WO2020056852A1 - 一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源 - Google Patents

一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源 Download PDF

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WO2020056852A1
WO2020056852A1 PCT/CN2018/112817 CN2018112817W WO2020056852A1 WO 2020056852 A1 WO2020056852 A1 WO 2020056852A1 CN 2018112817 W CN2018112817 W CN 2018112817W WO 2020056852 A1 WO2020056852 A1 WO 2020056852A1
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polarization
fiber grating
narrow linewidth
laser
fiber
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French (fr)
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徐善辉
赵齐来
张志韬
杨昌盛
冯洲明
杨中民
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06712—Polarising fibre; Polariser
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
    • H01S3/1308—Stabilisation of the polarisation
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    • H01S1/00—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range
    • H01S1/02—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range solid
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08013—Resonator comprising a fibre, e.g. for modifying dispersion or repetition rate
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08054—Passive cavity elements acting on the polarization, e.g. a polarizer for branching or walk-off compensation
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08086—Multiple-wavelength emission
    • H01S3/0809—Two-wavelenghth emission
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/10061—Polarization control
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/105—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length
    • H01S3/1053—Control by pressure or deformation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B17/00—Generation of oscillations using radiation source and detector, e.g. with interposed variable obturator
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
    • H01S3/09415—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode the pumping beam being parallel to the lasing mode of the pumped medium, e.g. end-pumping
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/105—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length
    • H01S3/1055—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length one of the reflectors being constituted by a diffraction grating
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1608—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth erbium
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1618—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth ytterbium

Definitions

  • the present invention mainly uses microwave photonics technology, and relates to a communication system that uses optical technology to process radio frequency signals, and particularly relates to a communication system Adjustable narrow linewidth photo-generated microwave source based on polarization control.
  • Photo-generated microwave technology is an optical technology that carries microwave and millimeter wave signals in optical signals to realize transmission of radio frequency signals in optical transmission media such as optical fibers.
  • the control of laser signals is used to generate radio frequency signals.
  • Optical microwave technology uses the advantages of low optical signal transmission loss, long transmission distance, and anti-interference in optical fiber communication. At the same time, it overcomes the shortcomings of low frequency upper limit and large signal noise of traditional microwave millimeter wave generation. It combines microwave and optical fiber communication. Advantage has become a research hotspot in the field of optical fiber communication.
  • optical heterodyne method generates a microwave signal by means of a beat frequency.
  • the structure is simple and the cost is low, but the way to achieve an adjustable output frequency is difficult to achieve.
  • External modulation is the modulation of optical signals by a phase modulator, which can generate microwave signals with twice or even higher frequency than the modulated signal, so it is easy to obtain high-frequency microwave signals, but the disadvantage of this method is the price of the phase modulator Expensive and additional modulation signal generator, and the insertion loss of the modulator itself is large, and the optical power that it can bear is limited; the photoelectric oscillator generates microwave signals through stable oscillation generated by the photoelectric loop, and its frequency adjustable range is large. Microwave signal quality is high, but the structure is more complex, and some of these components such as tunable filters have higher requirements.
  • a microwave source For a microwave source, its signal line width is an important evaluation index. Especially in phased array microwave radars, light-borne wireless communication systems, wireless sensor networks, and satellite communication systems, a narrow linewidth and precise tunable microwave source are required.
  • the fiber laser output achieved based on the resonant cavity formed by the high-gain fiber has good narrow linewidth characteristics. On this basis, the use of a dual-frequency laser output from a single cavity can effectively reduce interference from the external environment, achieve line width compression of microwave signals, and improve the performance of output microwave signals.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, and discloses an adjustable narrow linewidth photo-generated microwave source based on polarization control.
  • the effect of a stress adjustment device on a fiber grating realizes a wide range of narrow linewidth microwave signals. produce.
  • An adjustable narrow linewidth photo-generated microwave source based on polarization control which includes a high reflectance fiber grating, high gain fiber, low reflectance polarization maintaining fiber grating, stress adjustment device, optical wavelength division multiplexer, and single-mode semiconductor pump Pump laser, polarization beam splitter, polarization controller, optical coupler, and photodetector; the high-reflectance fiber grating, high-gain fiber, and low-reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating form a resonant cavity of a fiber laser, and A gain fiber is used as a cavity gain medium.
