WO2020073549A1 - 电机转子、电机和空调器 - Google Patents

电机转子、电机和空调器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073549A1
WO2020073549A1 PCT/CN2019/070663 CN2019070663W WO2020073549A1 WO 2020073549 A1 WO2020073549 A1 WO 2020073549A1 CN 2019070663 W CN2019070663 W CN 2019070663W WO 2020073549 A1 WO2020073549 A1 WO 2020073549A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor rotor
permanent magnet
shielding layer
layer
copper shielding
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2019/070663
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾金信
张小波
刘建宁
张芳
李广海
魏琼
闫瑾
梁建东
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Publication of WO2020073549A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073549A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/42—Means for preventing or reducing eddy-current losses in the winding heads, e.g. by shielding

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the technical field of motors, and specifically relates to a motor rotor, a motor and an air conditioner.
  • High-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor has many advantages such as high power density, good dynamic response and simple structure, and has become one of the research hotspots in the field of international electrical engineering.
  • the permanent magnets in the rotor generally use sintered NdFeB permanent magnet material, because this permanent magnet material is not compressive or tensile.
  • a layer of high-strength rotor sheath is generally wrapped around the permanent magnet. The rotor sheath and the permanent magnet adopt an interference fit to ensure that the permanent magnet still bears certain compressive stress during operation. So as to ensure the safe operation of high-speed motors.
  • Non-magnetic high-strength metal sheath there are two kinds of commonly used sheaths, one is a non-magnetic high-strength metal sheath, and the other is a carbon fiber binding type sheath.
  • Carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials have low conductivity, which solves the problem of eddy current loss in the use of metal sheaths, but it cannot shield the harmonic magnetic field entering the permanent magnet, so a large amount of eddy current loss will still occur in the permanent magnet.
  • carbon fiber is a poor conductor of heat, which leads to poor heat dissipation of the permanent magnet rotor, and the carbon fiber sheath is complicated in process and high in cost. Therefore, in industrial applications, a non-magnetic metal sheath is widely used.
  • the metal sheath is a conductive material. Under the action of high-frequency electromagnetic fields, eddy current loss will occur, which will cause the sheath to heat up. Since the sheath is in close contact with the rotor permanent magnet, the heat in the sheath is easily transferred to the permanent magnet.
  • the general alloy sheath material has low conductivity and limited shielding effect on harmonic magnetic fields, resulting in large eddy current losses in permanent magnets. The above factors will lead to irreversible demagnetization when the temperature rise of the permanent magnet is too high, which will degrade the performance of the motor or even damage it. Therefore, no matter what kind of protection scheme is adopted, there is an urgent need for a method or structure to reduce the temperature rise of the rotor permanent magnet.
  • the rotor structure of the high-speed permanent magnet motor of the related art is a surface-mounted rotor structure.
  • the most obvious feature of this structure is that a thin copper shield layer is added between the protective layer and the outer surface of the permanent magnet. The benefits of doing so It is possible to transfer a large amount of eddy current loss that should be generated on the surface of the permanent magnet to the metal shield layer itself, which can greatly reduce the problem of excessive local temperature of the permanent magnet.
  • These patented structures all have a large defect, namely If the heat of the copper shielding layer is too high, it will still be transferred to the magnetic steel. Therefore, a new structure is needed to achieve the heat transfer of the magnetic steel and reduce the loss of the shielding layer itself.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a motor rotor, a motor, and an air conditioner, which can reduce the loss of the shield layer itself while realizing the heat transfer of the permanent magnet.
  • the present application provides a motor rotor, which includes a permanent magnet, a copper shielding layer and a protective layer.
  • the copper shielding layer is sheathed outside the permanent magnet
  • the protective layer is sheathed outside the copper shielding layer ⁇ ⁇ Style structure.
  • the copper shielding layer adopts an axial segmented structure, multiple copper shielding layers are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the permanent magnet, and a filling layer is provided between adjacent copper shielding layers.
  • the copper shielding layer adopts a circumferential segmented structure, multiple sections of copper shielding layers are spaced along the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet, and a filling layer is provided between adjacent copper shielding layers.
  • the copper shielding layer adopts a circumferential segmented structure, multiple sections of copper shielding layers are spaced along the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet, and a filling layer is provided between adjacent copper shielding layers.
