WO2020073351A1 - 一种水溶性钙镁调节剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水溶性钙镁调节剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073351A1
WO2020073351A1 PCT/CN2018/110938 CN2018110938W WO2020073351A1 WO 2020073351 A1 WO2020073351 A1 WO 2020073351A1 CN 2018110938 W CN2018110938 W CN 2018110938W WO 2020073351 A1 WO2020073351 A1 WO 2020073351A1
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magnesium
calcium
water
parts
potassium
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PCT/CN2018/110938
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王凯
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彭德全
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
    • C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator and a preparation method thereof.
  • the low salinity and lack of minerals cause the shrimp and crab to consume a lot of energy when adjusting the osmotic pressure, resulting in a decline in the resistance of the shrimp.
  • the growth depends on the frequency of molting and the absorption of nutrients after molting.
  • Calcium is one of the components of the algae cell wall and one of the necessary elements for algae growth
  • magnesium is one of the components of chlorophyll, which can promote the photosynthesis of algae and enhance the absorption of nutrients by algae. If the minerals such as calcium and magnesium are insufficient, the growth and reproduction of algae will be inhibited. Then, after the algae has multiplied to a certain extent, the minerals in the water will be consumed in large quantities, resulting in the acceleration of algae growth due to lack of calcium and magnesium Aging causes fluctuations in the algae phase, and even a large number of algae death (inverted algae), deterioration of water quality, which affects the growth and reproduction of shrimp and crab.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator and a preparation method thereof.
  • the water-soluble calcium-magnesium regulator of the present invention can well solve the problem of insufficient calcium and magnesium ions in the water body during the shrimp and crab breeding process, adjust the water environment, and maintain the healthy growth of the shrimp and crab.
  • a water-soluble calcium-magnesium regulator comprising the following components in parts by weight: chelated calcium magnesium zinc potassium mother liquid 200-250 parts, chelating agent 1-3 parts, surfactant 2-4 parts, pigment mother liquid 1- 2 servings.
  • the chelated calcium magnesium zinc potassium mother liquor is composed of the following components by weight: water 35-50 parts, organic acid 3-5 parts, sugar alcohol 12-16 parts, water-soluble chitosan 10- 15 parts, glycerin 4-5 parts, inorganic calcium 35-45 parts, organic calcium 5-8 parts, inorganic magnesium 80-90 parts, organic magnesium 10-15 parts, organic zinc 1-2 parts, organic potassium 4-6 parts .
  • the inorganic calcium is one or more of calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate and calcium chloride; the organic calcium is one of amino acid chelated calcium, calcium acetate, calcium lactate and IDHA-calcium or Multiple; the inorganic magnesium is one or two of magnesium nitrate and magnesium chloride; the organic magnesium is one or more of amino acid chelated magnesium, magnesium acetate, IDHA-magnesium and EDTA-magnesium; Organic zinc is one or more of amino acid chelated zinc, zinc gluconate and zinc acetate; the organic potassium is one or more of potassium acetate, potassium citrate and potassium lactate; the organic acid is lemon One or more of acid, fruit acid and malic acid; the sugar alcohol is one or more of mannitol, xylitol, erythritol and sorbitol.
  • the chelating agent is one of IDHA, EDTA or HEDTA;
  • the surfactant is Tween 40, Tween 80, cocamidopropyl betaine, glyceryl monostearate, polyoxyethylene One or more of glycerides.
  • the pigment mother liquor is composed of the following components by weight: 2 parts of pigment and 100 parts of water.
  • the pigment is one of sunset yellow and lemon yellow.
