WO2020073979A1 - 一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极 - Google Patents

一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极 Download PDF

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WO2020073979A1
WO2020073979A1 PCT/CN2019/110533 CN2019110533W WO2020073979A1 WO 2020073979 A1 WO2020073979 A1 WO 2020073979A1 CN 2019110533 W CN2019110533 W CN 2019110533W WO 2020073979 A1 WO2020073979 A1 WO 2020073979A1
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circuit
shielding
active electrode
pcb
voltage follower
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French (fr)
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刘红星
屈永东
刘乐
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Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/291—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/296—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electromyography [EMG]

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a shielded active electrode for physiological electrical detection.
  • Physiological electrical signals refer to electrical signals carrying physiological information, such as electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, myoelectricity, etc.
  • Active electrodes Active Electrodes, AE
  • AE Active Electrodes
  • the active electrode is impedance converted by its built-in circuit near the measuring point, and its low output impedance can improve the accuracy of the detection circuit and the robustness to environmental interference, such as suppressing 50Hz or 60Hz AC interference and weakening the cable Motion artifacts (cable motion artifacts), etc.
  • Arrangement of shielding treatment for the active electrode can further suppress the 50Hz or 60Hz AC interference, weaken the artifacts of the cable movement, and at the same time, it can also effectively suppress the radio frequency interference of mobile phones.
  • shield the active electrode There are two ways to shield the active electrode. One is to connect the output of the active electrode directly to the shield, and the other is to connect the "virtual" ground of the active electrode to the shield through a voltage follower. As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 respectively. Regardless of the shielding circuit, at present, there are mainly two types of shields, one is a single PCB circuit board style, and the other is a single PCB circuit board plus shield cover style.
  • the first type of shield single PCB circuit board style provides a certain shielding effect by providing a shielding layer and a shielding ring, but the shielding surface is not large enough.
  • the detection board is connected to the input of the operational amplifier, the output of the operational amplifier is connected to the shield, and the copper-plated through holes communicate with each shield layer / ring, but the operational amplifier and other devices on the upper device layer are bare and unshielded.
  • the active electrode in FIG. 8 is used for non-contact detection, so an insulating layer is provided on the shield ring and the detection disk.
  • FIG. 9 Another type of shielding body-a single PCB circuit board plus a shielding cover, as shown in Figure 9. Although this style increases the shielding area due to the use of the shield, the fixed installation of the shield is inconvenient.
  • the DC power supply supplies the voltage follower basic circuit and the "virtual ground” feedback circuit;
  • the voltage follower basic circuit is an op amp-based voltage follower whose input is human body measurement Point potential, and output potential to the back-end circuit;
  • “virtual ground” feedback circuit mainly includes a voltage follower based on operational amplifier and a current limiting resistor, "virtual ground” feedback to the human body through the voltage follower and current limiting resistor in turn table.
  • V + and V- are the positive and negative ends of the DC power supply; the potential vin at the measurement point A on the body surface is input to the operational amplifier A1, and its output vout is connected to the back-end circuit to form the basic circuit of the voltage follower of the active electrode ; Bypass the V + and V- ends of the positive and negative ends of the DC power supply, and connect two equal-value resistors R in series, then the potential of the middle connection point G of the two resistors R is (V ++ V-) / 2, which may be called Point potential points form a "virtual ground”, and then input the "virtual ground” potential into the voltage follower A2 based on the operational amplifier, and its output is fed back to another point F on the body surface through the current limiting resistor r, forming a "virtual ground” feedback circuit.
  • This patent application protects the basic circuit part scheme of the active electrode, and does not limit the shielding part of the active electrode.
  • a shielded active electrode solution for physiological electrical detection is proposed. On the one hand, it has a large shielding area and guarantees the shielding effect. On the other hand, it is convenient and reliable to install and fix.
  • the invention relates to a shielded active electrode for physiological electrical detection, which is characterized in that (1) it includes three PCB boards on the upper, middle and lower sides, the three PCB boards are stacked together, and are welded into a whole by welding seams; (2) Each PCB board has at least 2 copper-clad shielding layers, and all the copper-plated shielding layers of each PCB board are connected through copper-plated through-holes; (3) The shielding bodies of the upper, middle, and lower PCB boards are welded through the welds between the boards To form a complete shield; (4) operational amplifiers and other devices are distributed on the upper surface of the lower PCB or the lower surface of the upper PCB, surrounded by the complete shield.
