WO2020073970A1 - 光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护方法 - Google Patents

光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073970A1
WO2020073970A1 PCT/CN2019/110447 CN2019110447W WO2020073970A1 WO 2020073970 A1 WO2020073970 A1 WO 2020073970A1 CN 2019110447 W CN2019110447 W CN 2019110447W WO 2020073970 A1 WO2020073970 A1 WO 2020073970A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
protection
circuit breaker
control element
line
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/110447
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵萍
王峰渊
张弛
郑远德
方愉冬
徐华
周再兵
郑涛
朱逸凡
徐辰婧
朱涛
王康
黄镇
应国德
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North China Electric Power University
Taizhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
North China Electric Power University
Taizhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Application filed by North China Electric Power University, Taizhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical North China Electric Power University
Priority to US16/621,657 priority Critical patent/US11355922B2/en
Publication of WO2020073970A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073970A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/40—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to ratio of voltage and current
    • H02H3/402—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to ratio of voltage and current using homopolar quantities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H02H7/263—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of measured values
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of relay protection, for example, a protection method for ground faults in the transmission line of photovoltaic power plants.
  • the K1 point inside the outgoing line AB of the photovoltaic power plant fails, and the measured impedance at protection 1 is:
  • Z AK1 is the positive sequence impedance from the A bus to the fault point
  • the short-circuit currents provided by the grid and photovoltaic power supply respectively, Rg is the transition resistance.
  • the conventional distance protection configuration scheme is adopted for the protection of the transmission line of the photovoltaic power plant in the related art. Therefore, it may cause incorrect operation of the photovoltaic side protection, which may affect the stable operation of the entire system and cause more serious consequences.
  • the present application proposes a protection method for ground faults of photovoltaic power plant output lines.
  • the photovoltaic power plant output lines include grid-side output lines and photovoltaic-side output lines.
  • the analysis process of the proposed protection scheme includes: Set the setting impedance and set the operation time limit on the grid side. In the case of a ground fault in the sending line, start the distance protection on the grid side; perform setting processing on the photovoltaic side based on the setting value of the zero-sequence measurement impedance change, set the The starting time of the protection on the photovoltaic side determines whether the operating conditions of the protection on the photovoltaic side are satisfied, and determines whether to start the distance protection on the photovoltaic side.
  • the present application proposes a protection device for ground faults of photovoltaic power plant output lines
  • the photovoltaic power plant output lines include the grid-side transmission line and the photovoltaic-side transmission line
  • the device includes: a first control element, a second Control element, first circuit breaker, second circuit breaker; the first circuit breaker is located on the photovoltaic side, the second circuit breaker is located on the grid side, the first control element and the first circuit breaker Electrical connection, the second control element is electrically connected to the second circuit breaker; the second control element is configured to set a set impedance on the grid side and set an operating time limit, and a ground fault occurs on the sending line
  • the grid side distance protection is activated; the first control element is set to perform a tuning process on the photovoltaic side based on the setting value of the zero-sequence measurement impedance change to determine whether the operating conditions of the photovoltaic side protection location are met, Determine whether to start the photovoltaic side distance protection, the
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of 110KV photovoltaic integrated distribution network
  • Figure 2 is the zero sequence network diagram of the distribution network before the K1 fault, before the breaker on the grid side is opened;
  • Figure 3 is the zero sequence network diagram of the distribution network after the K1 fault and the circuit breaker on the grid side are opened;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase ground fault on line BC
  • Figure 5 is the zero sequence network diagram of the distribution network before the K2 fault, before the breaker on the grid side is opened.
  • the present application proposes a protection method for ground faults of photovoltaic power plant output lines.
  • the photovoltaic power plant output lines include the grid-side output line and the photovoltaic-side output line.
  • the analysis process of the proposed protection scheme is as follows:
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a 110kV photovoltaic integrated distribution network.
  • the power grid side performs distance protection according to the protection line length, including: impedance setting operation and action time limit adjustment.
  • Z AB is the positive sequence impedance of the full length of the sending line AB
  • Z set is the set impedance
  • t 0 0s, where t 0 is the time limit of distance protection action on the grid side.
