WO2020058340A1 - Signal interference device and a method for operating a signal interference device for protecting unmanned aerial vehicles (uav), in particular drones - Google Patents

Signal interference device and a method for operating a signal interference device for protecting unmanned aerial vehicles (uav), in particular drones Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020058340A1
WO2020058340A1 PCT/EP2019/075014 EP2019075014W WO2020058340A1 WO 2020058340 A1 WO2020058340 A1 WO 2020058340A1 EP 2019075014 W EP2019075014 W EP 2019075014W WO 2020058340 A1 WO2020058340 A1 WO 2020058340A1
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Prior art keywords
signal
interference
received
interference device
transmitter
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PCT/EP2019/075014
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Staffan Seth
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall Air Defence Ag
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Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall Air Defence Ag filed Critical Rheinmetall Air Defence Ag
Priority to EP19773036.9A priority Critical patent/EP3854013A1/en
Publication of WO2020058340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020058340A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
    • H04K3/43—Jamming having variable characteristics characterized by the control of the jamming power, signal-to-noise ratio or geographic coverage area
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
    • H04K3/45—Jamming having variable characteristics characterized by including monitoring of the target or target signal, e.g. in reactive jammers or follower jammers for example by means of an alternation of jamming phases and monitoring phases, called "look-through mode"
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
    • H04K3/46—Jamming having variable characteristics characterized in that the jamming signal is produced by retransmitting a received signal, after delay or processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/80—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function
    • H04K3/92—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function related to allowing or preventing remote control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K2203/00—Jamming of communication; Countermeasures
    • H04K2203/10—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application
    • H04K2203/22—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application for communication related to vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
    • H04K3/42—Jamming having variable characteristics characterized by the control of the jamming frequency or wavelength

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a signal interference device for defense against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular drones, and a method for operating a signal interference device with the features of the preambles of the independent claims.
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicles
  • a signal interference device in which an interference signal in the frequency band between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz is emitted around a certain area.
  • This interference signal is intended to force the drone to switch to safety mode and thus force the drone to return to the landing site and thus to land.
  • the signal transmission of the interference signal is always active.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the generic signal interference device and the method for operating a signal interference device for protecting against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular drones.
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicles
  • the signal interference device comprises a receiver, by means of the receiver a signal for controlling an unmanned aircraft can be received, the signal being usable as a disturbance signal by means of signal amplification, the disturbance signal being only transmissible if a signal is also being received, the received signal being able to be amplified by means of the signal amplification in such a way that its noise component increases is to be used as an interference signal .
  • a solution to the problem according to the invention is provided if a signal is sent by means of a receiver Control of an unmanned aerial vehicle is received and used as an interference signal by means of signal amplification, the interference signal only being transmitted if a signal is also received, the received signal being able to be amplified by means of the signal amplification in such a way that its noise component is increased in order to be used as an interference signal (6 *) to be usable.
  • the receiver is designed as a receiving antenna and / or the transmitter as a transmitting antenna.
  • At least one receiving antenna which is designed to receive signals from the radio remote control of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • a signal for controlling the aircraft is received by means of the receiving antenna, which signal is used as an interference signal by means of signal amplification, only the interference signal being transmitted when a signal is also received. If no signal is received, no interference signal is sent either.
  • the signal jamming device thus works semi-actively. An unnecessary, permanent emission of interference signals can thereby be avoided.
  • the signal interference device preferably amplifies a signal automatically on receipt and sends it out as an interference signal. As soon as the signal is no longer received, no interference signal is automatically sent.
  • the signal amplification is formed by means of a series connection of at least one positive signal amplifier and at least one negative signal amplifier, the series connection being able to be traversed by the received signal in order to form the interference signal.
  • the at least one positive signal amplifier amplifies the signal, the at least one negative signal amplifier dampens the signal.
  • An object to be protected is monitored laterally in particular by means of the receiving antenna.
  • the receiving antenna monitors in particular an angle between the horizon and a certain elevation angle close to the ground.
  • the elevation angle is preferably less than 45 °, in particular less than 30 °. If a corresponding transmission signal is now received with the receiving antenna, the received signal is transmitted in a modified form with an increased noise component again preferably under the same frequency via a transmitting antenna.
  • the interference signal is preferably formed by maximizing the noise.
  • the received signal can preferably be amplified by the signal amplification in such a way that its noise component is increased in order to be usable as an interference signal.
  • the received signal is preferably amplified and / or attenuated at least once, the noise component being increased in order to form the interference signal.
