WO2020048187A2 - 三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置及方法 - Google Patents

三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2020048187A2
WO2020048187A2 PCT/CN2019/092316 CN2019092316W WO2020048187A2 WO 2020048187 A2 WO2020048187 A2 WO 2020048187A2 CN 2019092316 W CN2019092316 W CN 2019092316W WO 2020048187 A2 WO2020048187 A2 WO 2020048187A2
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WIPO (PCT)
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sample
cylinder
pressure
triaxial tester
shrinkable tube
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PCT/CN2019/092316
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2020048187A3 (zh
Inventor
张茹
吴世勇
张泽天
高明忠
周济芳
任利
杜成波
张朝鹏
艾婷
刘洋
谢晶
覃黎
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四川大学
雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司
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Publication of WO2020048187A2 publication Critical patent/WO2020048187A2/zh
Publication of WO2020048187A3 publication Critical patent/WO2020048187A3/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to an indoor experimental simulation device and method for performing mechanical behavior of geological faults with a triaxial tester.
  • the present invention provides an indoor experimental simulation device and method for performing mechanical behavior of geological faults with a triaxial tester.
  • an indoor experimental simulation device for the mechanical behavior of geological faults with a triaxial tester comprising a support frame, three sets of oil cylinders are arranged on the support frame and the cylinder axes are orthogonally arranged, and the left oil cylinder It is coaxial with the right cylinder and the cylinder rod is close to the center of the support frame; the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are coaxial and the cylinder rod is close to the center of the support frame; the front cylinder and the rear cylinder are coaxial and the cylinder rod is close to the center of the support frame;
  • the left end of the cylinder of the left cylinder is provided with a left pressure block vertically, and the right end of the cylinder of the right cylinder is provided with a right pressure block.
  • the upper end of the cylinder rod of the upper cylinder is provided with an upper block vertically, the lower end of the cylinder rod of the lower cylinder is provided with a lower block, the front end of the cylinder rod of the front cylinder is provided with a front block, and the rear end of the cylinder rod is provided with a rear pressure. Piece.
  • all the pressure blocks are provided with inner tapered holes near the central surface of the support frame, one end of the water through hole penetrates the inner tapered hole, the other end extends to the surface of the pressure block, and the water through hole is provided with a connection thread near the end of the surface of the pressure block.
  • connection pressure plate is also provided, and an outer cone boss having the same taper as the taper of the inner cone hole is provided on the surface of the connection pressure plate.
  • the axis of the outer cone boss is provided with a water hole passing through the center of the connection pressure plate, and the outer cone is convex.
  • a sealing groove is arranged on the table cone surface, so a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing groove, and a radiation guide groove connected to the central water hole is provided on the opposite surface of the connecting platen and the outer cone boss.
  • it further comprises a heat-shrinkable tube and a locking ring
  • the connecting pressure plate is attached to the end surface of the sample
  • an outer cone boss surface is set away from the sample
  • a heat-shrinkable tube is set on the side surface of the sample
  • the heat-shrinkable tube is entirely covered
  • a locking ring is provided on the side of the sample and the connection platen, and on the surface of the heat-shrinkable tube corresponding to the connection platen.
  • connection pressure plate two pieces are provided, which are respectively disposed on the opposite surfaces of the sample, and the two pieces of the heat shrinkable tube outside the connection plate are respectively provided with locking rings.
  • annular guide groove is further provided on a surface of the connection pressure plate where the radiation guide groove is provided, and the annular guide groove crosses the radiation guide.
  • sealing ring is an O-ring.
  • oil cylinder is a plunger type oil cylinder.
  • the invention also provides a laboratory experiment simulation method for the mechanical behavior of geological faults using a triaxial tester, including the following steps:
  • connection pressure plate Cover the surface of the sample with the connection pressure plate with a guide groove through which the liquid can pass, so that the liquid in the guide groove contacts the sample surface;
  • the heat shrinkable tube is sleeved on the side of the sample, and the heat shrinkable tube is contracted by heating. After the heat shrinkable tube is contracted, the sample and the side of the connection plate are entirely covered;
  • the particle size after the rock block is broken in step S3 is: 125 ⁇ m to 16 mm.
  • the cementitious materials are clay and cement.
  • the indoor experimental simulation device for the mechanical behavior of geological faults of the triaxial tester of the present invention can introduce water to the surface of the sample by providing a guide groove on the connection platen.