  • the number of segments of the copper shielding layer is n, where n> 2.
  • the radial thickness of the copper shielding layer is h, where 0.03 mm ⁇ h ⁇ 1.5 mm.
  • the gap between the segments of the copper shielding layer is ⁇ , where 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1mm.
  • the filling layer is epoxy resin.
  • the protective layer is made of alloy material or non-metal composite material.
  • the rotor of the motor further includes a rotating shaft, and the permanent magnet is sleeved outside the rotating shaft and is glued and fixed to the rotating shaft.
  • a motor including a motor rotor, the motor rotor being the above-mentioned motor rotor.
  • an air conditioner including a motor rotor, the motor rotor being the above-mentioned motor rotor.
  • the motor rotor provided by the present application includes a permanent magnet, a copper shielding layer and a protective layer.
  • the copper shielding layer is sheathed outside the permanent magnet, and the protective layer is sheathed outside the copper shielding layer.
  • the copper shielding layer adopts a segmented structure. Because the copper shielding layer adopts a segmented structure, it not only largely shields the electromagnetic harmonics entering the permanent magnet, reduces the eddy current loss on the surface of the permanent magnet, but also reduces the shielding layer while achieving the heat transfer of the permanent magnet. Own loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of a motor rotor according to a first embodiment of this application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a motor rotor according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • the motor rotor includes a permanent magnet 1, a copper shielding layer 2 and a protective layer 3, the copper shielding layer 2 is sheathed outside the permanent magnet 1, and the protective layer 3 is sheathed Outside the copper shielding layer 2, the copper shielding layer 2 adopts a segmented structure.
  • the copper shielding layer adopts a segmented structure, it not only largely shields the electromagnetic harmonics entering the permanent magnet, reduces the eddy current loss on the surface of the permanent magnet, but also reduces the shielding layer while achieving heat transfer of the permanent magnet Own loss.
  • the copper shielding layer 2 adopts an axially segmented structure, the multi-segment copper shielding layer 2 is spaced along the axial direction of the permanent magnet 1, and the adjacent copper shielding layer 2 is provided with a filling Layer 4.
  • the filling layer is made of insulating material, so it can reduce the contact stress between the gap between the copper shield layer 2 of the adjacent section and the protective layer 3, and at the same time play the role of blocking the eddy current circuit between different shield layers, reducing the surface of the permanent magnet The eddy current loss also reduces the loss of the shielding layer itself.
  • the filling layer 4 is epoxy resin, which can reduce the contact stress with the protective layer 3 at the same time, and at the same time play a role of blocking the eddy current circuit between different copper shielding layers.
  • the copper shielding layer 2 adopts a circumferential segmented structure, multiple sections of the copper shielding layer 2 are spaced along the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet 1, and a filling is provided between adjacent copper shielding layers 2 Layer 4.
  • the axial segmented structure or the circumferential segmented structure can have a significant effect in reducing the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet 1 and the copper shield layer 2 itself. It is also possible to use a combination of circumferential segment and axial segment copper shield layers at the same time, so that the circumferential segment and axial segment are used in combination, thereby playing the role of blocking the eddy current circuit between different shield layers, reducing the permanent The effect of eddy current loss on the surface of the magnet.
  • the number of segments of the copper shielding layer 2 is n, where n> 2, so that the copper shielding layer 2 can have a sufficient number of segments to play a more effective role in blocking the eddy current circuit between different shielding layers .
  • the radial thickness of the copper shielding layer 2 is h, of which 0.03mm ⁇ h ⁇ 1.5mm.
  • the thickness of the shielding layer is within a certain range. As the thickness increases, the loss reduction effect is more obvious, but the thickness is too small (such as less than 0.03mm), resulting in a sharp increase in the eddy current density in the shielding layer. When the thickness is too large, (such as (When it is greater than 1.5mm), the improvement effect will not increase, but occupy the space of the high-strength protective sleeve.
  • the thickness of the cover and the thickness of the shielding layer should ensure a certain suitable size. For different size shafts, the shielding layer has a better thickness value.
  • the gap between the segments of the copper shielding layer 2 is ⁇ , where 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1mm.
  • the gap ⁇ is mainly the process gap during processing.
  • the gap filled with epoxy resin is mainly to reduce the stress concentration problem of the carbon fiber and other protective sleeves at the gap.
