WO2020073635A1 - 一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制方法与系统 - Google Patents

一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制方法与系统 Download PDF

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WO2020073635A1
WO2020073635A1 PCT/CN2019/083616 CN2019083616W WO2020073635A1 WO 2020073635 A1 WO2020073635 A1 WO 2020073635A1 CN 2019083616 W CN2019083616 W CN 2019083616W WO 2020073635 A1 WO2020073635 A1 WO 2020073635A1
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light
plant
fill
accumulated
period
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PCT/CN2019/083616
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French (fr)
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贺冬仙
郑建锋
杜维芬
张爱国
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中国农业大学
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of horticultural environment control, and in particular relates to a method and a system for controlling the supplementary light of plants based on daily accumulated light.
  • the Chinese patent application with the publication number CN103987170A discloses a method and system for regulating the tomato fill light based on the growth model.
  • the LED light source is used for fill light Until the light intensity reaches the light saturation point of tomato leaves.
  • Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN107291126A discloses a method and system for supplementary light control of facilities based on crop demand. By establishing a light demand model for crops at different temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations, the light intensity value corresponding to the maximum photosynthetic rate of the crop is predicted , Calculate the supplementary light intensity needed by crops, and use PWM digital dimming to control the light intensity of LED light source in real-time feedback.
  • the optimal light saturation point and maximum photosynthetic rate in the above two methods are not only related to crop growth stage, temperature and carbon dioxide, but also related to various factors such as variety, relative humidity, nutritional status, etc., using the constructed optimal light saturation point model It is more difficult to adjust the supplementary light with the maximum photosynthetic rate model; and using artificial light source supplementary light to make the crop canopy light intensity reach the light saturation point, that is, when the photosynthetic rate is maximum, the efficiency of the light energy utilization of supplementary light by the crop is extremely low, which will Massive waste of energy.
  • Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN104488582A discloses a method for controlling the dynamic fill light of greenhouse plants.
  • the actual fluorescence parameter of the plant is not within a preset threshold interval, the light intensity and light quality of the LED light source are controlled according to the actual fluorescence parameter for fill light .
  • chlorophyll fluorescence parameters affected by light intensity and light quality, it is difficult to infer the light intensity and light quality desired plant through chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and photosynthetic electron fluorescence measured chlorophyll a state of transmission is not representative of photosynthesis fixing CO actual efficiency 2 or actual Photosynthetic efficiency.
  • the Chinese patent application with the publication number CN107404787A discloses an LED fill light control system and control method based on actual photosynthetic efficiency, which can adjust the brightness of the LED fill light in real time through PWM digital dimming, thereby regulating the PSII actual photochemical efficiency of plant leaves, Keep it at the set value to achieve the maximum utilization rate of the plant's light on the premise of ensuring the photosynthetic rate.
  • the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII in leaves is not only related to the light intensity, but also affected by many factors such as temperature and humidity, leaf nutritional status, etc. The effect of adjusting the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII by light intensity alone needs to be investigated.
  • the photosynthetic rate and photon utilization efficiency testing involved in the above-mentioned fill light control method are laboratory-level precision measurements, which cannot achieve dynamic non-destructive testing, and the required information collection device is expensive, making it difficult to apply fill light at the production site. control.
  • Real-time control of light intensity requires complex light intensity adjustment devices and specific types of fill light, which greatly increases the complexity and cost of the fill light system, reduces the reliability and versatility of the system, and increases the difficulty of popularization and application.
  • the present invention provides a plant supplementary light control method and system based on daily accumulated light amount, which can simultaneously ensure that the plant obtains the light amount required for normal growth while Ensure that the supplementary artificial light can be efficiently used by plants, avoiding waste of energy, and without expensive equipment for precision testing.
  • the present invention provides a plant supplementary light control method based on daily accumulated light intensity, including:
  • the daily accumulated light amount and light time required by the plants are obtained according to experiments or experience.
  • the following table lists the light demand data of some vegetables and flower plants.