  • the water-soluble calcium-magnesium regulator has a calcium concentration of 50-95 g / L, a magnesium concentration of 70-148 g / L, a zinc concentration of 1-7 g / L, and a potassium concentration of 5-12 g / L.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator includes the following steps:
  • chelated calcium, magnesium, zinc and potassium mother liquor mix water, glycerin, and organic acid uniformly, heat to 70 °C -85 °C while stirring, and add sugar alcohol, water-soluble chitosan, inorganic calcium, and organic calcium in sequence , Inorganic magnesium, organic magnesium, organic zinc, organic potassium, and then continue the reaction for 30min to obtain chelated calcium magnesium zinc potassium potassium mother liquor;
  • the organic acid component of the present invention can effectively reduce the pH value of the aquaculture water environment, promote algae growth, enhance algae photosynthesis and consume carbon dioxide in the water body, thereby reducing the content of carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions in the water environment while increasing the solubility Oxygen provides a good water environment for the healthy growth of shrimps and crabs;
  • the chelating agent component can chelate heavy metal ions in the water body to avoid the influence of heavy metals on the growth of shrimps or crabs or algae;
  • the surfactant component can reduce the surface tension of the water body and balance the dissolved oxygen in the water body To prevent gas oversaturation, improve water quality problems such as stickiness, odor, and oil film on the surface, create a healthy water environment for shrimp and crab growth; water-soluble chitosan ingredients can play a role in immune protection for shrimp and crab, and can Enhance its digestive physiological function; a variety of ingredients can effectively regulate the water environment through a synergistic effect to maintain the healthy growth of shrimps and crabs.
  • the water-soluble calcium-magnesium regulator of the present invention not only has high utilization rate, but is suitable for the whole process of shrimp and crab farming, while taking into account the adjustment of water hardness and alkalinity and containing the mineral elements necessary for the growth of shrimp, crab and algae (such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, Potassium); the most important thing is that during the molting stage of shrimps and crabs, in the middle and late stages of algae reproduction, it can quickly supplement calcium and magnesium ions in the water body, maintain the dynamic balance of calcium and magnesium ion concentration in the water body, stabilize the pH value of the water body, thereby promote the ecological balance of algae and improve Water quality maintains the healthy growth of shrimps and crabs.
  • the mineral elements necessary for the growth of shrimp, crab and algae such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, Potassium
  • Fig. 1 is a trend diagram of the changes of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in the aquaculture water body in Experimental Example 2.
  • a water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator including the following components in parts by weight: chelated calcium magnesium zinc potassium mother liquor 250 parts, EDTA 2 parts, cocamidopropyl betaine 2 parts, pigment mother liquor 2 parts.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator includes the following steps:
  • chelated calcium, magnesium, zinc and potassium mother liquor mix 40 parts of water, 5 parts of glycerin, and 3 parts of fruit acid, heat to 75 ° C while stirring, then add 15 parts of sorbitol, water-soluble chitosan 10 parts, 40 parts of calcium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium acetate, 90 parts of magnesium nitrate, 10 parts of IDHA-magnesium, 1 part of zinc acetate, 4 parts of potassium citrate, and then continue the reaction for 30 minutes to obtain a chelated calcium magnesium zinc potassium potassium mother liquor;
  • the calcium concentration is 64 g / L
  • the magnesium concentration is 108 g / L
  • the zinc concentration is 3 g / L
  • the potassium concentration is 9 g / L.
  • a water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator comprising the following components in parts by weight: chelated calcium magnesium zinc potassium mother liquor 250 parts, IDHA 2 parts, Tween 40 1 part, Tween 80 1 part, pigment mother liquor 2 parts.
  • a method for preparing a water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator includes the following steps:
  • chelated calcium, magnesium, zinc and potassium mother liquor 45 parts of water, 4 parts of glycerin, and 3 parts of citric acid are mixed evenly, heated to 75 ° C while stirring, 15 parts of erythritol, water-soluble chitosan are added in sequence 15 parts of sugar, 35 parts of calcium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium lactate, 80 parts of magnesium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium acetate, 2 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, and 5 parts of potassium lactate, and then continue the reaction for 30 minutes to obtain a chelated calcium magnesium zinc potassium potassium mother liquor;
  • the calcium concentration is 52 g / L
  • the magnesium concentration is 142 g / L
  • the zinc concentration is 3 g / L
  • the potassium concentration is 9 g / L.
  • a water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator including the following components in parts by weight: chelated calcium magnesium zinc potassium mother liquor 250 parts, HEDTA 2 parts, 2 parts polyoxyethylene glycerate, and 2 parts pigment mother liquor.