  • a gap fit, a transition fit, or an interference fit may be used between the copper shielding layer 2 and the permanent magnet 1, so that the copper shielding layer 2 and the permanent magnet 1 form a good matching relationship.
  • the protective layer 3 is made of alloy material or non-metal composite material.
  • the protective layer 3 has an interference effect on the surface of the copper shielding layer 2 and exerts a pressing force on the permanent magnet 1 to protect the permanent magnet 1 from damage due to centrifugal force during high-speed rotation.
  • the non-metallic composite material is, for example, carbon fiber.
  • the rotor of the motor also includes a rotating shaft 5, and the permanent magnet 1 is sleeved outside the rotating shaft 5 and is glued and fixed to the rotating shaft 5.
  • the permanent magnet is a magnetic steel, which is made of neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt.
  • the magnetic steel is a ring structure, and its inner surface is bonded to the rotating shaft 5 by a special magnetic steel glue.
  • the motor includes a motor rotor, which is the above-mentioned motor rotor.
  • the air conditioner includes a motor rotor, which is the aforementioned motor rotor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

一种电机转子、电机和空调器，该电机转子包括永磁体(1)、铜屏蔽层(2)和保护层(3)，铜屏蔽层(2)套设在永磁体(1)外，保护层(3)套设在铜屏蔽层(2)外，铜屏蔽层(2)采用分段式结构。该电机转子，能够在实现永磁体热量转移的同时，降低屏蔽层本身的损耗。

Description

电机转子、电机和空调器
本申请要求于2018年10月08日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811168365.X、发明名称为“电机转子、电机和空调器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于电机技术领域，具体涉及一种电机转子、电机和空调器。
背景技术
高速永磁同步电机具有功率密度大、动态响应好以及结构简单等多种优点，已成为国际电工领域的研究热点之一。但是，其转子中的永磁体一般采用烧结钕铁硼永磁材料，由于这种永磁材料抗压不抗拉。为了保证永磁体在高速下有足够的强度，一般在永磁体外包裹一层高强度转子护套，转子护套和永磁体采用过盈配合以保证永磁体在工作时依然承受一定的压应力，从而保证高速电机的安全运行。
当前，常用的护套有两种，一种是采用非导磁的高强度金属护套，另一种则是碳纤维绑扎型的护套。碳纤维增强复合材料导电率较低，解决了采用金属护套存在的涡流损耗问题，但其无法屏蔽进入永磁体的谐波磁场，因此永磁体中仍会产生大量的涡流损耗。同时，碳纤维是热的不良导体，导致永磁体转子的散热效果差，且碳纤维护套工艺复杂，成本较高，因此，在工业应用中，广泛采用的是非导磁金属护套。然而，金属护套是导电材料，在高频电磁场作用下会产生涡流损耗，导致护套发热，又由于护套与转子永磁体紧密接触，护套中的热量很容易向永磁体传递。此外，一般的合金护套材料电导率不高，对谐波磁场的屏蔽作用有限，导致永磁体中的涡流损耗还是较大。以上因素，严重时将导致永磁体温升过高产生不可逆退磁，从而使电机性能下降甚至损坏。因此，无论采用哪种保护套方案，都迫切需要一种方法或结构来降低转子永磁体 的温升。
