WO2020048095A1 - 一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法 - Google Patents

一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法 Download PDF

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WO2020048095A1
WO2020048095A1 PCT/CN2019/075863 CN2019075863W WO2020048095A1 WO 2020048095 A1 WO2020048095 A1 WO 2020048095A1 CN 2019075863 W CN2019075863 W CN 2019075863W WO 2020048095 A1 WO2020048095 A1 WO 2020048095A1
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coal
reserved
coal pillar
pillars
pillar
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French (fr)
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周楠
王佳奇
张吉雄
孙凯
李猛
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Priority to US16/603,832 priority Critical patent/US11313226B2/en
Priority to RU2019133182A priority patent/RU2744499C1/ru
Priority to AU2019226144A priority patent/AU2019226144B2/en
Publication of WO2020048095A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020048095A1/zh
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/005—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material characterised by the material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/02—Non-telescopic props
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of coal pillar recovery, and particularly relates to a method for recovering coal pillars with an internal injection replacement type support room, and is particularly suitable for room type coal pillar replacement support and recovery with a width to height ratio of more than 0.6 left over from coal mining.
  • China's housing mining methods are mostly applied in the northwestern region, and are mainly concentrated in mining areas where resources such as Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Shanxi are widely distributed, geological structures are simple, and coal seams are shallow.
  • room coal pillars have the characteristics of low investment, simple management and high production efficiency, the remaining coal pillars after mining will directly affect the mine safety and threaten the surrounding ecological environment. Recycling room mining coal pillars can simultaneously solve the problems of waste of coal resources, ecological environment and geological disasters.
  • the domestic room coal pillar recovery methods are mainly divided into traditional recovery methods and filling recovery methods.
  • traditional recovery methods such as split-pillar and warehouse-wing recovery methods have low recovery rates and low mechanization.
  • Filling recovery methods such as throwing material Filling recovery and comprehensive mechanized filling recovery require a large amount of filling material costs and equipment investment costs.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an internal injection alternative room coal pillar recovery method with simple operation and high resource recovery rate.
  • An internal injection alternative supporting room coal pillar recovery method includes the following steps:
  • the aspect ratio of the room coal pillar is greater than 0.6.
  • step 1) according to the calculation result of the mechanical model of the reserved coal pillar in the supporting and overburden stage, the displacement and force of the roof of the reserved coal pillar in the supporting stage are obtained;
  • the criterion for judging the ultimate strength of retained coal pillars is to obtain the theoretical reserved width of reserved coal pillars.
  • the room coal pillars are divided into reserved coal pillars and pre-mined coal pillars.
  • x distance from any point on the foundation surface to the origin of the half-plane coordinate, m;
  • d 1 , d 2 , d 3 , and d 4 . . . d 12 constant coefficient
  • the parameters d 1 to d 12 are obtained .
  • M 1 (x), M 2 (x), and M 3 (x) refspectively x in [0, a], [a, a + b], [a + b, a + b + c] Bending moment of section roof, m;
  • the width b of the reserved coal pillar must meet both the first strength theory of the roof and the limit strength theory of the coal pillar, that is, the minimum reserved width b 1 greater than or equal to the first strength theory of the roof and the theoretical maximum strength of the coal pillar are simultaneously satisfied.
  • the minimum reserved width b 2 specific steps are as follows d, e:
  • step 2) the continuous coal mining machine is used to recover the pre-mined coal pillars, and the mined coal is transported to the belt conveyor by a forklift, and the belt conveyor is transported out of the mining area.
  • step 3 the block wall is piled to block the reserved coal pillar gap, and a filling pump is used to pump the cemented filling material to the goaf area of the room coal pillar through the pumping port left on the block wall. Perform filling.
  • the method for recovering coal pillars with an internal injection replacement support type provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for legacy coal with an aspect ratio greater than 0.6 after room mining
  • the column is safe, efficient, and low-cost to recover.
  • Cemented filling materials are used to replace the remaining coal pillars for support.
  • the recovery cost is also reduced.
  • cemented filling materials instead of coal pillar support can effectively support the overlying rock layer, prevent the increase of water-conducting fissures and large-scale leakage of surface water, and reduce the impact of room-type coal pillar recovery on surface water and surrounding ecological environment;
  • the use of cemented filling materials to replace room coal pillar support also reduces the risk of fire and spontaneous combustion in the goaf.