  • the setting process based on the set value of the zero-sequence measurement impedance change on the photovoltaic side of the photovoltaic power plant includes: after the fault occurs, before the grid-side circuit breaker trips or before the external line of the photovoltaic power plant's outgoing line trips, the photovoltaic side protection
  • the zero-sequence measurement impedance at is Z 0
  • Z 0, set is the setting value of the zero sequence measurement impedance change.
  • a single-phase grounding short-circuit fault occurs at the K1 point of the outgoing line AB of the photovoltaic power plant, and its zero-sequence network is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the zero-sequence measurement impedance of the protection site on the photovoltaic side that is, protection 1 is (the direction of the line fault from bus A and bus B is the positive direction of the measured current):
  • the zero-sequence measurement impedance at protection 1 at this time is:
  • the amount of change in the impedance of the zero-sequence measurement is:
  • the distance protection on the photovoltaic side starts, and the distance protection control element on the photovoltaic side controls the circuit breaker to trip.
  • a single-phase grounding short circuit occurs at the K2 point of the external line BC of the photovoltaic power station outgoing line, and the zero-sequence network is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the zero-sequence measurement impedance at protection 1 is (the direction from the bus A to the line fault is the positive direction of the measurement current):
  • the denominator of the zero-sequence measurement impedance is zero, and the fraction is meaningless. At this time, Z ' 0 can be set to infinity. Therefore, the change in the impedance of the zero-sequence measurement is:
  • the distance protection on the photovoltaic side should be started after the fast distance protection action on the grid side is satisfied when the operating conditions of the protection position on the photovoltaic side are satisfied.
  • the fast distance protection on the grid side refers to the distance I of the grid side (not shown in the figure)
  • the line between the bus bars AB is the output line of the photovoltaic power plant. composition.
  • a line that takes bus B as a starting point, points in the direction of bus A, and has a length of 80% of the total length between bus AB can be used as the distance I segment (not shown in the figure).
  • the exit of the photovoltaic side line is a section of the line between the bus AB and the A bus, and the distance I is sufficiently sensitive to the failure of the exit of the photovoltaic side line, so there are:
  • t is the protection start time of the photovoltaic side
  • t 0 is the distance protection action time limit of the grid side
  • ⁇ t is the distance protection time of the photovoltaic side is extremely poor
  • t 0 0s
  • ⁇ t takes 0.3s
  • ⁇ t is to avoid The inherent time for opening the fault current on the grid side circuit breaker to ensure that the grid side circuit breaker has been completely opened, and the logical operation time to ensure the photovoltaic side distance protection control element, ⁇ t is greater than or equal to the grid side circuit breaker complete opening time The sum of the logic operation time of the side distance protection control element.
  • the system voltage level is 110 kV
  • the equivalent power supply S capacity is 200 MVA
  • the photovoltaic power supply PV capacity is 0.5 MVA
  • Z 0 0.380 + j1.328 ⁇ / km
  • the length of line AB is 80km.
  • the action time limit t 0 0s of the distance protection on the grid side.
  • the new protection scheme proposed by this application to deal with the failure of the PV power station outgoing line avoids the situation in the related art that the distance protection of the photovoltaic side is affected by the weak feed of the photovoltaic power supply; the zero-sequence measurement impedance change and setting value of the photovoltaic side protection For comparison, use the output result as a trip signal to control the protection action of the photovoltaic side.
  • the proposed protection setting method that relies on zero-sequence measurement impedance can effectively eliminate the internal faults in the output line of the photovoltaic power plant, and is not affected by the transition resistance. This application improves the reliability of line protection of the integrated photovoltaic distribution network And selectivity have important practical significance in engineering.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a protection device for ground faults of photovoltaic power plant output lines.
  • the photovoltaic power plant output lines include a grid-side output line and a photovoltaic-side output line, including: a first control element, a second control element, a first A circuit breaker and a second circuit breaker; the first circuit breaker is located on the photovoltaic side, the second circuit breaker is located on the grid side, the first control element is electrically connected to the first circuit breaker, so The second control element is electrically connected to the second circuit breaker;
  • the second control element is configured to set a set impedance on the grid side and set an operation time limit, and to start grid-side distance protection in the event of a ground fault in the sending line; the first control element is set to The photovoltaic side performs a setting process based on the setting value of the zero-sequence measurement impedance change amount, determines whether the operating condition of the photovoltaic side protection is satisfied, determines whether to activate the photovoltaic side distance protection, and the first control element is set to, Adjust the protection start time of the photovoltaic side;
  • the first circuit breaker is configured to open the first circuit breaker when the photovoltaic side distance protection is activated
  • the second circuit breaker is configured to open the second circuit breaker when a ground fault occurs in the sending line.