  • the triaxial tester applies pressure in three directions, it can Different stresses are generated in the sample in three directions, and the stress state of the sample can be changed by adjusting the pressure in each direction.
  • the pressure of the water applied to the surface of the sample in the guide groove can be adjusted to simulate the state of nature.
  • the axial tester of the present invention performs an indoor experimental simulation method for the mechanical behavior of geological faults.
  • the test results are largely close to the natural state.
  • the rock block selected in the crushing zone is used to break and add the cement material to fill the sample crack, which more realistically simulates the natural state.
  • the rock block selected in the crushing zone is used to break and add the cement material to fill the sample crack, which more realistically simulates the natural state.
  • the three sets of indenters of the triaxial tester realize a three-way unequal stress environment, and by connecting the guide grooves on the pressure plate to simulate the seepage field in the real situation, an indoor test simulation of the stress-seepage environment where the fault is located can be realized.
  • the laboratory experimental simulation method for the mechanical behavior of geological faults by the axis tester of the present invention can simulate the three-way unequal stress state of the rock mass containing faults and groundwater, and provides a new method for indoor research of rock masses containing faults and groundwater.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the pressing block.
  • Fig. 5 is a B-B cross section of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a connection platen.
  • Fig. 7 is a C-C section of Fig. 6
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the pressing block and the connecting pressing plate.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the combination of a sample and a connection plate.
  • FIGs. 1 to 9 an apparatus and method for simulating the mechanical behavior of geological faults in a triaxial tester according to the present invention.
  • the solution adopted by the present invention is: an indoor experimental simulation device for the mechanical behavior of geological faults with a triaxial tester, including a support frame 4, three sets of oil cylinders are arranged on the support frame 4, and the cylinder axes are orthogonally arranged,
  • the left cylinder 11 and the right cylinder 12 are coaxial and the cylinder rod is close to the center of the support frame 4, the upper cylinder 22 and the lower cylinder 21 are coaxial and the cylinder rod is close to the center of the support frame 4.
  • the front cylinder 31 and the rear cylinder 32 are coaxial and the cylinder rod is close to the support.
  • the left end of the cylinder rod of the left cylinder 11 is provided with a left pressure block vertically, and the right end of the cylinder rod of the right cylinder 12 is provided with a right pressure block,
  • the upper end of the cylinder rod of the upper cylinder 22 is provided with an upper block 2203 vertically
  • the lower end of the cylinder rod of the lower cylinder 21 is provided with a lower block 2103
  • the front end of the cylinder rod of the front cylinder 31 is provided with a front block 3103
  • the cylinder of the rear cylinder 32 A rear end block 3203 is vertically arranged at the rod end.
  • all the pressure blocks are provided with an inner cone hole 6 near the center surface of the support frame 4, one end of the water passing hole 7 penetrates the inner cone hole 6, and the other end extends to the surface of the press block, and the water passing hole 7 is close to the end of the surface of the press block.
  • Set the connection thread 8 8.
  • connection pressure plate 5 is further provided.
  • An outer cone boss 55 having the same taper as the taper of the inner cone hole 6 is provided on the surface of the connection pressure plate 5, and the axial center of the outer cone boss 55 is provided through the center of the connection pressure plate 5.
  • Water hole 51, a sealing groove 56 is provided on the tapered surface of the outer conical boss 55, and a sealing ring 67 is provided in the sealing groove 56.
  • the opposite surface of the connecting platen 5 and the outer conical boss 55 is provided with a radiation guide connected to the central water hole 51. Slot 52.
  • water By setting the inner taper hole 6 on the pressure block, and then cooperating with the connection pressure plate 5, water can be introduced to the surface of the sample 10, or water with a certain pressure can be introduced, which can change the experimental conditions.
  • connection pressure plate 5 is attached to the end surface of the sample 10, and the surface of the outer cone boss 55 is set away from the sample 10, and a heat-shrinkable tube is provided on the side surface of the sample 10. 11.
  • the heat shrinkable tube 11 covers the sample 10 and the side of the connection platen 5 as a whole, and a locking ring 9 is provided on the surface of the heat shrinkable tube 11 at a position corresponding to the connection platen 5.
  • the side surface of the sample 10 is also covered with a heat shrinkable tube 11, and a locking ring 9 is added at the place contacting the connection plate 5, which can further improve the sealing effect.
