WO2020063704A1 - Led显示屏 - Google Patents

Led显示屏 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020063704A1
WO2020063704A1 PCT/CN2019/107996 CN2019107996W WO2020063704A1 WO 2020063704 A1 WO2020063704 A1 WO 2020063704A1 CN 2019107996 W CN2019107996 W CN 2019107996W WO 2020063704 A1 WO2020063704 A1 WO 2020063704A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
led
light
display screen
led array
array
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/107996
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡飞
李士杰
李屹
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Shenzhen Appotronics Corp Ltd
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Appotronics Corp Ltd
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Publication of WO2020063704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020063704A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
    • G02B30/25—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using polarisation techniques

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an LED display screen, and belongs to the technical field of LED display.
  • the stereoscopic or 3D vision when the human eye views an actual object is because the angles at which the left and right eyes view the object are slightly different, and the brain synthesizes a stereo image.
  • the video is recorded from two angles while imitating the human eye during recording, and then played to the left and right eyes for viewing.
  • polarized optics In order to prevent the contents of the images received by the left and right eyes from affecting each other, a common method is to use polarized optics.
  • the viewer wears polarized glasses.
  • the left and right lenses have different polarization directions, and the image source displays two Perspective image.
  • the two polarization states are usually linear polarization states or left-handed and right-handed circular polarizations. Because the polarizer will block at least half of the incident light, higher requirements are imposed on the brightness of the light source.
  • LED lamp beads have the characteristics of high luminous brightness.
  • the large screen composed of dot matrix can display very high brightness (easily higher than 1000Nit), and still has sufficient brightness after being filtered by a polarizer, which is very suitable for 3D display.
  • LED display has other advantages, such as each LED light bead responds quickly, can also be controlled individually on and off, can be completely turned off when displaying black, so it has a high contrast.
  • the narrow spectrum of LED lamp beads makes the display system have a wide color gamut. Due to these advantages of LED array display, coupled with the continuous reduction in the cost of related components and the continuous maturation of technology, some manufacturers have introduced LED array displays to present high-quality images, such as Samsung's Cinema LEDScreen and Sony's Crystal display . LED large screen display has gradually entered the field of high-quality video projection. With the continuous maturity of technology and the production of related 3D film sources by content providers, LED 3D display will bring a new visual experience.
  • the number of LED lamp beads needs to be doubled to maintain two because the left and right eyes are watching different angles of view of the same content.
  • Dimensional display resolution In the case of the same overall size, the density of the LED lamp beads doubles, and the size of the polarizer must be reduced by half accordingly. Since the LED lamp beads are approximately Lambertian light sources, there is 180 ° divergent light in the viewing direction. When the polarizer is a certain distance from the LED lamp beads, the light from the lamp beads is easy when the LED lamp beads and the polarizer are closely packed. The polarizing plate corresponding to the adjacent lamp beads is irradiated, so that the same polarizing plate receives adjacent light of different image contents, which affects the final 3D display effect.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an LED display screen, which avoids mutual interference of light from adjacent LED light emitting units, increases the pixel filling rate of the LED display screen, and eliminates particles during viewing Sense, making the LED display's ability to resist ambient light enhanced.
  • An LED display screen includes: an LED array including a plurality of LED light emitting units, wherein the plurality of LED light emitting units are disposed on a substrate; a diffusion film is disposed on a light emitting side of the LED array; and a matrix light-shielding
  • a frame is disposed between the LED array and the diffusion film, and includes a hollow grid array, the hollow grid array includes a plurality of hollow grids, and the hollow grids correspond to the LED light emitting units one to one, And the projection of the hollow grid on the substrate surrounds its corresponding LED light emitting unit; and a polarizer is disposed on the light path through which the light emitted by the LED array passes, and includes alternately arranged first polarization regions and first Two polarization regions. Light emitted by the LED array passes through a first polarization region to form a first polarized light, and passes through a second polarization region to form a second polarized light.
  • the polarizing plate is disposed between the diffusion film and the matrix light-shielding frame.
  • the diffusion film is a surface scattering film, and a side of the diffusion film near the polarizer is a scattering surface.
  • the polarizing plate is disposed on a side of the diffusion film remote from the LED array.
  • the polarizer is disposed on a surface of a transparent substrate near the LED array.
  • the polarizing plate is disposed between the LED array and the matrix light-shielding frame.
  • the LED array further includes a photomask provided on the substrate, and the photomask is provided with an opening corresponding to the LED light emitting unit.
  • One LED light-emitting unit is respectively located in the center of an opening.
  • the polarizer is disposed in a hollow grid of the matrix shading frame.
  • the thickness of the side wall of the hollow grid is gradually reduced in a direction away from the LED array.
  • the polarizer is a linear polarizer, and the polarization directions of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are perpendicular to each other; or, the polarizer is a circular polarizer, and the first polarized light and the second polarized light are polarized.
  • the light is left-handed polarized light and right-handed polarized light.
  • the first polarization region and the second polarization region are alternately arranged in a horizontal or vertical direction, and the first polarization region and the second polarization region are stripe-shaped; or, the first polarization region and the second polarization region are along The horizontal and vertical directions are arranged alternately, and the first and second polarization regions are square.
  • a quarter wave plate is further provided between the polarizer and the LED array, or a quarter wave plate is provided on the side of the polarizer facing the LED array. Plating.
