WO2020042927A1

WO2020042927A1 - Blockchain public chain

Info

Publication number: WO2020042927A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/101041
Authority: WO
Inventors: 吴先锋; 李冬云
Original assignee: 白杰
Priority date: 2018-08-28
Filing date: 2019-08-16
Publication date: 2020-03-05

Abstract

A blockchain public chain, the public chain comprising an equity owner node that has a valid address and a non-zero number of certificate holders; further comprising: a public chain maintainer node selected by the equity owner node from nodes of the public chain at each preset time interval; and a public chain maintainer node used for maintaining transactions of the public chain and public chain affairs related to a smart contract. In the present application, the equity owner node selects the public chain maintainer node to maintain the public chain. Since the equity owner node periodically selects the public chain maintainer node according to the preset time intervals, the node acting as the maintainer is in a dynamic change, and a fixed node no longer acts as the public chain maintainer node, which reduces the possibility of the public chain being broken, and may improve the security of the public chain. Moreover, the public chain maintainer node is a part of nodes in the public chain, which thus avoids the entire network operation of public chain maintenance. Therefore, the efficiency of the public chain operation may be improved while taking into account the efficiency and security of the public chain.

Description

Blockchain public chain

This application requires the submission of the China Patent Office on August 28, 2018, application number 201810986825.3, the invention name as "Blockchain Standard Application Model and Application Method", and the submission of the China Patent Office on December 7, 2018, application number The priority of the Chinese patent application is 201811497989.6 and the invention name is "Blockchain Public Chain", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical field

This application relates to blockchain technology, and in particular, to a blockchain public chain.

Background technique

Blockchain provides a decentralized system idea. The most fundamental principle of this idea is to create a relatively objective and non-repudiation digital environment through public consensus. Blockchain public chain refers to a physical chain composed of multiple nodes that provide public services. As shown in FIG. 1, the public chain 101 includes multiple nodes, and these nodes together form a point-to-point network. The blockchain is essentially a distributed public ledger. It is a data chain formed by multiple data blocks and maintained by nodes in the public chain.

In the existing blockchain technology, there are mainly two types of public chains. One is a public chain represented by Ethereum. Each node in the public chain must participate in the maintenance of the public chain. This maintenance method uses a completely decentralized method. Therefore, when there are too many nodes in the public chain, or There are access chains, such as industry chains, alliance chains, and other public chains. When accessing the public chain and causing cross-chain operations, the efficiency of the public chain operation will be too low. As shown in Figure 1, all nodes in the public chain 101 participate in the maintenance of the public chain. The other is a public chain represented by a commercial distributed application blockchain operating system (Enterprise, Operating System, EOS), and 21 public nodes fixed in the public chain are used as maintenance nodes to maintain the public chain. This maintenance method only uses some nodes to maintain the public chain, which can improve efficiency. However, adopting a fixed, limited number of nodes to maintain the public chain will increase the possibility of the maintained nodes being breached, thereby reducing the security of the public chain.

In the prior art, no matter the public chain represented by Ethereum or the public chain represented by EOS, both of its own efficiency and security cannot be taken into account.

Summary of the Invention

This application provides a blockchain public chain, which can be used to solve the problem that both the public chain represented by Ethereum and the public chain represented by EOS in the prior art cannot balance their own efficiency and security. Aspects.

On the one hand, the present application provides a blockchain public chain, which includes an equity owner node with a valid address and the number of certificate holdings is not zero. The public chain further includes: A public chain maintainer node selected from the nodes of the public chain at a time interval;

The public chain maintainer node is used to maintain public chain transactions and smart contract related public chain transactions.

Optionally, the public chain further includes: a parachain node, which is a common node of the public chain and an access chain accessing the public chain; wherein the parachain nodes include The parachain maintainer node selected by the equity owner node from the parachain nodes;

The parallel chain maintainer node is configured to maintain related cross-chain transactions between the public chain and the access chain.