  • the high reflectance fiber grating and the low reflectance polarization maintaining fiber grating form a front and rear cavity mirror of the resonant cavity, and are respectively connected to two ends of the high gain fiber, so that The signal light oscillates in the resonant cavity.
  • the single-mode semiconductor pump laser injects pump light into the resonant cavity through an optical wavelength division multiplexer.
  • the polarization beam splitter divides two lasers with different frequencies and different polarizations output by the optical wavelength division multiplexer into fast axis light and slow Axial light, where the slow-axis light adjusts its polarization state through the polarization controller, changes its orthogonal relationship with the fast-axis light, is coupled with the fast-axis light through an optical coupler, is injected into the photodetector, and beats the frequency
  • the technology realizes the generation of narrow linewidth microwave signals; the stress adjustment device is arranged on the low-reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber grating, and the low-reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber light is changed by changing The magnitude of the stress, changing the distribution of the birefringence in the grating, the output of tunable narrow linewidth photogenerated microwave signal.
  • the stress adjusting device is used to apply lateral stress to the optical fiber, which causes the birefringence distribution to change.
  • the material is a piezoelectric ceramic, a mechanical adjusting frame, or a weight pressing device.
  • the fiber laser resonator has a distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) cavity structure and a distributed feedback (DFB) ) Cavity structure or ring cavity structure.
  • DBR distributed Bragg reflection
  • DFB distributed feedback
  • the optical fiber used for the low-reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber grating is a panda-type polarization maintaining fiber, a tie-type polarization-maintaining fiber, or an optical fiber engraved with a dual-wavelength reflection peak;
  • the high-reflectivity fiber grating is a single-mode fiber grating , Whose reflection peaks cover the two reflection peaks of the low-reflectivity fiber grating, and the reflectivity of the signal light is greater than 90%.
  • the frequency response range of the photodetector is greater than the frequency of the beat signal generated by the fiber laser light source, and the material includes, but is not limited to, indium gallium arsenic semiconductor material, silicon semiconductor material, or germanium semiconductor material.
  • the invention uses a laser generated by a single-mode semiconductor laser as a pump source, pumps a high-gain fiber through an optical wavelength division multiplexer, and implements a low-reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating and a high-reflection fiber grating as laser cavity resonator mirrors.
  • the laser oscillates and passes through a low reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber grating, and outputs a narrow line-width laser from an optical wavelength division multiplexer.
  • the birefringence in the polarization-maintaining fiber grating makes it exist two orthogonal polarization mode lasers, and the laser frequencies working in these two polarization modes are different.
  • the laser is divided into two by a polarization beam splitter, one of which passes through the polarization controller, changes its polarization state through the polarization controller, and recouples with the other laser output from the polarization beam splitter into one through an optical coupler, and is injected into the photoelectricity.
  • the detector generates a microwave signal.
  • the stress adjusting device controls the birefringence distribution in the low-reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber grating by applying stress to the low-reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber grating, thereby controlling the laser frequency of the resonant cavity working in different polarization modes.
  • a two-wavelength narrow line-width laser with a variable frequency interval is used to generate a tunable narrow line-width photo-generated microwave source by means of a beat technique.
  • the center reflection wavelength of the high reflectance fiber grating is a laser output wavelength of 1550.12 nm, and the 3dB reflection spectrum width is 1.2 nm, center wavelength reflectance is greater than 99.95%; low emissivity polarization maintaining fiber grating 3 Slow center reflection peak center wavelength is 1550.12 nm, fast axis reflection peak center wavelength is 1550.50 nm with 60% reflectivity.
  • the high-gain fiber is a erbium-doped phosphate gain fiber.
  • the adjustable narrow linewidth photo-generated microwave source based on polarization control of the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
  • the polarization-maintaining fiber grating with low reflectivity is used as the frequency-selective element of the laser, and the output of the narrow-line-width fiber laser is realized under the pumping of the single-mode semiconductor pump laser to the high-gain fiber.