  • the present invention provides a matrix shading frame corresponding to the LED array on the light path through which the light emitted by the LED array passes, so that the light emitted by the LED array is restricted to the pixel unit, and the light from the adjacent LED light emitting unit is avoided. Interfering with each other, preventing light from one polarized image from leaking into adjacent polarized images, improving 3D display clarity; by diffusing the film, increasing the pixel fill rate of the LED display and eliminating the graininess when viewing; Setting a quarter-wave plate makes the LED display screen more resistant to ambient light.
  • the present invention also provides multiple ways of setting polarizers to meet the user's needs for viewing 3D effects in various scenarios.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an LED display screen according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of light emitted from an LED light emitting unit
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of light emitted from an LED light emitting unit provided with a diffusion film
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarizing plate according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another polarizing plate according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another polarizing plate according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an LED display screen in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of polarization maintaining degree of diffusion films with different structures
  • Embodiment 9 is a cross-sectional view of an LED display screen in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an LED display screen in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an LED display screen in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an LED display screen according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides an LED display screen.
  • the LED display screen includes: an LED array 100, a diffusion film 400, a matrix shading frame 200, and a polarizer 300.
  • the LED array 100 includes a plurality of LED light emitting units 110.
  • the plurality of LED light emitting units 110 are disposed on a substrate.
  • the LED array 100 further includes a driving circuit and a driving chip disposed on the substrate.
  • the substrate may be a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) circuit board.
  • the LED light emitting unit 110 is preferably an LED chip packaged with red, green and blue three-color LEDs. Each LED light emitting unit 110 represents a pixel.
  • a plurality of the LED light emitting units 110 are preferably arranged in a rectangular array on the PCB circuit board.
  • the substrate is coated with a black light absorbing layer on the side where the LED light emitting unit 110 is disposed.
  • the brightness and darkness of the LED light emitting unit 110 of the LED array 100 can be driven by a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) method, and the color can be displayed in a rich gray scale.
  • the 3D video film source is provided to the driving chip in two ways.
  • the driving chip controls the LED light emitting units 110 of different polarization directions to display corresponding content, and viewers wearing corresponding 3D glasses can feel 3D stereoscopic images.
  • the matrix shading frame 200 is disposed between the LED array 100 and the diffusion film 400, and is configured to block crosstalk light from adjacent LED light emitting units 110.
  • the matrix shading frame 200 includes a hollow grid array, and the hollow grid array includes a plurality of hollow grids 210.
  • the hollow grids 210 correspond to the LED light emitting units 110 one-to-one, and the hollow grids 210
  • the projection on the substrate surrounds its corresponding LED light emitting unit 110; the number of the hollow grids 210 is the same as the number of the LED light units 110, and each of the LED light emitting units 110 and the center of the hollow grid 210
  • the side wall of the matrix light-shielding frame 200 has optical functions of reflection and scattering.
  • the side wall of the matrix light-shielding frame 200 is coated with high-reflective paint with a Gaussian scattering angle of 15 °, so that each LED light-emitting unit The light emitted by 110 is restricted to spread within the hollow grid 210.
  • the reflection performance of the side wall can be obtained by making parallel light perpendicularly incident on the side wall and then measuring the reflected light. In the case of diffuse reflection, the reflected light forms a light cone distribution, and the luminous intensity of the reflected light is not less than 50% of the central intensity.
  • the light cone angle of the light cone is the "scattering angle" described above.
  • the function of the matrix light-shielding frame is to block the light of the LED light-emitting unit. It can be understood that in some embodiments, the side wall of the matrix light-shielding frame is also provided with a light absorbing material instead of a reflection / scattering material. Optical crosstalk of adjacent cells.
  • the thickness of the side wall of the hollow grid 210 gradually decreases in a direction away from the LED array 100, and this technical solution can also achieve the effect of increasing the pixel filling rate.
  • the cross-section of the side wall of the hollow grid 210 is trapezoidal.
  • the matrix shading frame 200 may be injection-molded by a metal mold.
  • the diffusion film 400 is disposed on the light emitting side of the LED array 100, and is used to transmit and diffuse the light emitted by the LED array 100.
  • the diffusion film 400 may be a surface scattering film or a body scattering film, preferably a surface scattering film, and the scattering surface thereof faces The LED array 100 is arranged so as to obtain excellent polarization maintaining performance.
  • the material of the diffusion film 400 includes matte PC plastic, matte PMMA, matte PET, matte PVC, matte PP, matte PS, matte epoxy resin, matte glass, or a mixture of liquid crystal polymer and photosensitive resin.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of light emitted from an LED light emitting unit
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of light emitted from an LED light emitting unit provided with a diffusion film.
  • the light emitted by the LED array 100 is irradiated onto the diffusion film 400 through a matrix shading frame (not shown in the figure).
  • One pixel point formed on the diffusion film 400 and the LEDs in the LED array 100 The light-emitting units 110 correspond one-to-one.
  • the light emitted by the LED light-emitting unit 110 irradiates the diffusion film 400 to form a light spot larger than the light-emitting surface of the LED light-emitting unit 110, thereby diffusing
  • the pixel matrix on the film 400 has a higher pixel filling rate than the 110 pixel matrix of the LED light emitting unit. In other words, when the diffuser film 400 is not provided, the separated LED light emitting unit array is imaged on the retina of the human eye to form an image.
  • the viewer looks at the screen composed of the LED array 100 and sees a plurality of LED light emitting units 110; After the diffusing film 400, the light emitted from the LED light emitting unit 110 changed the light distribution again.