Optionally, the public chain further includes: a supervisor node transformed by an equity owner node that has not been selected as the maintainer node of the public chain;

The supervisor node is used to detect whether the block of the blockchain is valid when receiving the blockchain of the public chain, and to store the area when the block of the blockchain is valid Block chain, when the block of the block chain is invalid, the block chain is discarded.

Optionally, the public chain further includes: a data storage node, configured to receive a storage request sent by the equity owner node, where the storage request includes data to be stored by the equity owner node, and according to The storage request distributedly stores data to be stored by the rights owner node.

Optionally, the public chain further includes a public chain service provider node for providing a public chain service to the access chain. The public chain service includes: querying the transactions and smart contracts of the public chain, and querying the public chain. Describe the information and transaction summary of the access chain, create sub-chains, and access applications outside the public chain.

Optionally, the duration of the preset time interval is greater than the duration required to select the public chain maintainer node, and less than the duration required to break the public chain maintainer.

Optionally, the equity owner node is configured to obtain candidate information of each candidate node, the candidate information includes a node identifier, candidate data, and mortgage credentials, and the node identifier is used to uniquely indicate a candidate node The mortgage voucher is used to indicate the number of certificate passes paid by the candidate node, and the candidate data is a random number used to improve the randomness of the public chain maintainer node selection;

According to the candidate data of the candidate node, the public chain maintainer node is determined among the candidate nodes.

The equity owner node is specifically used for:

Classifying the candidate nodes into k groups of candidate nodes, each group including M candidate nodes;

Determining the mean deviation of the candidate data of each candidate node in a corresponding group of candidate nodes;

Sort the nodes of each group of candidate nodes from large to small according to the magnitude of the mean deviation;

Selecting the first node in each group of candidate nodes

The candidate nodes are the public chain maintainer nodes, where k ′ is the sequence number of a group of candidate nodes in the k group of candidate nodes.

Optionally, the value range of the number of the public chain maintainer nodes

Wherein, n represents the number of the candidate nodes.

The solution provided in this application includes an equity owner node and a public chain maintainer node in the public chain. The equity owner node selects the public chain maintainer node, and the selected public chain maintainer node maintains the public chain. Because the public chain maintainer nodes are periodically selected according to a preset time interval, the node acting as the maintainer is dynamically changing, and no fixed node is acting as the public chain maintainer node, which reduces the possibility of the public chain being breached. It can improve the security of the public chain; moreover, the maintainer node of the public chain is part of the public chain, which avoids the entire network operation of the public chain maintenance, so it can improve the efficiency of the public chain operation. Since this application takes into account both the efficiency and security aspects of the public chain, the public chain can handle highly concurrent transactions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are just some embodiments of the application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative labor.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a blockchain public chain;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a blockchain public chain according to an exemplary embodiment;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a blockchain public chain according to another exemplary embodiment;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a blockchain public chain according to another exemplary embodiment.

detailed description

In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In the blockchain public chain provided by this application, by dividing the roles of nodes in the public chain, nodes with different functional roles are jointly responsible for the operation of the public chain. By dividing the functional roles of nodes, nodes with different functions can participate in the operation of the public chain, ensuring that all nodes can obtain benefits in the public chain network. Among them, the maintenance of the public chain is achieved through the equity owner node and the public chain maintainer node in the public chain, and a better balance can be achieved between the efficiency and security of the public chain. Please refer to FIG. 2, which illustrates a schematic diagram of a node role of a public blockchain.

The public chain 20 includes an equity owner node 201 and a public chain maintainer node 202. The equity owner node 201 periodically selects the public chain maintainer node 202 from the nodes of the public chain 20. After selection, the nodes in the equity owner node 201 can be converted into the public chain maintainer node 202. The public chain maintainer node 202 maintains public chain transactions and smart contract related public chain transactions. Among them, the equity owner node 201 refers to a node that has a valid address and the number of certificate holdings is not zero. Among them, having a valid address is to ensure that the equity owner node 201 can communicate with other nodes on the public chain 20, and Zenith is a value interaction medium in the blockchain network. The equity owner node 201 only has a non-zero holding amount. Only Zentong can participate in the operation of the public chain. For example, if an equity owner node A purchases services from another equity owner node B, then the equity owner node A needs to have a valid address and a certificate that can communicate with it in order to trade with the equity owner node B and purchase the equity owner Node B provides services.

