WO2020047632A1 - Device and method for studying the behaviour of fluid sample phases of fossil origin - Google Patents
Device and method for studying the behaviour of fluid sample phases of fossil origin Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020047632A1 WO2020047632A1 PCT/BR2019/050364 BR2019050364W WO2020047632A1 WO 2020047632 A1 WO2020047632 A1 WO 2020047632A1 BR 2019050364 W BR2019050364 W BR 2019050364W WO 2020047632 A1 WO2020047632 A1 WO 2020047632A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fluid sample
- pressure
- pressure cell
- fossil origin
- cell
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2823—Raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for studying phase behavior. More specifically, the present invention suggests a device for studying the behavior of fossil fluid sample phases and a method for analyzing said samples using the mentioned device.
- phase transitions can favor the formation of organic, inorganic or mixed deposits (organic and inorganic), causing restrictions in the transport capacity or even a complete blockage of the pipeline, which characterizes a flow guarantee problem.
- the flow guarantee encompasses a set of activities for forecasting, preventing, mitigating and remedying material deposits and other phenomena that reduce capacity or prevent the flow of fluids in a production system .
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for studying phase behavior ( liquid-liquid, solid-liquid and gas-liquid) capable of overcoming the technical deficiencies mentioned above.
- the main objective of the present invention is to provide a device and method for studying the behavior of solid-liquid, gas-liquid and liquid-liquid phases of a fluid sample of fossil origin.
- the present invention provides a device comprising (a) a pressure cell capable of operating at high pressures comprising a plunger, an agitator and a display; (b) a temperature control system to maintain the pressure cell at a temperature in the range 0 to 200 ° C; (c) a fluid sample feeding system of fossil origin; (d) a secondary fluid sample injection system; (e) a NIR (Near infrared) probe; (f) a line for removing the fluid sample mixture; (g) a valve system for observing the Joule-Thomson effect, (h) a pivoting system to hold the cell in a vertical or horizontal position and (i) a system for injecting at least one chemical.
- the present invention also provides a method for studying phase behavior of fluid samples of fossil origin using the device described here.
- the method comprises (a) injecting the fluid sample of fossil origin into a pressure cell; (b) adjusting the temperature conditions of the pressure cell using a temperature control system; (c) adjust the pressure conditions of the pressure cell by activating a plunger; (d) injecting a secondary fluid sample into the pressure cell; and (e) monitor the information through a data acquisition and automation system.
- Figure 1 illustrates the side sectional view of the device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates the flowchart of an embodiment of the device of the present invention.
- Figure 3 represents the titration curve obtained by the NIR probe of an oil sample with injection of propane and CO2.
- the present invention relates to a device for studying the behavior of phases of fluid sample of fossil origin.
- the device comprises a) a pressure cell capable of operating at high pressures; b) a temperature control system; c) a fluid sample feeding system of fossil origin; d) a secondary fluid sample injection system; e) a NIR probe; f) a sample mixing line; and g) a system of valves for observing the Joule-Thomson effect (h) a pivoting system to keep the cell in a vertical or horizontal position and (i) a system for injecting at least one chemical.
- the pressure cell in the device is capable of operating at pressures up to 400 bar and in a temperature range from 0 to 200 ° C. Preferably, temperatures in the range of 0 to 100 ° C are used for the study of multiphase behavior.
- the pressure cell comprises a plunger, an agitator and a display.
- the plunger has the function of adjusting the internal volume and pressure of the cell.
- the agitator keeps the fluid samples of fossil and secondary origin flowing, in addition to homogenizing them.
- the display allows observation of the interior of the cell.
- the pressure and volume adjustment piston of the pressure cell can be a hydraulic, pneumatic or double-acting piston.
- a double-acting plunger is used, in which the advance is hydraulic and the setback is pneumatic.
- the hydraulic pressurization mechanism allows adequate pressure control, in addition to avoiding problems related to the gas compressibility during pressurization.
- the agitator present in the pressure cell can be selected from a mechanical rod or a magnetic bar.
- a mechanical stirrer with magnetic coupling is used to maintain the flow of fluid samples in a high pressure condition.
- the mechanical stirrer allows the homogenization of viscous fluid samples, also guaranteeing the correlation of the stirrer torque with viscosity values in the temperature and pressure conditions of the study carried out.
- the pressure cell display must be made of a resistant material, such as sapphire, borosilicate or quartz.
- a sapphire display is used in the pressure cell of the device described here.
- the temperature control system of the device of the present invention can be carried out either by means of thermal exchange of fluids, such as thermostatic bath, or by electric heating, such as heating tapes.
- the cell temperature control system comprises a thermostatic bath.
- the fluid sample of fossil origin is introduced into the pressure cell by means of a feeding system, which comprises a sample storage container and a valve to control the inlet flow.
- Said sample can consist of any fluid of fossil origin, such as oil (saturated or not with gas), natural gas, or even a synthetic mixture of hydrocarbons simulating fluids extracted from fossil reservoirs.
- an oil sample is used. In this way, it is possible to foresee situations that influence its flow during the route between the reservoir and the installations on the earth's surface.
- This forecast helps, for example, in defining the bases of production projects, especially in offshore systems, when there are conditions of high pressure and the presence of unusual contaminants in the fluid of fossil origin, whose properties are difficult to predict.
- a mixture of C5-C10 hydrocarbons is used as the fluid sample of fossil origin to simulate the flow of an oil sample.
- the device of the present invention comprises an injection system of a secondary fluid sample.
- the secondary sample can, for example, be selected from water, methane, ethane, propane, butane, CO2 or a mixture of two or more of these.
- the system of Secondary fluid sample injection comprises a first pump for directing the sample into the pressure cell.
- the device of the present invention further comprises an injection line of at least one chemical of interest comprising a second pump.
- At least one chemical is selected from the group consisting of asphaltene-inhibiting agent, scale, hydrates and paraffins, demulsifying agent and organic solvent.
- added chemicals are monoethylene glycol (MEG), triethylene glycol (TEG) and ethanol products.
- the first and the second pump can be automatic and / or manual.
- the first pump is an automatic pump and the second pump is a manual pump.
- the device described here comprises two additional systems for transferring, storing and mixing fluids.
- Each of the systems consists of a container and a plunger for pressurizing and transferring fluids.
- the device of the present invention comprises a near infrared (NIR) probe.
- NIR near infrared
- the device makes it possible to identify the solid-liquid, gas-liquid and liquid-liquid phase transition of a fluid sample of fossil origin.
- the device of the invention described here comprises a line for removing the fluid sample mixture.
- mixing fluid samples means fluid samples of fossil and secondary origin.
- the mixture of fluid samples it will also comprise said at least one chemical of interest.
- a system of valves for observing the Joule-Thomson effect is coupled to the line of removal of the mixture of fluid samples in order to enable the gradual depressurization of the mixture.
- Said valve system comprises a pressure variation valve (pressure drop), temperature and pressure sensors, upstream and downstream of this valve and a back pressure valve to regulate the pressure and allow the pressure variation to amount. In this way, in addition to gradual depressurization, it is possible to acquire temperature in each depressurization step.
- a pressure variation valve pressure drop
- temperature and pressure sensors upstream and downstream of this valve
- a back pressure valve to regulate the pressure and allow the pressure variation to amount.
- the valve system for observing the Joule-Thomson effect of the present invention allows the control of the final pressure and the temperature measurement of the mixture of fluid samples after passing through the system in a precise way.
- valve refers to any type of valve present in the state of the art, whether these are manual or automatic operation.
- the device of the present invention may comprise a pivoting structure for maintaining the cell in a selected position from vertical and horizontal.
- the pivoting structure allows a greater approach to the study to be carried out, simulating the flow in the underwater line (horizontal position) and in the riser (vertical position), in which the arrangement of the phases is differentiated due to the difference in density of the fluids : gas, condensate and oil.
- the device of the present invention comprises a high pressure viscometer coupled to the withdrawal line of the fluid sample mixture.
- a storage container of mixture of samples can also be coupled to the withdrawal line.