  • the method is convenient, reliable, and applicable, and has a wide application prospect.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of the layout of a coal mining face of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of calculating a width of a reserved coal pillar according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the recovery state of the internal injection alternative room coal pillar of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of the bending moment of the roof of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph of pressure of coal pillars according to the present invention.
  • the invention discloses a method for recovering an internal injection-supported room coal pillar.
  • a room coal pillar with an aspect ratio greater than 0.6 is divided into a reserved coal pillar and a pre-mined coal pillar.
  • cement filling material is injected into the goaf area surrounded by the reserved coal pillar. After it is stabilized, it replaces the coal pillar for support, and then recovers the reserved coal pillar.
  • the mechanical model of the reserved coal pillar during the support and overburden stage is obtained from the displacement and force of the roof in the reserved coal pillar support stage.
  • the theoretical reserved width of the reserved coal pillar is obtained.
  • the method can not only efficiently recover precious coal resources and reduce waste of coal resources, but also can effectively support overlying rock formations and prevent a series of mine safety problems.
  • An internal injection replacement support room coal pillar recovery method of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1, the coal mining working surface is arranged in a plan view. During the recovery of room coal pillars with an aspect ratio greater than 0.6, according to the reserved coal The calculation results of the mechanical model of the pillar (2) during the support and overburden stage divide the room coal pillar (1) into the reserved coal pillar (2) and the pre-mined coal pillar (3), and the gap of the reserved coal pillar (4) is opened.
  • the continuous coal mining machine (7) is used to mine the pre-mined coal pillar (3), and the mined coal is transported to the belt conveyor by a forklift (8), which is transported out of the mining area by the belt conveyor (9); mining After emptying the pre-mined coal pillar (3), the blocking wall (5) is piled up to block the reserved coal pillar gap (4), and a filling pump is used to fill the cemented filling material through the pumping port left on the blocking wall (5). (6) Pumping to the large-scale room-type coal pillar mined-out area for filling. The filling is carried out in three times to ensure the stability of the plugging wall and ensure that the cemented filling material (6) is fully connected; the cemented filling material (6) is solidified. After stabilization, reclaim the reserved coal pillars (2).
  • the method for calculating the width of the reserved coal pillar (2) is as follows:
  • FIG. 4 The plan view of the recovery status of the internal injection alternative room coal pillar as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the half-plane of the room coal pillar (1) is cut for analysis.
  • the mechanical model of the pillar in the support and overburden stage sets the force of the overlying strata on the roof to a uniform load q
  • the foundation coefficient of the reserved coal pillar (2) is set to k
  • the adjacent room coal pillar (1) The spacing is c
  • the width of the reserved coal pillar is set to b
  • the width of the pre-mined coal pillar is set to a.
  • the total width of the room coal pillar is 2 (a + b).
  • x distance from any point on the foundation surface to the origin of the half-plane coordinate, m;
  • d 1 , d 2 , d 3 , and d 4 . . . d 12 constant coefficient
  • the parameters d 1 to d 12 can be obtained.
  • the width b of the reserved coal pillar (2) must satisfy both the first strength theory of the roof and the limit strength theory of the coal pillar, that is, the minimum reserved width b 1 that is greater than or equal to the first strength theory of the roof and the theory of the limit strength of the coal pillar
  • the top plate is simplified as a simple supported beam with an evenly distributed load q and a supporting load with width b 1 at the bottom.
  • the stress is:
  • the first strength of the reserved coal pillar (2) on the roof can be obtained according to the judgment condition of formula (iv).
  • the minimum reserved width of the reserved coal pillar (2) under the theoretical condition of the ultimate strength of the coal pillar is b 2 .
  • the roof thickness of the mine is 2m
  • mining height is 4m
  • coal pillar length is about 10m
  • coal house length is about 7m
  • roof elastic modulus is 0.9GPa
  • coal body foundation The coefficient is 2 ⁇ 10 6 N / m 3
  • the allowable tensile stress of the roof is 2.8 MPa
  • the ultimate strength of the reserved coal pillar is 49.3 MPa
  • formula (v) when the width of the reserved coal pillar is 3m, the bending moment distribution of the roof is shown in Figure 5.
  • the maximum tensile stress value of the roof is 2.2MPa, and the roof will not break, and the coal pillar is drawn.
  • the compression curve is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the combined force on the coal pillar at this time reaches 21.7 MPa.