  • the overall structure is shown in FIG. 1, and the structural schematic diagrams of the upper, middle, and lower PCB boards are shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4, respectively.
  • the shielded active electrode for physiological electrical detection it is characterized in that its circuit includes a voltage following basic circuit, a "virtual ground” feedback circuit, a shielding circuit and a DC power supply.
  • the DC power supply follows the voltage
  • the basic circuit, the "virtual ground” feedback circuit and the shielding circuit are powered by three parts;
  • the voltage follower basic circuit is a voltage follower based on an operational amplifier, whose input is the human body measuring point potential and outputs the potential to the back-end circuit;
  • the feedback circuit mainly includes an op amp-based voltage follower and a current-limiting resistor.
  • V + and V- are the positive and negative ends of the DC power supply; the potential vin at the measurement point A on the body surface is input to the operational amplifier A1, and its output vout is connected to the back-end circuit to form the basic circuit of the voltage follower of the active electrode ; Bypass the V + and V- ends of the positive and negative ends of the DC power supply, and connect two equal-value resistors R in series, then the potential of the middle connection point G of the two resistors R is (V ++ V-) / 2, which may be called Point potential point to form a "virtual ground”, and then input the "virtual ground” potential to the voltage follower A2 based on the operational amplifier, and its output is fed back to another point F on the body surface through the current limiting resistor r, forming a "
  • the shielded active electrode for physiological electrical detection it is characterized in that its circuit includes a voltage following basic circuit, a "virtual ground” feedback circuit, a shielding circuit and a DC power supply.
  • the basic circuit, the "virtual ground” feedback circuit and the shielding circuit are powered by three parts;
  • the voltage follower basic circuit is a voltage follower based on an operational amplifier, whose input is the human body measuring point potential and outputs the potential to the back-end circuit;
  • the feedback circuit mainly includes a voltage follower based on an operational amplifier and a current limiting resistor.
  • V + and V- are the positive and negative ends of the DC power supply; the potential vin at the measurement point A on the body surface is input to the operational amplifier A1, and its output vout is connected to the back-end circuit to form the basic circuit of the voltage follower of the active electrode ; Bypass the V + and V- ends of the positive and negative ends of the DC power supply, and connect two equal-value resistors R in series, then the potential of the middle connection point G of the two resistors R is (V ++ V-) / 2, which may be called Point potential point to form a "virtual ground”, and then input the "virtual ground” potential to the voltage follower A2 based on the operational amplifier, and its output is fed back to another point F on the body surface through the current limiting resistor r,
  • the shielded active electrode for physiological electrical detection it is characterized in that the upper, middle and lower three PCB boards not only have several copper-plated through holes connecting different copper-plated shielding layers in the board, but also each PCB There are two positioning through holes on the board, and the positions of the positioning through holes on the three PCB boards correspond to facilitate the positioning between the three PCB boards when they are stacked and soldered. See Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4.
  • This shielded active electrode scheme is designed with three PCB boards stacked and welded together. It is very reliable, even one screw is not needed, and the welding seam between the boards also serves as wiring. The structure is compact and clever. On the other hand, it has a more complete shielding body and better shielding effect than the single-board PCB shielding style active electrode.
  • the inventor made shielded active electrodes according to the proposed technical solution. See the examples for details, and conducted comparative test experiments.
  • the core module of the test device is the USB 6289 module of NI company.
  • Connected to the computer and written the corresponding software a set of high-precision 2-channel voltage synchronous acquisition system with signal processing function is constructed. Use this system to collect two voltage signals simultaneously in differential mode.
  • One channel is a voltage signal from the left arm to the right arm based on the unshielded active electrode.