- sample mixture when the sample mixture is removed from the device via the withdrawal line, it can be directed to the valve system for observation of the Joule-Thomson effect or to the mixing mixture storage vessel. samples, or be directed to both simultaneously.
- the device described herein comprises a real-time image acquisition system, such as, for example, a camera or a digital microscope.
- the device of the present invention can be associated with a data acquisition system that allows the opening and closing of valves, the activation of the automatic fluid pumping system and agitation and real-time monitoring of pressure, temperature, torque and images inside the cell.
- the pressure and temperature information of the device of the present invention is obtained by means of temperature sensors (thermocouples or resistance thermometers) and pressure sensors (manometers and pressure transducers), which can collect data the pressure cell, the secondary fluid sample injection system and the fluid sample removal line.
- temperature sensors thermocouples or resistance thermometers
- pressure sensors manometers and pressure transducers
- the device of the present invention enables, for example, the following assessments: the gradual depressurization of the fluid, as observed during the production of oil and gas; study of the potential risk of formation of hydrates and paraffins to define alternatives to mitigate these occurrences in the field; analysis of the Joule-Thomson effect, analysis of the performance of chemicals with different functions for recommendation of injection in the field; analysis of the partition of chemicals / solvents in the gas or liquid (contamination) to avoid operational problems; carrying out the titration of solvents in oil under high pressure and temperature conditions to assess stability in relation to the precipitation of asphaltenes during production; correlation of fluid viscosity under different pressure and temperature conditions through the torque of the agitator to predict fluid mobility in the production line; preparation of a gas mixture phase diagram to validate mathematical simulations and generate new correlations, especially in the case of gas mixtures; performing
- the present invention is able to represent the flow of fluids in the production field and still simulate experimentally a problem occurred in the field, being possible to reach solutions in a short period of time.
- the present invention also provides a method for studying the behavior of fossil fluid sample phases using the device described herein.
- the method of the present invention comprises the following steps: (a) injecting the fluid sample of fossil origin into the pressure cell; (b) adjusting the temperature conditions of the pressure cell using a temperature control system; (c) adjust the pressure conditions of the pressure cell by activating a plunger; (d) injecting a secondary fluid sample in the pressure cell; and (e) monitor the information obtained through a data acquisition and automation system.
- the fluid sample of fossil origin is selected from oil and natural gas. It can also be used a synthetic mixture of hydrocarbons simulating fluids produced by fossil reservoirs.
- the secondary fluid sample injected into the pressure cell can be any fluid in which there is an interest in studying its behavior together with the fluid sample of fossil origin. Examples: water, methane, ethane, propane, butane, CO2 or a mixture of two or more of these.
- the present method comprises the injection of at least one chemical product in the pressure cell.
- At least one chemical product is selected from the group consisting of asphaltene inhibiting agent, scale, hydrates and paraffins, demulsifying agent and organic solvent.
- added chemicals are monoethylene glycol (MEG), triethylene glycol (TEG) and ethanol products.
- the injection of the secondary fluid sample is done by a first pump, while the injection of at least one chemical product is performed by a second pump, which can be automatic and / or manuals.
- Figure 1 illustrates the side sectional view of the device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the device for studying the behavior of phases of fluid sample of fossil origin comprises a pressure cell 1, which in turn comprises a plunger 2 for adjusting internal volume and pressure, an agitator 3 for fluid homogenization and flow maintenance and a sight glass 4.
- the device of figure 1 comprises a temperature control system 5, capable of maintaining the pressure cell at a temperature in the range of 0 to 200 ° C.
- the fluid sample feeding system of fossil origin of the device shown in figure 1 consists of a container 7 and a valve 8.
- the device of figure 1 also comprises a secondary fluid sample injection system 9, a NIR probe 10 and a fluid sample removal line 11, in which is fitted a valve system for observing the Joule- Thomson 12.
- Figure 2 illustrates the flow chart of an embodiment of the device of the present invention.
- the system for feeding a fluid sample of fossil origin comprising a container 7 and a valve 8, is connected to a pressure cell 1 for the study of the phase behavior of said sample.
- a mixture of two secondary fluid samples 16 and 16 ' is injected by means of a first pump 17 into the pressure cell to assess the multiphasic behavior of the fluid sample of fossil origin in the presence of said mixture.
- the plunger 2 allows the adjustment of internal volume and pressure and the agitator 3 homogenizes the fluid mixtures, in addition to maintaining the flow in the device.
- the device For temperature control of pressure cell 1, the device comprises a temperature control system 5, capable of keep the pressure cell at a temperature in the range 0 to 200 ° C.
- the display 4 together with the real-time image acquisition system, represented in figure 2 by a camera 13, allows the visualization of the changes that have occurred.
- the NIR 10 probe allows the identification of formed solids.
- the device represented by figure 2 also comprises an injection line 18 of a chemical product comprising a second pump 19.
- the device of figure 2 further comprises two additional devices 20, 20 'for transferring, storing and mixing fluids.
- a viscometer 14, as well as a sample mixing storage container 15, is attached to the fluid sample removal line 11.
- valves 21 and 21 '(back pressure) are coupled, which comprises the valves 21 (pressure drop) and 21 '(back pressure), the thermocouple 22 and the pressure sensors 23 and 24.
- Example 1 Identification of the formation of solids in oil by gas injection (liquid-solid transition)
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Abstract
The present invention describes a device for studying the behaviour of fluid sample phases of fossil origin, comprising a pressure cell comprising a plunger, a stirrer and a viewer, a temperature-control system, a system for supplying a fluid sample of fossil origin, a system for injecting a secondary fluid sample, an NIR probe, a line for withdrawing the mixture of fluid samples, and a valve system for observing the Joule-Thomson effect. The present invention also describes a method employing said device, comprising the steps of injecting the fluid sample of fossil origin into the pressure cell, adjusting the temperature conditions of the pressure cell by means of a temperature-control system, adjusting the pressure conditions of the pressure cell by actuating a plunger, injecting a secondary fluid sample into the pressure cell, and using a data acquisition and automation system to monitor the information obtained.
Description
“DISPOSITIVO E MÉTODO PARA ESTUDO DE COMPORTAMENTO“DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR
DE FASES DE AMOSTRA FLUIDA DE ORIGEM FÓSSIL” OF FLUID SAMPLE PHASES OF FOSSIL ORIGIN ”
CAMPO DA INVENÇÃO FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] A presente invenção está relacionada a um dispositivo e a um método para estudo de comportamento de fases. Mais especificamente, a presente invenção sugere um dispositivo para estudo de comportamento de fases de amostra fluida de origem fóssil e um método para análise de ditas amostras utilizando o dispositivo mencionado. [0001] The present invention relates to a device and a method for studying phase behavior. More specifically, the present invention suggests a device for studying the behavior of fossil fluid sample phases and a method for analyzing said samples using the mentioned device.
FUNDAMENTOS DA INVENÇÃO BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Durante a produção de petróleo, os fluidos do reservatório em escoamento multifásico até a superfície são submetidos a variações extremas de pressão e temperatura e atravessam os limites de diferentes transições de fases como gás-líquido, gás-sólido, líquido-líquido ou, ainda, sólido-líquido. [0002] During oil production, the fluids from the reservoir in multiphase flow to the surface are subjected to extreme pressure and temperature variations and cross the limits of different phase transitions such as gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-liquid or , still, solid-liquid.
[0003] Estas transições de fases podem favorecer a formação de depósitos orgânicos, inorgânicos ou mistos (orgânicos e inorgânicos), causando restrições na capacidade de transporte ou até mesmo um bloqueio total da tubulação, o que caracteriza um problema de garantia de escoamento. [0003] These phase transitions can favor the formation of organic, inorganic or mixed deposits (organic and inorganic), causing restrictions in the transport capacity or even a complete blockage of the pipeline, which characterizes a flow guarantee problem.
[0004] Dentro do âmbito da indústria de petróleo, a garantia de escoamento engloba um conjunto de atividades de previsão, prevenção, mitigação e remediação de depósitos de materiais e outros fenômenos que reduzem a capacidade ou impedem o escoamento de fluidos em um sistema de produção. [0004] Within the scope of the oil industry, the flow guarantee encompasses a set of activities for forecasting, preventing, mitigating and remedying material deposits and other phenomena that reduce capacity or prevent the flow of fluids in a production system .