  • Those skilled in the art should understand that the contribution of the present invention to the prior art does not propose the daily accumulated light amount and time required by different plants.
  • the method and system of the present invention relate to the required daily accumulation of the plants
  • the amount of light and the time of light are not limited to this. Those skilled in the art can obtain the daily accumulated light amount and light time required by different plants for different objects according to actual needs.
  • a light quantum sensor is provided on the leaf crown surface of the plant community or the leaf surface of the main functional leaf to monitor the light intensity obtained by the plant canopy or functional leaf surface.
  • inter-plant supplementary light when supplementing light, inter-plant supplementary light, top supplementary light, or a combination of both can be used.
  • the light intensity during fill light is affected by factors such as the number of fill lights, luminous efficiency, installation position, etc.
  • the light intensity of fill light is fixed and the amount of fill light in each period It is determined by the fixed fill light intensity (light intensity of fill light) multiplied by the fill light time that can be controlled.
  • the supplementary light intensity between plants is recommended to be not less than 80 mol / m 2 / s, and / or the top supplementary light intensity is recommended to be not less than 150 mol / m 2 / s.
  • the present invention also provides a plant supplementary light control system based on the accumulated daily light amount to implement the aforementioned method.
  • the system can reduce the complexity of the fill light control system and improve its reliability and versatility.
  • the plant supplementary light control system based on accumulated daily light intensity includes:
  • a plant light demand database to store the daily accumulated light amount and suitable light time data required by different plants for the intelligent decision unit to call;
  • a light intensity monitoring unit which collects the light intensity of the plant canopy or functional leaves in real time through the optical quantum sensor for use by the intelligent decision unit;
  • An intelligent decision-making unit to receive the daily accumulated light amount I d and light time H required by the plants stored in the plant light demand database and the real-time light intensity P (t) monitored by the light intensity monitoring unit, Using one hour as a period, calculate the hourly accumulated light amount I ha (I d / H) required by the plant and the actual received hourly accumulated light amount in each period Calculate the sum of the time accumulated light required by the plants in each period and all previous periods (that is, the end of the nth period n ⁇ I ha ) and the actual received cumulative amount of time accumulated light (that is, ),in case Then it is determined that fill light is needed in the next period and the fill light duration is calculated according to the light intensity P of the fill light, ie And send a control signal to the switch execution unit, otherwise, no fill light is required;
  • a switch execution unit according to the control signal issued by the intelligent decision-making unit, to make the action of turning on or off the power of the fill light and control the fill time T of the fill light;
  • Fill-in lamp a plant growth lamp that provides photosynthetically effective radiation, and turns on or off under the control of the switch execution unit;
  • the plant light demand database, the light intensity monitoring unit, and the switch execution unit are all connected to the intelligent decision-making unit, and the switch execution unit is provided between the intelligent decision-making unit and the fill light to control fill light Turn on or off the lamp power.
  • the present invention performs supplementary lighting based on the daily accumulated light amount required by the plant, which can effectively ensure that the plant obtains the required light amount for normal growth.
  • the accumulated light amount at each time period is relatively stable, ensuring supplementary artificial light It can be efficiently used by plants to avoid the problem of reduced plant yield and energy waste caused by too little or too much light.
  • the present invention can realize dynamic monitoring and feedback control by using only light quantum sensors, by comparing the sum of the actual time accumulated light amount obtained by plants with the sum of the required time accumulated light amount in each time period and all previous periods, Control the lighting time of the fill light or the number of lights, and then effectively control the amount of fill light.
  • the system is simple and reliable, with strong versatility. It is suitable for controlling many types of fill light, which can effectively reduce the cost of fill light operation and improve the economy of fill light benefit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plant supplementary light control method and system based on daily accumulated light amount.
