 2 is such that a layer of building material is first applied to the building platform 12, then - as explained later - the building material is selectively solidified with a laser at the points which are to form parts of the object to be manufactured, then with the aid of the carrier 10, the base plate 1 1 and thus the building platform 12 is lowered and a new layer of the building material 13 is applied and then selectively solidified etc. This is shown in FIG. 1 on the building platform
  • construction material 13 As a construction material 13, various electrically conductive materials, preferably powder, can be used. Metallic construction materials and self-conducting or intrinsically conductive plastics are preferably used, but also those plastics which obtain electrical conductivity by adding electrically conductive fillers.
  • a reservoir 14 of the laser sintering device 1 there is fresh construction material 15.
  • the construction material 15 can be applied in the working plane 7 or within the construction field 8 in the form of a thin layer.
  • a radiant heater 17 This can be used to heat the freshly applied building material 15, the building material 15 being essentially heated in the entire building field 8.
  • the amount of basic energy introduced by the heating device 17 into the building material is below the necessary energy at which the building material sinters or even melts.
  • the laser sintering device 1 has a hardening device 20, which is realized here in the form of an irradiation device 20 with a laser 21.
  • the laser 21 generates a laser beam 22, which is deflected via a deflection device 23, so as to be selective in accordance with a predetermined radiation strategy Introduce energy into the areas of the layer to be selectively solidified.
  • this laser beam 22 is focused by a focusing device 24 on the working plane 7 in a suitable manner.
  • the irradiation device 20 is located here preferably outside of the process chamber 3 and the laser beam 22 is guided into the process chamber 3 via a coupling window 25 attached to the top of the process chamber 3 in the chamber wall 4 and strikes the work plane 7 at a certain point, ie the layer currently to be consolidated.
  • the irradiation device 20 can comprise, for example, not just one but several lasers. Preferably, this can be gas or solid-state lasers or any other type of laser such as. B. act laser diodes, in particular VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) or VECSEL (Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) or a line of these lasers.
  • VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser
  • VECSEL Very External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser
  • the laser sintering device 1 also contains (optionally, also below) a sensor arrangement 35 which is suitable for detecting a process radiation emitted in the working plane 7 when the laser beam 22 strikes the building material 15.
  • This sensor arrangement 35 works in a spatially resolved manner, i. H. it is able to record a kind of emission image of the respective layer.
  • An image sensor or a camera which is sufficiently sensitive in the area of the emitted radiation is preferably used as the sensor arrangement 35.
  • one or more sensors could also be used to detect optical and / or thermal process radiation, e.g. B. photodiodes, which detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a molten bath under incident laser beam 22, or temperature sensors for detecting an emitted thermal radiation.
  • the signals detected by the sensor arrangement 35 are transferred here as a process space sensor data record SDS to a control device 30 of the laser sintering device 1, which also serves to control the various components of the laser sintering device 1 for the entire control of the additive manufacturing process.
  • the control device 30 comprises a support structure data calculation module 34, which calculates or optimizes an irradiation strategy for the layered manufacture of the additive component, including an irradiation strategy for the layered manufacture of a number of support structures.
  • the support structure data calculation module can also be permanently or temporarily connected to the control device 30 in terms of signal technology.
  • Process control data PS e.g. 3D construction data
  • the process control data PS can preferably also include control data for the additive manufacturing of the support structures, which can then optionally be modified or optimized by the support structure data calculation module 34 with regard to its later releasability using a method according to the invention.
  • the support structure control data can also be calculated only by means of the support structure data calculation module 34.
  • the support structure control data can be modified and / or calculated by the support structure data calculation module 34, in particular model-specifically so that the component 2 and at least one support structure that is firmly connected to it from the build material 15 according to the radiation strategy (not shown in FIG. 1, see FIG. 2), the support structure being formed by the device 1 in such a way that the support structure has at least one predetermined melting area, the detachment of the component from the support structure and / or the support structure from a construction platform in accordance with the detachment process according to the invention can take place.
  • the control device 30 is constructed in such a way that the laser sintering device 1, in particular the irradiation device 20, is controlled by a control unit 29 in accordance with the radiation strategy previously calculated or optimized by means of the support structure data calculation module 34.
  • the control unit 29 controls the components of the irradiation device 20 in a customary manner, namely here the laser 21, the deflection device 23 and the focusing device 24, and for this purpose transfers these to irradiation control data BS accordingly.
  • the control unit 29 also controls the radiant heater 17 by means of suitable heating control data HS, the coater 16 by means of coating control data ST and the movement of the carrier 10 by means of carrier control data TS.