[0005] Tal preocupação é particularmente agravante na exploração em águas profundas, ambiente no qual as baixas temperaturas, aliadas às altas pressões, apresentam mais riscos ao escoamento por estarem em condições demasiadamente diferentes daquelas presentes na superfície, justificando as variadas transições de fases observadas durante o escoamento do petróleo em seu processo de extração. [0005] Such concern is particularly aggravating in deepwater exploration, an environment in which low temperatures, combined with high pressures, present more risks to runoff because they are in conditions that are too different from those present on the surface, justifying the various phase transitions observed during the flow of oil in its extraction process.
[0006] Os problemas de garantia de escoamento mais comuns em
campos petrolíferos são causados pela formação de hidratos, emulsões, depósitos e/ou suspensões orgânicas (como asfaltenos, parafinas e naftenatos) e inorgânicas (incrustações). [0006] The most common flow guarantee problems in Oil fields are caused by the formation of hydrates, emulsions, deposits and / or organic suspensions (such as asphaltenes, paraffins and naphthenates) and inorganic ones (incrustations).
[0007] Esses problemas podem também ser causados pela presença de gases tóxicos e asfixiantes, como sulfeto de hidrogénio e gás carbónico, por instabilidade hidrodinâmica do sistema e pela variação de temperatura repentina do fluido durante passagem em restrições ou válvulas, causada pelo chamado efeito Joule-Thomson, e também por erosão. [0007] These problems can also be caused by the presence of toxic and asphyxiating gases, such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, by hydrodynamic instability of the system and by the sudden temperature variation of the fluid during passage in restrictions or valves, caused by the so-called Joule effect -Thomson, and also by erosion.
[0008] Assim, a antecipação da identificação de possíveis problemas associados à garantia de escoamento é essencial para que a produção de petróleo seja feita de forma contínua, económica e eficaz, tendo em vista que, a depender do grau de obstrução da tubulação, a produção pode ser totalmente interrompida e resultar em maiores custos operacionais. [0008] Thus, anticipating the identification of possible problems associated with the flow guarantee is essential for the production of oil to be carried out continuously, economically and effectively, considering that, depending on the degree of obstruction of the pipeline, the production can be stopped entirely and result in higher operating costs.
[0009] Atualmente, os métodos mais comuns para a avaliação de formação de sólidos em sistemas pressurizados de petróleo compreendem a análise de formação de hidratos em células de pressão e a verificação da formação de asfaltenos em petróleo por despressurização em microscópio de alta pressão (HPM). Os referidos métodos, entretanto, são restritos, visto que se limitam unicamente à transição sólido-líquido para identificação de asfaltenos e hidratos. [0009] Currently, the most common methods for assessing the formation of solids in pressurized oil systems include the analysis of the formation of hydrates in pressure cells and the verification of the formation of asphaltenes in oil by depressurization under a high pressure microscope (HPM) ). These methods, however, are restricted, since they are limited only to the solid-liquid transition for the identification of asphaltenes and hydrates.
[00010] Nesse sentido, é notável a necessidade de dispositivos e métodos mais eficientes e abrangentes que permitam um maior aprofundamento nos estudos referentes ao comportamento de fases de fluidos fósseis e seus derivados em sistemas de pressões elevadas. O estado da técnica descreve demais modalidades de dispositivos e métodos para estudo do equilíbrio de fases multicompostos em sistemas por meio da variação de parâmetros como volume, pressão e temperatura em células de equilíbrio. [00010] In this sense, there is a notable need for more efficient and comprehensive devices and methods that allow greater depth in studies regarding the behavior of phases of fossil fluids and their derivatives in high pressure systems. The state of the art describes other types of devices and methods for studying the balance of multicompound phases in systems by varying parameters such as volume, pressure and temperature in equilibrium cells.
[00011] O estudo realizado por Braga, A. (“ Equilíbrio de Fases a Alta Pressão de Sistemas Constituídos Por CO2, Fenantreno, Tolueno E Metanol:
Estudo Experimental”, 2016. 65f. Dissertação, Mestrado em Tecnologia de Processos Químicos e Bioquímicos - Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2016) utiliza um método com célula visual de volume variável para obter dados de equilíbrio de fases de sistemas ternários formados por dióxido de carbono/fenantreno/tolueno e também por dióxido de carbono/fenantreno/metanol, sendo o fenantreno utilizado como composto representativo dos asfaltenos para verificação de sua precipitação. [00011] The study by Braga, A. (“High Pressure Phase Equilibrium of Systems Consisting of CO2, Phenanthrene, Toluene And Methanol: Experimental Study ”, 2016. 65f. Dissertation, Master in Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology - School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2016) uses a method with a variable volume visual cell to obtain phase equilibrium data from ternary systems formed by dioxide carbon / phenanthrene / toluene and also by carbon dioxide / phenanthrene / methanol, with phenanthrene being used as a representative compound of asphaltenes to verify its precipitation.
[00012] O estudo realizado por Guembaroski, A. {“Estudo experimental do equilíbrio de fases de hidratos de dióxido de carbono na presença de inibidores termodinâmicos” , 2016. 118f. Dissertação, Mestrado em Engenharia - Departamento de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2016) investiga o poder de inibição da formação de hidratos de soluções aquosas de inibidores para sistemas constituídos por dióxido de carbono por meio de um módulo de equilíbrio de fases. [00012] The study by Guembaroski, A. {“Experimental study of the phase balance of carbohydrates in the presence of thermodynamic inhibitors”, 2016. 118f. Dissertation, Master of Engineering - Department of Research and Graduate Studies, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, 2016) investigates the power of inhibiting the formation of hydrates from aqueous solutions of inhibitors for systems consisting of carbon dioxide through a module phase equilibrium.
[00013] Ambos os dispositivos utilizados nos estudos citados acima são baseados no método estático-sintético para visualização das diversas transições de fases que ocorrem em sistemas multicompostos a partir da variação de temperatura e pressão. [00013] Both devices used in the studies mentioned above are based on the static-synthetic method for visualizing the different phase transitions that occur in multicomposite systems from the variation of temperature and pressure.
[00014] Entretanto, é possível notar que esses documentos são dotados de limitações semelhantes àquelas citadas anteriormente, tendo em vista que são direcionados unicamente ao estudo de precipitação de asfaltenos e formação de hidratos. [00014] However, it is possible to note that these documents have limitations similar to those mentioned above, considering that they are directed only to the study of asphaltene precipitation and hydrate formation.
[00015] Além disso, cabe pontuar que o método visual de análise empregado nos documentos do estado da técnica não é efetivo para amostras opacas e escuras como o petróleo, tendo em vista que a transição de fases em fluidos não-transparentes é de difícil visualização. [00015] Furthermore, it should be noted that the visual method of analysis used in state of the art documents is not effective for opaque and dark samples like oil, considering that the transition of phases in non-transparent fluids is difficult to visualize .
[00016] Consequentemente, as amostragens realizadas nestes estudos
são apenas uma simulação por meio de compostos análogos (modelos) e, portanto, não representam de forma verossímil a composição presente em poços subterrâneos de petróleo e gás. [00016] Consequently, the sampling carried out in these studies they are just a simulation by means of analogous compounds (models) and, therefore, do not credibly represent the composition present in underground oil and gas wells.
[00017] Assim, é possível notar que o estado da técnica carece de dispositivos que permitam métodos de análises mais abrangentes de amostras fluidas multicomponentes de origem fóssil e que sejam capazes de realizar análises com amostras fidedignas obtidas de poços de extração. [00017] Thus, it is possible to note that the state of the art lacks devices that allow more comprehensive methods of analysis of multicomponent fluid samples of fossil origin and that are capable of carrying out analyzes with reliable samples obtained from extraction wells.
