WO2020056570A1 - Procédé de génération de bloc basé sur un mécanisme de fragmentation pour un réseau de blocs, et système de réseau de blocs - Google Patents

Procédé de génération de bloc basé sur un mécanisme de fragmentation pour un réseau de blocs, et système de réseau de blocs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020056570A1
WO2020056570A1 PCT/CN2018/106090 CN2018106090W WO2020056570A1 WO 2020056570 A1 WO2020056570 A1 WO 2020056570A1 CN 2018106090 W CN2018106090 W CN 2018106090W WO 2020056570 A1 WO2020056570 A1 WO 2020056570A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
node
data
groups
nodes
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PCT/CN2018/106090
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈泰元
黄伟宁
欧曜玮
郭博钧
赵子为
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柯宾汉数位金融科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/106090 priority Critical patent/WO2020056570A1/fr
Priority to TW107133149A priority patent/TWI677220B/zh
Publication of WO2020056570A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020056570A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a block generation method and a block network system of a block network using a sharding mechanism, and in particular, to a method and a method for using the sharding mechanism to more effectively generate blocks in a block network and Block network system.
  • Blockchain technology is a technical solution that does not rely on third parties to store, verify, transfer and communicate network data through its own distributed nodes. Therefore, from the perspective of financial accounting, some people regard blockchain technology as a decentralized and open decentralized large-scale network book (public ledger). Teenage can use the same technical standard at any time. Add your own information, extend the blockchain, and continue to meet the data entry needs brought by various needs.
  • the public ledger used by Bitcoin is a set of decentralized storage schemes based on the Proof-of-Work mechanism, which usually has extremely high security and anti-attack characteristics.
  • computing power of up to thousands of TH / s is required, which has exceeded the total computing power of the top 500 supercomputers in the world by a hundred times.
  • each computer can form a node to obtain information or data from the blockchain network, such as transaction data, and then the node can use the data to generate blocks including hash operations.
  • the program or block generates a program to generate a new block, and connects the newly generated block to the end of the blockchain stored by the node.
  • a proof-of-work mechanism is used in the aforementioned blockchain system adopted by Bitcoin to determine whether the block can be generated, and the proof-of-work is solved by nodes.
  • the hash operation is used to achieve it. Therefore, in order to obtain the right to generate new blocks, each node will spend a large amount of computing power on the hash calculation of the workload proof.
  • each node can process data and produce blocks at the same time. Under this architecture, no proof of work is needed, so the node's computing power can be liberated by the hash operation of the proof of work to generate blocks. The speed will also increase accordingly.
  • the node on the blockchain network is a computer host, and the computer host will have different computing capabilities according to its specifications. When the computing power of the computer host is far greater than the computing power required to perform the block generation program or the block generation program, the computing power of the computer host is a waste.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a block generation method and a block network system of a block network using a sharding mechanism, which can more effectively utilize computer computing capabilities to generate blocks, and can effectively prevent dispersion Distributed Denial-of-service attack (DDoS).
  • DDoS dispersion Distributed Denial-of-service attack
  • the present invention discloses a method for generating blocks of a block network using a sharding mechanism, which is executed on a computer system including a plurality of nodes.
  • the method is characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
  • a first node among the nodes obtains a plurality of data based on a blockchain agreement
  • the first node disperses the data in a plurality of groups, and simultaneously performs a block generation process on the data in the groups in parallel;
  • the first node forms a block according to the results of the block generation procedures performed by the groups.
  • the nodes include a plurality of second nodes, and the method further includes the following steps:
  • the first node generates the block, and sends a broadcast corresponding to the block
  • the second nodes respectively receive the broadcast to confirm the block
  • the block When the block is confirmed by more than a predetermined number of the second nodes, the block becomes a confirmed block.
  • the predetermined number is two-thirds of the total number of these nodes.
  • the second node then distributes the received broadcast in one of a plurality of second groups.
  • the first node is a computer host, and the method further includes:
  • the first node determines the number of the groups according to the computing power of the computer host.
  • the first node distributes the data among the groups through a consistent hash operation.
  • a block network system applying a fragmentation mechanism is also disclosed, which is characterized by:
  • a blockchain network that stores multiple pieces of data
  • a first computing device connected to the blockchain network to obtain the data from the blockchain network.