In order to periodically select the public chain maintainer node 202, the selected nodes are selected every preset time interval, thereby periodically changing the nodes that maintain the public chain 20, reducing the possibility of the public chain 20 being breached, and improving the public chain 20's safety.

The length of the preset time interval is greater than the time required to select the public chain maintainer node 202, and less than the time required to break the public chain maintainer node 202. The time required to select the public chain maintainer node 202 refers to the time required to complete a public chain maintainer node 202 selection. For example, the equity owner node 201 responsible for the selection needs 5 minutes to complete a single selection. Then, when the selection interval is less than 5 minutes, the first selection has not been completed, and the equity owner node 201 has already started the second selection, resulting in the inability to successfully select the public chain maintainer node 202. Therefore, in order to ensure that the selection can be completed within a time interval, the length of the preset time interval needs to be longer than the time required to select the public chain maintainer node 202.

The time required to break the public chain maintainer node 202 can be determined according to the brute force cracking time of the encryption and decryption algorithm used by the public chain node, or it can be determined based on the history of the public chain node being attacked. For example, historical records show that the shortest time for a public chain node to be breached is 30 minutes, the longest time is 40 minutes, and the average time is 36 minutes. Then, if the duration of the preset time interval is greater than 40 minutes, the public chain maintainer node 202 is more likely to be broken when under attack; if the duration of the preset time interval is less than 30 minutes, the public chain maintainer node 202 It is less likely to be breached under attack. Therefore, in order to avoid that the public chain maintainer node 202 is breached due to the time interval being too long and the selection frequency being too low, the length of the preset time interval needs to be less than the time required to breach the public chain maintainer node 202.

In a possible implementation manner, the duration of the preset time interval is 5 to 30 minutes. The length of the preset time interval is one hundred accounting periods. The accounting period refers to the time when a block is generated. The duration of the accounting period is 10 seconds, and the duration of the preset time interval is 1000 seconds.

When the selection is started, the equity owner node 201 responsible for the selection triggers the selection of the smart contract. Selecting a smart contract is a smart contract used to select a public chain maintainer node 202. The equity owner node 201 responsible for selection may also be a public chain maintainer node in the current cycle. In addition, a single selection may be performed by multiple equity owner nodes 201 at the same time, with the selection result of the equity owner node 201 that is completed first as the final result.

In the selection, the equity owner node 201 responsible for the selection selects the public chain maintainer node according to a predetermined rule. The predetermined rule may be set according to actual experience, may specify conditions to be met by candidate nodes participating in selection, may specify specific selection methods, and may also specify the number of candidate nodes. The content of the predetermined rule is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.

First, for the participating nodes. The predetermined rule may include: the public chain nodes are all candidate nodes to participate in the selection; or, the nodes in the public chain 20 that meet the selection conditions are selected for the candidate nodes to participate in. In the first case, the public chain nodes are all candidate nodes to participate in the selection, which can ensure that all nodes in the public chain 20 can participate in the selection of the public chain maintainer node 202 in order to obtain the right to maintain the public chain 20 and ensure the fair selection. Sex. For example, if the public chain 20 has 10 nodes, all 10 nodes can participate in the selection. In the second case, nodes satisfying the selection conditions in the public chain 20 are selected as candidate nodes. Among them, the candidate conditions include at least the following: the node's data is complete, the node's resources are sufficient, and the node has more than a preset number of certificates. Among them, the completeness of a node's data means that the node has full data. Adequate node resources mean that the node's computing resources meet the requirements of maintaining the public chain, such as the computing frequency of the central processing unit (CPU), memory size, and disk storage space. Candidate nodes are restricted by the selection conditions to prevent nodes that do not have the ability to maintain the public chain from participating in the selection. The candidate conditions may also include: the candidate node is a non-public chain maintainer node. Only non-public chain maintainer nodes can become candidate nodes, avoiding one node continuously serving as the public chain maintainer node 202, and ensuring that other nodes in the public chain 20 also have the opportunity to serve as public chain maintainer nodes 202. Exemplarily, the public chain 20 has 10 nodes, and 2 public chain maintainer nodes need to be selected. At the current moment, node A and node B serve as the maintainer nodes of the public chain. When selecting, node A and node B cannot become candidate nodes. Select nodes Select the public chain maintainer node from the remaining 8 nodes.