[00018] Portanto, em vista da necessidade de aprofundamento no estudo de escoamentos multifásicos de fluidos de origem fóssil para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de garantia de escoamento, o objetivo da presente invenção é prover um dispositivo e um método para estudo de comportamento de fases (líquido-líquido, sólido-líquido e gás-líquido) capazes de suprir as deficiências técnicas acima mencionadas. [00018] Therefore, in view of the need to deepen the study of multiphase flows of fluids of fossil origin for the development of flow guarantee strategies, the objective of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for studying phase behavior ( liquid-liquid, solid-liquid and gas-liquid) capable of overcoming the technical deficiencies mentioned above.
SUMÁRIO DA INVENÇÃO SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[00019] A presente invenção tem por objetivo principal prover um dispositivo e método para estudo de comportamento de fases sólido-líquido, gás-líquido e líquido-líquido de uma amostra fluida de origem fóssil. [00019] The main objective of the present invention is to provide a device and method for studying the behavior of solid-liquid, gas-liquid and liquid-liquid phases of a fluid sample of fossil origin.
[00020] De forma a alcançar o objetivo acima, a presente invenção provê um dispositivo compreendendo (a) uma célula de pressão capaz de operar em altas pressões compreendendo um êmbolo, um agitador e um visor; (b) um sistema de controle de temperatura para manter a célula de pressão em uma temperatura na faixa de 0 a 200°C; (c) um sistema de alimentação de amostra fluida de origem fóssil; (d) um sistema de injeção de amostra fluida secundária; (e) uma sonda NIR (Near infrared ); (f) uma linha de retirada da mistura de amostras fluidas; (g) um sistema de válvulas para observação do efeito Joule-Thomson, (h) um sistema pivotante para manter a célula na posição vertical ou horizontal e (i) um sistema para injeção de pelo menos um produto químico. [00020] In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a device comprising (a) a pressure cell capable of operating at high pressures comprising a plunger, an agitator and a display; (b) a temperature control system to maintain the pressure cell at a temperature in the range 0 to 200 ° C; (c) a fluid sample feeding system of fossil origin; (d) a secondary fluid sample injection system; (e) a NIR (Near infrared) probe; (f) a line for removing the fluid sample mixture; (g) a valve system for observing the Joule-Thomson effect, (h) a pivoting system to hold the cell in a vertical or horizontal position and (i) a system for injecting at least one chemical.
A presente invenção também provê um método para estudo de
comportamento de fases de amostras fluidas de origem fóssil utilizando o dispositivo aqui descrito. The present invention also provides a method for studying phase behavior of fluid samples of fossil origin using the device described here.
O método compreende (a) injetar a amostra fluida de origem fóssil em uma célula de pressão; (b) ajustar as condições de temperatura da célula de pressão por meio de um sistema de controle de temperatura; (c) ajustar as condições de pressão da célula de pressão por meio do acionamento de um êmbolo; (d) injetar uma amostra fluida secundária na célula de pressão; e (e) monitorar as informações por meio de um sistema de aquisição de dados e de automação. The method comprises (a) injecting the fluid sample of fossil origin into a pressure cell; (b) adjusting the temperature conditions of the pressure cell using a temperature control system; (c) adjust the pressure conditions of the pressure cell by activating a plunger; (d) injecting a secondary fluid sample into the pressure cell; and (e) monitor the information through a data acquisition and automation system.
BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[00021] A descrição detalhada apresentada adiante faz referência às figuras anexas, as quais: [00021] The detailed description presented below makes reference to the attached figures, which:
[00022] A Figura 1 ilustra a vista lateral em corte do dispositivo de acordo com a concretização preferencial da presente invenção. [00022] Figure 1 illustrates the side sectional view of the device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
[00023] A Figura 2 ilustra o fluxograma de um modo de concretização do dispositivo da presente invenção. [00023] Figure 2 illustrates the flowchart of an embodiment of the device of the present invention.
[00024] A Figura 3 representa a curva de titulação obtida por sonda NIR de uma amostra de petróleo com injeção de propano e CO2. [00024] Figure 3 represents the titration curve obtained by the NIR probe of an oil sample with injection of propane and CO2.
DESCRIÇÃO DETAFHADA DA INVENÇÃO DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[00025] A presente invenção se refere a um dispositivo para estudo de comportamento de fases de amostra fluida de origem fóssil. [00025] The present invention relates to a device for studying the behavior of phases of fluid sample of fossil origin.
[00026] O dispositivo compreende a) uma célula de pressão capaz de operar em altas pressões; b) um sistema de controle de temperatura; c) um sistema de alimentação de amostra fluida de origem fóssil; d) um sistema de injeção de amostra fluida secundária; e) uma sonda NIR; f) uma linha de retirada de mistura de amostras; e g) um sistema de válvulas para observação do efeito Joule-Thomson (h) um sistema pivotante para manter a célula na posição vertical ou horizontal e (i) um sistema para injeção de pelo menos um produto químico.
[00026] A célula de pressão presente no dispositivo é capaz de operar em pressões de até 400 bar e em uma faixa de temperatura de 0 a 200°C. Preferencialmente, empregam-se temperaturas na faixa de 0 a 100°C para o estudo de comportamento multifásico. [00026] The device comprises a) a pressure cell capable of operating at high pressures; b) a temperature control system; c) a fluid sample feeding system of fossil origin; d) a secondary fluid sample injection system; e) a NIR probe; f) a sample mixing line; and g) a system of valves for observing the Joule-Thomson effect (h) a pivoting system to keep the cell in a vertical or horizontal position and (i) a system for injecting at least one chemical. [00026] The pressure cell in the device is capable of operating at pressures up to 400 bar and in a temperature range from 0 to 200 ° C. Preferably, temperatures in the range of 0 to 100 ° C are used for the study of multiphase behavior.
[00027] A célula de pressão compreende um êmbolo, um agitador e um visor. O êmbolo tem a função de ajuste do volume interno e da pressão da célula. O agitador mantém as amostras fluidas de origem fóssil e secundária em escoamento, além de homogeneizá-las. O visor, por sua vez, permite a observação do interior da célula. [00027] The pressure cell comprises a plunger, an agitator and a display. The plunger has the function of adjusting the internal volume and pressure of the cell. The agitator keeps the fluid samples of fossil and secondary origin flowing, in addition to homogenizing them. The display, in turn, allows observation of the interior of the cell.
[00028] O êmbolo de ajuste do volume e pressão da célula de pressão pode ser um êmbolo hidráulico, pneumático ou de dupla ação. Em uma modalidade da invenção, emprega-se um êmbolo de dupla ação, em que o avanço é hidráulico e o recuo é pneumático. O mecanismo de pressurização hidráulico permite um controle adequado da pressão, além de evitar problemas referentes à compres sibilidade do gás durante a pressurização. [00028] The pressure and volume adjustment piston of the pressure cell can be a hydraulic, pneumatic or double-acting piston. In one embodiment of the invention, a double-acting plunger is used, in which the advance is hydraulic and the setback is pneumatic. The hydraulic pressurization mechanism allows adequate pressure control, in addition to avoiding problems related to the gas compressibility during pressurization.
[00029] O agitador presente na célula de pressão pode ser selecionado dentre uma haste mecânica ou uma barra magnética. Preferencialmente, utiliza- se um agitador mecânico com acoplamento magnético para manter o escoamento das amostras fluidas em condição de alta pressão. [00029] The agitator present in the pressure cell can be selected from a mechanical rod or a magnetic bar. Preferably, a mechanical stirrer with magnetic coupling is used to maintain the flow of fluid samples in a high pressure condition.
[00030] Além disso, o agitador mecânico permite a homogeneização de amostras fluidas viscosas, garantindo, ainda, a correlação do torque do agitador com valores de viscosidade nas condições de temperatura e pressão do estudo realizado. [00030] In addition, the mechanical stirrer allows the homogenization of viscous fluid samples, also guaranteeing the correlation of the stirrer torque with viscosity values in the temperature and pressure conditions of the study carried out.
[00031] O visor da célula de pressão deve ser constituído de um material resistente, tal como safira, borosilicato ou quartzo. Preferencialmente, é empregado um visor de safira na célula de pressão do dispositivo aqui descrito. [00031] The pressure cell display must be made of a resistant material, such as sapphire, borosilicate or quartz. Preferably, a sapphire display is used in the pressure cell of the device described here.