  • the signal amplification is preferably carried out by means of an analog signal amplifier, in particular by means of an analog amplifier circuit. There is therefore no analog / digital conversion. Since no sampling of the signal is required, there is also no delay in the transmission of the interference signal.
  • the system is very cost-effective because high-quality A / D and D / A converters can be dispensed with.
  • the interference signal preferably has the same frequency as the received signal.
  • the process step of amplifying and damping is carried out in succession until the noise component in the signal is sufficiently increased. This signal thus formed is then emitted via a transmission antenna.
  • the interference signal has short transmission interruptions. These interruptions can advantageously take place at periodic intervals. These interruptions prevent feedback with the received signal.
  • the interference signal is preferably sent as a pulse width modulated signal.
  • the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna preferably operate in a band that is used for remote control of unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular in the 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz band. It is conceivable that the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna receive and transmit signals only in the 2.4 GHz and / or in the 5.8 GHz band. In particular, it is advantageous to use two receiving and two transmitting antennas, which each cover different frequency bands, for example the frequency bands 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz.
  • the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are preferably formed by two separate antennas.
  • the receiving antenna and / or the transmitting antenna cover in particular the complete or almost complete hemisphere around the object to be protected. If an unmanned aircraft now attacks the object to be protected, the distance to the interfering antenna from a certain distance between the aircraft and the radio remote control or the corresponding ground station is such that the aircraft is closer to the transmitting antenna and the interfering signal predominates and thus the aircraft in goes into security mode.
  • This system can work around the clock and is fully automated.
  • the system is stable against frequency hops and the use of redundant frequencies, since the frequency of the emitted interference signal always follows the frequency of the received transmission signal. An unlimited number of unmanned aerial vehicles can be disturbed with this arrangement at the same time.
  • the transmitting antenna depending on the direction of the Aircraft is aligned manually or automatically. This makes it possible to recognize aircraft and, for example, to align the transmitting antenna to the aircraft in order to be able to send a stronger interference signal to the aircraft.
  • Optical sensors can be used as sensors. The sensors can be coupled to the signal interference device or be part of the signal interference device. Accordingly, the direction of the unmanned aircraft can preferably be determined by means of sensors, the transmission antenna being able to be oriented as a function of the direction of the aircraft.
  • the arrangement does not require regular maintenance. Interference from other electronic components can be minimized by aligning the transmitting antenna accordingly. It is also very advantageous to position the receiving antenna on an elevated position. As a result, the lateral coverage area of the receiving antenna can be increased.
  • a drone protection shield can be formed for stationary objects or also for mobile units, the arrangement not requiring any input from a user other than switching on and off.
  • the broadcast signal Since the broadcast signal has a low power, it is easier to obtain a corresponding license.
  • the low power also enables the device or the interference antenna to be battery-operated.
  • the power can be less than one watt, for example.
  • Fig. 1 is an object to be protected, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), such as a drone, and a jammer arrangement.
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • a signal interference device 1 for defense against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular here from drones, can be clearly seen.
  • the signal jammer 1 is arranged on or in the vicinity of an object 2 to be protected. If an aircraft 3 now flies to the object 2, a signal 6 of a radio remote control of the aircraft is detected with an antenna arrangement.
  • An antenna lobe 4 of a receiving antenna (not shown in detail) is indicated schematically. The receiving antenna is particularly laterally aligned.
  • the received signal 6 is then provided with an increased noise component by means of the signal processing of the signal interfering device 1.
  • An interference signal 6 * is thus formed by amplifying and / or attenuating the signal 6 in an analog amplifier circuit one or more times.
  • the interference signal 6 * is now transmitted by means of a transmission antenna.
  • the antenna lobe 5 of the transmitting antenna is indicated schematically.
  • the antenna lobe 5 of the transmitting antenna preferably has a greater elevation to the horizon than the antenna lobe 4 of the receiving antenna, as a result of which a large coverage of the air space is achieved. If no signal 6 is received, no interference signal 6 * is also transmitted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a signal interference device (1) and a method for operating a signal interference device for protecting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular drones, comprising a transmitter (5), wherein an interference signal (6*) is transmitted by the transmitter (5). The signal interference device (1) and the method are improved in that a signal (6) for controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle (3) is received by means of a receiver (4) and is used as the interference signal (6*) using a signal amplification, said interference signal (6*) only being transmitted if a signal (6) is also received.