  • the second control element is configured as:
  • Z AB is the positive sequence impedance corresponding to the full length of the photovoltaic power station sending line
  • Z set is the set impedance
  • t 0 is the time limit of distance protection action on the grid side.
  • the first control element is configured as:
  • Z 0 is the zero-sequence measurement impedance at the photovoltaic side protection
  • ⁇ Z 0, set is the setting value of the zero-sequence measurement impedance change.
  • the first control element is further configured to:
  • ⁇ Z 0 is the input value of the first control element
  • Z ' 0 is the zero-sequence measurement impedance at the photovoltaic side protection after the second circuit breaker trips or after the circuit breaker at the external line of the photovoltaic power station outgoing line trips
  • Z 0 is After the fault occurs, before the second circuit breaker trips or before the external line of the PV power station's outgoing line trips, the zero-sequence measured impedance at the photovoltaic side protection
  • the first control element is further configured to:
  • t is the protection start time of the photovoltaic side
  • t 0 is the time limit of the distance protection action on the grid side
  • ⁇ t is the extremely poor distance protection time of the photovoltaic side
  • t 0 0s
  • ⁇ t 0.3s.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护方法，属于电力系统继电保护技术领域。光伏侧的断路器通过控制元件控制，通过比较该段线路电网侧距离保护动作前后，光伏侧零序测量阻抗是否发生了较大的变化，将这个零序测量阻抗变化量输入给控制元件，在零序测量阻抗变化量小于整定值的情况下，给光伏侧断路器输出跳闸信号，完成故障的隔离；在零序测量阻抗变化量大于整定值的情况下，光伏侧距离保护不启动。其他各级线路仍然采用传统的距离保护，在故障时迅速进行故障隔离。

Description

光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护方法
本申请要求在2018年10月10日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811179365.X的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及继电保护技术领域，例如光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护方法。
背景技术
随着光伏发电技术应用越来越广泛，光伏一体化配电网的保护整定问题也愈加急迫，按照常规系统配置的继电保护的选择性、灵敏性、速动性和可靠性面临巨大挑战。发生故障时，光伏电站送出线由光伏电源和传统大电网双侧提供故障电流，由于光伏的波动性，传统继电保护可能会存在适应性问题。光伏电站送出线发生故障后，由于光伏电源提供的短路电流比电网侧提供的短路电流小很多，因此会放大过渡电阻对光伏侧距离保护的影响。以下为光伏电源的弱馈性对距离保护的影响分析：
如图1所示，光伏电站送出线AB内部K1点发生故障，保护1处的测量阻抗为：
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000001
其中，Z AK1为A母线到故障点的正序阻抗，
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000002