[00032] O sistema de controle de temperatura do dispositivo da presente invenção pode ser realizado tanto por meio de troca térmica de
fluidos, como banho termostático, quanto por aquecimento elétrico, como fitas de aquecimento. Preferencialmente, o sistema de controle de temperatura da célula compreende um banho termostático. [00032] The temperature control system of the device of the present invention can be carried out either by means of thermal exchange of fluids, such as thermostatic bath, or by electric heating, such as heating tapes. Preferably, the cell temperature control system comprises a thermostatic bath.
[00033] A amostra fluida de origem fóssil é introduzida na célula de pressão por meio de um sistema de alimentação, o qual compreende um recipiente de armazenamento da amostra e uma válvula para controlar a vazão de entrada. A referida amostra pode consistir de qualquer fluido de origem fóssil, tal como petróleo (saturado ou não com gás), gás natural, ou até mesmo uma mistura sintética de hidrocarbonetos simulando fluidos extraídos de reservatórios fósseis. [00033] The fluid sample of fossil origin is introduced into the pressure cell by means of a feeding system, which comprises a sample storage container and a valve to control the inlet flow. Said sample can consist of any fluid of fossil origin, such as oil (saturated or not with gas), natural gas, or even a synthetic mixture of hydrocarbons simulating fluids extracted from fossil reservoirs.
[00034] Em uma modalidade preferencial da invenção, utiliza-se uma amostra de petróleo. Desse modo, é possível prever situações que influenciam o seu escoamento durante o percurso entre o reservatório e as instalações na superfície terrestre. [00034] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an oil sample is used. In this way, it is possible to foresee situations that influence its flow during the route between the reservoir and the installations on the earth's surface.
[00035] Essa previsão auxilia, por exemplo, na definição das bases de projetos de produção, especialmente em sistemas offshore, quando há condições de alta pressão e presença de contaminantes não usuais no fluido de origem fóssil, cujas propriedades são difíceis de serem previstas. [00035] This forecast helps, for example, in defining the bases of production projects, especially in offshore systems, when there are conditions of high pressure and the presence of unusual contaminants in the fluid of fossil origin, whose properties are difficult to predict.
[00036] Em uma modalidade alternativa da presente invenção, é empregada uma mistura de hidrocarbonetos C5-C10 como a amostra fluida de origem fóssil para simular o escoamento de uma amostra de petróleo. [00036] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a mixture of C5-C10 hydrocarbons is used as the fluid sample of fossil origin to simulate the flow of an oil sample.
[00037] Para a avaliação do comportamento de fases da amostra fluida de origem fóssil, o dispositivo da presente invenção compreende um sistema de injeção de uma amostra fluida secundária. [00037] For the evaluation of the phase behavior of the fluid sample of fossil origin, the device of the present invention comprises an injection system of a secondary fluid sample.
[00038] Pode ser injetado qualquer fluido em que haja interesse de estudo de seu comportamento junto com a amostra fluida de origem fóssil. A amostra secundária pode ser, por exemplo, selecionada dentre água, metano, etano, propano, butano, CO2 ou mistura de dois ou mais destes. [00038] Any fluid in which there is interest in studying its behavior can be injected together with the fluid sample of fossil origin. The secondary sample can, for example, be selected from water, methane, ethane, propane, butane, CO2 or a mixture of two or more of these.
[00039] Em uma modalidade da presente invenção, o sistema de
injeção de amostra fluida secundária compreende uma primeira bomba para direcionamento da amostra para o interior da célula de pressão. [00039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the system of Secondary fluid sample injection comprises a first pump for directing the sample into the pressure cell.
[00040] Em um modo de concretização alternativo, o dispositivo da presente invenção compreende ainda uma linha de injeção de pelo menos um produto químico de interesse compreendendo uma segunda bomba. [00040] In an alternative embodiment, the device of the present invention further comprises an injection line of at least one chemical of interest comprising a second pump.
[00041] Pelo menos um produto químico é selecionado a partir do grupo que consiste de agente inibidor de asfaltenos, de incrustação, de hidratos e de parafinas, agente desemulsificante e solvente orgânico. Exemplos de produtos químicos adicionados são monoetileno glicol (MEG), trietileno glicol (TEG) e produtos à base de etanol. [00041] At least one chemical is selected from the group consisting of asphaltene-inhibiting agent, scale, hydrates and paraffins, demulsifying agent and organic solvent. Examples of added chemicals are monoethylene glycol (MEG), triethylene glycol (TEG) and ethanol products.
[00042] No contexto da presente invenção, a primeira e a segunda bomba podem ser automáticas e/ou manuais. Preferencialmente, a primeira bomba é de acionamento automático e a segunda bomba de acionamento manual. [00042] In the context of the present invention, the first and the second pump can be automatic and / or manual. Preferably, the first pump is an automatic pump and the second pump is a manual pump.
[00043] Em uma modalidade alternativa, o dispositivo aqui descrito compreende dois sistemas adicionais para transferência, armazenamento e mistura de fluidos. Cada um dos sistemas consiste de um recipiente e um êmbolo para pressurização e transferência de fluidos. [00043] In an alternative embodiment, the device described here comprises two additional systems for transferring, storing and mixing fluids. Each of the systems consists of a container and a plunger for pressurizing and transferring fluids.
[00044] Para o monitoramento da formação de sólidos na amostra fluida de origem fóssil, o dispositivo da presente invenção compreende uma sonda de infravermelho próximo (NIR). [00044] For monitoring the formation of solids in the fluid sample of fossil origin, the device of the present invention comprises a near infrared (NIR) probe.
[00045] Dessa forma, o dispositivo possibilita a identificação da transição de fases sólido-líquido, gás-líquido e líquido-líquido de uma amostra fluida de origem fóssil. [00045] Thus, the device makes it possible to identify the solid-liquid, gas-liquid and liquid-liquid phase transition of a fluid sample of fossil origin.
[00046] Para o esvaziamento da célula, o dispositivo da invenção aqui descrita compreende uma linha de retirada da mistura de amostras fluidas. No contexto da presente invenção, entende-se por mistura de amostras fluidas as amostras fluidas de origem fóssil e secundária. Nas concretizações em que um produto químico de interesse é injetado, a mistura de amostras fluidas
compreenderá também dito pelo menos um produto químico de interesse. [00046] For emptying the cell, the device of the invention described here comprises a line for removing the fluid sample mixture. In the context of the present invention, mixing fluid samples means fluid samples of fossil and secondary origin. In embodiments where a chemical of interest is injected, the mixture of fluid samples it will also comprise said at least one chemical of interest.
[00047] Um sistema de válvulas para observação do efeito Joule- Thomson é acoplado à linha de retirada da mistura de amostras fluidas de modo a viabilizar a despressurização gradual da mistura. [00047] A system of valves for observing the Joule-Thomson effect is coupled to the line of removal of the mixture of fluid samples in order to enable the gradual depressurization of the mixture.
[00048] O referido sistema de válvulas compreende uma válvula de variação de pressão (quebra de pressão), sensores de temperatura e pressão, a montante e a jusante desta válvula e uma válvula de contrapressão para regular a pressão e permitir a variação da pressão a montante. Desse modo, além da despressurização gradual, é possível a aquisição de temperatura em cada etapa de despressurização. [00048] Said valve system comprises a pressure variation valve (pressure drop), temperature and pressure sensors, upstream and downstream of this valve and a back pressure valve to regulate the pressure and allow the pressure variation to amount. In this way, in addition to gradual depressurization, it is possible to acquire temperature in each depressurization step.
[00049] O sistema de válvulas para observação do efeito Joule- Thomson da presente invenção permite o controle da pressão final e a medição da temperatura da mistura de amostras fluidas após a passagem pelo sistema de forma precisa. [00049] The valve system for observing the Joule-Thomson effect of the present invention allows the control of the final pressure and the temperature measurement of the mixture of fluid samples after passing through the system in a precise way.