  • FIG. 2 is the light intensity of tomato canopy monitored by the system in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of accumulated light amount when the tomato canopy is received in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is the light intensity of cucumber canopy monitored by the system in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of accumulated light amount when the cucumber canopy is received in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Example 6 is a schematic diagram of the effect of supplementary light on cucumber yield in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • the plant supplementary light control system based on the cumulative daily light amount used in the following embodiments is shown in FIG. 1 and includes: a plant light demand database 101, a light intensity monitoring unit 102, an intelligent decision unit 103, a switch execution unit 104, and a fill light 105 .
  • the plant light requirement database 101 stores daily accumulated light amount and suitable light time data required by different plants.
  • the light intensity monitoring unit 102 collects light intensity data of the plant canopy or functional leaf surface, and its light quantum sensor is placed at the plant canopy or functional leaf surface, so that it can fully reflect the change of the light intensity received by the plant.
  • the intelligent decision-making unit 103 calculates the average hourly accumulated light quantity of the plant based on the daily accumulated light quantity and the appropriate light time data provided by the plant light demand database 101, and calculates the plants in each period according to the light intensity data monitored by the light intensity monitoring unit 102 According to the difference between the sum of the time accumulated light required by the plants and the sum of the actual time accumulated light received by the plants in each period and all periods before, determine whether supplementary light is needed and the calculated supplement Light time, and send a signal to the switch execution unit 104 to turn on or off the fill lamp 105.
  • the tomatoes (Fengshou (74-560), Rexwand Seed Company of the Netherlands) cultivated in a multi-span greenhouse in Beijing Xiaotangshan National Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park were used as experimental objects, and the system described in the invention was used to supplement Light regulation and control, and select the fill light data on December 25, 2017 to explain the system fill light effect.
  • the tomatoes were planted in the greenhouse on September 11, 2017, and the ridges were ridged from north to south, with two rows in each ridge staggered, with a plant spacing of 25 cm and a row spacing of 50 cm.
  • the planting density was about 6 plants / m 2 .
  • Tomato is in the fruiting period, and the required daily accumulated light intensity is not less than 14.4mol / m 2 / d, the light time is 16h / d, and the calculated required accumulated light intensity is 0.9mol / m 2 / h.
  • 7 o'clock is the first hour
  • 22 o'clock is the 16th hour.
  • the light intensity of the tomato canopy collected by the light quantum sensor installed on the leaf crown surface of the tomato community ( Figure 2) Calculate the actual cumulative sunlight amount received by the tomato canopy in each period ( Figure 3), when the sum of the actual cumulative sunlight amount received by the tomato in a certain period and all previous periods is less than the required cumulative amount of time
  • fill light starts in the next period.
  • the fill light uses a white LED plant growth lamp (the ratio of red light to blue light is 0.9), which is located above the tomato canopy, and its height from the canopy can be adjusted.
  • the fill light intensity at the canopy is 250mol / m 2 / s ,
  • the time that the fill light is turned on within each hour is expressed as follows:
  • a portable photosynthesis instrument (LI-6400, LI-COR, USA) was used to measure the photosynthetic characteristics such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration, transpiration rate, etc. Filled tomato leaves are used as a control, and the difference between the two is tested for significance. The results are shown in the following table:
  • the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of tomato leaves receiving supplementary light were significantly greater than those of tomato leaves without supplementary light, but the difference between the intercellular CO 2 concentration and transpiration rate of the two was not significant, indicating that supplementary light effectively promoted the tomato leaves.
  • the open stomata significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves.
  • this supplementary light method was used to regulate and control the supplementary light of the cultivated cucumbers.
  • the conventional supplementary light method was used as a comparison, and the non- supplementary light treatment was used as a control.
  • Three-leaf one-hearted cucumber seedlings (Xia Zhiguang (22-35), Dutch Rexwand Seed Company) were planted in the greenhouse on February 10, 2018, with ridges running from north to south, two rows per ridge, two rows staggered, plant spacing 25cm, row spacing 50cm, planting density is about 6 plants / m 2 .
  • the method of controlling the fill light of this system Take April 12, 2018 as an example, the cucumber is in the fruiting period, the required daily accumulated light is not less than 11.5mol / m 2 / d, the light time is 16h / d, and the required The cumulative light intensity is 0.72mol / m 2 / h.