  • a method for preparing a water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator includes the following steps:
  • chelated calcium, magnesium, zinc and potassium mother liquor mix 40 parts of water, 5 parts of glycerin, and 3 parts of malic acid, heat to 80 ° C while stirring, then add 12 parts of mannitol, water-soluble chitosan 10 parts, 45 parts of calcium chloride, 8 parts of amino acid chelated calcium, 90 parts of magnesium nitrate, 10 parts of amino acid chelated magnesium, 2 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 5 parts of potassium citrate, and then continue the reaction for 30 minutes to obtain chelated calcium Magnesium, zinc and potassium mother liquor;
  • the calcium concentration is 95 g / L
  • the magnesium concentration is 97 g / L
  • the zinc concentration is 2 g / L
  • the potassium concentration is 11 g / L.
  • a water-soluble calcium-magnesium regulator comprising the following components in parts by weight: chelated calcium-magnesium-zinc-potassium mother liquor 235 parts, IDHA 3 parts, Tween 40 1 part, Tween 80 1 part, pigment mother liquor 2 parts.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator includes the following steps:
  • chelated calcium, magnesium, zinc and potassium mother liquor 45 parts of water, 5 parts of glycerin and 4 parts of citric acid are mixed evenly, heated to 75 ° C while stirring, 15 parts of sorbitol and water-soluble chitosan are added in sequence 15 parts, 35 parts of calcium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium lactate, 90 parts of magnesium chloride, 15 parts of magnesium acetate, 1 part of amino acid chelated zinc, and 5 parts of potassium acetate, and then continue the reaction for 30 minutes to obtain a chelated calcium magnesium zinc potassium potassium mother liquor;
  • the calcium concentration is 54 g / L
  • the magnesium concentration is 148 g / L
  • the zinc concentration is 1 g / L
  • the potassium concentration is 9 g / L.
  • the river water was filtered through gauze, bleached, disinfected, and fully exploded into four experimental cement ponds as the basic water for breeding.
  • the experimental object was the desalination of Penaeus vannamei, and it was distributed into the experimental pond after 15 days of salt and salt acclimation.
  • the control group CK is without adding water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulators, and the experimental groups SY-1, SY-2 and SY-3 are added with the water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulators of Example 1 according to the dosage of 1L, 2L and 3L / mu * m.
  • Agent the pool water is continuously inflated.
  • artificial compound feed was fed regularly and quantitatively every day. After the farming, the survival rate and growth rate of juvenile shrimp were measured.
  • Table 1 The experimental results are shown in Table 1:
  • seedlings with normal body shape, complete appendages, strong body shape and strong vitality. Seeds are planted at 30,000 ponds / mu in the pond. After disinfection, all disinfectants and algaecides are forbidden. After the seedlings are released, the pond water is gradually deepened to 1.5m; thereafter, the water is changed every 10 days, 30cm of the old pond water is drawn out, and then 30cm of new water is added.
  • the control group CK-1 uses quick lime as the regulator, and CK-2 uses the HLK product as the regulator; the experimental groups SY-1 and SY-2 use the water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulators prepared in Example 2 and Example 3, respectively. The experiment period is 70 days. The water quality is tested every week to observe the growth status of algae in the aquaculture water environment. Various indicators of the aquaculture water body are tested. The national standard method is used to determine the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite content, pH value, alkalinity and hardness of the aquaculture water body.
  • the SY-1 and SY-2 cultured water bodies of the experimental group were significantly rich in algae, and the water was rich in green algae and other beneficial algae species; while the CK-1 and CK-2 cultured water bodies had fewer types and low content of algae. And detected harmful algae.
  • the water-soluble calcium-magnesium regulator of the present invention contains organic acids. After using the water-soluble calcium-magnesium regulators of Examples 2 and 3, the pH value of the aquaculture water body can be decreased. The pH value of the group using quicklime and HLK products instead rises.