[00050] Cabe destacar que, no contexto da presente invenção, o termo “válvula”, previamente utilizado, faz referência a qualquer tipo de válvula presente no estado da técnica, sendo estas de operação manual ou automática. [00050] It should be noted that, in the context of the present invention, the term "valve", previously used, refers to any type of valve present in the state of the art, whether these are manual or automatic operation.
[00051] De forma alternativa, o dispositivo da presente invenção pode compreender uma estrutura pivotante para manter a célula em uma posição selecionada dentre vertical e horizontal. [00051] Alternatively, the device of the present invention may comprise a pivoting structure for maintaining the cell in a selected position from vertical and horizontal.
[00052] A estrutura pivotante permite uma maior abordagem do estudo a ser realizado, simulando o escoamento na linha submarina (posição horizontal) e no riser (posição vertical), em que o arranjo das fases é diferenciado em decorrência da diferença de densidade dos fluidos: gás, condensado e óleo. [00052] The pivoting structure allows a greater approach to the study to be carried out, simulating the flow in the underwater line (horizontal position) and in the riser (vertical position), in which the arrangement of the phases is differentiated due to the difference in density of the fluids : gas, condensate and oil.
[00053] Em uma modalidade alternativa da presente invenção, o dispositivo da presente invenção compreende um viscosímetro de alta pressão acoplado à linha de retirada da mistura de amostras fluidas. [00053] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the device of the present invention comprises a high pressure viscometer coupled to the withdrawal line of the fluid sample mixture.
[00054] Além disso, um recipiente de armazenamento de mistura de
amostras também pode ser acoplado à linha de retirada. [00054] In addition, a storage container of mixture of samples can also be coupled to the withdrawal line.
[00055] E importante salientar que, quando a mistura de amostras é retirada do dispositivo por meio da linha de retirada, a mesma pode ser direcionada para o sistema de válvulas para observação do efeito Joule- Thomson ou para o recipiente de armazenamento de mistura de amostras, ou ainda ser direcionada para ambos simultaneamente. [00055] It is important to note that when the sample mixture is removed from the device via the withdrawal line, it can be directed to the valve system for observation of the Joule-Thomson effect or to the mixing mixture storage vessel. samples, or be directed to both simultaneously.
[00056] Em um modo de concretização alternativo da presente invenção, o dispositivo aqui descrito compreende um sistema de aquisição de imagem em tempo real como, por exemplo, uma câmera ou um microscópio digital. [00056] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the device described herein comprises a real-time image acquisition system, such as, for example, a camera or a digital microscope.
[00057] O dispositivo da presente invenção pode estar associado a um sistema de aquisição de dados que permite a abertura e fechamento de válvulas, o acionamento do sistema de bombeio automático dos fluidos e agitação e monitoramento em tempo real das informações de pressão, temperatura, torque e imagens dentro da célula. [00057] The device of the present invention can be associated with a data acquisition system that allows the opening and closing of valves, the activation of the automatic fluid pumping system and agitation and real-time monitoring of pressure, temperature, torque and images inside the cell.
[00058] Em uma modalidade alternativa da presente invenção, as informações de pressão e temperatura do dispositivo da presente invenção são obtidas por meio de sensores de temperatura (termopares ou termoresistência) e de pressão (manómetros e transdutores de pressão), que podem coletar dados da célula de pressão, do sistema de injeção de amostra fluida secundária e da linha de retirada da mistura de amostras fluidas. [00058] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the pressure and temperature information of the device of the present invention is obtained by means of temperature sensors (thermocouples or resistance thermometers) and pressure sensors (manometers and pressure transducers), which can collect data the pressure cell, the secondary fluid sample injection system and the fluid sample removal line.
[00059] Diante das características do dispositivo da presente invenção, é possível a avaliação e previsão do comportamento de fases dos fluidos nas condições de variações de pressão e temperatura nas quais são submetidos durante o escoamento na horizontal e na vertical de reservatórios fósseis até as condições na superfície. [00059] Given the characteristics of the device of the present invention, it is possible to evaluate and predict the phase behavior of fluids under conditions of pressure and temperature variations in which they are subjected during the horizontal and vertical flow of fossil reservoirs up to the conditions on the surface.
[00060] Devido à complexidade e variedade de fenômenos que ocorre durante o escoamento, o dispositivo é de ampla abrangência, visto que permite a simulação de cada fenômeno individualmente através de ajustes no dispositivo.
[00061] O dispositivo da presente invenção viabiliza, por exemplo, as seguintes avaliações: a despressurização gradual do fluido, conforme observado durante a produção de óleo e gás; estudo do potencial de risco de formação de hidratos e parafinas para definição de alternativas de mitigação destas ocorrências em campo; análise do efeito Joule-Thomson, análise do desempenho de produtos químicos com diferentes funções para recomendação de injeção em campo; análise da partição de produtos químicos/solventes no gás ou líquido (contaminação) para evitar problemas operacionais; realização da titulação de solventes em petróleo em condição de alta pressão e temperatura para avaliar estabilidade em relação à precipitação de asfaltenos durante a produção; correlação da viscosidade do fluido em diferentes condições de pressão e temperatura através do torque do agitador para prever a mobilidade do fluido na linha de produção; preparação de diagrama de fases de mistura de gases para validar simulações matemáticas e gerar novas correlações, especialmente no caso de misturas de gases; realização da separação das frações polares de petróleos (desasfaltação) como alternativa para redução de viscosidade de petróleo; dentre outras aplicações. [00060] Due to the complexity and variety of phenomena that occurs during the flow, the device is of wide scope, since it allows the simulation of each phenomenon individually through adjustments in the device. [00061] The device of the present invention enables, for example, the following assessments: the gradual depressurization of the fluid, as observed during the production of oil and gas; study of the potential risk of formation of hydrates and paraffins to define alternatives to mitigate these occurrences in the field; analysis of the Joule-Thomson effect, analysis of the performance of chemicals with different functions for recommendation of injection in the field; analysis of the partition of chemicals / solvents in the gas or liquid (contamination) to avoid operational problems; carrying out the titration of solvents in oil under high pressure and temperature conditions to assess stability in relation to the precipitation of asphaltenes during production; correlation of fluid viscosity under different pressure and temperature conditions through the torque of the agitator to predict fluid mobility in the production line; preparation of a gas mixture phase diagram to validate mathematical simulations and generate new correlations, especially in the case of gas mixtures; performing the separation of polar oil fractions (de-asphalting) as an alternative to reduce oil viscosity; among other applications.
[00062] Dessa forma, a presente invenção consegue representar o escoamento de fluidos em campo de produção e ainda simular experimentalmente um problema ocorrido em campo, sendo possível alcançar soluções em um curto intervalo de tempo. [00062] In this way, the present invention is able to represent the flow of fluids in the production field and still simulate experimentally a problem occurred in the field, being possible to reach solutions in a short period of time.
[00063] A presente invenção também provê um método para estudo de comportamento de fases de amostra fluida de origem fóssil utilizando o dispositivo aqui descrito. [00063] The present invention also provides a method for studying the behavior of fossil fluid sample phases using the device described herein.
[00064] O método da presente invenção compreende as seguintes etapas: (a) injetar a amostra fluida de origem fóssil na célula de pressão; (b) ajustar as condições de temperatura da célula de pressão por meio de um sistema de controle de temperatura; (c) ajustar as condições de pressão da célula de pressão por meio do acionamento de um êmbolo; (d) injetar uma
amostra fluida secundária na célula de pressão; e (e) monitorar as informações obtidas por meio de um sistema de aquisição de dados e de automação. [00064] The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: (a) injecting the fluid sample of fossil origin into the pressure cell; (b) adjusting the temperature conditions of the pressure cell using a temperature control system; (c) adjust the pressure conditions of the pressure cell by activating a plunger; (d) injecting a secondary fluid sample in the pressure cell; and (e) monitor the information obtained through a data acquisition and automation system.
[00065] Preferencialmente, a amostra fluida de origem fóssil é selecionada dentre petróleo e gás natural. Pode, ainda, ser utilizada uma mistura sintética de hidrocarbonetos simulando fluidos produzidos por reservatórios fósseis. [00065] Preferably, the fluid sample of fossil origin is selected from oil and natural gas. It can also be used a synthetic mixture of hydrocarbons simulating fluids produced by fossil reservoirs.