  • the light intensity of the cucumber canopy collected by the light quantum sensor installed on the leaf crown surface of the cucumber community according to the light intensity monitoring unit at 6 o'clock at sunrise, with 6 o'clock as the first hour and 21 o'clock as the 16th hour ( Figure 4) Calculate the actual cumulative sunlight amount received by the cucumber canopy in each period ( Figure 5), when the sum of the actual cumulative sunlight amount received by the cucumber in a certain period and all previous periods is less than the required cumulative light amount At the time of the sum, fill light starts in the next period.
  • the fill light uses red and white LED plant growth lights (the ratio of red light to blue light is 1.2), and the fill light intensity in the cucumber canopy is 200mol / m 2 / s, each The time that the fill light is turned on within an hour is as follows:
  • Timed fill light control method use red and white LED plant growth lights (the ratio of red light to blue light is 1.2) to fill light, the fill light intensity in the cucumber canopy is 200mol / m 2 / s, at 6: 00-9 every day It opens during two time periods: 00 and 17: 00-22: 00, and fills in 8 hours a day.
  • the photosynthetic characteristic indexes such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration and transpiration rate of cucumber leaves were measured using a portable photosynthesis instrument (LI-6400, American LI-COR Company). The results are shown in the following table.
  • Filling light can significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate of cucumber leaves, and the net photosynthetic rate of cucumber leaves using this system to fill light is significantly higher than that of cucumber leaves using timing fill light.
  • the invention fills light in different periods, which can effectively ensure that the plant obtains the light amount required for normal growth, ensures that the supplementary artificial light can be efficiently used by the plant, and avoids causing too little or too much light Plant yields and energy waste.
  • the invention can realize dynamic monitoring and feedback control by using only light quantum sensors, and control the fill light by comparing the sum of the actual accumulated hours of light obtained by the plants with the sum of the required accumulated hours of light in each period and all periods before it