分别为电网、光伏电源提供的短路电流，Rg为过渡电阻。
由于光伏电源的弱馈性，
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000003
的值会非常大，导致过渡电阻前面的系数过大，保护1处测量阻抗的误差也会增大，进而导致光伏侧保护的不正确动作。
相关技术中的光伏电站送出线路保护沿用了传统的距离保护配置方案，因此可能导致光伏侧保护的不正确动作，进而可能影响到整个系统的稳定运行，造成更严重的后果。
发明内容
第一方面，本申请提出用于光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护方法，所述光伏电站送出线包括电网侧的送出线和光伏侧的送出线，所提保护方案的分析过 程包括：在所述电网侧设置整定阻抗并设置动作时限，在所述送出线发生接地故障的情况下，启动电网侧距离保护；在所述光伏侧基于零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值进行整定处理，设置所述光伏侧的保护启动时间，判断是否满足所述光伏侧保护处的动作条件，确定是否启动所述光伏侧距离保护。
第二方面，本申请提出一种光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护装置，所述光伏电站送出线包括电网侧的送出线和光伏侧的送出线，所述装置包括：第一控制元件、第二控制元件、第一断路器、第二断路器；所述第一断路器位于所述光伏侧，所述第二断路器位于所述电网侧，所述第一控制元件与所述第一断路器电连接，所述第二控制元件与所述第二断路器电连接；所述第二控制元件设置为，在所述电网侧设置整定阻抗并设置动作时限，在所述送出线发生接地故障的情况下，启动电网侧距离保护；所述第一控制元件设置为，在所述光伏侧基于零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值进行整定处理，判断是否满足所述光伏侧保护处的动作条件，确定是否启动所述光伏侧距离保护，所述第一控制元件设置为，对所述光伏侧的保护启动时间进行调整；所述第一断路器设置为，在启动所述光伏侧距离保护的情况下，断开所述第一断路器；所述第二断路器设置为，在所述送出线发生接地故障的情况下，断开所述第二断路器。
附图说明
图1为110KV光伏一体化配电网示意图；
图2为K1故障，电网侧断路器断开前，配电网的零序网图；
图3为K1故障，电网侧断路器断开后，配电网的零序网图；
图4为线路BC发生单相接地故障的示意图；
图5为K2故障，电网侧断路器断开前，配电网的零序网图。
具体实施方式
本申请提出了一种用于光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护方法，所述光伏电站送出线包括电网侧的送出线和光伏侧的送出线，所提保护方案的分析过程如下：
在所述电网侧设置整定阻抗并设置动作时限，在所述送出线发生接地故障的情况下，启动电网侧距离保护；
在所述光伏侧基于零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值进行整定处理，设置所述 光伏侧的保护启动时间，判断是否满足所述光伏侧保护处的动作条件，确定是否启动所述光伏侧距离保护。
图1所示为110kV光伏一体化配电网示意图。
1.电网侧距离保护
电网侧根据保护线长进行距离保护，包括：整定阻抗操作和动作时限调整。
(a)整定阻抗
可按照保护线路全长，以及1.5倍灵敏度整定，则：Z set＝1.5Z AB
式中，Z AB为送出线AB全长的正序阻抗，Z set为整定阻抗。
(b)动作时限
t 0＝0s，其中，t 0为电网侧的距离保护动作时限。
2.光伏侧距离保护
(a)所述在光伏电站的光伏侧基于零序测量阻抗变化量整定值进行整定处理，包括：设故障发生后电网侧断路器跳闸前或光伏电站送出线的外部线路跳闸前，光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗为Z 0，零序测量阻抗变化量整定值按照10％Z 0整定，即：ΔZ 0,set＝10％Z 0。
其中，Z 0,set为零序测量阻抗变化量整定值。光伏电站送出线的光伏侧距离保护由控制元件控制，光伏侧距离保护控制元件的输入量为ΔZ 0，ΔZ 0等于电网侧断路器跳闸或光伏电站送出线的外部线路跳闸前后，光伏侧保护处零序测量阻抗的变化量,设Z 0为故障发生后电网侧断路器跳闸前或光伏电站送出线的外部线路跳闸前，光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗，Z’ 0为电网侧断路器跳闸后或光伏电站送出线外部线路处的断路器跳闸后，光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗，则光伏侧距离保护控制元件输入量为ΔZ 0＝Z’ 0-Z 0。
在ΔZ 0<ΔZ 0,set的情况下，启动光伏侧距离保护，光伏侧的距离保护控制元件控制断路器跳闸；
在ΔZ 0>ΔZ 0,set的情况下，不启动光伏侧距离保护。
下面将针对零序测量阻抗变化量进行详细分析：
(1)在ΔZ 0<ΔZ 0,set的情况下
如图1所示，光伏电站送出线AB内部K1点发生单相接地短路故障，其零序网见附图2。
此时光伏侧保护处即保护1处的零序测量阻抗为(由母线A及母线B指向线路故障的方向均为测量电流正方向)：