  • the quicklime dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions, and the main component of the HLK product is dolomite powder;
  • the water soluble examples 2 and 3 After using calcium and magnesium regulators, the alkalinity of the aquaculture water decreased significantly, but the alkalinity did not change significantly after using quicklime and HLK products;
  • the water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulators of Example 2 and Example 3 After using the water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulators of Example 2 and Example 3, the culture The hardness of the water body increased significantly, an increase of 158%, while the hardness of the water body using quicklime and HLK products only increased by 72% and 57%, respectively. It can be seen from the results of using the regulator that the water-soluble calcium-magnesium regulator of the present invention has a good function of regulating water quality.
  • the changes of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite content, pH value, alkalinity and hardness of the cultured water indicate that the water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulator of the present invention can maintain the stability of the water body and provide sufficient calcium and magnesium for the molting of shrimp Ions provide a healthy growth environment for shrimp and crab farming.
  • the water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulators of Examples 1-4 were used in crab farming, and similar results were obtained for the experimental groups in Experimental Example 1 and Experimental Example 2, indicating that the water-soluble calcium and magnesium regulators provided by the present invention The growth of shrimp and crab has obvious promotion effect.

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Abstract

涉及水产养殖技术领域，特别是一种水溶性钙镁调节剂及其制备方法。水溶性钙镁调节剂，包括按重量份计的以下组分：螯合钙镁锌钾母液200-250份、螯合剂1-3份、表面活性剂2-4份、色素母液1-2份。该水溶性钙镁调节剂不仅利用率高，适于虾蟹养殖全过程，还能够很好地解决虾蟹养殖过程中水体钙镁离子不足的问题，同时兼顾水体硬度和碱度调节以及包含虾蟹、藻类生长所必需的矿质元素(如钙、镁、锌、钾)；最重要的是，在虾蟹蜕壳期、藻类繁殖中后期，能迅速补充水体钙镁离子，维持水体钙镁离子浓度的动态平衡，稳定水体pH值，进而促进藻类生态平衡，提高水质，维系虾蟹的健康生长。

Description