  • the lighting time or the number of lights, and then effectively adjust the amount of fill light the system is simple and reliable, strong versatility, suitable for controlling many types of fill light, can effectively reduce the cost of fill light operation, and improve the economic efficiency of fill light.

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Abstract

一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制方法，该方法根据植物所需的日累积光照量和光照时间计算平均每小时所需的时累积光照量；并于日出后开始监测植物冠层的光照强度，计算各时段及其之前所有时段内植物所需的时累积光照量之和与实际接受的时累积光照量之和，依据二者差异判断是否需要补光并计算补光时长。本方法可以有效确保植物获得正常生长所需的光照量，同时保证补充的人工光照能被植物高效利用。同时提供了一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制系统，可以有效地降低补光运行成本，提高补光经济效益。

Description

一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制方法与系统 技术领域
本发明属于园艺环境控制技术领域，具体涉及一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制方法与系统。
背景技术
在冬季和早春的低温弱光条件下，设施生产中常采用LED灯、高压钠灯等人工光源进行补光调控，从而促进植物光合产物的积累，提高设施植物产量和品质。园艺设施内部的自然光照环境随天气和时间等因素变化较大，惯常使用的固定光照强度式定时调控补光灯的补光方法较为粗放，不易控制设施内的累积光照量(光照强度×光照时间)，累积光照量过少时难以有效满足植物生长需光量，累积光照量过多时又产生不必要的能耗，降低补光经济效益。根据植物光照需求采用智能化控制策略进行科学合理补光是提高补光经济效益的重要途径。
公开号为CN103987170A的中国专利申请公开了一种基于生长模型的设施番茄补光调控方法与系统，当光照强度低于番茄所处温度和二氧化碳条件下的光饱和点时，采用LED光源进行补光，直至光照强度达到番茄叶片的光饱和点。公开号为CN107291126A的中国专利申请公开了一种基于作物需求的设施补光控制方法与系统，通过建立作物在不同温度和二氧化碳浓度条件下的需光模型，预测作物最大光合速率对应的光照强度值，计算作物需要的补光强度，采用PWM数字调光实时反馈控制LED光源的光照强度。上述两种方法中的最优光饱和点和最大光合速率不仅与作物生长阶段、温度和二氧化碳有关，还与品种、相对湿度、营养状况等多种因素有关，运用构建的最优光饱和点模型和最大光合速率模型进行补光调控的难度较大；而且采用人工光源补光使作物冠层光照强度达到光饱和点即光合速率最大时，作物对补充光的光能利用效率极低，会造成能源的大量浪费。
公开号为CN104488582A的中国专利申请公开了一种温室植物动态补光控制方法，当植物的实际荧光参数不在预设的阈值区间内时，根据实际荧光参数控制LED光源的光照强度和光质进行补光。虽然叶绿素荧光参数受光照强度和光质的影响，但难以通过叶绿素荧光参数推断植物需要的光照强度和光质，且叶绿素荧光参数测量的光合电子传递状况不能代表光合作用固定CO 2的实际效率或实际的光合效率。公开号为CN107404787A的中国专利申请公开了一种基于实际光合效率的LED补光控制系统及控制方法，通过PWM数字调光实时调节LED补光灯的亮度，进而调控植物叶片的PSⅡ实际光化学效率，使其保持在设定值，实现在保证光合速率的前提下使植物对光照的利用率达到最大。但是叶片的PSⅡ实际光化学效率不仅与光照强度有关，还受温湿度、叶片营养状况等许多因素影响，单纯依靠光照强度调节PSⅡ实际光化学效率的效果有待考究。不仅如此，上述补光控制方法涉及到的光合速率和光量子利用效率检测属于实验室级别的精密测量，不能实现动态无损检测，且所需的信息采集装置价格昂贵，难以应用在生产现场进行补光控制。 实时控制光照强度需要复杂的光照强度调节装置和特定类型的补光灯，极大地增加了补光系统的复杂性和成本，降低了系统的可靠性和通用性，加大了推广应用难度。
发明公开
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制方法与系统，所述方法和系统可在确保植物获得正常生长所需的光照量的前提下，同时保证补充的人工光照能被植物高效利用，避免了能源的浪费，也无需昂贵设备进行精密检测。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
第一方面，本发明提供了一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制方法，包括：