  • the polarization state of the generated dual-frequency laser is adjusted by a polarization beam splitter and a polarization controller, and the dual-frequency laser is re-coupled together into the photodetector through an optical coupler, so that a narrow line-width microwave with high intensity can be realized. Signal output.
  • stress is applied to the low-reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber grating by a stress-regulating device to change its birefringence, thereby controlling the laser frequencies in the resonant cavity working in different polarization modes.
  • a two-wavelength laser with a variable frequency interval is used to generate a tunable narrow linewidth photo-generated microwave source by using a beat frequency technique.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustable narrow linewidth photo-generated microwave source based on polarization control in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is an output spectrum diagram of an adjustable narrow linewidth photo-generated microwave source based on polarization control in different embodiments in different states.
  • image 3 It is a graph of line width measurement results of an output laser in different states based on an adjustable narrow line-width photo-generated microwave source based on polarization control in the embodiment (where the ordinate is radio frequency power and the abscissa is frequency).
  • Figure 1 includes: 1- high reflectance fiber grating, 2- high gain fiber, 3- low reflectance polarization maintaining fiber grating, 4- Stress adjustment device, 5-optical wavelength division multiplexer, 6-single mode semiconductor pump laser, 7-polarization beam splitter, 8-polarization controller, 9-optical coupler, 10-photodetector.
  • FIG. 1 a specific structure of an adjustable narrow linewidth photo-generated microwave source based on polarization control is shown in FIG. 1.
  • High reflectance fiber grating 1 in this example The center reflection wavelength is the laser output wavelength of 1550.12 nm, the 3dB reflection spectrum width is 1.2 nm, and the center wavelength reflectance is greater than 99.95%.
  • Low Emissivity PM Fiber Grating 3 The center wavelength of the slow-axis reflection peak is 1550.12 nm, and the center wavelength of the fast-axis reflection peak is 1550.50 nm. The reflectance is 60%.
  • High-gain fiber 2 A erbium-doped phosphate gain fiber.
  • High-gain fiber 2, high-reflectivity fiber grating 1 and low-reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 together form a Bragg reflection-type laser resonator.
  • Single-mode semiconductor pump laser 6 Through a 980/1550 nm WDM 5 Pumping into the cavity, due to the existence of birefringence in the low reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber grating, there are two reflection peaks with different polarization modes and different center wavelengths, and the laser can achieve orthogonal dual-frequency narrow linewidth fiber laser output, and WDM 5 output.
  • the output quadrature dual-frequency laser passes through a polarization beam splitter 7 and is divided into two lasers of fast axis and slow axis.
  • the slow axis light passes through the polarization controller 8 Adjust its own polarization state, destroy the orthogonal relationship between itself and fast axis light, and then recouple it into a light through the optical coupler 9 and inject it into the indium gallium arsenic photodetector 10 to obtain about 50 GHz. Microwave signal.
  • the stress adjusting device 4 It can apply lateral stress to low reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber gratings. It is composed of a fiber-optic groove made of a rigid material and a piezoelectric ceramic. When a DC voltage signal is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic, the stretching of the piezoelectric ceramic will be low.
  • the reflectivity polarization maintaining fiber grating has the effect of lateral stress, so as to control the birefringence distribution in the low reflectance fiber grating, and the corresponding two different polarization modes of the laser frequency are also changed.
  • the indium gallium arsenic photodetector is injected.
  • the frequency of the beat signal generated in 10 also changes, and finally an adjustable narrow linewidth photo-generated microwave signal source can be obtained.
  • a tunable narrow line-width photo-generated microwave source based on polarization control of the present invention uses a low-reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber grating as a frequency selection element of a laser.
  • Achieved narrow linewidth fiber laser output Under the pump excitation of a high-gain fiber by a single-mode semiconductor pump laser, Achieved narrow linewidth fiber laser output.