Description

„SIGNALSTÖRVORRICHTUNG UND EIN VERFAHREN ZUM BETRIEB EINER SIGNALSTÖRVORRICHTUNG ZUR ABWEHR VON UNBEMANNTEN LUFTFAHRZEUGEN (UAV), INSBESONDERE VON DROHNEN“ "SIGNAL INTERFERENCE DEVICE AND A METHOD FOR OPERATING A SIGNAL INTERFERENCE DEVICE FOR DEFENDING UNMANNED AIRCRAFT (UAV), ESPECIALLY DRONES"
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Signalstörvorrichtung zur Abwehr von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen (UAV), insbesondere von Drohnen und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Signal störvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen der Oberbegriffe der unabhängigen Patentansprüche. The invention relates to a signal interference device for defense against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular drones, and a method for operating a signal interference device with the features of the preambles of the independent claims.
Es ist bekannt, mittels Störsendern elektromagnetische Wellen auszusenden, die den Funkverkehr zwischen beispielsweise einer Drohne und einem Bediener stören. Bei Drohnen lässt sich mit solchen sogenannten Jammern sowohl die Videoübertragung unterbrechen als auch der Empfang von Steuerbefehlen. Wenn die Drohne keine Verbindung mehr zur Fernsteuerung herstellen kann, wird in der Drohne in der Regel ein Sicherheitsmodus aktiviert. Die Drohne versucht dann zum Startpunkt zurückzufliegen. Durch entsprechende Jammer können daher Drohnen zum Landen gezwungen werden. Ferner gibt es Drohnen, deren Motoren stoppen, sobald der Funkkontakt abreist. Andere Drohnen schweben auf der Stelle, bis ihr Akku leer ist. It is known to emit electromagnetic waves by means of jammers which disrupt the radio communication between, for example, a drone and an operator. With drones, so-called whining can be used to interrupt both video transmission and the receipt of control commands. If the drone can no longer connect to the remote control, a safety mode is usually activated in the drone. The drone then tries to fly back to the starting point. Appropriate misery can therefore force drones to land. There are also drones whose engines stop as soon as the radio contact leaves. Other drones hover on the spot until their battery is empty.
Aus der JP 2017 072 324 ist eine Signal störvorrichtung bekannt, bei der ein Störsignal im Frequenzband zwischen 2,4 und 2,5 GHz um ein bestimmtes Gebiet ausgesendet wird. Dieses Störsignal soll die Drohne dazu zwingen, in den Sicherheitsmodus umzuschalten und so die Drohne zum Rückflug zum Landeplatz und somit zur Landung zu zwingen. Die Signalübertragung des Störsignals ist immer aktiv. From JP 2017 072 324 a signal interference device is known in which an interference signal in the frequency band between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz is emitted around a certain area. This interference signal is intended to force the drone to switch to safety mode and thus force the drone to return to the landing site and thus to land. The signal transmission of the interference signal is always active.
Dies hat den Nachteil, dass das Störsignal auch aktiv ist, wenn keine Drohne nahe der zu schützenden Objekte oder des zu schützenden Gebiets vorhanden ist. This has the disadvantage that the interference signal is also active when there is no drone near the objects to be protected or the area to be protected.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die gattungsbildende Signalstörvorrichtung und das Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Signalstörvorrichtung zur Abwehr von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen (UAV), insbesondere von Drohnen zu verbessern. The invention is therefore based on the object of improving the generic signal interference device and the method for operating a signal interference device for protecting against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular drones.
Diese der Erfindung zugrunde hegende Aufgabe wird nun durch eine Signal störvorrichtung und einem Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Signalstörvorrichtung gemäß den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche 1 und 9 gelöst. This object on which the invention is based is now achieved by a signal interference device and a method for operating a signal interference device solved according to the features of independent claims 1 and 9.
Demnach hegt bei einer Signalstörvorrichtung zur Abwehr von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen (UAV), insbesondere von Drohnen, mit einem Sender, wobei mittels des Senders ein Störsignal sendbar ist, dann eine Lösung der erfindungsgemässen Aufgabe vor, wenn die Signalstörvorrichtung einen Empfänger umfasst, wobei mittels des Empfängers ein Signal zur Steuerung eines unbemannten Luftfahrzeugs empfangbar ist, wobei das Signal mittels einer Signalverstärkung als Störsignal nutzbar ist, wobei das Störsignal nur sendbar ist, wenn auch ein Signal empfangen wird, wobei das empfangene Signal mittels der Signalverstärkung derart verstärkbar ist, dass dessen Rauschanteil erhöht ist, um als Störsignal nutzbar zu sein.. Accordingly, in the case of a signal interference device for defense against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular drones, with a transmitter, wherein an interference signal can be transmitted by means of the transmitter, then a solution to the problem according to the invention is provided if the signal interference device comprises a receiver, by means of the receiver a signal for controlling an unmanned aircraft can be received, the signal being usable as a disturbance signal by means of signal amplification, the disturbance signal being only transmissible if a signal is also being received, the received signal being able to be amplified by means of the signal amplification in such a way that its noise component increases is to be used as an interference signal ..