根据植物所需的日累积光照量和光照时间计算平均每小时所需的时累积光照量；
于日出后开始监测植物冠层或功能叶面的光照强度，计算每时段累计接受的实际时累积光照量；优选以每小时为一时段；
当在本时段与之前所有时段内获得的实际时累积光照量之和小于对应时段所需的时累积光照量之和时，在下一时段内开启补光，否则不需要补光；补光时，所需补充的光照量等于植物在本时段与之前所有时段内所需的时累积光照量之和减去依据监测结果实际获得的对应时段的时累积光照量之和。
其中，所述植物所需的日累积光照量和光照时间，根据试验或经验获得，下表列举了部分蔬菜和花卉植物的需光量数据。本领域技术人员应当理解，本发明对现有技术的贡献并非提出了不同植物所需的日累积光照量和光照时间，本发明所述方法和系统中涉及到所述的植物所需的日累积光照量和光照时间也并不局限于此。本领域技术人员可根据实际需求，针对不同的对象，获得不同的植物所需的日累积光照量和光照时间。
Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-000002
进一步地，在植物群落的叶冠面或主要功能叶的叶面设置光量子传感器，监测植物冠层或功能叶叶面获得的光照强度。
更进一步地，补光时，可采用株间补光，顶部补光，或二者结合的综合补光。
需要说明的是，补光时的光照强度受补光灯数量、发光效率、安装位置等因素影响，一般情况，当确定上述因素后，补光的光照强度既已固定，每时段内的补光量是由固定的补光强度(补光的光照强度)乘以可以控制的补光时间来决定的。作为优选，株间补光的补光强度建议不低于80mol/m 2/s，和/或，顶部补光强度则建议不低于150mol/m 2/s。
基于本发明提供的前述方法，本发明同时提供了一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制系统，以实现前述方法。
该系统可减少补光控制系统的复杂性，提高其可靠性和通用性。
具体地说，所述基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制系统包括：
(1)一植物需光量数据库，以存储不同植物所需的日累积光照量和适宜光照时间数据，供智能决策单元调用；
(2)一光照强度监测单元，通过光量子传感器实时采集植物冠层或功能叶面的光照强度，供智能决策单元使用；
(3)一智能决策单元，以接收所述植物需光量数据库里存储的植物所需的日累积光照量I d和光照时间H以及所述光照强度监测单元监测的实时光照强度P(t)，以一小时为一时段，计算各时段内植物所需的时累积光照量I ha(I d/H)和实际接受的时累积光照量
Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-000003
统计各时段及其之前所有时段内植物所需的时累积光照量之和(即第n个时段末n·I ha)与实际接受的时累积光照量之和(即
Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-000004
)，如果
Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-000005
则判断下一时段需要补光并根据补光灯光照强度P计算补光时长，即
Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-000006
并向开关执行单元发出控制信号，否则，不需要补光；
(4)一开关执行单元，根据所述智能决策单元发出的控制信号，做出开通或切断补光灯电源的动作并控制补光灯补光时长T；
(5)补光灯，提供光合有效辐射的植物生长灯，在开关执行单元的控制下点亮或熄灭；
所述植物需光量数据库、光照强度监测单元、开关执行单元均与所述智能决策单元相连接，所述智能决策单元与所述补光灯之间设置所述开关执行单元，用于控制补光灯电源的开通或切断。
本发明的有益效果至少包括：
(1)本发明基于植物所需的日累积光照量进行分时段补光，可以有效确保植物获得正常生长所需的光照量，各时段的时累积光照量是相对稳定的，保证补充的人工光照能被植物所高效利用，避免补光过少或过多时造成的植物产量降低及能源浪费问题。
(2)本发明仅用光量子传感器就可实现动态监测和反馈控制，通过各时段及其之前所有时段内植物实际获得的时累积光照量之和与所需的时累积光照量之和进行对比，控制补光灯的点亮时间或开灯数量，进而有效调控补光量，系统简单可靠，通用性强，适用于控制多种类型的补光灯，可以有效降低补光运行成本，提高补光经济效益。
附图说明
图1为基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制方法与系统示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1中系统监测到的番茄冠层光照强度。
图3为本发明实施例1中番茄冠层接受到的时累积光照量示意图。
图4为本发明实施例2中系统监测到的黄瓜冠层光照强度。
图5为本发明实施例2中黄瓜冠层接受到的时累积光照量示意图。
图6为本发明实施例2中补光对黄瓜产量影响的示意图。
实施发明的最佳方式
下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特别说明，均为常规方法