  • the reserved coal pillar (2) is set to the width while meeting the theory of the ultimate strength of the coal pillar instability. The coal pillar (2) will not be damaged.

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Abstract

公开了一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，在回收房式煤柱过程中，将宽高比大于0.6的房式煤柱（1）划分为预留煤柱（2）与预采煤柱（3）两部分，预采煤柱（3）开采后向预留煤柱（2）所围采空区内注入胶结充填材料（6），待其稳固后替代煤柱进行支护，再回收预留煤柱（2）；基于温克尔梁理论建立预留煤柱在支护覆岩阶段的力学模型，得出预留煤柱支护阶段顶板的位移及受力情况。根据顶板第一强度理论与预留煤柱极限强度判别准则，得到预留煤柱的理论留设宽度。该方法不仅可高效回收宝贵的煤炭资源，减少煤炭资源的浪费，同时可有效支撑上覆岩层，防止一系列矿井安全问题。

Description

一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法 技术领域
本发明属于煤柱回收技术领域，具体涉及一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，尤其适用于煤矿采煤遗留的宽高比大于0.6的房式煤柱替代支护回收。
背景技术
我国房式开采方法大多应用于西北部地区，主要集中在陕西、内蒙古、山西等资源分布较广、地质构造简单、煤层赋存浅的矿区。虽然房式煤柱具有投资低、管理简单、生产效率高等特点，但开采后的遗留煤柱会直接影响矿井安全并威胁周遭生态环境。回收房式开采遗留煤柱可以同时解决煤炭资源浪费、生态环境与地质灾害等问题。
目前，国内房式煤柱回收方式主要分为传统回收方法与充填回收方法，其中传统回收方式诸如劈柱式与仓翼式回收等方式回收率不高、机械化程度低，充填回收方式诸如抛料充填回收与综合机械化充填回收等方式需要大量充填材料费用与设备投入费用。
因此，研究一种既能保证回收效率，又能保证顶板稳定且投资合理的房式煤柱回收方法已成为煤矿开采的重大技术难题。
发明内容
发明目的：为了解决房式开采后遗留煤柱安全高效、低成本回收的难题，本发明的目的是提供一种操作简单、资源回收率高的内注替代式房式煤柱回收方法。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将房式煤柱划分为外围的预留煤柱与内部的预采煤柱，所述预留煤柱的一边开设有一预留煤柱缺口；
2)通过预留煤柱缺口，对内部的预采煤柱进行回采；
3)预采煤柱开采完毕后，封堵预留煤柱缺口，向预留煤柱所围采空区内注入胶结充填材料进行充填；
4)待胶结充填材料稳固后替代煤柱进行支护，再回收预留煤柱。
进一步的，所述房式煤柱的宽高比大于0.6。
进一步的，步骤1)中，根据预留煤柱在支护覆岩阶段的力学模型计算结果，得出预留煤柱在支护阶段顶板位移及受力情况；根据顶板第一强度理论与预留煤柱极限强度 判别准则，得到预留煤柱的理论留设宽度，将房式煤柱划分为预留煤柱与预采煤柱。
进一步的，所述的预留煤柱的宽度计算方法流程如下：
a、截取房式煤柱半平面进行分析，将顶板所受上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q，预留煤柱的地基系数设为k，相邻房式煤柱间距为c，预留煤柱的宽度设置为b，预采煤柱的宽度设置为a，则房式煤柱的总宽度为2(a+b)；所分析区域内部顶板各段挠曲线微分方程为：
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000001
式中，EI—抗弯刚度，N/m；
x—地基表面任一点至半平面坐标原点距离，m；
ω 1(x),ω 2(x),ω 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的挠度，m；
b、求解公式(i)，令
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000002
得顶板的挠曲线方程：
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000003
式中，d 1,d 2,d 3,d 4。。。d 12—常数系数；
根据模型连续性条件及对称性边界条件，解得参数d 1～d 12；
c、求解得到顶板的弯矩方程：
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000004
式中，M 1(x)、M 2(x)、M 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的弯矩，m；
预留煤柱的宽度b要同时满足顶板第一强度理论与煤柱极限强度理论，即同时满足大于或等于顶板第一强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 1和煤柱极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 2；具体如以下d、e步骤：
d、将顶板简化为上覆均布载荷q、底部受宽度为b 1的支撑载荷的简支梁，分析得知，顶板所受最大弯矩M max发生在梁跨度中间偏离底部支撑载荷一侧，距模型原点x m＝a+b 1+3EI·d 9/q处，其值由式(iii)中M 3(x m)求得，则根据矩形截面梁理论，求得顶板最大拉应力为：