目前，采用高导电率的铜屏蔽层降低高速转子损耗，已成为最为流行的屏蔽措施。但目前专利均未提及如何降低铜屏蔽层本身的涡流损耗措施。
相关技术的高速永磁电机转子结构，转子均为表贴式转子结构，该结构最明显的特征是在保护层与永磁体外表面间增加了一层很薄的铜屏蔽层，这样做的好处是可以将本该在永磁体表面产生的涡流损耗大量转移到金属屏蔽层本身上，可以从很大程度上降低永磁体局部温度过高的问题，这些专利结构均存在一个较大的缺陷，即铜屏蔽层的热量过高还是会热传递到磁钢上，因此，需要新的结构在实现磁钢热量转移的同时，还能降低屏蔽层本身的损耗。
发明内容
因此，本申请要解决的技术问题在于提供一种电机转子、电机和空调器，能够在实现永磁体热量转移的同时，降低屏蔽层本身的损耗。
为了解决上述问题，本申请提供一种电机转子，包括永磁体、铜屏蔽层和保护层，铜屏蔽层套设在永磁体外，保护层套设在铜屏蔽层外，铜屏蔽层采用分段式结构。
可选地，铜屏蔽层采用轴向分段式结构，多段铜屏蔽层沿永磁体的轴向间隔设置，相邻的铜屏蔽层之间设置有填充层。
可选地，铜屏蔽层采用周向分段式结构，多段铜屏蔽层沿永磁体的周向间隔设置，相邻的铜屏蔽层之间设置有填充层。
可选地，铜屏蔽层采用周向分段式结构，多段铜屏蔽层沿永磁体的周向间隔设置，相邻的铜屏蔽层之间设置有填充层。
可选地，铜屏蔽层的分段数为n，其中n＞2。
可选地，铜屏蔽层与永磁体之间为间隙配合、过渡配合或过盈配合。
可选地，铜屏蔽层的径向厚度为h，其中0.03mm﹤h﹤1.5mm。
可选地，铜屏蔽层的段与段之间的间隙为δ，其中0﹤δ﹤1mm。
可选地，填充层为环氧树脂。
可选地，保护层采用合金材料或非金属复合材料制成。
可选地，电机转子还包括转轴，永磁体套设在转轴外，并与转轴胶粘固定。
根据本申请的另一方面，提供了一种电机，包括电机转子，该电机转子为上述的电机转子。
根据本申请的再一方面，提供了一种空调器，包括电机转子，该电机转子为上述的电机转子。
本申请提供的电机转子，包括永磁体、铜屏蔽层和保护层，铜屏蔽层套设在永磁体外，保护层套设在铜屏蔽层外，铜屏蔽层采用分段式结构。由于铜屏蔽层采用了分段式结构，因此不仅很大程度的屏蔽了进入永磁体的电磁谐波，降低永磁体表面的涡流损耗，能够在实现永磁体热量转移的同时，也降低了屏蔽层自身的损耗。
附图说明
图1为本申请第一实施例的电机转子的纵剖视结构示意图；
图2为本申请第二实施例的电机转子的横截面结构示意图。
附图标记表示为：
1、永磁体；2、铜屏蔽层；3、保护层；4、填充层；5、转轴。
具体实施方式
结合参见图1和图2所示，根据本申请的实施例，电机转子包括永磁体1、铜屏蔽层2和保护层3，铜屏蔽层2套设在永磁体1外，保护层3套设在铜屏蔽层2外，铜屏蔽层2采用分段式结构。
由于铜屏蔽层采用了分段式结构，因此不仅很大程度的屏蔽了进入永磁体的电磁谐波，降低永磁体表面的涡流损耗，能够在实现永磁体热量转移的同时，也降低了屏蔽层自身的损耗。
在本申请的第一个实施例中，铜屏蔽层2采用轴向分段式结构，多段铜屏蔽层2沿永磁体1的轴向间隔设置，相邻的铜屏蔽层2之间设置有填充层4。填充层采用绝缘材料制成，因此能够降低相邻段的铜屏蔽层2之间的间隙与保护层3的接触应力，同时起到隔断不同屏蔽层之间的涡流回路的作用，降低永磁体表面的涡流损耗，同时也降低了屏蔽层自身的损耗。
可选地，填充层4为环氧树脂，能够降低此处与保护层3的接触应力，同时起到隔断不同铜屏蔽层之间的涡流回路的作用。
在本申请的第二个实施例中，铜屏蔽层2采用周向分段式结构，多段铜屏蔽层2沿永磁体1的周向间隔设置，相邻的铜屏蔽层2之间设置有填充层4。
无论是采用轴向分段式结构还是采用周向分段式结构，均可以在降低永磁体1及铜屏蔽层2本身的涡流损耗方面具有显著效果。也可同时采用周向分段 和轴向分段结合的铜屏蔽层结构，使得周向分段和轴向分段综合使用，从而起到隔断不同屏蔽层之间的涡流回路的作用，降低永磁体表面的涡流损耗的作用。
可选地，铜屏蔽层2的分段数为n，其中n＞2，从而使得铜屏蔽层2能够具有足够的分段数，起到更加有效的隔断不同屏蔽层之间的涡流回路的作用。
铜屏蔽层2的径向厚度为h，其中0.03mm﹤h﹤1.5mm。屏蔽层厚度在一定范围内，随着厚度的增加，降损效果更加明显，但是厚度过小(如小于0.03mm时)，造成屏蔽层内的涡流电密急剧增加，当厚度过大，(如大于1.5mm时)，改善效果不再增加，反而占用高强度保护套的空间，因此为了防止在屏蔽层内感应出过大的涡流损耗，影响其降低转子涡流损耗的效果，又不至于影响保护套厚度，屏蔽层厚度应保证一定的合适尺寸。不同尺寸的转轴，屏蔽层有一较优的厚度取值。