  • connection pressure plate 5 two pieces are provided, which are respectively disposed on the opposite surfaces of the sample 10, and the two surfaces of the heat shrinkable tube 11 outside the connection pressure plate 5 are respectively provided with a locking ring 9.
  • the connecting platen 5 may be separately provided to one surface of the sample 10 or may be provided to two opposite surfaces of the sample 10. When the experiment is actually performed, the connecting platen 5 can be placed on the upper and lower sides, and if necessary, the connecting platen 5 can be placed on the left and right or front and rear positions.
  • connection pressure plate 5 where the radiation guide groove 52 is provided is further provided with an annular guide groove, and the annular guide groove crosses the radiation guide.
  • Adding an annular guide groove can increase the contact area between water and the sample 10, and one or more annular guide grooves can be provided as required.
  • sealing ring 67 is an O-ring.
  • oil cylinder is a plunger type oil cylinder.
  • the upper oil cylinder consists of an upper cylinder tube 2201 and an upper cylinder rod 2202 to form a plunger type oil cylinder.
  • the invention also provides a laboratory experiment simulation method for the mechanical behavior of geological faults using a triaxial tester, including the following steps:
  • cutting tools such as wire cutters, water jets, and laser knives can be used to obtain simulated fault fracture surfaces with different roughness. If you want to randomly obtain simulated fault fracture surfaces with different roughness, The complete rock block can be compressed and sheared out by using a compression shearing machine to simulate a random fracture surface with random roughness.
  • the selected rock block in the crushing zone is crushed.
  • the crushed rock chip is added to the cementing material and filled into the crack of the sample 10 of the sample 10 to form the sample 10.
  • the filling thickness can be calculated according to the ratio of the simulated fault size to the actual fault size.
  • the filling thickness can be calculated according to the ratio of the simulated fault size to the actual fault size.
  • connection pressure plate 5 After the connection pressure plate 5 is in contact with the pressure block, the outer cone boss 55 on the connection pressure plate 5 cooperates with the inner cone hole 6 on the pressure block, and at the same time, it has the sealing effect of the O-shaped seal ring 67.
  • the water in the water through hole 7 in the pressure block can enter the surface of the connection pressure plate 5 without leaking out.
  • the thread at the end of the through-hole 7 is convenient to connect with the water source.
  • the particle size after the rock block is broken in step S3 is: 125 ⁇ m to 16 mm.
  • the crushed particle size can be selected from 8 to 16 mm for medium gravel, 4 to 8 mm for fine gravel, 2 to 4 mm for very fine gravel, 1 to 2 mm for extremely coarse sand, 1/2 to 1 mm for coarse sand, 1 / 4 ⁇ 1 / 2mm is medium sand 125 ⁇ 250 ⁇ m fine sand 62.5 ⁇ 125 ⁇ m ultrafine sand.
  • the granularity of the selected rock mass can be performed as required, and can be determined according to the fault to be simulated, and the ratio of the actual fault width to the sample fault width can be taken as 0.0002.
  • the cementitious materials are clay and cement. Generally, the weight ratio of clay to cement can be taken from 1: 0.1 to 100.