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000005
式中，h—顶板高度，m；
根据顶板第一强度理论，要使顶板不发生断裂，则应满足：
σ max≤[σ t]              (v)
式中，[σ t]—顶板许用拉应力，MPa；
已知相邻房式煤柱间距c与房式煤柱宽度为2(a+b)，根据式(iv)判断条件即求得预留煤柱在顶板第一强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 1；
e、同时预留煤柱在煤柱极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 2应满足自身不破坏，根据极限强度理论，应满足：
σF≤σ P             (vi)
式中，σ—作用在煤柱上的力，
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000006
m；
F—安全系数，取2；
σ p—预留煤柱极限强度，MPa；
由公式(vi)求得预留煤柱在煤柱极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度为b 2；
f、最终求得预留煤柱的最小留设宽度为b＝max{b 1，b 2}。
进一步的，步骤2)中，采用连续采煤机对预采煤柱进行回采，采出煤炭通过铲车运至带式输送机上，由带式输送机运出采区。
进一步的，步骤3)中，堆砌封堵墙封堵预留煤柱缺口，利用充填泵通过封堵墙上所留设的泵送口将胶结充填材料泵送至房式煤柱的采空区域进行充填。
有益效果：本发明提供的一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，与现有技术相比，具有以下优势：本发明尤其适用于房式开采后宽高比大于0.6的遗留煤柱的安全高效、低成本回收，利用胶结充填材料替代遗留煤柱进行支护，在保证安全的前提下，不仅回收了煤炭资源，而且降低了回收成本。另外，采用胶结充填材料代替煤柱支护，可以有效支撑上覆岩层，防止导水裂隙升高、地表水大面积渗漏，达到减弱房式煤柱回收对地表水、周遭生态环境的影响；同时，利用胶结充填材料替代房式煤柱支护，也降低采空区发火自燃等风险。该方法方便可靠、适用性强，具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明的采煤工作面布置平面图；
图2是本发明的预留煤柱的宽度的计算流程图；
图3是本发明的内注替代式房式煤柱回收状态平面图；
图4是本发明的预留煤柱在支护覆岩阶段的力学模型；
图5是本发明的顶板弯矩分布图；
图6是本发明的煤柱受压曲线图。
图中：1-房式煤柱；2-预留煤柱；3-预采煤柱；4-预留煤柱缺口；5-封堵墙；6-胶结充填材料；7-连续采煤机；8-铲车；9-带式输送机。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，在回收房式煤柱过程中，将宽高比大于0.6的房式煤柱划分为预留煤柱与预采煤柱两部分，预采煤柱开采后向预留煤柱所围采空区内注入胶结充填材料，待其稳固后替代煤柱进行支护，再回收预留煤柱；基于温克尔梁理论建立预留煤柱在支护覆岩阶段的力学模型，得出预留煤柱支护阶段顶板的位移及受力情况。根据顶板第一强度理论与预留煤柱极限强度判别准则，得到预留煤柱的理论留设宽度。本方法不仅可高效回收宝贵的煤炭资源，减少煤炭资源的浪费，同时可有效支撑上覆岩层，防止一系列矿井安全问题。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。
本发明的一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法：如图1所示的采煤工作面布置平面图，在回收宽高比大于0.6的房式煤柱过程中，根据预留煤柱(2)在支护覆岩阶段的力学模型计算结果将房式煤柱(1)划分为预留煤柱(2)与预采煤柱(3)，打开预留煤柱缺口(4)，采用连续采煤机(7)对预采煤柱(3)进行回采，采出煤炭通过铲车 (8)运至带式输送机上，由带式输送机(9)运出采区；采空预采煤柱(3)后，堆砌封堵墙(5)封堵预留煤柱缺口(4)，利用充填泵通过封堵墙(5)上所留设的泵送口将胶结充填材料(6)泵送至大型房式煤柱采空区域进行充填，充填分三次进行，确保封堵墙的稳定，并保证胶结充填材料(6)的充分接顶；待胶结充填材料(6)凝固稳定后，再回收预留煤柱(2)。
如图2所示，所述的预留煤柱(2)宽度计算方法流程如下：
a、如图3所示的内注替代式房式煤柱回收状态平面图，截取房式煤柱(1)半平面进行分析，根据如图4(a)、(b)所示的预留煤柱在支护覆岩阶段的力学模型，将顶板所受上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q，预留煤柱(2)的地基系数设为k，相邻房式煤柱(1)间距为c，预留煤柱宽度设置为b，预采煤柱宽度设置为a，则房式煤柱总宽度为2(a+b)所分析区域内部顶板各段挠曲线微分方程为：
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000007
式中，EI—抗弯刚度，N/m；
x—地基表面任一点至半平面坐标原点距离，m；
ω 1(x),ω 2(x),ω 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的挠度，m；
b、求解公式(i)令