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000004
其中，
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000005
为所述光伏侧保护处的电压；
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000006
为所述光伏侧保护处的电流；Z T0为母线A和地线之间的等效阻抗。
当电网侧(保护2处)断路器跳闸后，其零序网见附图3。
此时保护1处的零序测量阻抗为：
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000007
其中，
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000008
为所述电网侧断路器跳闸后，所述光伏侧保护处的电压；
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000009
为所述电网侧断路器跳闸后，所述光伏侧保护处的电流；Z T0为母线A和地线之间的等效阻抗。
零序测量阻抗的变化量为：
ΔZ 0＝Z′ 0-Z 0＝0＜ΔZ 0,set
满足保护1处的动作条件，光伏侧距离保护启动，光伏侧的距离保护控制元件控制断路器跳闸。
(2)在ΔZ 0>ΔZ 0,set的情况下
如附图4所示，光伏电站送出线外部线路BC的K2点发生单相接地短路，其零序网见附图5。
此时保护1处的零序测量阻抗为(由母线A指向线路故障处为测量电流正方向)：
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000010
其中，
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000011
为所述光伏侧保护处的电压；
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000012
为所述光伏侧保护处的电流；Z T0为母线A和地线之间的等效阻抗。
由于光伏电站送出线外部线路BC的距离保护(保护3)启动，即使光伏电站送出线外部线路处的断路器断开，同时也断开了零序网，因此保护1处测得的零序电压和零序电流均为0。则：
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000013
其中，
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000014
为所述光伏电站送出线外部线路处的断路器跳闸后，所述光伏侧保护处的电压；
Figure PCTCN2019110447-appb-000015
为所述光伏电站送出线外部线路处的断路器跳闸后，所述光伏侧保护处的电流。
零序测量阻抗的分母为零，分式没有意义。此时Z’ 0可以设置为无穷大。所以零序测量阻抗的变化量为：
ΔZ 0＝Z′ 0-Z 0＝∞＞ΔZ 0,set
不满足保护1处的动作条件，光伏侧距离保护不启动。
(b)光伏侧保护启动时间
在一实施例中，光伏侧的距离保护应在电网侧快速距离保护动作后，在满足光伏侧保护处动作条件的情况下启动。其中，电网侧快速距离保护指电网侧的距离I段(图中未示出)，母线AB之间的线路为光伏电站送出线，光伏电站送出线由光伏侧的送出线和电网侧的送出线组成。例如，可以以母线B为起点，指向母线A的方向，长度为母线AB之间总长度的80％的线路作为距离I段(图中未示出)。光伏侧线路出口为母线AB之间靠近A母线的一段线路，距离I段对光伏侧线路出口故障有足够的灵敏性，因此有：
t＝t 0+Δt。
式中，t为所述光伏侧的保护启动时间，t 0为电网侧的距离保护动作时限，Δt为光伏侧的距离保护时间极差，t 0＝0s，Δt取0.3s，Δt是为了避开电网侧断路器开断故障电流的固有时间，确保电网侧断路器已完全开断，以及确保光伏侧距离保护控制元件的逻辑运算时间，Δt大于或等于电网侧断路器完全断开时间和光伏侧距离保护控制元件的逻辑运算时间的总和。
在图1所示的系统仿真模型中，系统电压等级为110kV，等值电源S的容量为200MVA，光伏电源PV的容量为0.5MVA，线路参数为Z 1＝0.0363+j1.0062Ω/km，Z 0＝0.380+j1.328Ω/km，线路AB的长度为80km。
计算电网侧距离保护整定值：由仿真可得，线路AB全长的阻抗Z AB为2.904+j80.496Ω。
因此Z set＝1.5Z AB＝4.356+j120.744Ω，电网侧距离保护的动作时限t 0＝0s。
1、针对光伏电站送出线内部AB故障，当K1取不同位置时，在电网侧(保护2处)断路器跳闸前后，保护1处的零序测量阻抗的变化情况如下表所示：
故障位置K1 Z 0/Ω Z′ 0/Ω ΔZ 0＝Z′ 0-Z 0/Ω
距A母线0km 12.1∠89.9° 12.1∠89.9° 0
距A母线40km 12.1∠89.9° 12.1∠89.9° 0
距A母线80km 12.1∠89.9° 12.1∠89.9° 0
2、参考图4，针对光伏电站送出线外部线路BC故障，以K2为例，保护3处断路器跳闸前后，保护1处的零序测量阻抗的变化情况如下表所示：