Abstract

本发明属于岩土工程技术领域，具体是一种三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置及方法。本发明的三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，通过在连接压板上设置导槽，可以把水引入到试样表面，当三轴测试仪在三个方向施加压力时，可以使试样在三个方向上产生不同的应力，调节各个方向压力可以改变试样的应力状态。在实验过程中，可以调节导槽内施加到试样表面的水的压力，从而模拟自然界状态。本发明的实验方法，三轴测试仪的三组压头实现三向不等应力环境，并通过连接压板上的导槽模拟真实情况下的渗流场，即可实现对现实断层所处应力-渗流环境的室内试验模拟。

Description

三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于岩土工程技术领域，具体是一种三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置及方法。
背景技术
对于矿物资源开采、石油页岩气开采等地下岩石工程来说，由于断层构造运动的影响，断裂面附近会伴随着节理裂隙发育、岩体风化以及地下水发育等问题。处于地下的岩体受到水平方向构造应力的作用会产生断裂和破坏，两侧岩体沿断裂面出现明显的错动，此断裂面通常被称为岩体断层构造，断层面附近往往会伴随着节理裂隙发育和地下水渗流作用的影响，且断层所处应力环境为三向不等应力状态。目前对不同分形维数断层进行实验还没有一种有效的方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术中上述的不足，本实发明提供了一种三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置及方法。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的解决方案是：一种三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，包括支撑架，支撑架上设置三组油缸且油缸轴线正交设置，左油缸与右油缸同轴且缸杆靠近支撑架中心，上油缸与下油缸同轴且缸杆靠近支撑架中心，前油缸与后油缸同轴且缸杆靠近支撑架中心；
左油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置左压块，右油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置右压块，
上油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置上压块，下油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置下压块，前油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置前压块，后油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置后压块。
进一步地，所述所有压块靠近支撑架中心表面设置内锥孔，通水孔一端与内锥孔贯通， 另一端延伸到压块表面，通水孔靠近压块表面端部设置连接螺纹。
进一步地，还设置连接压板，所述连接压板表面设置锥度与所述内锥孔锥度相同的外锥凸台，所述外锥凸台轴心设置贯穿连接压板的中心过水孔，外锥凸台锥面上设置密封槽，所这密封槽内设置密封圈，连接压板与外锥凸台相对表面设置与中心过水孔连接的放射导槽。
进一步地，还包括热缩管和锁紧环，所述连接压板与试样端表面贴合，设置外锥凸台表面远离试样，试样侧表面设置热缩管，热缩管整体包覆试样和连接压板侧面，热缩管表面与连接压板对应位置设置锁紧环。
进一步地，连接压板设置两件，分别设置于试样相对表面，两件连接压板外的热缩管表面分别设置锁紧环。
进一步地，连接压板设置放射导槽的表面还设置有环形导槽，所述环形导槽与放射导交叉。
进一步地，所述密封圈为O形圈。
进一步地，所述油缸为柱塞式油缸。
本发明还提供了一种三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，选取需要模拟的断层岩体和断层破碎带岩体，从断层周围和破碎带中选取岩块试样；
S2，对断层周围所取得岩块试样进行切割，形成试样毛坯，所述试样毛坯为立方体形，且切割出试样裂隙；
S3，将破碎带中选取的岩块破碎，将破碎后的岩石碎块加入胶结材料，充填至试样毛坯的试样裂隙中形成试样；
S4，将表面带有可使液体通过的导槽的连接压板覆盖到试样表面，使导槽内的液体与试样表面接触；
S5，将热缩管套设到试样侧面，加热使热缩管收缩，热缩管收缩后整体包覆试样和连接压板侧面；
S6，在热缩管表面安装锁紧环使热缩管紧贴连接压板侧面形成二次密封；
S7，将试样安装于三轴测试仪，加载三组正交正压力；
S8，在连接压板导槽中加入水，调整三轴测试仪压力进行实验。
进一步地，S3步中岩块破碎后的粒度为：125μm到16mm。
所述胶结材料为黏土和水泥。
本发明的三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，通过在连接压板上设置导槽，可以把水引入到试样表面，当三轴测试仪在三个方向施加压力时，可以使试样在三个方向上产生不同的应力，调节各个方向压力可以改变试样的应力状态。在实验过程中，可以调节导槽内施加到试样表面的水的压力，从而模拟自然界状态。