  • the polarization state of the generated dual-frequency laser is adjusted by a polarization beam splitter and a polarization controller, and the dual-frequency laser is re-coupled together into the photodetector through an optical coupler, so that a narrow line-width microwave with high intensity can be realized. Signal output.
  • stress is applied to the low-reflectivity polarization-maintaining fiber grating by a stress-regulating device to change its birefringence, thereby controlling the laser frequencies in the resonant cavity working in different polarization modes.
  • a two-wavelength laser with a variable frequency interval is used to generate a tunable narrow linewidth photo-generated microwave source by using a beat frequency technique.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，包括高反射率光纤光栅(1)、高增益光纤(2)、低反射率保偏光纤光栅(3)、应力调节装置(4)、单模半导体泵浦激光器(6)、光波分复用器(5)、偏振分光器(7)、偏振控制器(8)、光耦合器(9)和光电探测器(10)；通过调节应力调节装置对低反射率保偏光纤光栅的应力大小，以此控制低反射率保偏光纤光栅中的双折射分布，从而控制谐振腔中工作于不同偏振模式的激光频率，利用频率间隔可变的双波长窄线宽激光通过拍频技术产生可调窄线宽光生微波源。

Description

一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源
技术领域
本发明主要利用了微波光子学技术，涉及到利用光技术处理射频信号的通信系统，具体涉及一种 基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源。
背景技术
光生微波技术是一种在光信号中携带微波毫米波信号，实现在光纤等光传输介质中传输射频信号的光学技术，在光载射频系统中，通过对激光信号的调控，实现射频信号的产生、转换和调制。光生微波技术利用光纤通信中光信号传输损耗低、传输距离远、抗干扰等优点，同时克服传统的通过电学方式产生微波毫米波的频率上限低、信号噪声大等缺点，融合了微波和光纤通信的优势，成为当前光纤通信领域的一个研究热点。
要实现光载射频信号传输，最重要的技术要点在于实现高质量的可调光生微波源。目前可调光生微波源的产生方式主要有三种：光外差法，外部调制法和光电振荡器。光外差法通过拍频的方式产生微波信号，其结构简单，成本低廉，但是实现可调输出频率的方式较难实现。外部调制是通过相位调制器对光信号进行调制，可以产生两倍频甚至更高倍频于调制信号的微波信号，因此容易获得高频的微波信号，但是这种方式的缺点在于相位调制器的价格昂贵以及额外的调制信号发生器，并且调制器本身的插损较大，承受的光功率有限；光电振荡器则是通过光电环路产生的稳定振荡来产生微波信号，其频率可调范围大，微波信号质量较高，但是结构较为复杂，并且对其中某些元件如可调滤波器的要求较高。
对于微波源而言，其信号线宽是一个重要的评价指标。特别是在相控阵微波雷达、光载无线通信系统，无线传感网络，卫星通信系统中，都需要窄线宽精确可调谐的微波源。基于高增益光纤构成的谐振腔所实现的光纤激光输出具备良好的窄线宽特性。在此基础上，利用单个谐振腔输出的双频激光可以有效降低外界环境的干扰，实现微波信号的线宽压缩，提高输出微波信号的性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术上述中的不足，公开了一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，通过应力调节装置对光纤光栅的作用，实现宽范围的窄线宽微波信号产生。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现。