  • the diffusing film 400 is equivalent to a new "passive light source".
  • the diffusing film 400 is imaged on the retina of the human eye to form an image, and its pixels are filled. The rate is significantly increased compared to the original LED light-emitting unit array.
  • the propagation angle is enlarged, so that the LED display screen having the diffusion film 400 has a larger viewing angle.
  • a polarizer 300 is provided.
  • the polarizing plate 300 is preferably an absorption-type polarizing plate, and includes first and second polarizing regions 310 and 320 arranged alternately.
  • the first and second polarizing regions 310 and 320 are mutually orthogonal polarizing plates.
  • the polarizing plate 300 is disposed on the light path through which the light emitted by the LED array 100 passes.
  • the light emitted by the LED array 100 is unpolarized light, which passes through the first polarization region 310 to form a first polarized light, and passes through the second polarization region to form a second polarization.
  • Light may be of various types.
  • the polarizer when the polarizer is a linear polarizer, the polarization directions of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are perpendicular to each other.
  • the polarizer is a circular polarizer, the first polarized light and the The two polarized lights are left-handed polarized light and right-handed polarized light.
  • a quarter wave plate is further provided between the polarizing plate 300 and the LED array 100, or the polarizing plate 300 faces the LED array 100.
  • Quarter-wave plate coating on one side.
  • the phase of the polarizing plate 300 changed by 90 ° (or 270 °), so that almost all of the ambient light was Absorption, and the light emitted by the LED array 100 itself is not polarized light.
  • the polarizer 300 still has 50%. Transmittance (actually about 46%), that is, the addition of a quarter-wave plate or a quarter-wave plate coating makes the LED display have the effect of resisting ambient light without affecting the light emitted by the LED array 100 .
  • a good anti-ambient light effect can be achieved.
  • selecting a quarter-wave plate with a center wavelength of green light wavelength can achieve a better anti-ambient light effect.
  • the visual stimulus effect of green light is stronger, and on the other hand, On the one hand, green light is between the wavelengths of red and blue light, and the wavelength shift is small.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a polarizer of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of another polarizer of the present invention
  • the vertical direction is defined as the vertical direction
  • the horizontal direction is defined as the horizontal direction.
  • the first polarization region and the second polarization region in the polarizer may be alternately arranged in the lateral direction, that is, the first polarization region and the second polarization region are both strip-shaped polarizers, except that they are located at left and right boundaries.
  • the left and right sides of the remaining first polarization regions are second polarization regions, and the left and right sides of the remaining second polarization regions are first polarization regions, where adjacent first polarization regions are
  • the center distance p between the second polarization region and the second polarization region is the distance between adjacent LED light emitting units, and the width d of the first polarization region and the second polarization region is less than or equal to the center distance p.
  • the first polarization region and the second polarization region in the polarizer may be alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction, that is, the first polarization region and the second polarization region are both strip-shaped polarizers, except that they are located at upper and lower boundaries.
  • the upper and lower sides of the remaining first polarization regions are second polarization regions, and the upper and lower sides of the remaining second polarization regions are first polarization regions, where adjacent first polarization regions are
  • the center distance p between the second polarization region and the second polarization region is the distance between adjacent LED light emitting units, and the width d of the first polarization region and the second polarization region is less than or equal to the center distance p.
  • the first polarization region and the second polarization region in the polarizer are alternately arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, that is, the first polarization region and the second polarization region are both square polarizers, except that Outside the first polarization region and the second polarization region at the boundary, the upper, lower, left, and right sides of the remaining first polarization regions are second polarization regions, and the upper, lower, left, and right sides of the remaining second polarization regions are first polarization regions.
  • a center distance p between the first polarization region and the second polarization region is a distance between adjacent LED light emitting units, and a width d (or length) of the first polarization region and the second polarization region is less than or equal to the center distance p.
  • the position of the polarizer 300 is not limited in the present invention, as long as the light emitted by the LED array can pass through the polarizer 300 before entering the field of view of the viewer.
  • the structure of the LED display screen of the present invention is described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Different embodiments are designed based on different actual application environments, and the differences between them are not easily interchangeable.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the LED display screen in the first embodiment of the present invention; as shown in FIG. 7, in this embodiment, the polarizing plate 300 is disposed between the diffusion film 400 and the matrix shading frame 200, that is, the LED display
  • the screen includes an LED array 100, a matrix light-shielding frame 200, a polarizing plate 300, and a diffusion film 400 arranged in this order.
  • the LED light emitting units 110 on the LED array 100 are disposed in the hollow grid 210 of the matrix shading frame 200.
  • the LED light emitting units 110 and the driver in the LED array 100 The circuit 120 and the driving chip 130 are disposed on different sides of the substrate.
  • the polarizing plate 300 may be any of the polarizing plates shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the diffusion film 400 is a surface scattering film, and a side of the diffusion film 400 near the polarizing plate 300 is a scattering surface.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of polarization maintaining degree of diffusion films with different structures. The specific test method is that the light of a single polarization state passes through the diffusion film, and then enters the analyzer, and the analyzer is rotated to measure the maximum brightness and the minimum brightness of the outgoing beam. The ratio of the maximum brightness and the minimum brightness is defined as the polarization maintaining degree. As shown in FIG.