本发明的轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟方法。通过选取需要模拟的断层岩体和断层破碎带岩体，从断层周围和破碎带中选取岩块试样，使所测试的结果大限度地接近自然状态。通过对试样进行切割，形成试样裂隙，同时采用破碎带中选取的岩块破碎加入胶结材料后对试样裂隙进行填充，更加真实地模拟自然状态。通过对试样侧表面进行包覆，再让端面与水接触，最后对试样加载三个方向应力进行测试，可以模拟自然状态的岩体环境。
三轴测试仪的三组压头实现三向不等应力环境，并通过连接压板上的导槽模拟真实情况下的渗流场，即可实现对现实断层所处应力-渗流环境的室内试验模拟。
本发明的轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟方法能够模拟含断层含地下水岩体所处的三向不等应力状态，对含断层含地下水岩体的室内研究方法提供了一种新的思路。
附图说明
图1为本发明的示意图。
图2为图1的俯视图。
图3为图1的A-A剖。
图4为压块示意图。
图5为图4的B-B剖。
图6为连接压板示意图。
图7为图6的C-C剖
图8为压块与连接压板配合示意图。
图9为试样与连接压板结合示意图。
图中标记：
11-左油缸，12-右油缸，21-下油缸，22-上油缸，31-前油缸，32-后油缸，2201-上缸筒，2202-上缸杆，2203-上压块，3103-前压块，2103-下压块，3203-后压块，4，支撑架，5-连接压板，51-中心过水孔，52-放射导槽，53-第一环槽，54-第二环槽，55-外锥凸台，56-密封槽，67-密封圈，6-内锥孔，7-通水孔，8-连接螺纹，9-锁紧环，10-试样，11-热缩管。
具体实施方式
结合图1到图9，本发明的一种三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置及方法。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的解决方案是：一种三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，包括支撑架4，支撑架4上设置三组油缸且油缸轴线正交设置，左油缸11与右油缸12同轴且缸杆靠近支撑架4中心，上油缸22与下油缸21同轴且缸杆靠近支撑架4中心，前油缸31与后油缸32同轴且缸杆靠近支撑架4中心；
左油缸11的缸杆端部垂直设置左压块，右油缸12的缸杆端部垂直设置右压块，
上油缸22的缸杆端部垂直设置上压块2203，下油缸21的缸杆端部垂直设置下压块2103，前油缸31的缸杆端部垂直设置前压块3103，后油缸32的缸杆端部垂直设置后压块3203。
进一步地，所述所有压块靠近支撑架4中心表面设置内锥孔6，通水孔7一端与内锥孔6贯通，另一端延伸到压块表面，通水孔7靠近压块表面端部设置连接螺纹8。
进一步地，还设置连接压板5，所述连接压板5表面设置锥度与所述内锥孔6锥度相同的外锥凸台55，所述外锥凸台55轴心设置贯穿连接压板5的中心过水孔51，外锥凸台55锥面上设置密封槽56，所这密封槽56内设置密封圈67，连接压板5与外锥凸台55相对表面设置与中心过水孔51连接的放射导槽52。
通过在压块上设置内锥孔6，再与连接压板5配合，可以把水引入到试样10表面，也可以引入带一定压力的水，这样可以改变实验条件。
进一步地，还包括热缩管11和锁紧环9，所述连接压板5与试样10端表面贴合，设置外锥凸台55表面远离试样10，试样10侧表面设置热缩管11，热缩管11整体包覆试样10和连接压板5侧面，热缩管11表面与连接压板5对应位置设置锁紧环9。
为了使试样10在进行测试时水不会溢出，还对试样10侧表面用热缩管11进行包覆，在与连接压板5接触的地方增加锁紧环9，可以进一步地提高密封效果。
进一步地，连接压板5设置两件，分别设置于试样10相对表面，两件连接压板5外的热缩管11表面分别设置锁紧环9。
连接压板5可以单独设置到试样10的一个表面，也可以设置到试样10的两个相对表面。在实际进行实验的时候，可以让连接压板5处于上下两个面的位置，如果有需要也可以让连接压板5处于左右或前后面的位置。
进一步地，连接压板5设置放射导槽52的表面还设置有环形导槽，所述环形导槽与放射导交叉。
增加设置环形导槽，可以增加水与试样10的接触面积，可以根据需要设置一个环形或多个环形导槽。
进一步地，所述密封圈67为O形圈。
进一步地，所述油缸为柱塞式油缸。
如图3所示，上油缸由上缸筒2201和上缸杆2202组成柱塞式油缸。
本发明还提供了一种三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，选取需要模拟的断层岩体和断层破碎带岩体，从断层周围和破碎带中选取岩块试样10；
S2，对断层周围所取得岩块试样10进行切割，形成试样10毛坯，所述试样10毛坯为立方体形，且切割出试样10裂隙；
在进行切割的时候若对断层表面粗糙程度具有要求可选用钢丝刀、水刀、激光刀等切割 工具进行切割得到不同粗糙程度的模拟断层断裂面；若想随机得到不同粗糙程度模拟断层断裂面，则可通过压剪机器将完整岩块压剪出随机粗糙程度的模拟断裂面即可。
S3，将破碎带中选取的岩块破碎，将破碎后的岩石碎块加入胶结材料，充填至试样10毛坯的试样10裂隙中形成试样10；
充填厚度可依据模拟断层尺寸和实际断层尺寸的比例计算得到，在进行试样10毛坯制作的时候就需要根据需要制作出适当的试样10裂隙宽度。可以通过不同切割方式和不同充填材料来制作不同分形维数的模拟断层试样10。
S4，将表面带有可使液体通过的导槽的连接压板5覆盖到试样10表面，使导槽内的液体与试样10表面接触；