一种水溶性钙镁调节剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域，特别是一种水溶性钙镁调节剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，随着水产行业的技术革新，具有较强的盐度适应能力的虾蟹品种在内陆区域逐渐推广。由于养殖用水不同，养殖效果差异明显，沿海地区海水或半咸水养殖产量远高于内陆淡水养殖。内陆淡水养殖效果主要受养殖用水盐度及钙镁等矿物质离子含量的影响。钙镁等矿物质占虾蟹机体8%的比重，起到维系细胞与组织结构、渗透调节、离子调控、膜电位调控、蛋白质与多种酶类构建的作用。在淡化养殖过程中，低盐度和矿物质不足导致虾蟹调节渗透压会消耗大量的能量，致使虾的抵抗力下降，在初期因无法适应新环境而被淘汰，致使成活率下降；虾蟹的生长靠蜕壳的频率及蜕壳后吸收营养物质来完成的，如果钙镁矿物质不足，会影响虾的蜕壳频率及吸收营养，而导致生长速度变慢；相比海水养殖，淡化养殖过程中受低浓度钙镁离子的限制，虾蟹在中后期就长得很慢，而虾蟹在水体里集中大量蜕壳，会造成蜕壳后出现矿物质严重不足的情况，导致虾硬壳时间延长，最终因蜕壳时间延长的虾蟹抗病力下降及弧菌入侵的双重影响而导致发病。
钙是藻类细胞壁的组成成分之一，藻类生长所需的必要元素之一；镁是叶绿素组成成分之一，能促进藻类光合作用、提升藻类对营养物质的吸收。如果钙镁等矿物质不足，藻类的生长和繁殖就会受到抑制，继而当藻类繁殖到一定程度后，由于水体里的矿物质被大量消耗殆尽，致使藻类生长因钙镁离子的缺乏而加速老化，从而引起藻相的波动，甚至藻类大量死亡（倒藻），出现水质恶化，进而影响虾蟹的生长繁殖。
在水产养殖中，常用于补充水体环境中钙镁等矿物离子的产品多由碳酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、碳酸镁等矿石原料制备，该类产品溶解度小，不能满足快速补充钙镁离子，特别是虾蟹蜕壳期、藻类繁殖后期对钙镁离子的快速、大量需求；且该类产品投入水体环境中大部分未被利用而沉入池塘底部，给底部造成污染。因此，有必要提供一种既能快速补充钙镁等矿物离子，又能调节水质，且安全可靠的调节剂。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种水溶性钙镁调节剂及其制备方法。本发明的水溶性钙镁调节剂能够很好地解决虾蟹养殖过程中水体钙镁离子不足的问题，调节水体环境，维系虾蟹健康生长。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种水溶性钙镁调节剂，包括按重量份计的以下组分：螯合钙镁锌钾母液200-250份、螯合剂1-3份、表面活性剂2-4份、色素母液1-2份。
优选地，所述螯合钙镁锌钾母液由以下按重量分计的组分组成：水35-50份、有机酸3-5份、糖醇12-16份、水溶性壳聚糖10-15份、甘油4-5份、无机钙35-45份、有机钙5-8份、无机镁80-90份、有机镁10-15份、有机锌1-2份、有机钾4-6份。
优选地，所述无机钙为硝酸钙、硝酸铵钙、氯化钙中的一种或多种；所述有机钙为氨基酸螯合钙、乙酸钙、乳酸钙和IDHA-钙中的一种或多种；所述无机镁为硝酸镁、氯化镁中的一种或两种；所述有机镁为氨基酸螯合镁、乙酸镁、IDHA-镁和EDTA-镁中的一种或多种；所述有机锌为氨基酸螯合锌、葡萄糖酸锌和乙酸锌中的一种或多种；所述有机钾为乙酸钾、柠檬酸钾、乳酸钾中的一种或多种；所述有机酸为柠檬酸、果酸、苹果酸中的一种或多种；所述糖醇为甘露糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇和山梨糖醇中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述螯合剂为IDHA、EDTA或HEDTA中的一种；所述表面活性剂为吐温40、吐温80、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、单硬脂酸甘油酯、聚氧乙烯甘油酸酯中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述色素母液由以下按重量分计的组分组成：色素2份、水100份。
优选地，所述色素为日落黄、柠檬黄中的一种。
优选地，所述水溶性钙镁调节剂中的钙浓度为50-95g/L，镁浓度为70-148g/L，锌浓度为1-7g/L，钾浓度为5-12g/L。
上述的水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）螯合钙镁锌钾母液的制备：将水、甘油、有机酸混合均匀，边搅拌边加热至70℃-85℃，依次加入糖醇、水溶性壳聚糖、无机钙、有机钙、无机镁、有机镁、有机锌、有机钾，然后继续反应30min，得到螯合钙镁锌钾母液；
（2）色素母液的制备：将色素、水混合均匀，得到色素母液；