  • the polarizer when the scattering surface of the diffusion film faces (the side of the diffusion film close to the polarizer is a scattering surface) the polarizer is disposed, its polarization maintaining degree is significantly higher than that of the scattering surface facing away (the diffusion film is far from the polarization).
  • One side of the sheet is a scattering surface
  • a diffusion film provided with a polarizer Especially in the small viewing area, the technical solution of the scattering surface of the diffusion film facing the polarizer is obviously superior to the other technical solution.
  • the diffusion film 400 can also protect the polarizing plate 300 from being scratched.
  • the matrix light-shielding frame 200 and the diffusion film 400 are not Direct contact can prevent the shadow of the matrix light-shielding frame 200 that affects the pixel filling rate from being generated in the diffusion film 400.
  • the first polarization region and the second polarization region can form a whole, and are easily carried and positioned by the matrix shading frame 200.
  • This embodiment achieves multiple beneficial effects with the least and simplest structure.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an LED display screen in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; as shown in FIG. 9, this embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that the polarizing plate 300 is disposed outside the diffusion film 400 (away from One side of the LED array 100), that is, the diffusion film 400 is disposed between the polarizer 300 and the matrix light-shielding frame 200.
  • the polarizing plate 300 may be any of the polarizing plates shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the polarizing plate in this embodiment can also increase the degree of polarization of outgoing light.
  • this embodiment is characterized in that the light is unpolarized before it enters the polarizing plate 300 (the diffusion film 400 does not change the polarization state of the light emitted by the LED), so that the polarizing plate emitted by the polarizing plate 300 is not Will be affected by the scattering of the diffusion film (the scattering will reduce the degree of polarization). Therefore, this embodiment has a better polarization degree of the outgoing light.
  • the polarizer is disposed on a surface of a transparent substrate near the LED array 100 (not shown in the figure).
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an LED display screen in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; as shown in FIG. 10, this embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that the polarizing plate 300 is disposed on the LED array 100 and the matrix shading frame. Between 200.