  • the two electrode clips near the wrist in Figure 10 are unshielded active electrode clips
  • the other way is based on the voltage signal from the left arm to the right arm of the shielded active electrode of the present invention-the two electrode clips far from the wrist in FIG. 10 are the shielded active electrode of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 shows the waveforms of the two signals recorded in this case; in Fig. 12, the upper two figures are the signal waveform diagram and the spectrum diagram based on the unshielded active electrode, and the lower two figures are the shielded active diagrams based on the present invention. Electrode signal waveform diagram and spectrum diagram.
  • the detection result of the unshielded active electrode shows strong cell phone interference, while the detection result of the shielded active electrode of the present invention is almost invisible. After many experiments by many subjects, the conclusion is consistent. It shows the strong anti-jamming effect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the shielded active electrode of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the PCB board on the shielded active electrode of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the PCB board in the shielded active electrode of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the PCB board under the shielded active electrode of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the basic circuit principle of an active electrode invented in the past
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the active electrode output driving shield of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the “virtual ground” driving shield of the active electrode circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 Schematic diagram of electrode placement in the comparative test of shielded active and unshielded active electrodes
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the comparative test result of the shielded active electrode of the present invention.
  • the upper, middle, and lower PCBs are designed and made in kind, and the devices of the three boards are welded, and the upper, middle, and lower boards are stacked and welded together to form the shield.