[00066] A amostra fluida secundária injetada na célula de pressão, de acordo com o método da presente invenção, pode ser qualquer fluido em que haja interesse de estudo de seu comportamento junto com a amostra fluida de origem fóssil. Exemplos: água, metano, etano, propano, butano, CO2 ou mistura de dois ou mais destes. [00066] The secondary fluid sample injected into the pressure cell, according to the method of the present invention, can be any fluid in which there is an interest in studying its behavior together with the fluid sample of fossil origin. Examples: water, methane, ethane, propane, butane, CO2 or a mixture of two or more of these.
[00067] Em uma modalidade alternativa, o presente método compreende a injeção de pelo menos um produto químico na célula de pressão. [00067] In an alternative embodiment, the present method comprises the injection of at least one chemical product in the pressure cell.
[00068] Pelo menos um produto químico é selecionado a partir do grupo que consiste agente inibidor de asfaltenos, de incrustação, de hidratos e de parafinas, agente desemulsificante e solvente orgânico. Exemplos de produto químico adicionado são monoetileno glicol (MEG), trietileno glicol (TEG) e produtos à base de etanol. [00068] At least one chemical product is selected from the group consisting of asphaltene inhibiting agent, scale, hydrates and paraffins, demulsifying agent and organic solvent. Examples of added chemicals are monoethylene glycol (MEG), triethylene glycol (TEG) and ethanol products.
[00069] Em um modo de concretização do método aqui descrito, a injeção da amostra fluida secundária é feita por uma primeira bomba, enquanto a injeção do pelo menos um produto químico é realizada por uma segunda bomba, as quais podem ser automáticas e/ou manuais. [00069] In an embodiment of the method described here, the injection of the secondary fluid sample is done by a first pump, while the injection of at least one chemical product is performed by a second pump, which can be automatic and / or manuals.
[00070] Ressalta-se que a descrição que se segue partirá de uma concretização preferencial da invenção. No entanto, a invenção não está limitada a essa concretização particular. [00070] It should be noted that the description that follows will start from a preferred embodiment of the invention. However, the invention is not limited to that particular embodiment.
[00071] A figura 1 ilustra a vista lateral em corte do dispositivo de acordo com a concretização preferencial da presente invenção. [00071] Figure 1 illustrates the side sectional view of the device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
[00072] O dispositivo para estudo de comportamento de fases de
amostra fluida de origem fóssil compreende uma célula de pressão 1, que, por sua vez, compreende um êmbolo 2 para ajuste de volume interno e de pressão, um agitador 3 para homogeneização de fluidos e manutenção do escoamento e um visor 4. [00072] The device for studying the behavior of phases of fluid sample of fossil origin comprises a pressure cell 1, which in turn comprises a plunger 2 for adjusting internal volume and pressure, an agitator 3 for fluid homogenization and flow maintenance and a sight glass 4.
[00073] O dispositivo da figura 1 compreende um sistema de controle de temperatura 5, capaz de manter a célula de pressão em uma temperatura na faixa de 0 a 200° C. [00073] The device of figure 1 comprises a temperature control system 5, capable of maintaining the pressure cell at a temperature in the range of 0 to 200 ° C.
[00074] O sistema de alimentação de amostra fluida de origem fóssil do dispositivo representado na figura 1 é composto por um recipiente 7 e uma válvula 8. [00074] The fluid sample feeding system of fossil origin of the device shown in figure 1 consists of a container 7 and a valve 8.
[00075] O dispositivo da figura 1 também compreende um sistema de injeção de amostra fluida secundária 9, uma sonda NIR 10 e uma linha de retirada da mistura de amostras fluidas 11, na qual está acoplado um sistema de válvulas para observação do efeito Joule-Thomson 12. [00075] The device of figure 1 also comprises a secondary fluid sample injection system 9, a NIR probe 10 and a fluid sample removal line 11, in which is fitted a valve system for observing the Joule- Thomson 12.
[00076] A figura 2 ilustra o fluxograma de um modo de concretização do dispositivo da presente invenção. [00076] Figure 2 illustrates the flow chart of an embodiment of the device of the present invention.
[00077] O sistema de alimentação de uma amostra fluida de origem fóssil, compreendendo um recipiente 7 e uma válvula 8, é conectado a uma célula de pressão 1 para o estudo de comportamento de fases da referida amostra. [00077] The system for feeding a fluid sample of fossil origin, comprising a container 7 and a valve 8, is connected to a pressure cell 1 for the study of the phase behavior of said sample.
[00078] Uma mistura de duas amostras fluidas secundárias 16 e 16’ é injetada por meio de uma primeira bomba 17 na célula de pressão para a avaliação do comportamento multifásico da amostra fluida de origem fóssil na presença da referida mistura. [00078] A mixture of two secondary fluid samples 16 and 16 'is injected by means of a first pump 17 into the pressure cell to assess the multiphasic behavior of the fluid sample of fossil origin in the presence of said mixture.
[00079] Para a avaliação do comportamento, o êmbolo 2 permite o ajuste de volume interno e de pressão e o agitador 3 homogeneíza as misturas fluidas, além de manter o escoamento no dispositivo. [00079] For the behavior evaluation, the plunger 2 allows the adjustment of internal volume and pressure and the agitator 3 homogenizes the fluid mixtures, in addition to maintaining the flow in the device.
[00080] Para controle de temperatura da célula de pressão 1, o dispositivo compreende um sistema de controle de temperatura 5, capaz de
manter a célula de pressão em uma temperatura na faixa de 0 a 200°C. [00080] For temperature control of pressure cell 1, the device comprises a temperature control system 5, capable of keep the pressure cell at a temperature in the range 0 to 200 ° C.
[00081] O visor 4, juntamente com o sistema de aquisição de imagem em tempo real, representado na figura 2 por uma câmera 13, permite a visualização das mudanças ocorridas. A sonda NIR 10, por sua vez, permite a identificação de sólidos formados. [00081] The display 4, together with the real-time image acquisition system, represented in figure 2 by a camera 13, allows the visualization of the changes that have occurred. The NIR 10 probe, in turn, allows the identification of formed solids.
[00082] O dispositivo representado pela figura 2 também compreende uma linha de injeção 18 de um produto químico que compreende uma segunda bomba 19. [00082] The device represented by figure 2 also comprises an injection line 18 of a chemical product comprising a second pump 19.
[00083] Além disso, o dispositivo da figura 2 compreende ainda dois dispositivos 20, 20’ adicionais para transferência, armazenamento e mistura de fluidos. [00083] In addition, the device of figure 2 further comprises two additional devices 20, 20 'for transferring, storing and mixing fluids.
[00084] Na linha de retirada da mistura de amostras fluidas 11, está acoplado um viscosímetro 14, assim como um recipiente de armazenamento de mistura de amostras 15. [00084] A viscometer 14, as well as a sample mixing storage container 15, is attached to the fluid sample removal line 11.
[00085] Também na linha de retirada da mistura 11, está acoplado um sistema de válvulas para observação do efeito Joule-Thomson, que compreende as válvulas 21 (quebra de pressão) e 21’ (contra-pressão), o termopar 22 e os sensores de pressão 23 e 24. [00085] Also in the line of removal of the mixture 11, a system of valves for the observation of the Joule-Thomson effect is coupled, which comprises the valves 21 (pressure drop) and 21 '(back pressure), the thermocouple 22 and the pressure sensors 23 and 24.
EXEMPLO: EXAMPLE:
Exemplo 1: Identificação da formação de sólidos em petróleo por injeção de gás (transição líquido-sólido) Example 1: Identification of the formation of solids in oil by gas injection (liquid-solid transition)
[00086] Foram feitas duas titulações de amostras de petróleo, uma com propano e outra com CO2 nas vazões de 2mL/min, nas condições de pressão de 80 bar e 68°C na célula de pressão. A observação de formação de sólidos foi avaliada por meio da sonda NIR. A figura 3 apresenta a curva das titulações nestas condições. [00086] Two titrations of oil samples were made, one with propane and the other with CO2 at flow rates of 2mL / min, under pressure conditions of 80 bar and 68 ° C in the pressure cell. The observation of solid formation was evaluated using the NIR probe. Figure 3 shows the titration curve in these conditions.