铜屏蔽层2的段与段之间的间隙为δ，其中0﹤δ﹤1mm。间隙δ主要为加工制作时的工艺间隙，间隙内填充环氧树脂胶主要是为了降低碳纤维等保护套在该间隙处的应力集中问题。
铜屏蔽层2与永磁体1之间可以采用间隙配合、过渡配合或过盈配合，使得铜屏蔽层2与永磁体1之间形成良好的配合关系。
保护层3采用合金材料或非金属复合材料制成。保护层3过盈作用于铜屏蔽层2的表面，给永磁体1施加一个压紧力，对永磁体1起保护的作用，防止其高速旋转时因离心力作用而发生破坏。该非金属复合材料例如为碳纤维。
电机转子还包括转轴5，永磁体1套设在转轴5外，并与转轴5胶粘固定。
在本实施例中，永磁体为磁钢，采用钕铁硼或钐钴材料，磁钢为环形结构，其内表面通过专用的磁钢胶粘合在转轴5上。
在进行电机转子的装配时，先把环形磁钢通过专用磁钢胶粘连至电机转轴5上，确认其不会发生松脱；之后把径向分段的铜屏蔽层2依次装配到磁钢表面，分段间隙处涂覆环氧树脂以填充间隙；最后，通过过盈方式，在铜屏蔽层2外安装保护层3。
根据本申请的实施例，电机包括电机转子，该电机转子为上述的电机转子。
根据本申请的实施例，空调器包括电机转子，该电机转子为上述的电机转子。
本领域的技术人员容易理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各有利方式可以自由地组合、叠加。
以上仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。以上仅是本申请的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电机转子，包括永磁体(1)、铜屏蔽层(2)和保护层(3)，所述铜屏蔽层(2)套设在所述永磁体(1)外，所述保护层(3)套设在所述铜屏蔽层(2)外，所述铜屏蔽层(2)采用分段式结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其中，所述铜屏蔽层(2)采用轴向分段式结构，多段所述铜屏蔽层(2)沿所述永磁体(1)的轴向间隔设置，相邻的所述铜屏蔽层(2)之间设置有填充层(4)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其中，所述铜屏蔽层(2)采用周向分段式结构，多段所述铜屏蔽层(2)沿所述永磁体(1)的周向间隔设置，相邻的所述铜屏蔽层(2)之间设置有填充层(4)。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电机转子，其中，所述铜屏蔽层(2)采用周向分段式结构，多段所述铜屏蔽层(2)沿所述永磁体(1)的周向间隔设置，相邻的所述铜屏蔽层(2)之间设置有填充层(4)。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的电机转子，其中，所述铜屏蔽层(2)的分段数为n，其中n＞2。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其中，所述铜屏蔽层(2)与所述永磁体(1)之间为间隙配合、过渡配合或过盈配合。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其中，所述铜屏蔽层(2)的径向厚度为h，其中0.03mm﹤h﹤1.5mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其中，所述铜屏蔽层(2)的段与段之间的间隙为δ，其中0﹤δ﹤1mm。
  9. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的电机转子，其中，所述填充层(4)为环氧树脂。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其中，所述保护层(3)采用合金材料或非金属复合材料制成。
  11. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电机转子，其中，所述电机转子还包括转轴(5)，所述永磁体(1)套设在所述转轴(5)外，并与所述转轴(5)胶粘固定。
  12. 一种电机，包括电机转子，，所述电机转子为权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电机转子。
  13. 一种空调器，包括电机转子，所述电机转子为权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电机转子。
PCT/CN2019/070663 2018-10-08 2019-01-07 电机转子、电机和空调器 Ceased WO2020073549A1 (zh)

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