  • the body module of the source electrode as shown in the upper left figure of Figure 11, at the same time, according to the patent application "a multifunctional ECG detection limb clip facing the active electrode” (application number 201810370809.1 filing date 20180424), a double-column limb clip is made As shown in the upper right diagram of FIG. 11, combining them forms a complete clip-on shield active electrode, as shown in the lower portion of FIG. 11.
  • the DC power supply selected the 3V battery CR2032, the two operational amplifiers A1 and A2 as the core device selected the OPA320, the two resistors R selected 100k ⁇ , and the current limiting resistor r chose 0 ⁇ for convenience.
  • the connection welds of the three upper, middle and lower PCB boards are arranged as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4; the device is only arranged on the upper surface of the lower PCB board, and the corresponding four welds are simultaneously The connection between the power supply V +, V-, output vout and shielding board. Both a probe and a feedback connector on the input end use concave buttons, and the connector on the output end uses convex buttons.
  • the inventor has also implemented the shielding method according to FIG. 7, OP3 was selected for A3, and other parts are basically the same as those in FIG. 6.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极，其特征在于，(1)它包括上中下三块PCB板，三块PCB板叠在一起，通过焊缝焊为一个整体；(2)每块PCB板都至少有2层敷铜屏蔽层，每块PCB板的所有敷铜屏蔽层通过镀铜通孔连通；(3)上中下三块PCB板的屏蔽体通过板间焊缝焊接，形成一个完整屏蔽体；(4)运算放大器等器件分布在下PCB板的上表层或上PCB板的下表层，被完整屏蔽体所包围。本屏蔽有源电极方案，连接牢靠，结构紧凑，屏蔽效果好，能有效抑制干扰和噪声，特别是手机干扰。

Description

一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极
本申请要求于2018年10月11日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN201811199712.5、申请名称为“一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极。
生理电信号指心电、脑电、肌电等携带生理信息的电信号。有源电极(Active Electrodes,AE),即内置有一些检测电路的电极，它在生理信号检测特别是可穿戴场合中的应用越来越多。其原因是：有源电极在测点附近由其内置电路实现阻抗转换，其低的输出阻抗可提高检测电路的精度和对环境干扰的鲁棒性，如抑制50Hz或60Hz交流干扰、减弱线缆运动伪迹(cable motion artifacts)等。对有源电极安排屏蔽处理，可进一步抑制50Hz或60Hz交流干扰、减弱线缆运动伪迹，同时，还能有效抑制手机等的射频干扰。
背景技术
有源电极的屏蔽，就电路而言，有两种方式，一种是将有源电极的输出直接连至屏蔽体，一种是将有源电极的“虚拟”地通过电压跟随器连至屏蔽体，分别如附图6、附图7所示。不管怎样的屏蔽电路，目前，关于屏蔽体的样式主要是两种，一种是单块PCB线路板样式，一种是单块PCB线路板加屏蔽罩样式。
第一种屏蔽体单块PCB线路板样式，如附图8所示，通过设置屏蔽层、屏蔽环来起到一定屏蔽作用，但屏蔽面不够大。在附图8例中，检测盘连接运算放大器输入，运算放大器输出连接屏蔽体，镀铜通孔连通各屏蔽层/环，但上部器件层的运算放大器等器件裸露、无屏蔽。附图8 中的有源电极用于非接触检测，故在屏蔽环和检测盘上面设置了绝缘层。
另一种屏蔽体样式——单块PCB线路板加屏蔽罩，如附图9所示。尽管此样式由于屏蔽罩的使用，增大了屏蔽面积，但屏蔽罩的固定安装不方便。