一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其包括一个高反射率光纤光栅、高增益光纤、低反射率保偏光纤光栅、应力调节装置、光波分复用器、单模半导体泵浦激光器、偏振分光器、偏振控制器、光耦合器和光电探测器；所述高反射率光纤光栅、高增益光纤和低反射率保偏光纤光栅共同组成了光纤激光器的谐振腔，所述高增益光纤作为谐振腔增益介质，所述高反射率光纤光栅和低反射率保偏光纤光栅组成谐振腔的前后腔镜，分别与高增益光纤的两端连接，使 实现信号光在谐振腔内的振荡，所述单模半导体泵浦激光器通过光波分复用器向谐振腔进行泵浦光注入，由于低反射率保偏光纤光栅中双折射的存在，存在两个不同偏振模式不同中心波长的反射峰，激光器得以实现正交双频窄线宽光纤激光输出，并通过波分复用器输出所述低反射率保偏光纤光栅中的双折射使其存在两个正交的偏振模式激光，并且工作在这两个偏振模式下的激光频率不同，所述偏振分束器将光波分复用器输出的两个不同频率不同偏振的激光分为快轴光和慢轴光，其中慢轴光经过偏振控制器调节自身的偏振态，改变自身与快轴光的正交关系，通过光耦合器与快轴光耦合到一起，注入到光电探测器中，通过拍频技术实现了窄线宽微波信号的产生；所述应力调节装置设置在低反射率保偏光纤光栅上，通过改变施加在低反射率保偏光纤光栅上的应力大小，改变光栅中的双折射分布，输出可调窄线宽光生微波信号。
进一步优化的，所述应力调节装置用于对光纤施加侧向应力，导致其双折射分布发生变化材料为压电陶瓷、机械调整架或重物挤压装置。
进一步优化的，所述光纤激光器谐振腔为分布布拉格反射式（ DBR ）腔结构、分布反馈式（ DFB ）腔结构或环形腔结构。
进一步优化的，所述低反射率保偏光纤光栅使用的光纤为熊猫型保偏光纤、领带型保偏光纤或刻有双波长反射峰的光纤；所述高反射率光纤光栅为单模光纤光栅，其反射峰覆盖住低反射率光纤光栅的两个反射峰，并且对信号光的反射率大于 90% 。
进一步优化的，所述的光电探测器频率响应范围大于光纤激光光源产生的拍频信号频率，其材料包括但不限于为铟镓砷半导体材料、硅半导体材料或锗半导体材料等。
本发明以单模半导体激光器产生的激光作为泵浦源，通过光波分复用器对高增益光纤进行泵浦，低反射率保偏光纤光栅和高反射率光纤光栅作为激光器的谐振腔腔镜实现激光振荡，并从低反射率保偏光纤光栅经过，从光波分复用器输出窄线宽激光。保偏光纤光栅中的双折射使其存在两个正交的偏振模式激光，并且工作在这两个偏振模式下的激光频率不同。该激光由偏振分光器一分为二，其中一路激光经过偏振控制器，通过偏振控制器改变其偏振态，并与偏振分光器输出的另外一路激光通过光耦合器重新耦合为一，注入到光电探测器中，从而产生微波信号。而应力调节装置则是通过对低反射率保偏光纤光栅施加应力，以此控制低反射率保偏光纤光栅中的双折射分布，从而控制谐振腔中工作于不同偏振模式的激光频率。最终利用频率间隔可变的双波长窄线宽激光通过拍频技术产生可调窄线宽光生微波源。
进一步地， 所述高反射率光纤光栅中心反射波长为激光输出波长 1550.12 nm ， 3dB 反射谱宽为 1.2 nm ，中心波长反射率大于 99.95 ％；低发射率保偏光纤光栅 3 慢轴反射峰中心波长为 1550.12 nm ，快轴反射峰中心波长为 1550.50 nm ，反射率均为 60% 。
进一步地， 所述高增益光纤为铒镱共掺的磷酸盐增益光纤。
与现有技术相比，本发明的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源具有如下优点和技术效果：
将低反射率的保偏光纤光栅作为激光器的选频元件，在单模半导体泵浦激光器对高增益光纤的泵浦激励下，实现了窄线宽光纤激光输出。通过偏振分光器和偏振控制器对产生的双频激光的偏振态进行调整，再通过光耦合器将双频激光重新耦合到一起注入光电探测器中，就能实现强度较高的窄线宽微波信号输出。
同时，通过应力调装置对低反射率保偏光纤光栅施加应力，使其双折射发生改变，从而控制谐振腔中工作于不同偏振模式的激光频率。利用频率间隔可变的双波长激光通过拍频技术产生可调窄线宽光生微波源。
附图说明
图 1 为实施例中一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源的结构示意图。