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制，基于本发明教导所做的任何变更或改进，均属于本发明的保护范围。
以下实施例所用的基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制系统如图1所示，包括：植物需光量数据库101、光照强度监测单元102、智能决策单元103、开关执行单元104和补光灯105。
植物需光量数据库101存储不同植物需要的日累积光照量和适宜光照时间数据。光照强度监测单元102采集植物冠层或功能叶面的光照强度数据，其光量子传感器放置在植物冠层处或功能叶面，使其能够充分反映植物接受的光照强度的变化。智能决策单元103根据植物需光量数据库101提供的日累积光照量和适宜光照时间数据计算植物平均每小时所需时累积光照量，根据光照强度监测单元102监测到的光照强度数据计算各时段内植物实际接受的时累积光照量，并根据各时段及其之前所有时段内植物所需的时累积光照量之和与实际接受的时累积光照量之和的差值，判断是否需要补光和计算补光时间，并向开关执行单元104发出点亮或熄灭补光灯105的信号。
实施例1
本实施例以北京小汤山国家农业科技示范园某连栋温室内栽培的番茄(丰收(74-560)，荷兰瑞克斯旺种子公司)为实验对象，应用本发明所述系统对其进行补光调控，并选取2017年12月25日的补光数据说明系统补光效果。
番茄于2017年9月11日定植在温室中，南北向起垄，每垄两行，两行交错分布，株距25cm，行距50cm，栽培密度约为6株/m 2。番茄处于结果期，所需的日累积光照量不低于14.4mol/m 2/d，光照时间取16h/d，计算所需的时累积光照量为0.9mol/m 2/h。日出时间7点34分，以7时为第1个小时，22时为第16个小时，根据光照强度监测单元在番茄群落的叶冠面设置的光量子传感器采集的番茄冠层的光照强度(图2)计算每个时段内番茄冠层实际接受的时累积光照量(图3)，当某时段及其之前所有时段内番茄实际接受的时累积光照量之和小于所需的时累积光照量之和时，在下一时段开始补光。补光灯采用白色LED植物生长灯(红色光与蓝色光的比值为0.9)，位于番茄冠层上方，其距离冠层的高度可以调节，在冠层的补光强度为250mol/m 2/s，每个小时内补光灯开启的时间如下表示：
时间段 8时 9时 10时 11时 12时 13时 14时 15时
开灯时间(s) 3600 3581 3332 2676 1847 1526 2318 2447
时间段 16时 17时 18时 19时 20时 21时 22时 23时
开灯时间(s) 2653 3094 3456 3598 3600 3600 3600 3600
采用便携式光合仪(LI-6400，美国LI-COR公司)对接受本系统补光的番茄叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO 2浓度、蒸腾速率等光合特性指标进行测量，以不补光的番茄叶片作为对照，并对两者进行差异显著性检验，结果如下表所示：
Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-000007
注：同列中不同字母代表有显著性差异，NS表示无显著性差异(P＝0.05)。
接受补光的番茄叶片的净光合速率和气孔导度显著大于不补光的番茄叶片，而两者的胞间CO 2浓度和蒸腾速率之间差异不显著，说明补光有效促进了番茄叶片的气孔开放，显著提高了番茄叶片的净光合速率。
实施例2
在北京小汤山国家农业科技示范园某连栋温室内利用本补光方法对栽培黄瓜进行补光调控，以惯常使用的定时补光方法作为对比，并以不补光处理作为对照。三叶一心黄瓜种苗(夏之光(22-35)，荷兰瑞克斯旺种子公司)于2018年2月10日定植在温室中，南北向起垄，每垄两行，两行交错分布，株距25cm，行距50cm，栽培密度约为6株/m 2。本系统补光控制方法：以2018年4月12日为例，黄瓜处于结果期，所需日累积光照量不低于11.5mol/m 2/d，光照时间取16h/d，计算所需的时累积光照量为0.72mol/m 2/h。日出时间6点00分，以6时为第1个小时，21时为第16个小时，根据光照强度监测单元在黄瓜群落的叶冠面设置的光量子传感器采集的黄瓜冠层的光照强度(图4)计算每个时段内黄瓜冠层实际接受的时累积 光照量(图5)，当某时段及其之前所有时段内黄瓜实际接受的时累积光照量之和小于所需的时累积光照量之和时，在下一时段开始补光，补光灯采用红白LED植物生长灯(红色光与蓝色光的比值为1.2)，在黄瓜冠层的补光强度为200mol/m 2/s，每个小时内补光灯开启的时间如下表示：
时间段 7时 8时 9时 10时 11时 12时 13时 14时
开灯时间(s) 3595 3373 3286 3092 2914 2636 2423 2133
时间段 15时 16时 17时 18时 19时 20时 21时 22时
开灯时间(s) 1673 0 0 396 3168 3506 3600 3600
定时补光控制方法：采用红白LED植物生长灯(红色光与蓝色光的比值为1.2)补光，在黄瓜冠层的补光强度为200mol/m 2/s，在每天6:00-9:00和17:00-22:00两个时间段内开启，每天补光8小时。
采用便携式光合仪(LI-6400，美国LI-COR公司)对黄瓜叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO 2浓度、蒸腾速率等光合特性指标进行测量，结果如下表所示。
Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-000008
注：同列中不同字母代表有显著性差异，NS表示无显著性差异(P＝0.05)。
补光可以显著提高黄瓜叶片的净光合速率，且使用本系统补光的黄瓜叶片的净光合速率显著高于采用定时补光的黄瓜叶片的净光合速率。
在4月10号至4月30号期间统计了黄瓜的单株累计产量(图6)，本系统补光的黄瓜单株累计产量较不补光处理提高约23.3％，较定时补光法提高约13.3％，增产效果显著。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
工业应用
本发明基于植物所需的日累积光照量进行分时段补光，可以有效确保植物获得正常生长所需的光照量，保证补充的人工光照能被植物高效利用，避免补光过少或过多时造成的植物产量降低及能源浪费问题。
本发明仅用光量子传感器就可实现动态监测和反馈控制，通过各时段及其之前所有时段内植物实际获得的时累积光照量之和与所需的时累积光照量之和对比，控制补光灯的点亮时间或开灯数量，进而有效调控补光量，系统简单可靠，通用性强，适用于控制多种类型的补光灯，可以有效降低补光运行成本，提高补光经济效益。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    根据植物所需的日累积光照量和光照时间计算平均每小时所需的时累积光照量；
    于日出后开始监测植物冠层或功能叶面的光照强度，计算每时段累计接受的实际时累积光照量；
    当本时段与之前所有时段内获得的实际时累积光照量之和小于对应时段所需的时累积光照量之和时，在下一时段内开启补光，否则不需要补光。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在植物群落的叶冠面或功能叶面设置光量子传感器监测植物冠层或功能叶面的光照强度；
    以每小时为一时段。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，补光时，所需补充的光照量等于植物在本时段与之前所有时段内植物所需的时累积光照量之和减去依据监测结果实际接受的对应时段的时累积光照量之和。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，补光时，株间补光的补光强度不低于80μmol/m 2/s，和/或，顶部补光强度不低于150μmol/m 2/s。
  5. 一种基于日累积光照量的植物补光控制系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：
    (1)一植物需光量数据库，以存储不同植物所需的日累积光照量和适宜光照时间数据，供智能决策单元调用；
    (2)一光照强度监测单元，通过光量子传感器实时采集植物冠层或功能叶面的光照强度，供智能决策单元使用；
    (3)一智能决策单元，以接收所述植物需光量数据库里存储的植物所需的日累积光照量I d和光照时间H以及所述光照强度监测单元监测的实时光照强度P(t)，以一小时为一时段，计算各时段内植物所需的时累积光照量I ha和实际接受的时累积光照量I hi＝∫P(t)dt，统计各时段及其之前所有时段内植物所需的时累积光照量之和(即第n个时段末n·I ha)与实际接受的时累积光照量之和(即
    Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-100001
    )，如果
    Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-100002
    则判断下一时段需要补光并根据补光灯光照强度P计算补光时长，即
    Figure PCTCN2019083616-appb-100003
    并向开关执行单元发出控制信号，否则，不需要补光；
    (4)一开关执行单元，根据所述智能决策单元发出的控制信号，做出开通或切断补光灯电源的动作并控制补光灯补光时长T；
    (5)补光灯，提供光合有效辐射的植物生长灯，在开关执行单元的控制下点亮或熄灭；
    所述植物需光量数据库、光照强度监测单元、开关执行单元均与所述智能决策单元相连接，所述智能决策单元与所述补光灯之间设置所述开关执行单元，用于控制补光灯电源的开通或切断。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统用于实现权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，适用于促进植物生长的应用。
  7. 权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法或权利要求5或6所述的系统在促进植物生长中的应用。
  8. 权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法或权利要求5或6所述的系统在提高植物的净光合速率中的应用。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的应用，其特征在于：所述植物为番茄或黄瓜。
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