专利申请“一种用于生理电信号检测的有源电极”(申请号201810180948.8)中，申请保护一种有源电极电路方案，如图5所示，其特征在于，它的电路包括电压跟随基本电路、“虚拟地”反馈电路和直流电源三个部分，直流电源给电压跟随基本电路、“虚拟地”反馈电路供电；电压跟随基本电路是一个基于运算放大器的电压跟随器，其输入为人体测点电位，并输出电位给后端电路；“虚拟地”反馈电路主要包括一个基于运算放大器的电压跟随器和一个限流电阻，“虚拟地”依次通过电压跟随器和限流电阻反馈至人体体表。附图5中，V+和V-为直流电源的正负两端；体表测点A处的电位vin输入运算放大器A1,其输出vout连接至后端电路，构成有源电极的电压跟随基本电路；直流电源正负两端V+和V-的旁路，串接两等值电阻R，则两电阻R中间连接点G的电位为(V++V-)/2,不妨叫电源两端中点电位点，形成“虚拟地”，再将“虚拟地”电位输入基于运算放大器的电压跟随器A2,其输出通过限流电阻r反馈至体表另一点F，构成“虚拟地”反馈电路。此专利申请保护的是有源电极的基本电路部分方案，对有源电极的屏蔽部分并没有给予限定。
参考文献：
[1]Jiawei Xu,Srinjoy Mitra,Chris Van Hoof,Refet Firat Yazicioglu and Kofi A.A.Makinwa,Active Electrodes for Wearable EEG Acquisition:Review and Electronics Design Methodology,DOI 10.1109/RBME.2017.2656388,IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
[2]刘红星，屈永东，刘乐：一种用于生理电信号检测的有源电极，专利申请201810180948.8，申请日20180302
[3]刘红星，刘乐，屈永东：一种面向有源电极的多功能心电检测肢体夹, 专利申请201810370809.1，申请日20180424
发明内容
发明目的。
提出一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极方案，一方面有大的屏蔽面积、保障屏蔽效果，另一方面安装固定方便可靠。
技术方案。
本发明涉及一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极，其特征在于，(1)它包括上中下三块PCB板，三块PCB板叠在一起，通过焊缝焊为一个整体；(2)每块PCB板都至少有2层敷铜屏蔽层，每块PCB板的所有敷铜屏蔽层通过镀铜通孔连通；(3)上中下三块PCB板的屏蔽体通过板间焊缝焊接，形成一个完整屏蔽体；(4)运算放大器等器件分布在下PCB板的上表层或上PCB板的下表层，被完整屏蔽体所包围。其整体结构见附图1所示，上中下三块PCB板的结构示意图分别见附图2、附图3和附图4所示。
根据以上所述的一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极，其特征在于，它的电路包括电压跟随基本电路、“虚拟地”反馈电路、屏蔽电路和直流电源四个部分，直流电源给电压跟随基本电路、“虚拟地”反馈电路和屏蔽电路三部分供电；电压跟随基本电路是一个基于运算放大器的电压跟随器，其输入为人体测点电位，并输出电位给后端电路；“虚拟地”反馈电路主要包括一个基于运算放大器的电压跟随器和一个限流电阻，“虚拟地”依次通过电压跟随器和限流电阻反馈至人体体表；屏蔽电路将电压跟随基本电路的输出连接至屏蔽体。见附图6所示。附图6中，V+和V-为直流电源的正负两端；体表测点A处的电位vin输入运算放大器A1,其输出vout连接至后端电路，构成有源电极的电压跟随基本电路；直流电源正负两端V+和V-的旁路，串接两等值电阻R，则两电阻R中间连接点G的电位为(V++V-)/2,不妨叫电源两端中点电位点，形成“虚拟地”，再 将“虚拟地”电位输入基于运算放大器的电压跟随器A2,其输出通过限流电阻r反馈至体表另一点F，构成“虚拟地”反馈电路；输出vout同时与屏蔽体连接，见附图6中S点，形成屏蔽电路。
根据以上所述的一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极，其特征在于，它的电路包括电压跟随基本电路、“虚拟地”反馈电路、屏蔽电路和直流电源四个部分，直流电源给电压跟随基本电路、“虚拟地”反馈电路和屏蔽电路三部分供电；电压跟随基本电路是一个基于运算放大器的电压跟随器，其输入为人体测点电位，并输出电位给后端电路；“虚拟地”反馈电路主要包括一个基于运算放大器的电压跟随器和一个限流电阻，“虚拟地”依次通过电压跟随器和限流电阻反馈至人体体表；屏蔽电路将“虚拟地”通过一个电压跟随电路后连至屏蔽体。见附图7所示。附图7中，V+和V-为直流电源的正负两端；体表测点A处的电位vin输入运算放大器A1,其输出vout连接至后端电路，构成有源电极的电压跟随基本电路；直流电源正负两端V+和V-的旁路，串接两等值电阻R，则两电阻R中间连接点G的电位为(V++V-)/2,不妨叫电源两端中点电位点，形成“虚拟地”，再将“虚拟地”电位输入基于运算放大器的电压跟随器A2,其输出通过限流电阻r反馈至体表另一点F，构成“虚拟地”反馈电路；同时，将“虚拟地”电位输入基于运算放大器的电压跟随器A3,并将A3输出与屏蔽体连接，见附图7中S点，形成屏蔽电路。
根据以上所述的一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极，其特征在于，上中下三块PCB板上不仅都有连接板内不同敷铜屏蔽层的镀铜通孔若干，而且每个PCB上还有2个定位通孔，三块PCB板上的定位通孔的位置对应，以方便将三块PCB板叠放和焊接时的板间定位。见附图2、附图3和附图4所示。
有益效果。