  • control device 30 can comprise a further control device 31 which, using process control data PS and the process space sensor data record SDS or other suitable process data, determines quality data QD, which can be transferred to the control unit 29 in a variant, for example, in order to regulate the radiation strategy to be taken into account and thus to be able to intervene in the additive manufacturing process.
  • the control device 30 is here z. B. via a bus 36 or other data connec tion, coupled to a terminal 40 with a display or the like. Via this terminal 40, an operator can control the control device 30 and thus the entire laser sintering device 1.
  • the display of the terminal 40 can also be used during the ongoing manufacturing process to visualize the radiation strategy for the manufacture of the component 2 or the support structures and / or the process space sensor data record SDS and / or the quality data QD.
  • FIG. 1 an exemplary embodiment of a detaching device 37 according to the invention is also shown in FIG. 1 as a block diagram.
  • the detachment device 37 here comprises a mechanical separation unit 54, a current application device 38 with an electrical current source 56 and a current control unit 57, and a data processing unit 71.
  • the detachment device 37 can also include further components, as will be explained in detail in the following description of the figures.
  • the detachment device 37 is connected via a bus 36 to the previously explained components of the laser sintering device 1.
  • B. the data on the components, in particular the geometry of the support structures and the predetermined melting areas, the specific resistance of the material, etc., is obtained and thus z. B. can determine the required voltages or currents.
  • the present invention is not limited to such a laser sintering device 1. It can be applied to any other method for the generative or additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object by, in particular in layers, applying and selectively solidifying a building material, wherein an energy beam for solidifying is emitted onto the building material to be solidified.
  • the irradiation device can not only be a laser, as described here, but any device could be used with which energy as wave or particle radiation can be selectively applied to or into the construction material.
  • another light source e.g. B. an electron beam, etc. can be used.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention.
  • An additive component 2 is connected to a construction platform 12 of the additive manufacturing device by means of a one-piece support structure 50.
  • the support structure 50 could also be attached to a base plate (not shown here) of the device be connected.
  • the support structure 50 comprises a “block-like” base region 52 of the support structure and, in the direction of the component 2, a “branched” target melting region 51.
  • the target melting region 51 here comprises a plurality of individual melting bodies 65 that are essentially parallel to one another.
  • the fusible bodies 65 of the support structure 50 are firmly connected to an area of the component 2, in particular by means of material bonding.
  • the target melting area 51 is thus arranged in a region of the support structure 50 that is closer to the additive component 2 than the building platform 12 or the base plate of the device.
  • the construction platform 12 of the device is fixed, again preferably by means of a material bond, to the base region 52 of the support structure 50.
  • a voltage can be applied in a region of the component 2 and the construction platform 12, so that an electrical current flows at least between these two regions.
  • the voltage is preferably applied to defined contact points 59, 59 ′′ using contact elements 66, 66 ′′ that can be positioned in a modular manner in the current application device 38 according to the invention.
  • contact point 59 here on component 2
  • contact point 59 can e.g. B. with the help of a "contact flag" 59
  • the corresponding contact telement 66 can be realized by means of a crocodile clip 66 or the like.
  • the contact point 59 ' With the aid of a socket 59' and the contact element 66 'by means of a form-fitting connector 66', for. B. a banana plug, realized.
  • the contact elements 66, 66 ' are connected directly to an external power source 56 via cables.
  • the electrical circuit thus includes the additive component 2, the support structure 50 and the build platform 12.
  • An electrical resistance R2 of the predetermined melting area 51 is preferably greater than an electrical resistance R1 of the additive component 2 and also as an electrical resistance R3 of the base area 52 of the support structure (see also the equivalent circuit diagram in FIG. 3, where R2 »R1 and R2» R3).
  • the greatest electrical resistance R2 of the electrical circuit is realized in the area of the target melting area 51 of the support structure.
  • the electrical resistance R2 can preferably be maximized by the material cross section or the line cross section of the desired Melting area 51 compared to a material cross section of the additive component 2 or the base area 52 of the support structure is reduced.
  • the current source 56 is preferably coupled to a control unit 57, preferably a current control unit 57 (FIG. 2).
  • the current control unit 57 can also be designed as part of the current source 56 itself, or can be integrated therein.
  • the current control unit 57 is preferably designed to control the current source 56 in such a way that the current in the predetermined melting area 51 is so large, as described, that the predetermined melting area 51 is completely melted or severed as a result of the electrical current. Alternatively, the supplied electrical current can only lead to local melting, so that mechanical work is still required to detach the component 2 from the support structure 50.
  • the current source 56, the current control unit 57 and the corresponding coupling devices (66, 66 ') can be implemented as part of the current application device 38 (see FIG. 2).