  • the first computing device has a processor and stores a block generation program, and the processor selectively executes Multiple procedures for generating the block;
  • the processor distributes the data to a plurality of groups, and simultaneously performs the block generation procedure on the data in the groups in parallel, and A block is formed according to the operation result of the block generating program.
  • the first computing device After the first computing device forms the block, the first computing device sends a broadcast corresponding to the block through the blockchain network.
  • the computing devices include the first computing device and a plurality of second computing devices.
  • the second computing devices are connected to the blockchain network and pass through the blockchain network.
  • the broadcast corresponding to the block is received, and the block is confirmed according to the broadcast.
  • the block becomes a confirmed block.
  • the processor determines the number of the groups according to its own computing power.
  • the computing device stores a consistent hash computing program, and the processor executes the consistent hash computing program to disperse the information to the groups.
  • the block generation method and system of the blockchain of the present invention can effectively utilize the computing power of nodes, improve the speed of generating blocks and the efficiency of processing data, and can effectively prevent distributed denial of service attacks. -of-serviceattack (DDoS).
  • DDoS distributed denial of service attacks
  • FIG. 1A is a flowchart illustrating steps of a block generation method of a block network using a fragmentation mechanism according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1B is a functional block diagram of a block network system that can execute the method of FIG. 1A.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fragmentation mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a block generation method of a block network according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1A shows a flowchart of steps of a method for generating a block of a block network using a fragmentation mechanism according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1B shows a method for executing the method of FIG. 1A.
  • the blockchain network system 2 may include a blockchain network 20 and a plurality of computing devices connected to the blockchain network 20, and the computing devices may be connected to each other through the blockchain network 20.
  • a computing device may also be referred to as a node, which may be a computer host or any device with logic computing capabilities. Each computing device can perform the same computing function, but for the sake of convenience, the central computing device shown in FIG.
  • 1B is defined as the first node 22, and other computing devices are defined as the second node 24. .
  • any computing device or node connected to the blockchain network 20 can be used as the first node 22 to perform the same computing procedure.
  • a computing device or node other than itself can Is defined as second node 24.
  • the block generation method of the block network in this embodiment can be executed by a computer system, and further, it can be performed by the block network system 2 shown in FIG. 1B.
  • the block generation method of the blockchain in this embodiment may include the following steps: Step S10, the first node 22 (ie, the first computing device) obtains a plurality of data based on the blockchain agreement; step S12, the first node 22 will The obtained data is dispersed in a plurality of groups, and a block generation process is performed on the data in each group in parallel at the same time; and in step S14, the first node forms a new area according to the results of the block generation process performed by all the groups. Piece.
  • the blockchain network 20 can store multiple pieces of data, which can include different forms or contents according to different application fields. For example, these data can be financial transaction data, medical medical records, identity verification data, academic data, or human resources. Smart learning materials, etc.
  • the first node 22 may obtain one or more pieces of the plurality of pieces of data from the blockchain network 20 based on the blockchain agreement. In practice, the first node 22 can set conditions by itself to search and obtain qualified data from the blockchain network 20. Please note that the above available data refers to data that has not yet been written in any block. .
  • the first node 22 may distribute the acquired pieces of data into a plurality of groups, and perform a block generation process on the data in the plurality of groups in parallel at the same time.
  • the number of groups can be determined by the first node 22, and the first node 22 can simultaneously execute a block generation program equivalent to the number of groups to perform hash operations on the data in each group in parallel.
  • the group is determined by the number of block generation procedures that the first node 22 can execute simultaneously.
  • the description of the debris is described later.
  • the process of performing step S12 by the first node 22 is detailed below.
  • the first node 22 may include a processor 220.
  • the first node 22 in this embodiment is a computer host or a device with logic operation capabilities, and the processor 220 may be a computer host or a central processing unit (CPU) of a device with logic operation capabilities.
  • the first node 22 may store a consistent hashing program and a block generating program.
  • the consistent hashing program may distribute the acquired data in various groups, and the block generating program may Processing the data in a group, including hashing each data.
  • the consistent hash calculation program and the block generation program can be established in the database or memory of the first node 22.