  • the polarizing plate 300 may be any of the polarizing plates shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the LED array 100 further includes a photomask 140 provided on the substrate, and the photomask 140 is provided with the same number of openings as the LED light emitting units 110. Holes, each LED light emitting unit 110 is located in the center of an opening, and the height of the mask is greater than or equal to the height of the LED light emitting unit 110, so that the light emitted by the LED light emitting unit 110 does not pass through the polarizer Interfere with each other.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an LED display screen in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • this embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that the polarizer 300 ′ is disposed on the matrix light-shielding frame 200. Inside the hollow grid 210, the light emitted by the LED light emitting unit 110 is incident on the diffusion film 400 after passing through the polarizing plate 300 '.
  • the polarizers may be arranged in an arrangement manner of any of the polarizers shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, but the polarizer units in each hollow grid are disposed separately from each other.
  • the polarizing plate 300 ' is attached to the diffusion film 400, that is, regional polarizing films can be provided on the diffusion film 400 separately from each other, and then buckled on the matrix light-shielding frame.
  • a quarter-wave plate can be provided between the polarizer and the LED array based on the structure shown in the drawings. The specific effects have been stated in the above content, and will not be repeated here.
  • a matrix light-shielding frame corresponding to the LED array is provided on the light path through which the light emitted by the LED array passes, so that the light emitted by the LED array is restricted to the pixel unit, and the light interference of adjacent LED light-emitting units is avoided;
  • the diffusion film increases the pixel filling rate of the LED display screen and eliminates the grainy feeling when viewing. By setting a quarter wave plate, the LED display screen's ability to resist ambient light is enhanced.
  • the present invention also provides multiple This kind of polarizer setting method meets the needs of users watching 3D effects in various scenarios.

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Abstract

一种LED显示屏，包括：LED阵列（100），包括多个LED发光单元（110），多个LED发光单元（110）设置在基板上；扩散膜（400），设置在LED阵列（100）的出光侧；矩阵遮光架（200），设置在LED阵列（100）与扩散膜（400）之间，包括镂空栅格阵列，镂空栅格阵列包括多个镂空栅格（210），镂空栅格（210）与LED发光单元（110）一一对应，且镂空栅格（210）在基板上的投影包围其对应的LED发光单元（110）；以及偏振片（300），设置在LED阵列（100）发出的光线所经过的光路上，包括交替排列的第一偏振区（310）和第二偏振区（320），LED阵列（100）发出的光线经过第一偏振区（310）形成第一偏振光，经过第二偏振区（320）形成第二偏振光。通过在LED阵列（100）发出的光线所经过的光路上设置与LED阵列（100）对应的矩阵遮光架（200），使得LED阵列（100）发出的光被限制在像素单元内，避免了相邻LED发光单元（110）光线相互干扰。

Description

LED显示屏 技术领域
本发明涉及一种LED显示屏，属于LED显示技术领域。
背景技术
人眼观看实际物体时产生立体感或者说3D视觉，是因为左右眼观看物体的角度略有不同，大脑从而合成出立体影像。在观看二维屏幕时，为了使观众同样产生三维视觉，视频在录制时模仿人眼从两个角度拍摄，再分别播放给左右眼观看。为了使左右眼接收到的影像内容互不影响，常见的方法是运用偏振光学，由观看者佩戴偏光眼镜，左右镜片有不同的偏振方向，而影像源上亦按照这两个偏振方向放映两个视角的影像。两个偏振态通常选择互相垂直的线偏振态或者左旋和右旋圆偏振态。由于偏振片会阻挡入射光线至少的一半光，所以对光源的亮度提出了更高的要求。
LED灯珠具有发光亮度高的特点，其点阵组成的大屏幕可以显示很高的亮度(轻松高于1000Nit)，在经过偏振片滤光后依然拥有足够的亮度，非常适合用于3D显示。LED显示还有其他优点，例如每个LED灯珠响应很快，还可以被单独控制亮灭，在显示黑场时可以完全关闭从而拥有很高的对比度。LED灯珠光谱窄，使得显示系统具有宽广的色域。由于LED阵列显示的这些优点，再加上相关元件的成本不断降低、技术不断成熟，一些厂商相继推出了LED阵列显示屏用于呈现高质量影像，例如三星的Cinema LED Screen和索尼的Crystal显示屏。LED大屏幕显示已经逐渐进入高质量视频放映领域，随着技术的不断成熟和内容提供商制作相关3D片源，LED 3D显示会带来全新的视觉体验。