S5，将热缩管11套设到试样10侧面，加热使热缩管11收缩，热缩管11收缩后整体包覆试样10和连接压板5侧面；
通过在侧表面增加热缩管11，使整个渗流系统处于密封状态。
S6，在热缩管11表面安装锁紧环9使热缩管11紧贴连接压板5侧面形成二次密封；
结合图8，连接压板5与压块接触后，连接压板5上的外锥凸台55与压块上的内锥孔6配合，同时还有O形密封圈67的密封作用。压块内的通水孔7中的水可以进入到连接压板5表面，且不会渗漏出来。通水孔7端部的螺纹方便与水源连接。
S7，将试样10安装于三轴测试仪，加载三组正交正压力；
S8，在连接压板5导槽中加入水，调整三轴测试仪压力进行实验。
进一步地，S3步中岩块破碎后的粒度为：125μm到16mm。
在进行实验的时候，破碎后的粒度可以选8～16mm为中砾，4～8mm为细砾，2～4mm为极细砾，1～2mm极粗砂，1/2～1mm粗砂，1/4～1/2mm为中砂125～250μm细砂62.5～125μm极细砂。
所选取的岩块破碎后的粒度可以根据需要进行，可以根据想要模拟的断层所确定，可以取用实际断层宽度与试样断层宽度比值为0.0002取用。
所述胶结材料为黏土和水泥。通常，黏土与水泥重量比可以取1:0.1～100.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，其特征是，包括支撑架，支撑架上设置三组油缸且油缸轴线正交设置，左油缸与右油缸同轴且缸杆靠近支撑架中心，上油缸与下油缸同轴且缸杆靠近支撑架中心，前油缸与后油缸同轴且缸杆靠近支撑架中心；
    左油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置左压块，右油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置右压块，
    上油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置上压块，下油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置下压块，前油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置前压块，后油缸的缸杆端部垂直设置后压块。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，其特征是，所述所有压块靠近支撑架中心表面设置内锥孔，通水孔一端与内锥孔贯通，另一端延伸到压块表面，通水孔靠近压块表面端部设置连接螺纹。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，其特征是，还设置连接压板，所述连接压板表面设置锥度与所述内锥孔锥度相同的外锥凸台，所述外锥凸台轴心设置贯穿连接压板的中心过水孔，外锥凸台锥面上设置密封槽，所这密封槽内设置密封圈，连接压板与外锥凸台相对表面设置与中心过水孔连接的放射导槽。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，其特征是，还包括热缩管和锁紧环，所述连接压板与试样端表面贴合，设置外锥凸台表面远离试样，试样侧表面设置热缩管，热缩管整体包覆试样和连接压板侧面，热缩管表面与连接压板对应位置设置锁紧环。
  5. 根据权利要求5所述的三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，其特征是，连接压板设置两件，分别设置于试样相对表面，两件连接压板外的热缩管表面分别设置锁紧环。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，其特征是，连接压板设置放射导槽的表面还设置有环形导槽，所述环形导槽与放射导交叉。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，其特征是，所述密封圈为O形圈。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟装置，其特征是，所述油缸为柱塞式油缸。
  9. 一种三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟方法，其特征是以下步骤：
    S1，选取需要模拟的断层岩体和断层破碎带岩体，从断层周围和破碎带中选取岩块试样；
    S2，对断层周围所取得岩块试样进行切割，形成试样毛坯，所述试样毛坯为立方体形，且切割出试样裂隙；
    S3，将破碎带中选取的岩块破碎，将破碎后的岩石碎块加入胶结材料，充填至试样毛坯的试样裂隙中形成试样；
    S4，将表面带有可使液体通过的导槽的连接压板覆盖到试样表面，使导槽内的液体与试样表面接触；
    S5，将热缩管套设到试样侧面，加热使热缩管收缩，热缩管收缩后整体包 覆试样和连接压板侧面；
    S6，在热缩管表面安装锁紧环使热缩管紧贴连接压板侧面形成二次密封；
    S7，将试样安装于三轴测试仪，加载三组正交正压力；
    S8，在连接压板导槽中加入水，调整三轴测试仪压力进行实验。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的三轴测试仪进行地质断层力学行为的室内实验模拟方法，其特征是，S3步中岩块破碎后的粒度为：125μm到16mm。
    所述胶结材料为黏土和水泥。
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