  • the processor 220 may calculate or learn from the historical data the computing power required by the processor 22 to execute a block generating program, and compare it with the total computing power of the processor 220 to obtain a location for executing a block generating program. Required CPU usage. In this way, the processor 220 can know the number of block generation programs that can be executed simultaneously, that is, the number of groups.
  • the processor 220 may execute a consistent hashing operation program to disperse the data into groups. Then, the processor 220 performs a block generation on each group. program.
  • the block generation program includes a hash calculation program. The data in each group can be hashed to obtain the hash value of these data.
  • the processor 220 may first obtain the required amount of data, and then disperse all the obtained data into each group, and simultaneously execute a corresponding number of block generation procedures to simultaneously process the data in each group.
  • the processor 220 may perform a consistent hash calculation procedure after obtaining a piece of data, and classify the piece of data into one of the groups, and then generate the data in a block corresponding to the group.
  • the program processes this information.
  • the processor 220 of the first node 22 may write the results of the block generation procedures performed by all the groups into a block to generate a new block, and This newly generated block can be connected to the last end of the originally stored blockchain in the first node 22.
  • the method in which the processor 220 of the first node 22 disperses multiple pieces of data and executes multiple block generation programs at the same time to perform parallel operation on all the data that is, a division of the block generation method of the present invention.
  • Shard mechanism In other words, the first node 22 can be further divided into a plurality of fragments, and each fragment executes a block generation program at the same time.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fragmentation mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the aforementioned first node 22 may generate a block chain C, and the block chain C includes a plurality of blocks B.
  • a block B may be generated by the processor 220 of the first node 22 in a plurality of block generating programs at the same time.
  • the first node 22 may be further divided into three fragments, which are respectively 2200, 2202, and 2204. To represent.
  • the division of the first node 22 into three fragments is not a physical or internal operation function divided into three parts, but rather means that the processor 220 can execute three block generation programs simultaneously, which is equivalent to the first node 22 separately.
  • Three fragments with arithmetic processing power may be determined according to the computing capability of the processor 220. For example, if a CPU or processor executes a block generation program, it takes 30% of the CPU usage. It can be known that this CPU can execute a maximum of 3 block generation programs at the same time, occupying 90% of the CPU usage, so The CPU may determine that the number of groups or fragments is three, that is, the situation where the specific embodiment is divided into three pieces.
  • the number of shards can be determined by the CPU or processor as the maximum number of shards (determined by the maximum computing power), or the number of shards can also be determined based on the upper limit of CPU usage. For example, the user can set the CPU usage of the node's processor to generate blocks to not exceed 70%. If a block generating program requires 30% of the CPU usage, the processor can divide into two fragments. The block generation process is performed at the same time.
  • the first node 22 may execute a block generation procedure on the divided three fragments 2200, 2202, and 2204 to perform hash operations on data in different groups to form a sub-block B0. , B1, and B2, and each sub-block contains the results of multiple pieces of data processed by the block generation program. Then, the first node 22 may generate a block B according to the results of the sub-blocks B0, B1, and B2.
  • the three fragments 2200, 2202, and 2204 of this embodiment can calculate three subblocks B0, B1, and B2, respectively, the three subblocks B0, B1, and B2 are not determined in the blockchain C
  • the block is a collection of results obtained through the calculation of the block generation program.
  • Block B is a new block that is actually connected to the end of the blockchain C.
  • the first node 22 generates only one block B in a time.
  • the first node 22 executes three block generation programs with three fragments at the same time, it can process three times the amount of data at the same time, so the speed of generating block B is faster, and the computing power of the processor or CPU is fully used .
  • the block network system 2 can prevent distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS) to a certain extent.
  • DDoS distributed denial of service attacks
  • a node or a computing device can be further divided into multiple fragments and process data in parallel. Even if a DDoS attack is encountered, the fragmentation mechanism can make the attack more dispersed and avoid system overload, so it can be further prevented DDoS attack.
  • the processor 220 of the first node 22 in FIG. 2 is divided into three fragments 2200, 2202, and 2204 for data processing, the practice is not limited to this. As mentioned earlier, depending on the computing power of the processor, it can also be divided into 2 fragments or more than 3 fragments.
  • the sharding mechanism can also determine the number of shards when generating new blocks. For example, although the previous block can be generated using three shards at the same time, when the new block is generated, Other high-priority procedures are in operation, and the first node 22 can be divided into two fragments or no fragments to generate new blocks.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a block generation method of a block network according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method in this specific embodiment may be executed after the method in FIG. 1A.