但是目前LED大尺寸显示还存在一些问题，由于LED灯珠的发光强度很高，集合而成的显示屏每一像素上的光线过于集中于像素中 心的LED灯珠上，观看时颗粒感明显，影响了每一帧影像的显示连续性，同时不利于观看者的视觉健康，能量集中在视网膜上的小区域，容易造成视觉疲劳。索尼和三星的产品，为了提升屏幕的对比度，采用Mini LED或者Micro LED，使得发光面积很小，且依然存在观看颗粒感，而且成本高，工艺良率低，不适于大规模推广。
此外，具体到LED阵列显示屏实现偏振3D显示，通过将两种偏振片交替覆盖在LED灯珠上，由于左右眼在观看相同内容的不同视角影像，LED灯珠的数量需要翻倍才能保持二维显示的分辨率。在整体尺寸不变的情况下，LED灯珠的密度加倍，偏振片的尺寸也要相应的缩小一半。由于LED灯珠近似为朗伯光源，在观察方向有180°的发散光线，当偏振片距离LED灯珠一定距离时，在LED灯珠和偏振片密排的情况下，灯珠的光线很容易照射到相邻灯珠对应的偏振片上，使得同一偏振片接收了不同影像内容的相邻光线，影响了最终3D显示效果。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种LED显示屏，避免了相邻LED发光单元光线相互干扰，增大了LED显示屏的像素填充率，消除了观看时的颗粒感，使得LED显示屏的抗环境光能力增强。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种LED显示屏，所述LED显示屏包括：LED阵列，包括多个LED发光单元，多个所述LED发光单元设置在基板上；扩散膜，设置在所述LED阵列的出光侧；矩阵遮光架，设置在所述LED阵列与所述扩散膜之间，包括镂空栅格阵列，所述镂空栅格阵列包括多个镂空栅格，所述镂空栅格与所述LED发光单元一一对应，且所述镂空栅格在所述基板上的投影包围其对应的LED发光单元；以及偏振片，设置在所述LED阵列发出的光线所经过的光路上，包括交替排列的第一偏振区和第二偏振区，所述LED阵列发出的光线经过第一偏振区形成第一偏振光，经过第二偏振区形成第二偏振光。
优选地，所述偏振片设置在所述扩散膜和所述矩阵遮光架之间。
为了获得优良的保偏性能，所述扩散膜为表面散射膜，所述扩散膜靠近所述偏振片的一面为散射表面。
优选地，所述偏振片设置在所述扩散膜远离LED阵列的一侧。
为了保护偏振片，防止其磨损，所述偏振片设置在一透明基板的靠近LED阵列的表面上。
优选地，所述偏振片设置在LED阵列与矩阵遮光架之间，所述LED阵列还包括设置在基板上的光罩，所述光罩上设有与LED发光单元对应设置的开孔，每一个LED发光单元分别位于一个开孔的中心。
优选地，所述偏振片设置在所述矩阵遮光架的镂空栅格内。
为了方便成型，所述镂空栅格的侧壁厚度沿远离LED阵列方向逐渐减小。
优选地，所述偏振片为线偏振片，所述第一偏振光和第二偏振光的偏振方向互相垂直；或者，所述偏振片为圆偏振片，所述第一偏振光和第二偏振光分别为左旋偏振光和右旋偏振光。
优选地，所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区沿横向或纵向交替排列，所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区为条形；或者，所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区沿横向和纵向分别交替排列，所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区为正方形。
为了防止环境光影响LED显示屏的显示效果，所述偏振片与LED阵列之间还设有四分之一波片，或者，所述偏振片朝向LED阵列的一面设有四分之一波片镀层。
综上所述，本发明通过在LED阵列发出的光线所经过的光路上设置与LED阵列对应的矩阵遮光架，使得LED阵列发出的光被限制在像素单元内，避免了相邻LED发光单元光线相互干扰,防止一个偏振图像的光漏到相邻的偏振图像中，提高了3D显示清晰度；通过设置扩散膜，增大了LED显示屏的像素填充率，消除了观看时的颗粒感；通过设置四分之一波片，使得LED显示屏的抗环境光能力增强；另外，本发明还提供了多种偏振片的设置方式，满足了多种场景下用户观看3D影响的需求。
下面结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行详细地说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明LED显示屏的结构示意图；
图2为LED发光单元出射光线示意图；
图3为设置扩散膜的LED发光单元出射光线示意图；
图4为本发明一种偏振片的结构示意图；
图5为本发明另一种偏振片的结构示意图；
图6为本发明再一种偏振片的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例一中LED显示屏的剖视图；
图8为不同结构扩散膜的保偏度示意图；
图9为本发明实施例二中LED显示屏的剖视图；
图10为本发明实施例三中LED显示屏的剖视图；
图11为本发明实施例四中LED显示屏的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图以及实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式，需要说明的是，只要不构成冲突，本发明中的各个实施例以及各实施例中的各个特征可以相互结合，所形成的技术方案均在本发明的保护范围之内。
图1为本发明LED显示屏的结构示意图。如图1所示，本发明提供一种LED显示屏，所述LED显示屏包括：LED阵列100、扩散膜400、矩阵遮光架200以及偏振片300。
所述LED阵列100包括多个LED发光单元110，多个所述LED发光单元110设置在基板上，所述LED阵列100还包括设置在基板上的驱动电路、驱动芯片。所述基板可以为PCB(Printed Circuit Board，印制电路板)电路板，所述LED发光单元110优选为红绿蓝三色LED封装在一起的LED芯片，每一个LED发光单元110代表一个像素，多个所述LED发光单元110优选以矩形阵列排布在所述PCB电路板上。 为了减少对环境光的反射，所述基板在设置LED发光单元110的一侧涂覆黑色吸光层。其中LED阵列100的LED发光单元110亮暗可以通过PWM(脉冲宽度调制)方式驱动，可以在丰富的灰阶下显示彩色。3D视频片源分两路提供给驱动芯片，驱动芯片分别控制不同偏振方向的LED发光单元110显示对应的内容，佩戴相应3D眼镜的观众即可感受到3D立体影像。