  • the current control unit 57 can preferably be coupled to a data preparation unit 71 (see FIG. 1), the data preparation unit 71 being designed to determine the electrical current that is required for complete melting or for melting the target melting region 51 of the support structure 50 and to be passed on to the current control unit 57 as an input variable.
  • the determination of the required current strength by the data preparation unit 71 can in turn be carried out on the basis of corresponding 3D construction data of the support structures, which can be provided, for example, by the support structure data calculation module 34 (see FIG. 1).
  • the support structure data calculation module 34 see FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention, the additive component 2 here being connected directly to the building platform 12 by means of a vertical extrusion 9 belonging to the component 2 itself.
  • the additive component 2 is directly connected to the construction platform 12 by means of two separate support structures 50, 50 '.
  • the support structures 50, 50 'each comprise a base region 52, 52' and a target melting area 51, 51 ', with the respective target melting area 51, 51' also comprising a number of individual melting bodies 65, 65 '.
  • the component 2 must first be mechanically separated from the construction platform 12.
  • the separation can preferably take place by means of a mechanical separation unit 54, which can comprise, for example, one or more band saw blades 55 as well as a movement mechanism and a motor (not shown here).
  • the base regions 52, 52 'of the support structures 50, 50' can also be separated from the construction platform.
  • the areas of the support structures 50, 50 'remaining on the component 2 can be detached from the component 2 in a further step, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows component 2 with a massive extrusion 9 according to FIG. 4, component 2 having already been separated from the construction platform here by means of a mechanical separation unit.
  • the base areas 52, 52' of the two support structures 50, 50 'in the area of the contact points 59', 59 can each be provided with a separate contact element 66 ', 66 ”can be connected.
  • an area of the additive construction part 2, preferably the contact point 59 can be connected to a contact element 66.
  • the individual modularly positionable contact elements 66, 66 ′′, 66 ′′ can preferably be controlled separately by the detachment device according to the invention, ie. H. can be individually supplied with electrical current.
  • the detachment device can include a control program 70, which could be implemented, for example, with the aid of a computer program 70 in the current control unit 57 and which enables the individual contact elements 66, 66 ', 66 ”to be controlled essentially automatically.
  • a control program 70 which could be implemented, for example, with the aid of a computer program 70 in the current control unit 57 and which enables the individual contact elements 66, 66 ', 66 ”to be controlled essentially automatically.
  • an electrical voltage initially only at a contact point 59 'of a first support structure 50 (shown on the left in this figure) and on additive component 2 is applied, only the two corresponding contact elements 66, 66 'being supplied with electrical current.
  • the target melting area 51 of the support structure 50 shown on the left in this figure can thus be melted or locally weakened.
  • a contact element 66 ′′ in the region of the support structure 50 ′ shown here on the right and the contact element 66 on the component 2 can be supplied with electrical current in order to melt through or weaken the target melting area 51 ′ of the support structure 50 ′.
  • the two contact elements 66 ′′, 66 ′′ of the two support structures 50, 50 ′′ could also be subjected to an electrical current at the same time, so that the two predetermined melting areas 51, 51 ′′ are melted substantially simultaneously.
  • the two contact elements 66 ′′, 66 ′′ of the two support structures 50, 50 ′′ could also be subjected to an electrical current at the same time, so that the two predetermined melting areas 51, 51 ′′ are melted substantially simultaneously.
  • the two predetermined melting areas 51, 51 ′′ are melted substantially simultaneously.
  • To increase the separation of the two support structures 50, 50 'from the component 2 is preferably carried out sequentially.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention.
  • the additive component 2 is connected to the construction platform 12 by means of two separate support structures 50, 50 ', an electrical current in this area in a region of the support structures 50, 50' in the form of eddy currents from the outside and without direct contact between the component 2 or the construction platform 12 and a current source is induced.
  • the relevant points are surrounded by a single induction coil 58.
  • the induction coil 58 can be coupled to a current control unit 57 and a current source 56.
  • the current control unit 57 controls the strength of the current flow through the induction coil 58, the strength of the electromagnetic field and thus the current flow through the support structures 50, 50 'according to the input data of the aforementioned data processing unit 71 (see FIG. 1), in particular in this way that at least one area of the support structures 50, 50 'is completely melted or locally weakened.
  • the induction coil 58 can also completely enclose the process chamber of the device (not shown here) from the outside.
  • the eddy current losses in a region of the support structures 50, 50 ', in particular in the predetermined melting areas (here covered by the induction coil 58) of the support structures 50, 50' can preferably be maximized by a special configuration of the support structures 50, 50 'in such a way that the target melting areas are completely melted or locally melted due to the corresponding heat development.