故障位置K2 Z 0/Ω Z′ 0/Ω ΔZ 0＝Z′ 0-Z 0/Ω
距A母线90km 12.1∠89.9° 无穷大 无穷大
由上表可知，当光伏电站送出线内部发生故障后，保护1处的零序测量阻抗在保护2处断路器跳闸前后保持不变，零序测量阻抗变化量ΔZ 0小于10％Z 0，满足保护1处的动作条件，保护1处的距离保护控制元件控制光伏侧断路器跳闸；光伏电站送出线外部发生故障后，保护1处零序测量阻抗变化量为无穷大，不满足保护1处的动作条件，光伏侧距离保护不启动。
本申请所提出的应对光伏电站送出线故障的保护新方案，避免了相关技术中光伏侧距离保护受光伏电源弱馈性影响的情况；将光伏侧保护处零序测量阻抗的变化量与整定值比较，将输出结果作为跳闸信号控制光伏侧保护动作。综上所述，所提依靠零序测量阻抗的保护整定方法能够有效的切除光伏电站送出线内部故障，同时不受过渡电阻的影响，本申请对提高光伏一体化配电网线路保护的可靠性和选择性具有重要的工程实际意义。
本申请实施例还提供一种光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护装置，所述光伏电站送出线包括电网侧的送出线和光伏侧的送出线，包括：第一控制元件、第二控制元件、第一断路器、第二断路器；所述第一断路器位于所述光伏侧，所述第二断路器位于所述电网侧，所述第一控制元件与所述第一断路器电连接，所述第二控制元件与所述第二断路器电连接；
所述第二控制元件设置为，在所述电网侧设置整定阻抗并设置动作时限，在所述送出线发生接地故障的情况下，启动电网侧距离保护；所述第一控制元件设置为，在所述光伏侧基于零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值进行整定处理，判断是否满足所述光伏侧保护处的动作条件，确定是否启动所述光伏侧距离保护， 所述第一控制元件设置为，对所述光伏侧的保护启动时间进行调整；
所述第一断路器设置为，在启动所述光伏侧距离保护的情况下，断开所述第一断路器；
所述第二断路器设置为，在所述送出线发生接地故障的情况下，断开所述第二断路器。
在一实施例中，所述第二控制元件设置为：
根据如下公式设置所述整定阻抗：Z set＝1.5Z AB，
其中，Z AB为所述光伏电站送出线的全长对应的正序阻抗，Z set为整定阻抗；
根据如下公式设置所述动作时限：t 0＝0s，
其中，t 0为电网侧的距离保护动作时限。
在一实施例中，所述第一控制元件设置为：
根据如下公式设置所述零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值：ΔZ 0,set＝10％Z 0，
其中，Z 0为所述光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗，ΔZ 0,set为零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值。
在一实施例中，所述第一控制元件还设置为：
按照以下公式计算所述第一控制元件的输入量：ΔZ 0＝Z’ 0-Z 0，
其中，ΔZ 0为第一控制元件的输入量，Z’ 0为第二断路器跳闸后或光伏电站送出线外部线路处的断路器跳闸后，光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗，Z 0为故障发生后第二断路器跳闸前或光伏电站送出线的外部线路跳闸前，光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗；
在ΔZ 0<ΔZ 0,set的情况下，启动所述光伏侧距离保护，所述第一控制元件控制所述第一断路器跳闸；
在ΔZ 0>ΔZ 0,set的情况下，不启动所述光伏侧距离保护。
在一实施例中，所述第一控制元件还设置为：
根据以下公式设置所述光伏侧的保护启动时间：t＝t 0+Δt，
其中，t为所述光伏侧的保护启动时间，t 0为电网侧的距离保护动作时限，Δt为光伏侧的距离保护时间极差，t 0＝0s，Δt＝0.3s。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护方法，所述光伏电站送出线包括电网侧的送出线和光伏侧的送出线，所述方法包括：
    在所述电网侧设置整定阻抗并设置动作时限，在所述送出线发生接地故障的情况下，启动电网侧距离保护；
    在所述光伏侧基于零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值进行整定处理，设置所述光伏侧的保护启动时间，判断是否满足所述光伏侧保护处的动作条件，确定是否启动所述光伏侧距离保护。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述方法，其中，所述在电网侧设置整定阻抗并设置动作时限，包括：
    根据如下公式设置所述整定阻抗：Z set＝1.5Z AB，
    其中，Z AB为所述光伏电站送出线的全长对应的正序阻抗，Z set为整定阻抗；
    根据如下公式设置所述动作时限：t 0＝0s，
    其中，t 0为电网侧的距离保护动作时限。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述在光伏侧基于零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值进行整定处理，包括：