Secondly, for the selection method, the predetermined rule may include: randomly selecting among candidate nodes; or selecting according to the security performance of the candidate nodes; or selecting according to the credit records of the candidate nodes and the like. Among them, the method of randomly selecting among candidate nodes is to ensure the fairness of the selection. For example, a public chain maintainer node is randomly selected from 10 candidate nodes, and each candidate node is selected with the same probability, thereby ensuring the fairness of the selection. The selection method according to the security performance of candidate nodes can select a public chain maintainer node 202 with high security performance, reducing the possibility of the public chain maintainer node 202 being breached, thereby improving the security of the public chain. For example, a public chain maintainer node 202 is selected from the three candidate nodes. According to historical records, the times that the three nodes were breached were 0, 1, and 4, respectively. Then, the candidate node that has been breached 0 times has the highest security performance and is selected as the public chain maintainer node 202. Select according to the candidate node's credit record to avoid selecting the public chain maintainer node 202 with bad credit record.

In addition, the preset rules may also include a regulation on the number of candidate nodes, a regulation on the number of public chain maintainer nodes 202, and the like. The examples of this application are not listed here one by one.

After the selection, the selected public chain maintainer node 202 maintains the public chain 20 before the next selection. The maintenance of the public chain 20 refers to the maintenance of the blockchain of the public chain 20, including the maintenance of public chain 20 transactions, smart contract and other related public chain transactions. For example, the public chain maintainer node 202, as the node maintaining the public chain 20, needs to record the transactions of the public chain 20. The transaction information recorded in each block of the blockchain not only indicates the transactions actually performed by each node, such as payment transactions and exchange transactions, but also events that occur in the public chain 20. Events that occur in the blockchain public chain are also recorded in the block in the form of transaction information, such as the selection result of the public chain maintainer node 202. When the transaction information indicates the selection result of the public chain maintainer node 202, after the public chain maintainer node 202 is selected, the current public chain maintainer node writes the selection result into the block and synchronizes to all nodes.

It should be noted that because the selected public chain maintainer node 202 has a valid address and the number of certificate holders held is not zero, the public chain maintainer node 202 still has the function of an equity owner node. Periodic public chain maintainer node. However, the current public chain maintainer node cannot become the public chain maintainer node again to ensure the fairness of the public chain.

The public chain provided in this application includes an equity owner node and a public chain maintainer node. The equity owner node selects the public chain maintainer node, and the selected public chain maintainer node maintains the public chain. Because the public chain maintainer nodes are periodically selected according to a preset time interval, the node acting as the maintainer is dynamically changing, and no fixed node is acting as the public chain maintainer node, which reduces the possibility of the public chain being breached. It can improve the security of the public chain; moreover, the maintainer node of the public chain is part of the public chain, which avoids the entire network operation of the public chain maintenance, so it can improve the efficiency of the public chain operation. Since this application takes into account both the efficiency and security aspects of the public chain, the public chain can handle highly concurrent transactions.

Regarding the predetermined rule for selecting the public chain maintainer node 202, the embodiment of this application only introduces the selection rule of randomly selecting the public chain maintainer node 202 among the candidate nodes that meet the selection conditions, but does not cause specific predetermined rules. limited. When selecting the equity owner node 201, it can be selected according to different predetermined rules, which has satisfied different needs of the public chain 20. For other predetermined rules, the embodiments of this application are not listed here one by one.