Weiter hegt bei einem Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Signalstörvorrichtung zur Abwehr von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen (UAV), insbesondere von Drohnen, mit einem Sender, wobei mittels des Senders ein Störsignal gesendet wird, dann eine Lösung der erfindungsgemässen Aufgabe vor, wenn mittels eines Empfängers ein Signal zur Steuerung eines unbemannten Luftfahrzeugs empfangen und mittels einer Signalverstärkung als Störsignal genutzt wird, wobei das Störsignal nur gesendet wird, wenn auch ein Signal empfangen wird, wobei das empfangene Signal mittels der Signalverstärkung derart verstärkbar ist, dass dessen Rauschanteil erhöht ist, um als Störsignal (6*) nutzbar zu sein. Furthermore, in a method for operating a signal interference device for defense against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular drones, with a transmitter, wherein an interference signal is transmitted by means of the transmitter, then a solution to the problem according to the invention is provided if a signal is sent by means of a receiver Control of an unmanned aerial vehicle is received and used as an interference signal by means of signal amplification, the interference signal only being transmitted if a signal is also received, the received signal being able to be amplified by means of the signal amplification in such a way that its noise component is increased in order to be used as an interference signal (6 *) to be usable.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Empfänger als Empfangsantenne und/oder der Sender als Sendeantenne ausgeführt. In a preferred embodiment, the receiver is designed as a receiving antenna and / or the transmitter as a transmitting antenna.
Es ist mindestens eine Empfangsantenne vorhanden, die dazu ausgelegt ist, Signale der Funkfernsteuerung des unbemannten Luftfahrzeugs zu empfangen. Mittels der Empfangsantenne wird ein Signal zur Steuerung des Luftfahrzeugs empfangen, welches mittels einer Signalverstärkung als ein Störsignal genutzt wird, wobei nur das Störsignal gesendet wird, wenn auch ein Signal empfangen wird. Wenn kein Signal empfangen wird, wird auch kein Störsignal gesendet. Die Signal störvorrichtung arbeitet somit semiaktiv. Dadurch kann ein unnötiges dauerhaftes Aussenden von Störsignalen vermieden werden. Bevorzugt verstärkt die Signalstörvorrichtung automatisch bei Empfang ein Signal und sendet es als Störsignal aus. Sobald das Signal nicht mehr empfangen wird, wird automatisch auch kein Störsignal gesendet. Die Signalverstärkung ist in einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform mittels einer Reihenschaltung aus mindestens einem positiven Signalverstärker und mindestens einem negativen Signalverstärker gebildet, wobei die Reihenschaltung von dem empfangenen Signal durchlaufbar ist um das Störsignal zu bilden. Der zumindest eine positive Signalverstärker verstärkt das Signal, der zumindest eine negative Signalverstärker dämpft das Signal. There is at least one receiving antenna which is designed to receive signals from the radio remote control of the unmanned aerial vehicle. A signal for controlling the aircraft is received by means of the receiving antenna, which signal is used as an interference signal by means of signal amplification, only the interference signal being transmitted when a signal is also received. If no signal is received, no interference signal is sent either. The signal jamming device thus works semi-actively. An unnecessary, permanent emission of interference signals can thereby be avoided. The signal interference device preferably amplifies a signal automatically on receipt and sends it out as an interference signal. As soon as the signal is no longer received, no interference signal is automatically sent. In an advantageous embodiment, the signal amplification is formed by means of a series connection of at least one positive signal amplifier and at least one negative signal amplifier, the series connection being able to be traversed by the received signal in order to form the interference signal. The at least one positive signal amplifier amplifies the signal, the at least one negative signal amplifier dampens the signal.
Mittels der Empfangsantenne wird insbesondere seitlich ein zu schützendes Objekt überwacht. Die Empfangsantenne überwacht insbesondere einen Winkel zwischen dem Horizont und einem bestimmten bodennahen Elevationswinkel. Der Elevationswinkel ist bevorzugt kleiner 45°, insbesondere kleiner 30°. Wenn nun mit der Empfangsantenne ein entsprechendes Sendesignal empfangen wird, so wird das empfangene Signal in geänderter Form mit einem erhöhten Rauschanteil wieder vorzugsweise unter der gleichen Frequenz über eine Sendeantenne ausgesendet. An object to be protected is monitored laterally in particular by means of the receiving antenna. The receiving antenna monitors in particular an angle between the horizon and a certain elevation angle close to the ground. The elevation angle is preferably less than 45 °, in particular less than 30 °. If a corresponding transmission signal is now received with the receiving antenna, the received signal is transmitted in a modified form with an increased noise component again preferably under the same frequency via a transmitting antenna.