（3）水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备：将螯合钙镁锌钾母液与表面活性剂混合均匀，在温度60℃-70℃下加入螯合剂反应30min，冷却至室温后加入色素母液，混合均匀，即得到水溶性钙镁调节剂。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明中的有机酸成分能有效降低养殖水环境的pH值，促进藻类生长，增强藻类光合作用消耗水体中的二氧化碳，进而使得水环境碳酸根离子和碳酸氢根离子的含量降低，同时增加溶氧，为虾蟹健康生长提供良好的水体环境；螯合剂成分可螯合水体中重金属离子，避免重金属影响虾蟹或藻类的生长；表面活性剂成分，能降低水体表面张力，平衡水体中溶氧，防止气体过饱和，改善水质粘稠、发臭、表层有油膜等水质问题，为虾蟹生长创造健康水体环境；水溶性壳聚糖成分可为虾蟹起到一定的免疫保护作用，并能增强其消化生理机能；多种成分通过协同效应有效地调节水体环境，维系虾蟹健康生长。
本发明的水溶性钙镁调节剂不仅利用率高，适于虾蟹养殖全过程，同时兼顾水体硬度和碱度调节以及包含虾蟹、藻类生长所必需的矿质元素（如钙、镁、锌、钾）；最重要的是，在虾蟹蜕壳期、藻类繁殖中后期，能迅速补充水体钙镁离子，维持水体钙镁离子浓度的动态平衡，稳定水体pH值，进而促进藻类生态平衡，提高水质，维系虾蟹的健康生长。
附图说明
图1是实验例2中养殖水体的氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量变化的趋势图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例详细说明本发明。
实施例1
一种水溶性钙镁调节剂，包括按重量份计的以下组分：螯合钙镁锌钾母液250份、EDTA 2份、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱2份、色素母液2份。
上述的水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）螯合钙镁锌钾母液的制备：将水40份、甘油5份、果酸3份混合均匀，边搅拌边加热至75℃，依次加入山梨糖醇15份、水溶性壳聚糖10份、硝酸钙40份、乙酸钙5份、硝酸镁90份、IDHA-镁10份、乙酸锌1份、柠檬酸钾4份，然后继续反应30min，得到螯合钙镁锌钾母液；
（2）色素母液的制备：将柠檬黄2份、水100份混合均匀，得到色素母液；
（3）水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备：将螯合钙镁锌钾母液与椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱混合均匀，在温度为60℃下加入EDTA反应30min，冷却至室温后加入色素母液，混合均匀，即得到水溶性钙镁调节剂。
上述钙镁调节剂中钙浓度为64g/L、镁浓度为108g/L、锌浓度为3g/L 、钾浓度为9g/L。
实施例2
一种水溶性钙镁调节剂，包括按重量份计的以下组分：螯合钙镁锌钾母液250份、IDHA 2份、吐温40 1份、吐温80 1份、色素母液2份。
一种的水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）螯合钙镁锌钾母液的制备：将水45份、甘油4份、柠檬酸3份混合均匀，边搅拌边加热至75℃，依次加入赤藓糖醇15份、水溶性壳聚糖15份、硝酸钙35份、乳酸钙5份、氯化镁80份、乙酸镁10份、氨基酸螯合锌2份、乳酸钾5份，然后继续反应30min，得到螯合钙镁锌钾母液；
（2）色素母液的制备：将柠檬黄2份、水100份混合均匀，得到色素母液；
（3）水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备：将螯合钙镁锌钾母液、吐温40与吐温80 混合均匀，在温度为60℃下加入IDHA反应30min，冷却至室温后加入色素母液，混合均匀，即得到水溶性钙镁调节剂。
上述的钙镁调节剂中钙浓度为52g/L、镁浓度为142g/L、锌浓度为3g/L 、钾浓度为9g/L。
实施例3
一种水溶性钙镁调节剂，包括按重量份计的以下组分：螯合钙镁锌钾母液250份、HEDTA 2份、聚氧乙烯甘油酸酯2份、色素母液2份。
一种水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）螯合钙镁锌钾母液的制备：将水40份、甘油5份、苹果酸3份混合均匀，边搅拌边加热至80℃，依次加入甘露糖醇12份、水溶性壳聚糖10份、氯化钙45份、氨基酸螯合钙8份、硝酸镁90份、氨基酸螯合镁10份、氨基酸螯合锌2份、柠檬酸钾5份，然后继续反应30min，得到螯合钙镁锌钾母液；
（2）色素母液的制备：将日落黄2份、水100份混合均匀，得到色素母液；
（3）水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备：将螯合钙镁锌钾母液与聚氧乙烯甘油酸酯混合均匀，在温度为60℃下加入HEDTA 反应30min，冷却至室温后加入色素母液，混合均匀，即得到水溶性钙镁调节剂。