In the embodiment of the present application, when a node that meets the conditions for election in the public chain 20 participates in the selection of the public chain maintainer node 202, it triggers the selection of a smart contract to register its own election information. The equity owner node 201 obtains the candidate information of each candidate node by selecting a smart contract. Among them, the candidate conditions include: the node's data is complete, the node's resources are sufficient, and the node has more than a preset number of certificates. The candidate information includes node identification, candidate data and mortgage credentials. The node identifier is used to uniquely indicate a candidate node, such as a node's hash address. The mortgage certificate is used to indicate the number of STOs that the candidate node pays. The candidate data is a random number used to randomly select the public chain maintainer node 202 to improve the randomness of the public chain maintainer node 202 selection.

Second, the equity owner node 201 randomly selects the public chain maintainer node 202 among the candidate nodes according to the candidate node's candidate data. The candidate node is a node that meets the above-mentioned candidate conditions. Therefore, each of the candidate nodes meets the requirements of the node 202 serving as the public chain maintainer. Since the candidate data of each candidate node is a random number, the public chain maintainer node 202 can be randomly selected according to the candidate node's candidate data, thereby achieving the purpose of random selection.

In the selection, the equity owner node 201 divides the candidate nodes into k groups of candidate nodes, each group including M candidate nodes. After grouping, the nodes calculate the mean deviation of the candidate data of each candidate node in the corresponding group of nodes according to the following relationship:

Among them, ΔR is the deviation of the candidate node's candidate data from the corresponding group of nodes, and R represents the candidate node's candidate data.

Represents the average of candidate data for this group of candidate nodes. Each node of each group of candidate nodes is then sorted in ascending order from the mean difference. After sorting, select the first node in each group of candidate nodes.

The candidate nodes are public chain maintainer nodes 202, and k public chain maintainer nodes 202 are obtained. Among them, k ′ is a sequence number of a group of candidate nodes in the k group of candidate nodes.

In another embodiment, when the candidate node has a public chain maintainer node 202 at the current time, the public chain maintainer node 202 at the current time is classified as the k + 1th candidate node. For a set of candidate nodes, when

When it is greater than M, the k + 1th candidate node is selected.

The candidate nodes are public chain maintainer nodes 202.

For example, in one selection, there are 15 candidate nodes, and the candidate node does not include the public chain maintainer node 202 at the current time. The 15 candidate nodes are divided into 5 groups, and each group includes 3 candidate nodes. Calculate the mean deviation of the candidate data of each candidate node in the corresponding group of nodes, and then sort each group of candidate nodes from large to small according to the mean deviation. In the first group of candidate nodes, the three candidate nodes are: node A, node B, and node C. The candidate data is 30, 50, and 52, and the average value of the candidate node selection data is 44. The mean deviations of the candidate nodes are 14, 6, and 8. The results of sorting the three nodes from largest to smallest are: node A, node C, and node B. The group of candidate nodes is the first group of candidate nodes, so the number of the group of candidate nodes is 1. Divide the group number 1 by the number of nodes in the group, and then round up to get the integer 1. Therefore, for the first group of candidate nodes, the sorted first node is finally selected as the public chain maintainer node 202, that is, node A is selected as the public chain maintainer node 202. Correspondingly, the second group and the third group of candidate nodes also select the sorted first node as the public chain maintainer node 202, and the fourth and fifth group of candidate nodes select the sorted second node as the public chain maintenance.者 node 202.

The value of k is

Among them, n represents the number of candidate nodes. For example, if 1000 nodes participate in the selection of the public chain maintainer node 202, 10 candidate nodes are finally selected as the public chain maintainer node 202.

After the selection is completed, the public chain maintainer node at the current moment records the node identifier and mortgage certificate of the selected public chain maintainer node 202, writes the node identifier and mortgage certificate into the block, and synchronizes to all nodes.

In the selection scheme provided in this application, when selecting a public chain maintainer node, the rights owner node uses the random number of the candidate data to randomly select among the candidate nodes. Because the public chain maintainer nodes are randomly selected, it guarantees the fairness of the public chain maintainer node selection, further reducing the possibility of nodes being broken, and improving the security of the public chain.