图 2 为实施例中 一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源不同状态下的输出频谱图。
图 3 为实施例中一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源不同状态下输出激光的线宽测量结果图（其中纵坐标为射频功率，横坐标为频率）。
图 1 中包括： 1- 高反射率光纤光栅， 2- 高增益光纤， 3- 低反射率保偏光纤光栅， 4- 应力调节装置， 5- 光波分复用器， 6- 单模半导体泵浦激光器， 7- 偏振分光器， 8- 偏振控制器， 9- 光耦合器， 10- 光电探测器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体例子对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述，需要说明的是本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围，以下若有未特别详细说明之过程或部件，均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术理解或实现的。
实施例 1
本实施例 一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源具体结构如图 1 所示。本例的高反射率光纤光栅 1 中心反射波长为激光输出波长 1550.12 nm ， 3dB 反射谱宽为 1.2 nm ，中心波长反射率大于 99.95 ％。低发射率保偏光纤光栅 3 慢轴反射峰中心波长为 1550.12 nm ，快轴反射峰中心波长为 1550.50 nm ，反射率均为 60% 。高增益光纤 2 为铒镱共掺的磷酸盐增益光纤。高增益光纤 2 、高反射率光纤光栅 1 以及低反射率保偏光纤光栅 3 共同组成布拉格反射型的激光器谐振腔。单模半导体泵浦激光器 6 通过一个 980/1550 nm 的光波分复用器 5 向谐振腔中进行泵浦，由于低反射率保偏光纤光栅中双折射的存在，存在两个不同偏振模式不同中心波长的反射峰，激光器得以实现正交双频窄线宽光纤激光输出，并从波分复用器 5 的输出端输出。输出的正交双频激光经过一个偏振分光器 7 ，被分为快轴和慢轴两路激光，其中慢轴光经过偏振控制器 8 调整自身的偏振态，破坏自身与快轴光的正交关系，再经过光耦合器 9 重新耦合为一路光，注入到铟镓砷光电探测器 10 中，就可以获得约 50 GHz 的微波信号。同时，应力调节装置 4 可对低反射率保偏光纤光栅施加侧向应力，它是由一个钢性材料的光纤槽和一个压电陶瓷组成，当给压电陶瓷施加直流电压信号时，压电陶瓷的伸张会对低反射率保偏光纤光栅有侧向应力的作用，从而控制低反射率光纤光栅中的双折射分布，其对应的两个不同偏振模式下的激光频率也发生改变，注入到铟镓砷光电探测器 10 中产生的拍频信号频率也发生变化，最终可以获得可调的窄线宽光生微波信号源。
本实施例的具体效果如图 2 、图 3 所示。通过调节压电陶瓷上的直流电压信号，获得了 1550.124 nm 和 1550.245 nm( 间隔 ~15 GHz) 、 1550.060 nm 和 1550.212 nm( 间隔 ~22 GHz) 、 1550.092 nm 和 1550.298 nm( 间隔 ~25 GHz) 这三个结果，对应的拍频得到的射频信号频谱图如图 2 所示。另外，分别对每个状态下的输出光线宽进行测量，其结果如图 3 中的（ a ）（ b ）（ c ） 所示。可以看出，不同状态下其 20dB 带宽均小于 70kHz, 对应的 3dB 线宽基本能保持小于 3.5kHz 。
综上所述， 本发明的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源将低反射率的保偏光纤光栅作为激光器的选频元件，在单模半导体泵浦激光器对高增益光纤的泵浦激励下，实现了窄线宽光纤激光输出。通过偏振分光器和偏振控制器对产生的双频激光的偏振态进行调整，再通过光耦合器将双频激光重新耦合到一起注入光电探测器中，就能实现强度较高的窄线宽微波信号输出。