上述的钙镁调节剂中钙浓度为95g/L、镁浓度为97g/L、锌浓度为2g/L 、钾浓度为11g/L。
实施例4
一种水溶性钙镁调节剂，包括按重量份计的以下组分：螯合钙镁锌钾母液235份、IDHA 3份、吐温40 1份、吐温80 1份、色素母液2份。
上述的水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）螯合钙镁锌钾母液的制备：将水45份、甘油5份、柠檬酸4份混合均匀，边搅拌边加热至75℃，依次加入山梨糖醇15份、水溶性壳聚糖15份、硝酸钙35份、乳酸钙5份、氯化镁90份、乙酸镁15份、氨基酸螯合锌1份、乙酸钾5份，然后继续反应30min，得到螯合钙镁锌钾母液；
（2）色素母液的制备：将柠檬黄2份、水100份混合均匀，得到色素母液；
（3）水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备：将螯合钙镁锌钾母液、吐温40与吐温80混合均匀，在温度为65℃下加入IDHA 反应30min，冷却至室温后加入色素母液，混合均匀，即得到水溶性钙镁调节剂。
上述的钙镁调节剂中钙浓度为54g/L、镁浓度为148g/L、锌浓度为1g/L 、钾浓度为9g/L。
实验例1
水溶性钙镁调节剂用量对凡纳滨对虾幼苗成活率及生长的影响：
河水经纱布过滤、漂白消毒、充分爆气后注入四个实验水泥池作为养殖基础用水，实验对象为凡纳滨对虾淡化苗，经15天生盐和降盐驯化后布入实验池。对照组CK为不加入水溶性钙镁调节剂，实验组SY-1、SY-2、SY-3为按照1L、2L、3L/亩*米的用量加入投入实施例1的水溶性钙镁调节剂，池水连续充气。分别50天养殖周期内，每天定时定量投喂人工配合饲料，养殖结束后测定幼虾成活率与生长速度，实验结果见表1：
表1 水溶性钙镁调节剂用量对凡纳滨对虾幼苗成活率及生长的影响
组别 水源 用量（L/亩*米） 成活率（%） 体长增长率（%）
CK 河水 0 53.7±1.7 108.2±0.58
SY-1 河水 1 78.1±1.7 132.2±1.88
SY-2 河水 2 96.5±1.7 148.34±0.58
SY-3 河水 3 93.1±2.1 141.06±8.01
从上表可看出：SY-2组的幼虾成活率、体长增长率最高，而CK组的幼虾成活率、体长增长率均最低，表明了本发明的水溶性钙镁调节剂能有效提高幼虾成活率以及促进其生长。
实验例2
水溶性钙镁调节剂对凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘水质的影响：
采用四口面积约5亩的养殖池塘，放苗前进水到水深1m，并按照2L/亩或2kg/亩的用量，每十天一次的方式使用调节剂。
选择虾体形态正常、附肢完整、体型健壮、活力强的苗种，按池塘3万尾/亩投放苗种，放苗后禁用一切消毒剂、杀藻剂，每日常规投饵料。放苗后，池水逐步加深到1.5m；之后每隔10天换水，抽出30cm旧池水，再补入30cm新水。对照组CK-1，使用生石灰作为调节剂，CK-2使用HLK产品作为调节剂；实验组SY-1、SY-2分别使用实施例2、实施例3制备的水溶性钙镁调节剂。实验周期70天，每周检测水质，观察养殖水体环境中藻类的生长状态，检测养殖水体各项指标，采用国标法测定养殖水体氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量以及pH值、碱度、硬度。
实验结果如下：
1.藻类浮游植物的生长状况：
在实验组中，实验组SY-1、SY-2养殖水体中藻类植物明显丰富，水中富含绿藻等有益藻种；而CK-1、CK-2养殖水体中藻类种类少、含量低，并检测出有害藻类。
2.养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量：
CK-1组与SY-1组中的养殖水体的氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量变化趋势。结果如图1所示：
由图1可知，SY-1组使用实施例2制备的水溶性钙镁调节剂后，养殖水体的氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量随养殖时间的延长呈现微弱的上升趋势，但含量均远低于毒性含量值；而使用生石灰调节剂的养殖水体中的氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量随养殖时间的延长呈现显著的上升趋势，且在第50天后氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量均超过毒性含量值。
3.养殖水体的pH值、碱度和硬度：
第4次使用调节剂后24h的检测养殖水体的pH值、碱度和硬度。结果如表2所示：
表2 使用水溶性钙镁调节剂后水体pH值、碱度、硬度的变化
组别 调节剂 pH值 碱度（mg/L） 硬度（mg/L）
使用前 使用后 使用前 使用后 使用前 使用后