In a blockchain system, supporting cross-chains between different chains is an essential function. For example, cross-chains between public and private chains, cross-chains between different public chains, and cross-chains between public and alliance chains. For other chains accessing the public chain of the blockchain, this application is collectively referred to as an access chain. The public blockchain of the blockchain provided in the embodiments of the present application supports the manner in which the access chain enters the public chain through parallel links. Please refer to FIG. 3, which illustrates a schematic diagram of a node role of a public blockchain.

The public chain 20 includes an equity owner 201, a public chain maintainer node 202, and a parallel chain node 203. The parachain node 203 includes a parachain maintainer node 2031. The parallel chain node 203 is a common node of the public chain 20 and the access chain 21 that accesses the public chain 20. The public chain 20 and the access chain 21 implement cross-chain through a common parachain node 203. Since the parachain node 203 is a common node, the parachain node 203 can access the network of the public chain 20 to communicate with other nodes of the public chain 20, and also can access the network of the chain 21 to communicate with other nodes of the access chain 21, This completes the cross-chain operation.

When the access chain 21 accesses the public chain 20, the nodes in the public chain 20 can be transformed into parachain nodes 203, or the nodes in the access chain 21 can be transformed into parachain nodes 203. After the access chain 21 accesses the public chain 20, the equity owner node 201 selects the parallel chain maintainer node 2031 from the parallel chain nodes 203. The method of selecting the parachain maintainer node 2031 by the equity owner node 201 may be the same as that of the public chain maintainer node 202, and the parachain maintainer node 2031 may also be selected according to the needs of the access chain 21. Among them, the parachain maintainer node 2031 may be all the nodes in the parachain node 203, or may be a part of the nodes in the parachain node 203.

After the parachain maintainer node 2031 is selected, the parachain maintainer node 2031 maintains the related cross-chain transactions between the public chain 20 and the access chain 21 and maintains the parallel chain. Among them, related cross-chain transactions include the public chain 20 acquiring the blockchain of access chain 21, cross-chain transactions between public chain 20 and access chain 21, and the access of access chain 21 and other accesses to public chain 20 Cross-chain transactions between chains and other transactions related to cross-chain. The public chain 20 obtains the blockchain of the access chain 21 means that the public chain 20 obtains the information recorded by the blocks of the blockchain of the access chain 21 through the parallel chain node 203. The cross-chain transaction between the public chain 20 and the access chain 21 means that the public chain 20 and the access chain 21 conduct transactions as both parties to the transaction. In the cross-chain transactions between the access chain 21 and other access chains that access the public chain 20, the public chain 20, as an intermediate chain of the transaction, does not participate in the actual transaction, but cross-chain through the parachain node 203 The transaction provides support. For example, different access links are different between different access chains, and the public chain 20 provides exchange permits. Another example is to provide access chain 21 with information about other access chains, so that access chain 21 and other access The chain realizes cross-chain transactions.

In a possible implementation manner, the parallel chain node 203 and the public chain maintainer node 202 are the same node. This node also maintains public chain transactions, smart contract-related public chain transactions, and related cross-chain transactions between the public chain and the access chain.

In the public chain provided by the embodiment of FIG. 3, the cross-chain between the public chain and the access chain is realized through the parachain nodes, and the related cross-chain transactions between the public chain and the access chain are maintained through the parallel chain maintainer section. While the public chain is maintained by the equity owner's section and the public chain maintainer node, the cross-chain operation between the public chain and the access chain is implemented to prevent the cross-chain operation from adversely affecting the efficiency and security of the public chain.

In the public blockchain provided by the implementation of this application, in addition to the equity owner node, the public chain maintainer node, and the parallel chain node, it also includes a supervisor node, a data storage node, and a public chain service provider node. For details, please refer to FIG. 4, which illustrates a schematic diagram of a node role of a public blockchain.

The public chain 20 includes: an equity owner 201, a public chain maintainer node 202, a parallel chain node 203, a supervisor node 204, a data storage node 205, and a public chain service provider node 206. The parachain node 203 includes a parachain maintainer node 2031.