[00087] Na figura 3 pode ser observado que a adição de 1,0 ml de propano, para cada grama de petróleo, proporcionou alteração na absorbância da amostra, o que indica a desestabilização do petróleo, ou seja, precipitação
de frações pesadas (asfaltenos). Por outro lado, pode ser percebido que a injeção de CO2 não alterou a estabilidade da amostra de petróleo nestas condições de pressão e temperatura. [00087] In figure 3, it can be seen that the addition of 1.0 ml of propane, for each gram of oil, caused a change in the absorbance of the sample, which indicates the destabilization of oil, that is, precipitation heavy fractions (asphaltenes). On the other hand, it can be seen that the injection of CO2 did not change the stability of the oil sample under these conditions of pressure and temperature.
[00088] Estas informações são importantes para prever a formação de depósitos nas tubulações em diferentes condições de temperatura e pressão durante a produção. [00088] This information is important to predict the formation of deposits in the pipes under different conditions of temperature and pressure during production.
[00089] A descrição que se fez até aqui do objeto da presente invenção deve ser considerada apenas como uma possível ou possíveis concretizações, e quaisquer características particulares nelas introduzidas devem ser entendidas apenas como algo que foi escrito para facilitar a compreensão. [00089] The description that has been made so far of the object of the present invention should be considered only as a possible or possible embodiments, and any particular characteristics introduced therein should be understood only as something that has been written to facilitate understanding.
[00090] Desta forma, reforça-se o fato de que inúmeras variações incidindo no escopo de proteção do presente pedido são permitidas, não estando a presente invenção limitada às configurações/concretizações particulares acima descritas.
[00090] In this way, it is reinforced the fact that innumerable variations affecting the scope of protection of this application are allowed, the present invention being not limited to the particular configurations / embodiments described above.
Claims
1. Dispositivo para estudo de comportamento de fases de amostra fluida de origem fóssil, caracterizado por compreender: 1. Device for studying the behavior of phases of fluid sample of fossil origin, characterized by comprising:
a) uma célula de pressão (1) capaz de operar em pressões de 1 e 400 bar, dita célula compreendendo um êmbolo (2), um agitador (3) e um visor (4); a) a pressure cell (1) capable of operating at pressures of 1 and 400 bar, said cell comprising a piston (2), an agitator (3) and a display (4);
b) um sistema de controle de temperatura (5), em que dito sistema mantém a célula de pressão em uma temperatura na faixa de 0 a 200°C; b) a temperature control system (5), in which said system maintains the pressure cell at a temperature in the range of 0 to 200 ° C;
c) um sistema de alimentação de amostra fluida de origem fóssil; c) a fluid sample feeding system of fossil origin;
d) um sistema de injeção de amostra fluida secundária (9); e) uma sonda NIR (10); d) a secondary fluid sample injection system (9); e) a NIR probe (10);
f) uma linha de retirada da mistura de amostras fluidas (11); e g) um sistema de válvulas para avaliar o efeito Joule-Thomson f) a line for removing the fluid sample mixture (11); and g) a valve system to assess the Joule-Thomson effect
(12). (12).
2. Dispositivo de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por compreender adicionalmente h) uma estrutura pivotante, em que dita estrutura mantém a célula (1) em uma posição selecionada dentre vertical e horizontal. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises h) a pivoting structure, in which said structure maintains the cell (1) in a selected position from vertical and horizontal.
3. Dispositivo de acordo com a reivindicação 1 ou 2, caracterizado por compreender i) um sistema de aquisição de imagem em tempo real. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises i) a real-time image acquisition system.
4. Dispositivo de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 3, caracterizado por dita amostra fluida de origem fóssil ser selecionada dentre petróleo e gás natural. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said fluid sample of fossil origin is selected from oil and natural gas.
5. Dispositivo de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 4, caracterizado por dita amostra fluida secundária ser selecionada dentre água, metano, etano, propano, butano, CO2 ou mistura de dois ou mais destes.
Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said secondary fluid sample is selected from water, methane, ethane, propane, butane, CO2 or a mixture of two or more of these.
6. Dispositivo de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 5, caracterizado por dito sistema de controle de temperatura (5) compreender um banho termostático. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said temperature control system (5) comprises a thermostatic bath.
7. Dispositivo de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 6, caracterizado por dito sistema de injeção de amostra fluida secundária compreender uma primeira bomba (17) que direciona a amostra fluida secundária para o interior da célula de pressão. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said secondary fluid sample injection system comprises a first pump (17) which directs the secondary fluid sample into the pressure cell.
8. Dispositivo de acordo com a reivindicação 7, caracterizado por compreender uma linha de injeção (18) de pelo menos um produto químico selecionado dentre agente inibidor de asfaltenos, de incrustação, de hidratos e de parafinas, agente desemulsificante e solvente orgânico compreendendo uma segunda bomba (19). Device according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises an injection line (18) of at least one chemical product selected from an asphaltene-inhibiting agent, scale, hydrates and paraffins, demulsifying agent and organic solvent comprising a second pump (19).
9. Dispositivo de acordo com a reivindicação 8, caracterizado por dito pelo menos um produto químico ser selecionado dentre monoetileno glicol (MEG), trietileno glicol (TEG) e produtos à base de etanol. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said at least one chemical is selected from monoethylene glycol (MEG), triethylene glycol (TEG) and ethanol-based products.
10. Dispositivo de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 8, caracterizado por dito agitador (3) ser mecânico e dito visor (4) ser de safira. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said agitator (3) is mechanical and said display (4) is sapphire.
11. Dispositivo de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 10, caracterizado por dito êmbolo (2) ser um êmbolo de dupla ação, em que o avanço é hidráulico e o recuo é pneumático. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said piston (2) is a double-acting piston, in which the advance is hydraulic and the recoil is pneumatic.
12. Dispositivo de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 11, caracterizado por compreender um viscosímetro (14) acoplado à linha de retirada de amostra. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a viscometer (14) coupled to the sample removal line.
13. Método para estudo de comportamento de fases de amostra fluida de origem fóssil que utiliza o dispositivo conforme definido em qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 12, caracterizado por compreender as seguintes etapas: 13. Method for studying the behavior of fluid sample phases of fossil origin using the device as defined in any of claims 1 to 12, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) injetar a amostra fluida de origem fóssil na célula de
pressão (1); (a) inject the fluid sample of fossil origin into the pressure (1);
(b) ajustar as condições de temperatura da célula de pressão (1) por meio de um sistema de controle de temperatura (5); (b) adjust the temperature conditions of the pressure cell (1) by means of a temperature control system (5);
(c) ajustar as condições de pressão da célula de pressão (1) por meio do acionamento de um êmbolo (2); (c) adjust the pressure conditions of the pressure cell (1) by actuating a plunger (2);
(d) injetar uma amostra fluida secundária na célula de pressão (d) injecting a secondary fluid sample into the pressure cell
(l); e (l); and
(e) monitorar as informações obtidas por meio de um sistema de aquisição de dados e de automação. (e) monitor the information obtained through a data acquisition and automation system.
14. Método de acordo com a reivindicação 13, caracterizado por compreender a injeção de pelo menos um produto químico na célula de pressão (1), em que o pelo menos um produto químico é selecionado a partir do grupo que consiste agente inibidor de asfaltenos, de incrustação, de hidratos e de parafinas, agente desemulsificante e solvente orgânico. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises the injection of at least one chemical product in the pressure cell (1), wherein the at least one chemical product is selected from the group consisting of an asphaltene-inhibiting agent, scale, hydrates and paraffins, demulsifying agent and organic solvent.
15. Dispositivo e método que viabiliza o estudo do comportamento de fases de fluidos nas condições de pressão e temperatura representativas do escoamento multifásico do reservatório até as instalações de superfície.
15. Device and method that enables the study of the behavior of fluid phases under pressure and temperature conditions representative of the multiphase flow from the reservoir to the surface installations.
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