所述矩阵遮光架200设置在所述LED阵列100与所述扩散膜400之间，用于遮挡相邻LED发光单元110的串扰光线。所述矩阵遮光架200包括镂空栅格阵列，所述镂空栅格阵列包括多个镂空栅格210，所述镂空栅格210与所述LED发光单元110一一对应，且所述镂空栅格210在所述基板上的投影包围其对应的LED发光单元110；所述镂空栅格210的数量与LED发光单元110的数量相同，每一个所述LED发光单元110与所述镂空栅格210的中心对应设置，所述矩阵遮光架200的侧壁具有反射和散射的光学作用，例如矩阵遮光架200的侧壁上涂覆高斯散射角度为15°的高反射率漆，从而使得每个LED发光单元110发出的光线被限制在镂空栅格210内传播。其中，侧壁的反射性能可以通过使平行光垂直入射于侧壁然后测量反射光而得到，在漫反射的情况下，反射光形成光锥形分布，反射光的发光强度不小于中心强度50％的光锥的光锥角即为上述“散射角度”。
矩阵遮光架的作用是对LED发光单元的光进行遮挡，可以理解，在一些实施方式中，矩阵遮光架的侧壁也设置光吸收材料，而非反射/散射材料，通过对光的吸收，避免相邻单元的光串扰。
为了方便成型，所述镂空栅格210的侧壁厚度沿远离LED阵列100方向逐渐减小，该技术方案也可以实现扩大像素填充率的效果。优选地，所述镂空栅格210的侧壁截面为梯形。所述矩阵遮光架200可以由金属模具注塑而成。
所述扩散膜400设置在所述LED阵列100的出光侧，用于透射并扩散LED阵列100发出的光线，其可以为表面散射膜或体散射膜，优选为表面散射膜，且其散射表面朝向LED阵列100设置，从而获得优良的保偏性能。所述扩散膜400的材质包括磨砂PC塑料、磨砂PMMA、 磨砂PET、磨砂PVC、磨砂PP、磨砂PS、磨砂环氧树脂、磨砂玻璃或液晶聚合物与光敏树脂的混合物。
图2为LED发光单元出射光线示意图，图3为设置扩散膜的LED发光单元出射光线示意图。如图2和图3所示，LED阵列100发出的光线经过矩阵遮光架(图中未示出)照射在扩散膜400上，扩散膜400上形成的一个个像素点与LED阵列100中的LED发光单元110一一对应，假设定义发光面积与像素总面积的比值为像素填充率，LED发光单元110发出的光线照射在扩散膜400上形成大于LED发光单元110的发光面的光斑，从而使扩散膜400上的像素点阵拥有比LED发光单元110像素点阵更高的像素填充率。换句话说，当不设置扩散膜400时，分离的LED发光单元阵列成像到人眼视网膜上形成图像，观看者观看LED阵列100组成的屏幕，看到的是多个LED发光单元110；而设置扩散膜400之后，扩散膜400对LED发光单元110发出的光重新改变了光分布，扩散膜400相当于一个新的“被动式光源”，扩散膜400成像到人眼视网膜上形成图像，其像素填充率相对原LED发光单元阵列明显增大。另外，光线经过扩散膜400之后传播角度扩大，使得拥有扩散膜400的LED显示屏有更大的可视角。
为实现3D效果，设置了偏振片300。偏振片300优选为吸收型偏振片，包括交替排列的第一偏振区310和第二偏振区320，第一偏振区310与第二偏振区320为相互正交的偏振片。偏振片300设置在LED阵列100发出的光线所经过的光路上，LED阵列100发出的光为非偏振光，其经过第一偏振区310形成第一偏振光，经过第二偏振区形成第二偏振光。偏振片300可以为多种类型，例如，当偏振片为线偏振片时，第一偏振光和第二偏振光的偏振方向互相垂直；当偏振片为圆偏振片时，第一偏振光和第二偏振光分别为左旋偏振光和右旋偏振光。
为了防止环境光影响LED显示屏的显示效果，在本发明中，所述偏振片300与LED阵列100之间还设有四分之一波片，或者，所述偏振片300朝向LED阵列100的一面设有四分之一波片镀层。当环境光经偏振片300入射时，一半环境光被偏振片吸收，另一半成为单一偏振态的光，单一偏振态的光中一部分被LED阵列100的上的黑色吸光 层吸收，一部分经反射后，反射回偏振片300，其间两次经过四分之一波片或者四分之一波片镀层，相对应偏振片300的相位变化90°(或者说270°)，从而使得几乎全部环境光被吸收，而LED阵列100发出的光本身不是偏振光，经过1次四分之一波片或者四分之一波片镀层后，仍然不是偏振光，理论上再经过偏振片300也仍具有50％的透过率(实际为46％左右)，即四分之一波片或者四分之一波片镀层的增设在不影响LED阵列100发出光线的情况下使LED显示屏具有抗环境光的效果。在设置四分之一波片的情况下，无论有没有PCB板上的黑色吸光层，都可以实现良好的抗环境光效果。尤其地，在本发明的一个实施方式中，选择中心波长为绿光波长的四分之一波片，能够实现更好的抗环境光效果，一方面由于绿光的视觉刺激效应更强，另一方面绿光处于红光和蓝光的波长之间，波长偏移量小。
本发明并不限制第一偏振区和第二偏振区交替排列的具体方式，图4为本发明一种偏振片的结构示意图；图5为本发明另一种偏振片的结构示意图；图6为本发明再一种偏振片的结构示意图。在图4至图6中，定义上下方向为纵向方向，左右方向为横向方向。
如图4所示，所述偏振片中的第一偏振区和第二偏振区可以沿横向交替排列，即所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区均为条形偏振片，除了位于左右边界处的第一偏振区和第二偏振区外，其余第一偏振区的左右两边均为第二偏振区，其余第二偏振区的左右两边均为第一偏振区，其中，相邻第一偏振区和第二偏振区之间的中心间距p为相邻LED发光单元的间距，第一偏振区和第二偏振区的宽度d小于等于所述中心间距p。
如图5所示，所述偏振片中的第一偏振区和第二偏振区可以沿纵向交替排列，即所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区均为条形偏振片，除了位于上下边界处的第一偏振区和第二偏振区外，其余第一偏振区的上下两边均为第二偏振区，其余第二偏振区的上下两边均为第一偏振区，其中，相邻第一偏振区和第二偏振区之间的中心间距p为相邻LED发光单元的间距，第一偏振区和第二偏振区的宽度d小于等于所述中心间距p。
如图6所示，所述偏振片中的第一偏振区和第二偏振区沿横向和纵向分别交替排列，即所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区均为正方形偏振片，除了位于四周边界处的第一偏振区和第二偏振区外，其余第一偏振区的上下左右侧均为第二偏振区，其余第二偏振区的上下左右侧均为第一偏振区，其中，相邻第一偏振区和第二偏振区之间的中心间距p为相邻LED发光单元的间距，第一偏振区和第二偏振区的宽度d(或长度)小于等于所述中心间距p。
本发明中并不限制偏振片300的设置位置，只要保证LED阵列发出的光线在进入观看者视野前经过偏振片300便可。下面结合具体实施例对本发明的LED显示屏的结构进行介绍，不同的实施例分别基于不同的实际应用环境设计，互相之间的不同点并非可以轻易互换。
实施例一
图7为本发明实施例一中LED显示屏的剖视图；如图7所示，在本实施例中，所述偏振片300设置在扩散膜400和矩阵遮光架200之间，即所述LED显示屏包括依次设置的LED阵列100、矩阵遮光架200、偏振片300以及扩散膜400。所述LED阵列100上的LED发光单元110设置在矩阵遮光架200的镂空栅格210内，为了保证LED显示屏具有较高的屏占比，所述LED阵列100中的LED发光单元110与驱动电路120及驱动芯片130设置在所述基板的不同侧。所述偏振片300可以为图4至图6中所示的偏振片中的任一种。