The supervisor node 204 is transformed from 201 points of the equity owner node that has not been selected as the public chain maintainer node 202. In the operation of the public chain, the supervisor node 204 is responsible for supervising the public chain maintainer node 202 and indirectly participates in the maintenance of the public chain. The supervisor node 204 can supervise the public chain maintainer node 202 in different ways.

First, when the public chain maintainer node 202 generates a new block, the block chain including the new block needs to be synchronized in the public chain 20. During the synchronization process, the supervisor node 204 supervises the public chain maintainer node 202 by detecting whether the block of the blockchain is valid. When the block of the blockchain is valid, the supervisor node 204 stores the blockchain, and when the block of the blockchain is invalid, the supervisor node 204 discards the blockchain. The effectiveness of the block of the blockchain requires that the number of blocks in the blockchain is greater than the blockchain stored locally by the supervisor node 204, and the transactions included in the blocks of the blockchain are all valid transactions.

Second, the supervisor node 204 detects whether the public chain maintainer node 202 has an illegal operation. When an illegal operation of the public chain maintainer node 202 is detected, a report information is broadcast in the public chain, and the report information is used to indicate that the public chain maintainer node 202 has an illegal operation. Accordingly, the reported public chain maintainer node 202 temporarily stops the maintenance of the public chain. When other nodes in the public chain determine that the report information is accurate, the supervisor node 204 can obtain a reward certificate pass; moreover, the reported public chain maintainer node 202 is removed. Among them, illegal operations include: packaging illegal transactions, double-spending operations, generating illegal blocks, generating illegal transactions, tampering with the transaction status tree, tampering with the receipt status tree, tampering with the storage status tree, and tampering with the contract calculation results. For example, the public chain maintainer node A violated the transaction rules of the public chain to perform transaction-related operations, and the supervisor node C detected the illegal operation of the public chain maintainer node A and broadcast related report information in the public chain. When other nodes in the public chain determine that the report information is accurate, the supervisor node C obtains the reward certificate pass. The rewarded token pass can be deducted from the token pass paid when the public chain maintainer node A participates in the selection.

Since the supervisor node 204 is converted from the equity owner node 201 points, the supervisor node 204 can participate in the selection of the public chain maintainer node 202 and be transformed into the public chain maintainer node 202. When the supervisor node 204 becomes the parachain node 203, it can also participate in the selection of the parachain maintainer node 2031 and be transformed into a parachain maintainer node 2031. In addition, the supervisor node 204 also supervises the parachain maintainer node 2031.

Through the supervisor node 204, other nodes than the public chain maintainer node 201 can indirectly participate in the maintenance of the public chain, further improving the efficiency of the public chain operation. And due to the supervision of the supervisor node 204, the illegal operation of the public chain maintainer node 201 is avoided, and the security of the public chain is improved.

The data storage node 205 is a node having a distributed data storage capability. The data storage node 205 stores data in the nodes of the public chain in a distributed manner, and at the same time, can quickly query and synchronize the stored data through the digest index. Therefore, the storage space of the data storage node 205 needs to be larger than a preset storage space size. For example, the preset storage size is 20GB (GigaByte). When storing information, the data storage node 205 receives the storage request sent by the equity owner node 201. The storage request includes the data to be stored by the equity owner node 201, and then distributes the data to be stored according to the size of the data in the storage request. It is stored in each data storage node 205.

Exemplarily, when the equity owner node D runs an application based on the public chain, it generates 100 GB of data to be stored. However, the equity owner node D has only 5GB of storage space and cannot store 100GB of data. At this time, the equity owner node D sends a storage request to the data storage node E. Each data storage node has at least 20GB of storage space. At this time, the data storage node E stores 100 GB of data distributed to five data storage nodes, and each data storage node stores 20 GB of data.

Through the data storage node 205, the distributed storage capability is provided in the public chain 20, the storage space of each node in the public chain 20 is fully utilized, and the operating efficiency of the public chain is improved.

A public chain service provider node 206 is used to provide a public chain service to an access chain. The public chain services include: querying the transactions and smart contracts of the public chain, querying the information and transaction summary of the access chain, creating sub-chains, and accessing the application chain outside the public chain 20.