Demzufolge wird das Störsignal vorzugsweise dadurch gebildet, dass das Rauschen maximiert wird. Dabei ist vorzugsweise das empfangene Signal von der Signalverstärkung derart verstärkbar, dass dessen Rauschanteil erhöht ist, um als Störsignal nutzbar zu sein. As a result, the interference signal is preferably formed by maximizing the noise. The received signal can preferably be amplified by the signal amplification in such a way that its noise component is increased in order to be usable as an interference signal.
Vorzugsweise wird das empfangene Signal mindestens einmal verstärkt und/oder mindestens einmal gedämpft, wobei der Rauschanteil erhöht wird, um das Störsignal zu bilden. The received signal is preferably amplified and / or attenuated at least once, the noise component being increased in order to form the interference signal.
Vorzugsweise ist die Signalverstärkung mittels eines analogen Signalverstärkers, insbesondere mittels einer analogen Verstärker Schaltung ausgeführt. Es findet somit keine Analog/Digitalumwandlung statt. Da keine Abtastung des Signals erforderlich ist, ergibt sich auch keine Verzögerung bei der Aussendung des Störsignals. Das System ist sehr kostengünstig, da auf hochwertige A/D und D/A-Wandler verzichtet werden kann. The signal amplification is preferably carried out by means of an analog signal amplifier, in particular by means of an analog amplifier circuit. There is therefore no analog / digital conversion. Since no sampling of the signal is required, there is also no delay in the transmission of the interference signal. The system is very cost-effective because high-quality A / D and D / A converters can be dispensed with.
Weiter weist das Störsignal bevorzugt die gleiche Frequenz wie das empfangene Signal auf. Furthermore, the interference signal preferably has the same frequency as the received signal.
Vorzugsweise tritt im Endeffekt keine Änderung in der Signalamplitude auf, es wird nur der Rauschanteil im Signal erhöht. Hierzu wird der Verfahrensschritt des Verstärkens und des Dämpfens so oft nacheinander durchgeführt, bis der Rauschanteil im Signal ausreichend erhöht ist. Dieses so gebildete Signal wird sodann über eine Sendeantenne ausgestrahlt. In the end, there is preferably no change in the signal amplitude, only the noise component in the signal is increased. For this purpose, the process step of amplifying and damping is carried out in succession until the noise component in the signal is sufficiently increased. This signal thus formed is then emitted via a transmission antenna.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung weist das Störsignal kurze Sendeunterbrechungen auf. Diese Unterbrechungen können vorteilhafterweise in periodischen Abständen erfolgen. Durch diese Unterbrechungen kann eine Rückkopplung mit dem Empfangssignal vermieden werden. Dabei wird das Störsignal bevorzugt als pulsweitenmoduliertes Signal gesendet. In a further preferred embodiment, the interference signal has short transmission interruptions. These interruptions can advantageously take place at periodic intervals. These interruptions prevent feedback with the received signal. The interference signal is preferably sent as a pulse width modulated signal.
Die Empfangsantenne und die Sendeantenne arbeiten vorzugsweise in einem Band, dass zur Fernsteuerung von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen verwendet wird, insbesondere im 2,4 GHz und 5,8 GHz Band. Es ist denkbar, dass die Empfangsantenne und die Sendeantenne ausschließlich im 2,4 GHz und/oder im 5,8 GHz Band Signale empfangen und senden. Insbesondere ist es vorteilhaft zwei Empfangs- und zwei Sendeantennen zu verwenden, welche jeweils unterschiedliche Frequenzbänder abdecken, beispielsweise die Frequenzbänder 2,4 GHz und 5,8 GHz. The receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna preferably operate in a band that is used for remote control of unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular in the 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz band. It is conceivable that the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna receive and transmit signals only in the 2.4 GHz and / or in the 5.8 GHz band. In particular, it is advantageous to use two receiving and two transmitting antennas, which each cover different frequency bands, for example the frequency bands 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz.
Die Empfangsantenne und die Sendeantenne sind vorzugsweise durch zwei separate Antennen gebildet. The receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are preferably formed by two separate antennas.