同时，通过应力调装置对低反射率保偏光纤光栅施加应力，使其双折射发生改变，从而控制谐振腔中工作于不同偏振模式的激光频率。利用频率间隔可变的双波长激光通过拍频技术产生可调窄线宽光生微波源。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其特征在于：包括一个高反射率光纤光栅（ 1 ）、高增益光纤（ 2 ）、低反射率保偏光纤光栅（ 3 ）、应力调节装置（ 4 ）、光波分复用器（ 5 ）、单模半导体泵浦激光器（ 6 ）、偏振分光器（ 7 ）、偏振控制器（ 8 ）、光耦合器（ 9 ）和光电探测器（ 10 ）；所述高反射率光纤光栅（ 1 ）、高增益光纤（ 2 ）和低反射率保偏光纤光栅（ 3 ）共同组成了激光器的谐振腔，所述高增益光纤（ 2 ）作为激光器谐振腔增益介质，所述高反射率光纤光栅（ 1 ）和低反射率保偏光纤光栅（ 3 ）组成谐振腔的前后腔镜，分别与高增益光纤（ 2 ）的两端连接，使信号光在谐振腔内的振荡，光波分复用器（ 5 ）的第一端与所述谐振腔连接；所述单模半导体泵浦激光器（ 6 ）的输出端与光波分复用器（ 5 ）的第二端连接，通过光波分复用器（ 5 ）向谐振腔进行泵浦光注入，由于低反射率保偏光纤光栅中双折射的存在，存在两个不同偏振模式不同中心波长的反射峰，激光器得以实现正交双频窄线宽光纤激光输出，并通过波分复用器（ 5 ）输出 ；偏振分束器（ 7 ）的输入端与光波分复用器（ 5 ）的输出端连接，将光波分复用器（ 5 ）输出的两个不同频率不同偏振的激光分为快轴光和慢轴光；偏振分束器（ 7 ）的输出端分别与偏振控制器（ 8 ）、光耦合器（ 9 ）连接，光耦合器（ 9 ）的输出与光电探测器（ 10 ）连接；所述慢轴光经过偏振控制器（ 8 ）调节自身的偏振态，改变自身与快轴光的正交关系，通过光耦合器（ 9 ）与快轴光耦合到一起，注入到光电探测器（ 10 ）中，通过拍频技术实现了窄线宽微波信号的产生；所述应力调节装置（ 4 ）设置在低反射率保偏光纤光栅（ 3 ）上，通过改变施加在低反射率保偏光纤光栅（ 3 ）上的应力大小，改变光栅中的双折射分布，控制不同偏振模式下的输出激光频率，输出可调窄线宽光生微波信号。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其特征在于：所述应力调节装置（ 4 ）用于对光纤施加侧向应力，导致其双折射分布发生变化。
  3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其特征在于：所述应力调节装置（ 4 ）的材料为压电陶瓷、机械调整架或重物挤压装置。
  4. 根据专利要求 1 所述的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其特征在于： 所述光纤激光器谐振腔为分布布拉格反射式（ DBR ）腔结构、分布反馈式（ DFB ）腔结构或环形腔结构。
  5. 根据专利要求 1 所述的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其特征在于：所述低反射率保偏光纤光栅（ 3 ）使用的光纤为熊猫型保偏光纤、领带型保偏光纤或刻有双波长反射峰的光纤。
  6. 根据专利要求 1 所述的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其特征在于：所述高反射率光纤光栅（ 1 ）为单模光纤光栅，其反射峰覆盖住低反射率光纤光栅（ 3 ）的两个反射峰，并且对信号光的反射率大于 90% 。
  7. 根据专利要求 1 所述的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其特征在于 ：所述光电探测器（ 10 ）的频率响应范围大于光纤激光光源产生的拍频信号频率。
  8. 根据专利要求 7 所述的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其特征在于：所述光电探测器（ 10 ）的材料为铟镓砷半导体材料、硅半导体材料或锗半导体材料。
  9. 根据专利要求 1 所述的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其特征在于：所述高反射率光纤光栅中心反射波长为激光输出波长 1550.12 nm ， 3dB 反射谱宽为 1.2 nm ，中心波长反射率大于 99.95 ％；低发射率保偏光纤光栅 3 慢轴反射峰中心波长为 1550.12 nm ，快轴反射峰中心波长为 1550.50 nm ，反射率均为 60% 。
  10. 根据专利要求 1~9 任一项 所述的一种基于偏振控制的可调窄线宽光生微波源，其特征在于：所述高增益光纤为铒镱共掺的磷酸盐增益光纤。
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