为了提高出射光的偏振度和偏振效果，在本实施例中，所述扩散膜400为表面散射膜，所述扩散膜400靠近所述偏振片300的一面为散射表面。图8为不同结构扩散膜的保偏度示意图。具体测试方法为，使单一偏振态的光经过扩散膜，然后入射到检偏器，旋转检偏器，测量出射光束的最大亮度与最小亮度，最大亮度和最小亮度的比值定义为保偏度。如图8所示，当扩散膜的散射表面面向(扩散膜靠近所述偏振片的一面为散射表面)偏振片设置时，其保偏度明显高于散射表面背向(扩散膜远离所述偏振片的一面为散射表面)偏振片设置的扩散膜。尤其是小视角区域，扩散膜的散射表面面向偏振片的技术方案明显优于另一技术方案。
在本实施例中，由于偏振片300设置在扩散膜400和矩阵遮光架200之间，扩散膜400还能够保护偏振片300防止其被划伤，同时，由于矩阵遮光架200与扩散膜400没有直接接触，能够避免在扩散膜400产生影响像素填充率的矩阵遮光架200的阴影。另外，本实施例中，第一偏振区和第二偏振区能够组成一个整体，容易被矩阵遮光架200承载定位。
本实施例用最少、最简单的结构实现了多重有益效果。
实施例二
图9为本发明实施例二中LED显示屏的剖视图；如图9所示，本实施例与实施例一相比，其不同之处在于所述偏振片300设置在扩散膜400的外侧(远离LED阵列100的一侧)，即所述扩散膜400设置在所述偏振片300和矩阵遮光架200之间。所述偏振片300可以为图4至图6中所示的偏振片中的任一种。本实施例中的偏振片同样可以提高出射光的偏振度。相对于实施例一，本实施例的特点在于，光在入射到偏振片300之前为非偏振光(扩散膜400不会改变LED出射光的偏振态)，从而使得偏振片300出射的偏振片不会受到扩散膜的散射影响(散射作用会降低偏振度)。因此，本实施方式具有更优的出射光偏振度。
优选地，为了保护偏振片，防止其磨损，所述偏振片设置在一透明基板的靠近LED阵列100的表面上(图中未示出)。
本实施例的其他结构与实施例一相同，在此不再赘述。
实施例三
图10为本发明实施例三中LED显示屏的剖视图；如图10所示，本实施例与实施例一相比，其不同之处在于所述偏振片300设置在LED阵列100与矩阵遮光架200之间。所述偏振片300可以为图4至图6中所示的偏振片中的任一种。
为了排除LED阵列100相邻LED发光单元110之间的光线串扰，所述LED阵列100还包括设置在基板上的光罩140，所述光罩140上设有与LED发光单元110数量相同的开孔，每一个LED发光单元110分别位于一个开孔的中心，且所述光罩的高度大于等于LED发光单元 110的高度，从而使得LED发光单元110发出的光线在经过所述偏振片前不会相互干扰。
本实施例的其他结构与实施例一相同，在此不再赘述。
实施例四
图11为本发明实施例四中LED显示屏的剖视图；如图11所示，本实施例与实施例一相比，其不同之处在于所述偏振片300’设置在所述矩阵遮光架200的镂空栅格210内，使得所述LED发光单元110发出的光线经所述偏振片300’后射在扩散膜400上。所述偏振片可以按照图4至图7中所示的偏振片中的任一种的排列方式进行排布，但是各个镂空栅格内的偏振片单元相互之间彼此分离设置。
优选地，为了方便生产加工，所述偏振片300’与所述扩散膜400贴合设置，即可以在扩散膜400上设置彼此分离的区域性偏振膜片，然后倒扣在矩阵遮光架上。
本实施例的其他结构与实施例一相同，在此不再赘述。
以上各实施例中，都可以在如附图所示的结构基础上，在偏振片与LED阵列之间设置四分之一波片，具体效果已经在上述内容中陈述，此处不再赘述。
本发明通过在LED阵列发出的光线所经过的光路上设置与LED阵列对应的矩阵遮光架，使得LED阵列发出的光被限制在像素单元内，避免了相邻LED发光单元光线相互干扰；通过设置扩散膜，增大了LED显示屏的像素填充率，消除了观看时的颗粒感；通过设置四分之一波片，使得LED显示屏的抗环境光能力增强；另外，本发明还提供了多种偏振片的设置方式，满足了多种场景下用户观看3D影响的需求。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述LED显示屏包括：
    LED阵列，包括多个LED发光单元，多个所述LED发光单元设置在基板上；
    扩散膜，设置在所述LED阵列的出光侧；
    矩阵遮光架，设置在所述LED阵列与所述扩散膜之间，包括镂空栅格阵列，所述镂空栅格阵列包括多个镂空栅格，所述镂空栅格与所述LED发光单元一一对应，且所述镂空栅格在所述基板上的投影包围其对应的LED发光单元；以及
    偏振片，设置在所述LED阵列发出的光线所经过的光路上，包括交替排列的第一偏振区和第二偏振区，所述LED阵列发出的光线经过第一偏振区形成第一偏振光，经过第二偏振区形成第二偏振光。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述偏振片设置在所述扩散膜和所述矩阵遮光架之间。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述扩散膜为表面散射膜，所述扩散膜靠近所述偏振片的一面为散射表面。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述偏振片设置在所述扩散膜远离LED阵列的一侧。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述偏振片设置在一透明基板的靠近LED阵列的表面上。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述偏振片设置在LED阵列与矩阵遮光架之间，所述LED阵列还包括设置在基板上的光罩，所述光罩上设有与LED发光单元对应设置的开孔，每一个LED发光单元分别位于一个开孔的中心。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述偏振片设置在所述矩阵遮光架的镂空栅格内。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述镂空栅格的侧壁厚度沿远离LED阵列方向逐渐减小。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述偏振片为线偏振片，所述第一偏振光和第二偏振光的偏振方向互相垂直；或者，所述偏振片为圆偏振片，所述第一偏振光和第二偏振光分别为左旋偏振光和右旋偏振光。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区沿横向或纵向交替排列，所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区为条形；或者，所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区沿横向和纵向分别交替排列，所述第一偏振区和第二偏振区为正方形。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述偏振片与LED阵列之间还设有四分之一波片，或者，所述偏振片朝向LED阵列的一面设有四分之一波片镀层。
PCT/CN2019/107996 2018-09-28 2019-09-26 Led显示屏 Ceased WO2020063704A1 (zh)

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