Die Empfangsantenne und/oder die Sendeantenne decken insbesondere die vollständige oder fast vollständige Hemisphäre um das zu schützende Objekt ab. Wenn nun ein unbemanntes Luftfahrzeug das zu schützende Objekt attackiert, ist ab einer gewissen Distanz zwischen dem Luftfahrzeug und der Funkfernbedienung bzw. der entsprechenden Bodenstation der Abstand zur Störantenne so, dass das Luftfahrzeug näher an der Sendeantenne ist und das Störsignal überwiegt und somit das Luftfahrzeug in den Sicherheitsmodus übergeht. The receiving antenna and / or the transmitting antenna cover in particular the complete or almost complete hemisphere around the object to be protected. If an unmanned aircraft now attacks the object to be protected, the distance to the interfering antenna from a certain distance between the aircraft and the radio remote control or the corresponding ground station is such that the aircraft is closer to the transmitting antenna and the interfering signal predominates and thus the aircraft in goes into security mode.
Dieses System kann rund um die Uhr arbeiten und ist vollständig automatisiert. Das System ist stabil gegenüber Frequenzsprüngen und der Verwendung von redundanten Frequenzen, da die Frequenz des ausgestrahlten Störsignals jeweils der Frequenz des empfangenen Sendesignals folgt. Es kann eine unbegrenzte Anzahl von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen mit dieser Anordnung gleichzeitig gestört werden. This system can work around the clock and is fully automated. The system is stable against frequency hops and the use of redundant frequencies, since the frequency of the emitted interference signal always follows the frequency of the received transmission signal. An unlimited number of unmanned aerial vehicles can be disturbed with this arrangement at the same time.
Es ist denkbar mittels eines Sensors die Umgebung zu überwachen und das unbemannte Luftfahrzeug zu detektieren, wobei die Sendeantenne in Abhängigkeit der Richtung des Luftfahrzeugs manuell oder automatisch ausgerichtet wird. Hierdurch ist es möglich Luftfahrzeuge zu erkennen, und beispielsweise die Sendeantenne auf das Luftfahrzeug auszurichten, um ein stärkeres Störsignal an das Luftfahrzeug senden zu können. Als Sensoren können optische Sensoren verwendet werden. Die Sensoren können mit der Signal störvorrichtung gekoppelt werden oder Teil der Signal störvorrichtung sein. Dementsprechend ist bevorzugt mittels Sensoren die Richtung des unbemannten Luftfahrzeugs bestimmbar, wobei die Sendeantenne in Abhängigkeit der Richtung des Luftfahrzeugs ausrichtbar ist. It is conceivable to monitor the environment by means of a sensor and to detect the unmanned aircraft, the transmitting antenna depending on the direction of the Aircraft is aligned manually or automatically. This makes it possible to recognize aircraft and, for example, to align the transmitting antenna to the aircraft in order to be able to send a stronger interference signal to the aircraft. Optical sensors can be used as sensors. The sensors can be coupled to the signal interference device or be part of the signal interference device. Accordingly, the direction of the unmanned aircraft can preferably be determined by means of sensors, the transmission antenna being able to be oriented as a function of the direction of the aircraft.
Die Anordnung benötigt keine regelmäßige Wartung. Eine Störung von anderen elektronischen Bauteilen kann dadurch minimiert werden, dass die Sendeantenne entsprechend ausgerichtet wird. Es ist weiter sehr vorteilhaft, die Empfangsantenne auf einer erhöhten Lage zu positionieren. Hierdurch kann der seitliche Abdeckungsbereich der Empfangsantenne erhöht werden. The arrangement does not require regular maintenance. Interference from other electronic components can be minimized by aligning the transmitting antenna accordingly. It is also very advantageous to position the receiving antenna on an elevated position. As a result, the lateral coverage area of the receiving antenna can be increased.
Hierdurch kann ein beispielsweise ein Drohnenschutzschild für feststehende Objekte oder auch für mobile Einheiten gebildet werden, wobei die Anordnung keinerlei Eingaben eines Benutzers außer dem Ein-und Ausschalten benötigt. In this way, for example, a drone protection shield can be formed for stationary objects or also for mobile units, the arrangement not requiring any input from a user other than switching on and off.
Da das ausgestrahlte Signal nur eine geringe Leistung hat, ist es einfacher eine entsprechende Benutzungslizenz zu erhalten. Die geringe Leistung ermöglicht es zudem, dass die Vorrichtung bzw. die Störantenne Batteriebetrieben ist. Die Leistung kann bspw. weniger als ein Watt betragen. Since the broadcast signal has a low power, it is easier to obtain a corresponding license. The low power also enables the device or the interference antenna to be battery-operated. The power can be less than one watt, for example.