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000008
可得顶板的挠曲线方程：
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000009
式中，d 1,d 2,d 3,d 4。。。d 12—常数系数；
根据模型连续性条件及对称性边界条件，可解得参数d 1～d 12。
c、进而求解得到顶板的弯矩方程：
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000010
式中，M 1(x)、M 2(x)、M 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的弯矩，m。
预留煤柱(2)的宽度b要同时满足顶板第一强度理论与煤柱极限强度理论，即同时满足大于或等于顶板第一强度理论条件的最小留设宽度b 1和煤柱极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 2；具体如以下d、e步骤：
d、将顶板简化为上覆均布载荷q、底部受宽度为b 1的支撑载荷的简支梁，分析可知，顶板所受最大弯矩M max发生在梁跨度中间偏离底部支撑载荷一侧，距模型原点(x m＝a+b 1+3EI·d 9/q)处，其值可由式(iii)中M 3(x m)求得，则根据矩形截面梁理论，求得顶板最大拉应力为：
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000011
式中，h—顶板高度，m；
根据据第一强度理论，要使顶板不发生断裂，则应满足：
σ max≤[σ t]               (v)
式中，[σ t]—顶板许用拉应力，MPa；
已知相邻房式煤柱(1)间距c与房式煤柱宽度为2(a+b)，根据式(iv)判断条件即可求得预留煤柱(2)在顶板第一强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 1。
e、同时预留煤柱(2)在煤柱极限强度理论条件下的的最小留设宽度b 2应满足自身不破坏，根据极限强度理论，应满足：
σF≤σ P              (vi)
式中，σ—作用在煤柱上的力
Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-000012
m；
F—安全系数，取2；
σ p—预留煤柱极限强度，Mpa；
由公式(vi)求得预留煤柱(2)在煤柱极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度为b 2。
最终，可得预留煤柱(2)的最小留设宽度b＝max{b 1，b 2}。
实施例
根据以上求解方法，结合西北地区某矿地质条件为例，该矿顶板厚度2m、采高4m、煤柱长度约为10m、煤房长度约为7m、顶板弹性模量为0.9GPa、煤体地基系数2×10 6N/m 3、顶板许用拉应力2.8MPa、预留煤柱极限强度49.3MPa，取均布载荷q＝2MPa。经式(v)判断，当预留煤柱宽度取3m时，顶板弯矩分布如图5所示，此时顶板所受最大拉应力值达2.2MPa，顶板不会破断，并绘制出煤柱受压曲线图，见图6，通过式(vi)可知，此时作用煤柱上的合力达到21.7MPa，当前预留煤柱(2)留设宽度同时满足煤柱失稳极限强度理论，预留煤柱(2)同样不会破坏。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    1)将房式煤柱(1)划分为外围的预留煤柱(2)与内部的预采煤柱(3)，所述预留煤柱(2)的一边开设有一预留煤柱缺口(4)；
    2)通过预留煤柱缺口(4)，对内部的预采煤柱(3)进行回采；
    3)预采煤柱(3)开采完毕后，封堵预留煤柱缺口(4)，向预留煤柱(2)所围采空区内注入胶结充填材料(6)进行充填；
    4)待胶结充填材料(6)稳固后替代煤柱进行支护，再回收预留煤柱(2)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：所述房式煤柱(1)的宽高比大于0.6。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中，根据预留煤柱(2)在支护覆岩阶段的力学模型计算结果，得出预留煤柱在支护阶段顶板位移及受力情况；根据顶板第一强度理论与预留煤柱极限强度判别准则，得到预留煤柱的理论留设宽度，将房式煤柱(1)划分为预留煤柱(2)与预采煤柱(3)。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：所述的预留煤柱(2)的宽度计算方法流程如下：
    a、截取房式煤柱(1)半平面进行分析，将顶板所受上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q，预留煤柱(2)的地基系数设为k，相邻房式煤柱(1)间距为c，预留煤柱(2)的宽度设置为b，预采煤柱(3)的宽度设置为a，则房式煤柱(1)的总宽度为2(a+b)；所分析区域内部顶板各段挠曲线微分方程为：
    Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-100001
    式中，EI—抗弯刚度，N/m；
    x—地基表面任一点至半平面坐标原点距离，m；
    ω 1(x),ω 2(x),ω 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的挠度，m；
    b、求解公式(i)，令
    Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-100002
    得顶板的挠曲线方程：
    Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-100003
    式中，d 1,d 2,d 3,d 4。。。d 12—常数系数；
    根据模型连续性条件及对称性边界条件，解得参数d 1～d 12；
    c、求解得到顶板的弯矩方程：
    Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-100004
    式中，M 1(x)、M 2(x)、M 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的弯矩，m；
    预留煤柱(2)的宽度b要同时满足顶板第一强度理论与煤柱极限强度理论，即同时满足大于或等于顶板第一强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 1和煤柱极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 2；具体如以下d、e步骤：
    d、将顶板简化为上覆均布载荷q、底部受宽度为b 1的支撑载荷的简支梁，分析得知，顶板所受最大弯矩M max发生在梁跨度中间偏离底部支撑载荷一侧，距模型原点x m＝a+b 1+3EI·d 9/q处，其值由式(iii)中M 3(x m)求得，则根据矩形截面梁理论，求得顶板最大拉应力为：
    Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-100005
    式中，h—顶板高度，m；
    根据顶板第一强度理论，要使顶板不发生断裂，则应满足：
    σ max≤[σ t]    (v)
    式中，[σ t]—顶板许用拉应力，MPa；
    已知相邻房式煤柱(1)间距c与房式煤柱宽度为2(a+b)，根据式(iv)判断条件即求得预留煤柱(2)在顶板第一强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 1；
    e、同时预留煤柱(2)在煤柱极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 2应满足自身不破坏，根据极限强度理论，应满足：
    σF≤σ P    (vi)
    式中，σ—作用在煤柱上的力，
    Figure PCTCN2019075863-appb-100006
    m；
    F—安全系数，取2；
    σ p—预留煤柱极限强度，MPa；
    由公式(vi)求得预留煤柱(2)在煤柱极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度为b 2；
    f、最终求得预留煤柱(2)的最小留设宽度为b＝max{b 1，b 2}。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中，采用连续采煤机(7)对预采煤柱(3)进行回采，采出煤炭通过铲车(8)运至带式输送机(9)上，由带式输送机(9)运出采区。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：步骤3)中，堆砌封堵墙(5)封堵预留煤柱缺口(4)，利用充填泵通过封堵墙(5)上所留设的泵送口将胶结充填材料(6)泵送至房式煤柱(1)的采空区域进行充填。
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CN105240014A (zh) * 2015-11-12 2016-01-13 中国矿业大学 一种充填再造护巷煤柱条带回收房式遗留煤柱的方法
CN107514259A (zh) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-26 山东科技大学 一种房式煤柱的回采方法
CN109139100A (zh) * 2018-09-04 2019-01-04 中国矿业大学 一种内注替代式支护房式煤柱回收方法

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CN112417702A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-02-26 辽宁工程技术大学 一种兼顾排土发展位置的煤柱支挡效应力学分析方法
CN112417702B (zh) * 2020-12-04 2024-02-20 辽宁工程技术大学 一种兼顾排土发展位置的煤柱支挡效应力学分析方法
CN113153435A (zh) * 2021-05-17 2021-07-23 中国矿业大学 一种双巷布置系统复采扰动下煤柱加固参数的确定方法
CN113187544A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2021-07-30 辽宁科技大学 一种梁式顶板结构的大型地下空区处理方法
CN118361281A (zh) * 2024-04-16 2024-07-19 天地科技股份有限公司 房柱式采空区充填方法
CN120159419A (zh) * 2025-05-20 2025-06-17 中国矿业大学 一种预充填置换区段煤柱留双巷采煤方法

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