    根据如下公式设置所述零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值：ΔZ 0,set＝10％Z 0，
    其中，Z 0为在接地故障发生且电网侧断路器跳闸前或光伏电站送出线的外部线路跳闸前，所述光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗，ΔZ 0,set为零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述判断是否满足所述光伏侧保护处的动作条件，确定是否启动所述光伏侧距离保护，包括：
    按照以下公式计算所述光伏侧的距离保护控制元件的输入量：ΔZ 0＝Z’ 0-Z 0，
    其中，ΔZ 0为光伏侧距离保护控制元件的输入量，Z’ 0为电网侧断路器跳闸后或光伏电站送出线外部线路处的断路器跳闸后，光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗，Z 0为故障发生后电网侧断路器跳闸前或光伏电站送出线的外部线路跳闸前，光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗；
    在ΔZ 0<ΔZ 0,set的情况下，启动所述光伏侧距离保护，所述光伏侧距离保护控制元件控制断路器跳闸；
    在ΔZ 0>ΔZ 0,set的情况下，不启动所述光伏侧距离保护。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，设置所述对光伏侧的保护启动时间，包括：
    根据以下公式设置所述光伏侧的保护启动时间：t＝t 0+Δt，
    其中，t为所述光伏侧的保护启动时间，t 0为电网侧的距离保护动作时限，Δt为光伏侧的距离保护时间极差，t 0＝0s，Δt＝0.3s。
  6. 一种光伏电站送出线接地故障的保护装置，所述光伏电站送出线包括电网侧的送出线和光伏侧的送出线，所述装置包括：第一控制元件、第二控制元件、第一断路器、第二断路器；所述第一断路器位于所述光伏侧，所述第二断路器位于所述电网侧，所述第一控制元件与所述第一断路器电连接，所述第二控制元件与所述第二断路器电连接；
    所述第二控制元件设置为，在所述电网侧设置整定阻抗并设置动作时限，在所述送出线发生接地故障的情况下，启动电网侧距离保护；所述第一控制元件设置为，在所述光伏侧基于零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值进行整定处理，判断是否满足所述光伏侧保护处的动作条件，确定是否启动所述光伏侧距离保护，所述第一控制元件设置为对所述光伏侧的保护启动时间进行调整；
    所述第一断路器设置为，在启动所述光伏侧距离保护的情况下，断开所述第一断路器；
    所述第二断路器设置为，在所述送出线发生接地故障的情况下，断开所述第二断路器。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其中，所述第二控制元件设置为：
    根据如下公式设置所述整定阻抗：Z set＝1.5Z AB，
    其中，Z AB为所述光伏电站送出线的全长对应的正序阻抗，Z set为整定阻抗；
    根据如下公式设置所述动作时限：t 0＝0s，
    其中，t 0为电网侧的距离保护动作时限。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其中，所述第一控制元件设置为：
    根据如下公式设置所述零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值：ΔZ 0,set＝10％Z 0，
    其中，Z 0为所述光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗，ΔZ 0,set为零序测量阻抗变化量的整定值。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其中，所述第一控制元件设置为：
    按照以下公式计算所述第一控制元件的输入量：ΔZ 0＝Z’ 0-Z 0，
    其中，ΔZ 0为所述第一控制元件的输入量，Z ’ 0为第二断路器跳闸后或光伏电站送出线外部线路处的断路器跳闸后，光伏侧保护处的零序测量阻抗，Z 0为故障发生后第二断路器跳闸前或光伏电站送出线的外部线路跳闸前，光伏侧保护 处的零序测量阻抗；
    在ΔZ 0<ΔZ 0,set的情况下，启动所述光伏侧距离保护，所述第一控制元件控制所述第一断路器跳闸；
    在ΔZ 0>ΔZ 0,set的情况下，不启动所述光伏侧距离保护。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其中，所述第一控制元件设置为：
    根据以下公式设置所述光伏侧的保护启动时间：t＝t 0+Δt，
    其中，t为所述光伏侧的保护启动时间，t 0为电网侧的距离保护动作时限，Δt为光伏侧的距离保护时间极差，t 0＝0s，Δt＝0.3s。
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