  • Such a configuration or modeling of the support structures 50 can preferably be carried out by means of the support structure data calculation module 37 shown in FIG.
  • the entirety of the support structures 50, 50 ′, which are arranged between the component 2 and the construction platform 12, is equally comprised by only one alternating electromagnetic field.
  • the complexity of the detachment process of the additive component 2 from a number of support structures 50, 50 'can thereby be further simplified.
  • the induction coil 58 is implemented here as part of the detachment device 37 according to the invention (see FIG. 1).
  • the alternating magnetic field generated by the induction coil 58 can be spatially limited locally, for example by means of a suitable limiting device.
  • the induction coil 58 is preferably designed and arranged in such a way that at least the component 2 is essentially completely circumferential outside the heat-affected zone of the alternating magnetic field. This means that preferably no eddy currents are generated by the coil 58 within the component 2.
  • the induction coil 58 can be vertically adjustable, ie the induction coil 58 can be moved vertically along the longitudinal extent of the support structures 50, 50 '. Subsequently, the effective range of the alternating magnetic field or a range of the maximum eddy currents can also be shifted vertically along the longitudinal extension of the support structures 50, 50 '.
  • a detachment device 37 could also comprise a plurality of vertically adjustable induction coils 58. FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a detailed illustration of a support structure 50, in particular a target melting area 51, according to an embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention, the target melting area 51 being realized here by means of a number of predominantly parallel melting bars 60.
  • the fusible links 60 which can alternatively also be referred to as melting struts 60, form the individual melting bodies of the target melting region 51 in this exemplary embodiment (see FIG. 2).
  • Such a configuration of the target melting area 51 with a number of wire or tube-like melting webs 60 arranged essentially parallel to one another can also be referred to as a “forest of thin wires”.
  • a central region of the fusible links 60 can have an essentially cylindrical shape.
  • the individual fusible links 60 are connected directly to the additive component 2 in an upper apical region at a contact point 61.
  • the fusible links 60 are firmly connected at a contact point 69 to the base area 52 of a one-piece support structure 50.
  • each individual fusible link 60 is enlarged at the respective contact points 61, 69 compared to a minimum line cross section of the relevant fusible link 60.
  • the area of the minimum line cross section or the minimum material cross section of the fusible links 60 which likewise corresponds to the area of the highest electrical resistance, is preferably in one middle region of the fusible links 60 arranged.
  • This area of greatest electrical resistance, in which the support structure 50 is melted or is separated as a result of the electric current can also be referred to as the separation area of the support structure 50 or of the target melting area 51 (see FIG. 16).
  • the separation region 68 does not directly adjoin the component 2, the contact point between the target melting region 51 and component 2 being realized with the aid of a melting addition 64.
  • the target melting area 51 preferably melts completely in the area of the separation area 68 or is locally weakened. After the severing of the target melting area 51 - as shown in FIG. 16 on the right side - a melting residue 63 remains on the detached component 2 in the area of the melting addition, a “melting crater” 67, ie a hole or a cavity, being avoided in the component 2.
  • FIG. 8 shows the target melting area 51 from FIG. 7, the target melting area 51 being melted or melted here in accordance with an embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention.
  • an electrical current is fed directly to the additive component 2 and to the base region 52 by means of contact elements 66, 66 ', the contact elements 66, 66' being connected to a current source 56 or a current control unit 57.
  • the individual fusible links 60 heat up particularly strongly, in particular in a region of the minimum line cross section, so that the target fusible region 51 is completely melted or locally melted, similar to a fuse.
  • FIG. 9 shows the target melting area 51 according to FIGS. 7 and 8, the target melting area 51 having already been completely melted here by means of an embodiment of the detachment method according to the invention.
  • the fusible links originally arranged in the target melting area 51 have been completely removed due to the electric current, i. H. essentially according to their entire length, melted, there being no more direct or fixed connection between the component 2 and the base region 52 of the support structure 50, so that the component 2 can be removed from the process space of the device.
  • melt residue 63 on the additive component 2 or on the base region 52 of the support structure 50 After melting of the target melting area 51 remains only in a loading area of the melt addition, that is. H. for each melted melt web, a melt residue 63 on the additive component 2 or on the base region 52 of the support structure 50.
  • the base-like melt residues 63 thus represent the remains of the melt webs originally arranged in the target melting region 51.
  • These melting residues 63 on component 2 can now advantageously be removed by means of an electroerosive method, wherein preferably the melting residues 63 on the base region 52 of the support structure 50 can be used. This is shown schematically in FIG. 10.