  • the block generation method of the block network of the specific embodiment includes the following steps: Step S30, the first node 22 generates a new block, and sends a broadcast of the corresponding block; Step S32, the second node 24 receives Broadcast, and confirm the block according to the broadcast; and step S34, when the predetermined number of second nodes 24 confirm the block, the block becomes a confirmed block.
  • step S30 after the aforementioned first node 22 generates a new block through the fragmentation mechanism, it can send a broadcast corresponding to the new block to the blockchain network 20.
  • the content of the broadcast contains information about the newly generated block, such as the creator code of the block (Block Proposer ID), the hash value of the block (Block Hash), the hash value of the previous block of the block ( Previous Block), creator signature (Signature), block height (Block height), and confirmation data (Acks).
  • each second node 24 can receive the broadcast from the first node 22 by the blockchain network 20, and confirm the block using the confirmation data in the broadcast.
  • the second node 24 may write the confirmation information in the foregoing broadcast into the new block when it generates a new block.
  • the second node 24 can have the same capabilities as the first node 22, so when the second node 24 generates a new block, it can also use the fragmentation mechanism as the first node 22 to effectively utilize its processing. Computing power.
  • the second node 24 can also send a broadcast corresponding to this block to other nodes on the blockchain network 20 after generating a new block.
  • the second node 24 that generates a new block and sends a broadcast, it is regarded as the first node 22 itself, and other nodes than itself are regarded as the second node 24.
  • each node can maintain its own block chain, and the blocks of different nodes 'blockchains can confirm each other, and the blocks of different nodes' blockchains can be further connected to each other to form a block network (Blocklattice). Guarantee the correctness of the block data.
  • each node since each node can be used as the first node to generate a new block and send a broadcast to other nodes, each node may receive multiple broadcasts from other nodes before generating a new block.
  • the multiple broadcasts and the acknowledgement data in the broadcast can also be distributed to multiple groups or fragments formed by this node, and each fragment can confirm the broadcasts in the corresponding group. Therefore, one node can also acknowledge multiple broadcasts from other nodes in parallel at the same time.
  • step S34 of FIG. 3 when the predetermined number of second nodes 24 confirms the broadcast sent by the first node 22, the block corresponding to the broadcast becomes a confirmed block and is stored in the first node 22.
  • the blockchain that connects this block to the end also becomes a confirmed blockchain.
  • the aforementioned predetermined number refers to two thirds of the total number of nodes or computing devices connected to the blockchain network 20.
  • the method for generating a block of a blockchain and the nodes in a block network system of the present invention can perform a sharding mechanism according to the computing capability of the node itself, and then can perform hash operations on multiple data in parallel to generate new blocks . This can improve the efficiency of node computing power usage, increase the speed of generating new blocks, prevent DDoS attacks, and maintain the stability of the blockchain network.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de génération de blocs basé sur un mécanisme de fragmentation pour un réseau de blocs, ainsi qu'un système de réseau de blocs. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : un premier nœud acquiert une pluralité d'entrées de données d'après un protocole de chaîne de blocs (S10); le nœud distribue les données à une pluralité de groupes et exécute, en parallèle, un processus de génération de blocs par rapport aux données dans les groupes respectifs; et le premier nœud génère un nouveau bloc en fonction des résultats de fonctionnement de tous les groupes (S14). Le procédé de génération de blocs pour un réseau de blocs, ainsi que le système de réseau de blocs, permettent une utilisation efficace de la capacité de fonctionnement d'un nœud, et permettent une prévention efficace d'attaques par déni de service.
PCT/CN2018/106090 2018-09-18 2018-09-18 Procédé de génération de bloc basé sur un mécanisme de fragmentation pour un réseau de blocs, et système de réseau de blocs WO2020056570A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2018/106090 WO2020056570A1 (fr) 2018-09-18 2018-09-18 Procédé de génération de bloc basé sur un mécanisme de fragmentation pour un réseau de blocs, et système de réseau de blocs
TW107133149A TWI677220B (zh) 2018-09-18 2018-09-20 應用分片機制之區塊網的區塊產生方法及區塊網系統

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