Es gibt nun eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten die Signalstörvorrichtung zur Abwehr von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen (UAV), insbesondere von Drohnen, auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Hierfür darf zunächst auf die dem Patentanspruch 1 nachgeordneten Patentansprüche verwiesen werden. Im Folgenden wird eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung und der dazugehörigen Beschreibung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigt: There are now a number of options for designing and developing the signal interference device for protecting against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular against drones. For this purpose, reference may first be made to the claims subordinate to claim 1. A preferred embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing and the associated description. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1 ein zu schützendes Objekt, ein unbemanntes Luftfahrzeug (UAV), beispielsweise eine Drohne, und eine Störsenderanordnung. Fig. 1 is an object to be protected, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), such as a drone, and a jammer arrangement.
In Fig. 1 ist eine Signalstörvorrichtung 1 zur Abwehr von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen (UAV), insbesondere hier von Drohnen gut zu erkennen. Die Signal störvorrichtung 1 ist an oder in der Nähe eines zu schützenden Objektes 2 angeordnet. Wenn nun ein Luftfahrzeug 3 das Objekt 2 anfliegt wird mit einer Antennenanordnung ein Signal 6 einer Funkfernbedienung des Luftfahrzeugs erfasst. Eine Antennenkeule 4 einer Empfangsantenne (nicht näher dargestellt) ist schematisch angedeutet. Die Empfangsantenne ist dabei insbesondere seitlich ausgerichtet. In Fig. 1, a signal interference device 1 for defense against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular here from drones, can be clearly seen. The signal jammer 1 is arranged on or in the vicinity of an object 2 to be protected. If an aircraft 3 now flies to the object 2, a signal 6 of a radio remote control of the aircraft is detected with an antenna arrangement. An antenna lobe 4 of a receiving antenna (not shown in detail) is indicated schematically. The receiving antenna is particularly laterally aligned.
Das empfangene Signal 6 wird sodann mittels der Signalverarbeitung der Signal störvorrichtung 1 mit einem erhöhten Rauschanteil versehen. Durch ein- oder insbesondere mehrmaliges Verstärken und/oder Dämpfen des Signals 6 in einer analogen Verstärk er Schaltung wird somit ein Störsignal 6* gebildet. Mittels einer Sendeantenne wird das Störsignal 6* nun ausgesandt. Die Antennenkeule 5 der Sendeantenne ist schematisch angedeutet. Die Antennenkeule 5 der Sendeantenne weist vorzugsweise eine größere Elevation zum Horizont als die Antennenkeule 4 der Empfangsantenne auf, wodurch eine grosse Abdeckung des Luftraums erreicht wird. Wenn kein Signal 6 empfangen wird, wird auch kein Störsignal 6* ausgesendet. The received signal 6 is then provided with an increased noise component by means of the signal processing of the signal interfering device 1. An interference signal 6 * is thus formed by amplifying and / or attenuating the signal 6 in an analog amplifier circuit one or more times. The interference signal 6 * is now transmitted by means of a transmission antenna. The antenna lobe 5 of the transmitting antenna is indicated schematically. The antenna lobe 5 of the transmitting antenna preferably has a greater elevation to the horizon than the antenna lobe 4 of the receiving antenna, as a result of which a large coverage of the air space is achieved. If no signal 6 is received, no interference signal 6 * is also transmitted.
Bezugszeichenliste: Störsenderanordnung Reference symbol list: jammer arrangement
zu schützendes Objekt  object to be protected
Unbemanntes Luftfahrzeug (UAV)/Drohne  Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) / drone
Antennenkeule der Empfangsantenne (Empfänger)  Antenna lobe of the receiving antenna (receiver)
Antennenkeule der Sendeantenne (Sender)  Antenna lobe of the transmitting antenna (transmitter)
empfangenes Signal einer Funkfernbedienung des Luftfahrzeugs* ausgesendetes Störsignal  received signal from a radio remote control of the aircraft * emitted interference signal

Claims

Patentansprüche: Claims:
1. Signalstörvorrichtung (1) zur Abwehr von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen (UAV), insbesondere von Drohnen, mit einem Sender (5), wobei mittels des Senders (5) ein Störsignal (6*) sendbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalstörvorrichtung einen Empfänger (4) umfasst, wobei mittels des Empfängers (4) ein Signal (6) zur Steuerung eines unbemannten Luftfahrzeugs (3) empfangbar ist, wobei das Signal (6) mittels einer Signalverstärkung als Störsignal (6*) nutzbar ist, wobei das Störsignal (6*) nur sendbar ist, wenn auch ein Signal (6) empfangen wird, wobei das empfangene Signal (6) mittels der Signalverstärkung derart verstärkbar ist, dass dessen Rauschanteil erhöht ist, um als Störsignal (6*) nutzbar zu sein. 1. Signal interference device (1) for defense against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular drones, with a transmitter (5), an interference signal (6 *) being transmissible by means of the transmitter (5), characterized in that the signal interference device is a receiver (4), whereby a signal (6) for controlling an unmanned aircraft (3) can be received by means of the receiver (4), the signal (6) being usable as an interference signal (6 *) by means of signal amplification, the interference signal ( 6 *) can only be transmitted if a signal (6) is also received, the received signal (6) being able to be amplified by means of the signal amplification in such a way that its noise component is increased in order to be usable as an interference signal (6 *).
2. Signalstörvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Empfänger (4) als Empfangsantenne und/oder der Sender (5) als Sendeantenne ausgeführt ist. 2. Signal interference device according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver (4) is designed as a receiving antenna and / or the transmitter (5) as a transmitting antenna.
3. Signalstörvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalverstärkung mittels einer Reihenschaltung aus mindestens einem positiven Signalverstärker und mindestens einem negativen Signalverstärker gebildet ist, wobei diese Reihenschaltung von dem empfangenen Signal durchlaufbar ist, um das Störsignal (6*) zu bilden. 3. Signal interference device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the signal amplification is formed by means of a series connection of at least one positive signal amplifier and at least one negative signal amplifier, which series connection can be run through by the received signal to form the interference signal (6 *) .
4. Signalstörvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalverstärkung mittels eines analogen Signalverstärkers, insbesondere mittels einer analogen Verstärker Schaltung ausgeführt ist. 4. Signal interference device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signal amplification is carried out by means of an analog signal amplifier, in particular by means of an analog amplifier circuit.
5. Signalstörvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Störsignal (6*) die gleiche Frequenz wie das empfangene Signal (6) aufweist. 5. Signal interference device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interference signal (6 *) has the same frequency as the received signal (6).
6. Signal störvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Störsignal (6*) kurze Sendeunterbrechungen aufweist. 6. Signal interference device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interference signal (6 *) short transmission interruptions having.
7. Signalstörvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels Sensoren die Richtung des unbemannten Luftfahrzeugs (3) bestimmbar ist, wobei die Sendeantenne (5) in Abhängigkeit der Richtung des Luftfahrzeugs (3) ausrichtbar ist. 7. Signal interference device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the direction of the unmanned aircraft (3) can be determined by means of sensors, the transmitting antenna (5) depending on the direction of the aircraft (3) can be aligned.
8. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Signal störvorrichtung (1) zur Abwehr von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen (UAV), insbesondere von Drohnen, mit einem Sender (5), wobei mittels des Senders (5) ein Störsignal (6*) gesendet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels eines Empfängers (4) ein Signal (6) zur Steuerung eines unbemannten Luftfahrzeugs (3) empfangen und mittels einer Signalverstärkung als Störsignal (6*) genutzt wird, wobei das Störsignal (6*) nur gesendet wird, wenn auch ein Signal (6) empfangen wird, wobei das empfangene Signal (6) mittels der Signalverstärkung derart verstärkbar ist, dass dessen Rauschanteil erhöht ist, um als Störsignal (6*) nutzbar zu sein. 8. A method of operating a signal jamming device (1) for defense against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in particular drones, with a transmitter (5), an interference signal (6 *) being transmitted by means of the transmitter (5), characterized in that that a signal (6) for controlling an unmanned aircraft (3) is received by means of a receiver (4) and used as an interference signal (6 *) by means of signal amplification, the interference signal (6 *) being only transmitted if a signal ( 6) is received, the received signal (6) being able to be amplified by means of the signal amplification in such a way that its noise component is increased in order to be usable as an interference signal (6 *).
9. Verfahren nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das empfangene Signal (6) mindestens einmal verstärkt wird, wobei der Rauschanteil erhöht wird, um das Störsignal (6*) zu bilden. 9. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the received signal (6) is amplified at least once, the noise component being increased to form the interference signal (6 *).
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das empfangene Signal (6) mindestens einmal gedämpft wird, wobei der Rauschanteil erhöht wird, um das Störsignal (6*) zu bilden. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the received signal (6) is attenuated at least once, the noise component being increased to form the interference signal (6 *).
PCT/EP2019/075014 2018-09-19 2019-09-18 Signal interference device and a method for operating a signal interference device for protecting unmanned aerial vehicles (uav), in particular drones WO2020058340A1 (en)

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