Provide applications outside the public chain 20 to access the public chain 20. When an application wants to access the public chain 20, it can develop and deploy related programs through the smart contract provided by the public chain service provider node 206, which greatly shortens the application development cycle, reduces deployment difficulty, and reduces the probability of errors. At the same time, the public chain server node 206 integrates the interface of the blockchain system accordingly. Among them, the integrated interfaces include smart contract interfaces, application programmable interfaces, network interfaces and data interfaces. Applications outside the public chain 20 can access the public chain network based on these interfaces.

It should be noted that the role division of the nodes in the public chain in the above embodiments is based on the functions of the nodes, and different functions correspond to different roles. When a node in the public chain has multiple functions, it can serve multiple role nodes. For example, the public chain maintainer node also has the function of an equity owner node, and can select the public chain maintainer node in the next cycle; the supervisor node has a storage space larger than a preset size and can serve as a data storage node to provide data storage Service; the parachain maintainer node is selected as the public chain maintainer node, and both the public chain and the parachain are maintained.

Those skilled in the art will readily contemplate other embodiments of the present disclosure after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that conform to the general principles of this disclosure and include the common general knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field not disclosed by this disclosure. . It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise structure that has been described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the disclosure is limited only by the following claims.

Claims

A blockchain public chain includes an equity owner node having a valid address and the number of certificate holdings is not zero. The public chain further includes: by the equity owner node every preset time A public chain maintainer node selected from the nodes of the public chain at intervals;

The public chain maintainer node is used to maintain public chain transactions and smart contract related public chain transactions.
The public chain according to claim 1, wherein the public chain further comprises: a parallel chain node, wherein the parallel chain node is a common node of the public chain and the access chain accessing the public chain; wherein, The parachain nodes include a parachain maintainer node selected from the parachain nodes by the equity owner node;

The parallel chain maintainer node is configured to maintain related cross-chain transactions between the public chain and the access chain.
The public chain according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the public chain further comprises: a supervisor node transformed by an equity owner node that has not been selected as the maintainer node of the public chain;

The supervisor node is used to detect whether the block of the blockchain is valid when receiving the blockchain of the public chain, and to store the area when the block of the blockchain is valid Block chain, when the block of the block chain is invalid, the block chain is discarded.
The public chain according to claim 3, wherein the public chain further comprises:

A data storage node, configured to receive a storage request sent by the equity owner node, the storage request including data to be stored by the equity owner node, and distributedly storing the equity owner node according to the storage request The data to be stored.
The public chain according to claim 4, wherein the public chain further comprises:

A public chain service provider node is used to provide public chain services to an access chain. The public chain services include: querying transactions and smart contracts of the public chain, querying information and transaction summary of the access chain, and creating sub-chains. Chain, and access to applications outside the public chain.
The public chain according to claim 5, wherein the duration of the preset time interval is longer than the time required to select the maintainer node of the public chain and less than the time required to break the maintainer of the public chain.
The public chain according to claim 6, characterized in that:

The equity owner node is used to obtain candidate information for each candidate node, the candidate information includes a node identifier, candidate data, and mortgage credentials, and the node identifier is used to uniquely indicate a candidate node, the mortgage The voucher is used to indicate the number of STOs paid by the candidate node, and the candidate data is a random number used to improve the randomness of the public chain maintainer node selection;

According to the candidate data of the candidate node, the public chain maintainer node is determined among the candidate nodes.
The public chain according to claim 7, wherein the equity owner node is specifically configured to:

Classifying the candidate nodes into k groups of candidate nodes, each group including M candidate nodes;

Determining the mean deviation of the candidate data of each candidate node in a corresponding group of candidate nodes;

Sort the nodes of each group of candidate nodes from large to small according to the magnitude of the mean deviation;

Selecting the first node in each group of candidate nodes
The candidate nodes are the public chain maintainer nodes, where k ′ is the sequence number of a group of candidate nodes in the k group of candidate nodes.
The public chain according to claim 8, wherein the value range of the number of the public chain maintainer nodes is
Wherein, n represents the number of the candidate nodes.