CK-1 生石灰 9.1 9.5 312 290 36 62
CK-2 HLK产品 9.0 9.5 308 316 37 58
SY-1 实施例2的产品 8.7 8.0 292 68 38 98
SY-2 实施例3的产品 8.9 8.1 296 66 35 100
从表2结果可知：（1）本发明的水溶性钙镁调节剂中含有有机酸，使用实施例2、实施例3的水溶性钙镁调节剂后可以使养殖水体pH值呈下降趋势，而使用生石灰和HLK产品的组别的pH值反而上升，这是由于生石灰溶解于水后产生氢氧根离子，而HLK产品主要成分为白云石粉；（2）使用实施例2、实施例3的水溶性钙镁调节剂后，养殖水体碱度明显下降，而使用生石灰、HLK产品后碱度并未发生显著变化；（3）使用实施例2、实施例3的水溶性钙镁调节剂后，养殖水体硬度明显上升，增加了158%，而使用生石灰、HLK产品的水体硬度仅分别增加72%、57%。从使用调节剂的结果可以看出本发明的水溶性钙镁调节剂具有很好的调节水质的功能。
综上所述，从养殖水体的氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量、pH值、碱度、硬度的变化，说明本发明的水溶性钙镁调节剂能维持水体稳定，为对虾蜕壳提供充足的钙镁离子，给虾蟹养殖提供健康的生长环境。
实验例3
将实施例1-4的水溶性钙镁调节剂用于蟹养殖，得到实验例1、实验例2中的实验组相似的结果，表明本发明所提供的水溶性钙镁调节剂对所述水体中的虾蟹的生长具有明显的促进作用。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种水溶性钙镁调节剂，其特征在于，包括按重量份计的以下组分：螯合钙镁锌钾母液200-250份、螯合剂1-3份、表面活性剂2-4份、色素母液1-2份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的水溶性钙镁调节剂，其特征在于，所述螯合钙镁锌钾母液由以下按重量分计的组分组成：水35-50份、有机酸3-5份、糖醇12-16份、水溶性壳聚糖10-15份、甘油4-5份、无机钙35-45份、有机钙5-8份、无机镁80-90份、有机镁10-15份、有机锌1-2份、有机钾4-6份。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的水溶性钙镁调节剂，其特征在于，所述无机钙为硝酸钙、硝酸铵钙、氯化钙中的一种或多种；所述有机钙为氨基酸螯合钙、乙酸钙、乳酸钙和IDHA-钙中的一种或多种；所述无机镁为硝酸镁、氯化镁中的一种或两种；所述有机镁为氨基酸螯合镁、乙酸镁、IDHA-镁和EDTA-镁中的一种或多种；所述有机锌为氨基酸螯合锌、葡萄糖酸锌和乙酸锌中的一种或多种；所述有机钾为乙酸钾、柠檬酸钾、乳酸钾中的一种或多种；所述有机酸为柠檬酸、果酸、苹果酸中的一种或多种；所述糖醇为甘露糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇和山梨糖醇中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的水溶性钙镁调节剂，其特征在于，所述螯合剂为IDHA、EDTA或HEDTA中的一种；所述表面活性剂为吐温40、吐温80、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、单硬脂酸甘油酯、聚氧乙烯甘油酸酯中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的水溶性钙镁调节剂，其特征在于，所述色素母液由以下按重量分计的组分组成：色素2份、水100份。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的水溶性钙镁调节剂，其特征在于，所述色素为日落黄、柠檬黄中的一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的水溶性钙镁调节剂，其特征在于，其中的钙浓度为50-95g/L，镁浓度为70-148g/L，锌浓度为1-7g/L，钾浓度为5-12g/L。
  8. 权利要求1-7中任一项所述的水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    （1）螯合钙镁锌钾母液的制备：将水、甘油、有机酸混合均匀，边搅拌边加热至70℃-85℃，依次加入糖醇、水溶性壳聚糖、无机钙、有机钙、无机镁、有机镁、有机锌、有机钾，然后继续反应30min，得到螯合钙镁锌钾母液；
    （2）色素母液的制备：将色素、水混合均匀，得到色素母液；
    （3）水溶性钙镁调节剂的制备：将螯合钙镁锌钾母液与表面活性剂混合均匀，在温度60℃-70℃下加入螯合剂反应30min，冷却至室温后加入色素母液，混合均匀，即得到水溶性钙镁调节剂。
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