  • the support structure 50 in particular the base region 52 of the support structure 50, can be produced in a manufacturing process. Ren are formed such that an eroding electrode 62 is formed in the base region 52 of the support structure 50 as a result of the previously melting through of the target melting region 51 according to the invention.
  • the additive component 2 and the base region 52 of the support structure can be connected to an external current source 56 or a current control unit 57 by means of contact elements 66, 66 '.
  • the eroding electrode 62, i. H. the base region 52 is contacted cathodically, while the additive component 2 is contacted anodically.
  • the two electrodes, i. H. the component 2 and the base region 52 may be arranged in a suitable non-conductive medium or a dielectric (not shown here).
  • a vertical distance between the component 2 and the base region 52 or the eroding electrode 62 can be determined by the longitudinal extent of the target melting region 51, in particular by the length of the fusible links (see FIG. 7).
  • the component 2 and the eroding electrode 62 can already be formed with a distance from one another that is suitable for electrical eroding during the additive manufacturing.
  • the component 2 and / or the eroding electrode 62 can be connected with a suitable holding device (not shown here).
  • FIGS. 11 to 15 schematically show different configurations of support structures or predetermined melting areas which can be melted or locally melted by means of the detaching method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows in detail an embodiment of a one-piece support structure 50.
  • the support structure 50 comprises a “lattice-shaped” or “lattice-grid-like” base region 52, the individual inner walls being arranged according to a predetermined, constant grid dimension.
  • the outer walls as well as some of the inner walls of the base region 52 are, at least in sections, vertically extended in the direction of the component (not shown here) and thus form the target melting region 51.
  • the target melting region 51 is formed here by means of a number of relatively thin surfaces deten, wall-like melting bodies 65 with a pyramid-shaped realized contour, wherein the melting body 65 are simply extended as parts of the walls of the grid-like base region 52 upwards.
  • the individual melting bodies 65 are thus connected to the common base region 52 in a basal region.
  • the upper or apical part of the melting body 65 opposite the base region 52 of the support structure 50, which realizes the connection surface of the support structure 50 to the component, is designed here in the form of a narrow carrier or bar.
  • the melting bodies 65 are only arranged on some of the inner walls of the base region 52, which could alternatively also be formed by means of supporting or transverse bars. In principle, however, all inner walls or supporting rods located in the interior of the base region 52 can be involved in the formation of the predetermined melting region 51.
  • connection surface could also have a different geometry, as is shown in FIGS. 12 to 15.
  • the melting bodies described in more detail below could be connected to the base region of a support structure in a basal region and to the component in an apical region.
  • the melting body 65 shown in FIG. 12 is characterized by an approximately cylindrical geometry. Accordingly, the connection surface of the target melting area to the component would be essentially circular.
  • FIG. 13 shows a melting body 65 which has an approximately cross-shaped cross section. Accordingly, the connection surface of the melting body 65 to the component would be realized here by means of two crossed supports or four “spokes”.
  • the melting body 65 in FIG. 14 comprises six essentially “spokes” arranged in a star shape. Deviating from the embodiments shown here, the connec tion surface could also, for. B. include only a single "spoke”.
  • the melting body 65 can also have a cylindrical, conical or a hollow conical configuration. It is also conceivable that a melting body 65 is formed in the shape of a hemisphere between the component and the base region of the support structure. As previously explained, the design of the target melting range, in particular with regard to the number and design of the individual melting bodies, can be determined on a component-specific basis will. The detachment method according to the invention is therefore not limited to a specific configuration of the melting body or the support structure.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour détacher un produit de fabrication additive (2) d'une structure de support (50, 50') et/ou pour détacher la structure de support (50, 50') d'une plate-forme de construction (12) en utilisant un courant électrique dans au moins une zone de fusion voulue (51, 51') de la structure de support (50, 50'), de sorte que le courant électrique entraîne la fusion de la structure de support (50, 50') dans au moins une portion de la zone de fusion voulue (51, 51'). En option, le procédé peut comprendre au moins une étape de séparation.
PCT/EP2019/078527 2018-10-31 2019-10-21 Enlèvement thermoélectrique de structures de support WO2020088967A1 (fr)

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US20220203453A1 (en) * 2020-12-29 2022-06-30 3D Systems, Inc. Branching Support for Metals That Minimizes Material Usage
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DE102021208164A1 (de) * 2021-07-28 2023-02-02 Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen Verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch additive Fertigung
DE102022127209A1 (de) 2022-10-18 2024-04-18 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Fertigungssystem und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen

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US12005502B2 (en) * 2021-12-09 2024-06-11 3D Systems, Inc. Branching support for metals that minimizes material usage

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