本屏蔽有源电极方案，采用三块PCB板叠焊一起的设计，非常牢靠，连一个螺丝钉都不用，而且板间连接焊缝兼做走线，结构紧凑，很巧妙。另一方面，与单块PCB板屏蔽样式有源电极相比，它有比较完整的屏蔽 体，屏蔽效果更好。
发明人按提出的本技术方案制作了屏蔽有源电极，详见实施例，并进行了对比性测试实验。测试装置的核心模块是NI公司的USB 6289模块，连接计算机并编写相应软件，构建了一套高精度的带信号处理功能的2路电压同步采集系统。用此系统以差分模式同步采集两路电压信号，一路为基于非屏蔽有源电极的左臂一点对右臂一点的电压信号，附图10中靠近手腕两个电极夹为非屏蔽有源电极夹，另一路为基于本发明屏蔽有源电极的左臂一点对右臂一点的电压信号——附图10中远离手腕的两电极夹为本发明屏蔽有源电极。
测试实验。同步采样率设置为128kHz，对同步采集的两路信号均进行通带为0.5-80Hz的一实时FIR带通滤波，滤波器的单位样值响应h(n)长度取为10秒。受试者保持安静、电缆不动，数据记录期间，旁人拨打受试者的手机形成干扰。附图12为此情况下记录的两路信号的波形；附图12中，上两图分别为基于无屏蔽有源电极的信号波形图和频谱图，下两图分别为基于本发明屏蔽有源电极的信号波形图和频谱图。显然，无屏蔽有源电极的检测结果中显示出强的手机干扰，而本发明屏蔽有源电极的检测结果中几乎看不到此项干扰。经多位受试者的多次实验，结论一致。显示出本发明强的抗手机干扰的效果。
附图说明
图1，本发明屏蔽有源电极整体结构示意图
图2，本发明屏蔽有源电极上PCB板结构示意图
图3，本发明屏蔽有源电极中PCB板结构示意图
图4，本发明屏蔽有源电极下PCB板结构示意图
图5，先前发明的一种有源电极基本电路原理示意图
图6，本发明有源电极输出驱动屏蔽体示意图
图7，本发明有源电极电路“虚拟地”驱动屏蔽体示意图
图8，传统的单块PCB线路板屏蔽体样式示意图
图9，传统的单块PCB线路板加屏蔽罩屏蔽样式示意图
图10，屏蔽有源与非屏蔽有源电极对比性测试中电极安置位置示意图
图11，实现的屏蔽有源电极夹组成示意图
图12，本发明屏蔽有源电极对比性测试结果示意图。
实施例
按本发明技术方案，依据附图6电路图，分别设计上中下三块PCB图并制作实物，焊接三块板的器件，并将上中下三块板叠焊在一起，则形成本屏蔽有源电极的本体模块，如附图11左上部图所示，同时，按专利申请“一种面向有源电极的多功能心电检测肢体夹”(申请号201810370809.1申请日20180424)制作双柱肢体夹，如附图11右上部图所示，将它们组合，则形成了完整的夹式屏蔽有源电极，如图11下部所示。实施中，直流电源选择了3V的电池CR2032，作为核心器件的两个运算放大器A1和A2选择了OPA320,两电阻R选择了100kΩ,限流电阻r不失一般性为方便起见选择了0Ω。实施中，上中下三块PCB板的连接焊缝安排了4个，如附图2、图3和图4所示；器件仅安排在下PCB板的上表面，相应4个焊缝同时分别起电源V+、V-、输出vout和屏蔽体的板间连线作用。输入端的一个测头和一个反馈接头都采用了凹形钮扣，输出端的接头采用了凸形钮扣。
发明人也有按附图7屏蔽方式进行了实施，A3选择了OPA320，其他部分基本同附图6的实施。
对基于附图6和附图7两种方式实施的屏蔽有源电极，均进行了上面的对比性测试实验，均取得了优异的屏蔽效果，见附图12所示。

Claims (4)

  1. 本发明涉及一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极，其特征在于，(1)它包括上中下三块PCB板，三块PCB板叠在一起，通过焊缝焊为一个整体；(2)每块PCB板都至少有2层敷铜屏蔽层，每块PCB板的所有敷铜屏蔽层通过镀铜通孔连通；(3)上中下三块PCB板的屏蔽体通过板间焊缝焊接，形成一个完整屏蔽体；(4)运算放大器等器件分布在下PCB板的上表层或上PCB板的下表层，被完整屏蔽体所包围。
  2. 根据权力要求1所述的一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极，其特征在于，它的电路包括电压跟随基本电路、“虚拟地”反馈电路、屏蔽电路和直流电源四个部分，直流电源给电压跟随基本电路、“虚拟地”反馈电路和屏蔽电路三部分供电；电压跟随基本电路是一个基于运算放大器的电压跟随器，其输入为人体测点电位，并输出电位给后端电路；“虚拟地”反馈电路主要包括一个基于运算放大器的电压跟随器和一个限流电阻，“虚拟地”依次通过电压跟随器和限流电阻反馈至人体体表；屏蔽电路将电压跟随基本电路的输出连接至屏蔽体。
  3. 根据权力要求1所述的一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极，其特征在于，它的电路包括电压跟随基本电路、“虚拟地”反馈电路、屏蔽电路和直流电源四个部分，直流电源给电压跟随基本电路、“虚拟地”反馈电路和屏蔽电路三部分供电；电压跟随基本电路是一个基于运算放大器的电压跟随器，其输入为人体测点电位，并输出电位给后端电路；“虚拟地”反馈电路主要包括一个基于运算放大器的电压跟随器和一个限流电阻，“虚拟地”依次通过电压跟随器和限流电阻反馈至人体体表；屏蔽电路将“虚拟地”通过一个电压跟随电路后连至屏蔽体。
  4. 根据权力要求1所述的一种生理电检测用屏蔽有源电极，其特征在于，上中下三块PCB板上不仅都有连接板内不同敷铜屏蔽层的镀铜通孔若干，而且每个PCB上还有2个定位通孔，三块PCB板上的定位通孔的位置对应，以方便将三块PCB板叠放和焊接时的板间定位。
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