WO2020042399A1 - 一种永磁电机 - Google Patents

一种永磁电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020042399A1
WO2020042399A1 PCT/CN2018/117899 CN2018117899W WO2020042399A1 WO 2020042399 A1 WO2020042399 A1 WO 2020042399A1 CN 2018117899 W CN2018117899 W CN 2018117899W WO 2020042399 A1 WO2020042399 A1 WO 2020042399A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
magnet motor
stator
permanent magnets
radial
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PCT/CN2018/117899
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐松
梁双全
龚天明
李华
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中车株洲电机有限公司
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Application filed by 中车株洲电机有限公司 filed Critical 中车株洲电机有限公司
Publication of WO2020042399A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020042399A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of motors, and in particular to a permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet motor uses the permanent magnet to generate the magnetic field required by the motor. It does not need a power source for excitation. It has the advantages of compact structure, high reliability, high efficiency, and high control accuracy. With the rapid development of high-performance permanent magnets, permanent magnet motors have now It is widely used.
  • Existing permanent magnet motors generally include a rotor yoke, a stator core, a permanent magnet, and the like.
  • the stator core is provided with a stator radial air duct distributed in the axial direction on the outer periphery to provide a circulation channel for the circulation of cooling gas.
  • the electromagnetic induction between the stator core and the rotor yoke at the stator radial air duct is weak, resulting in that the permanent magnets provided in the stator radial air duct cannot fully function.
  • the permanent magnet is usually made of a permanent magnet material such as neodymium iron boron.
  • Permanent magnet materials are a common non-renewable scarce resource with relatively high cost, which makes the cost of permanent magnet materials account for a large proportion of the total cost of permanent magnet motors.
  • the application of permanent magnets is not sufficient, which causes a waste of resources and funds to a certain extent, which makes the production cost of existing permanent magnet motors higher. Therefore, how to reduce the cost of the permanent magnet motor is a technical problem that those skilled in the art need to solve urgently.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet motor, which is beneficial to reduce costs.
  • the invention provides a permanent magnet motor, which includes a stator iron core.
  • the stator iron core is provided with a plurality of stator radial air ducts which are annular and staggered along the axial direction.
  • the stator iron core further includes a stator iron core.
  • Rotor yoke and several permanent magnets fixed in the rotor yoke and staggered along the axial direction, an outer periphery of the stator radial air duct is provided with being aligned with the radial direction and fixed to the rotor
  • a replacement piece is sandwiched between two adjacent said permanent magnets in the yoke.
  • the inner side surface of the rotor yoke is provided with a limit receiving groove for receiving and fixing the substitute.
  • annular iron core block between any two adjacent radial air passages of the stator, and the annular core blocks and the permanent magnets are arranged one-to-one correspondingly in the radial direction.
  • the axial width of the replacement piece is less than or equal to the axial width of the radial radial passage of the stator corresponding to the radial direction.
  • any one of the permanent magnets includes several sets of magnetic components that are alternately arranged and arranged in a ring shape, and each group of the magnetic components includes a pair of N-pole magnetic blocks and S-pole magnetic blocks that are symmetrically arranged in the center and have different polarities. .
  • the replacement part is fixed in the position-limiting receiving groove by means of dispensing.
  • the substitute is specifically an insulation substitute or a non-magnetically conductive substitute.
  • the replacement piece includes a plurality of packing blocks arranged in a ring and correspondingly arranged between any two of the magnetic components adjacent in the axial direction.
  • the substitute is specifically a filling ring provided between any two adjacent permanent magnets.
  • the present invention provides a permanent magnet motor, which includes a stator iron core.
  • the outer periphery of the stator iron core is provided with a plurality of stator radial air ducts that are annular and staggered along the axial direction.
  • the rotor yoke on the outer periphery of the stator iron core and a plurality of permanent magnets fixed in the rotor yoke and staggered along the axial direction are arranged on the outer periphery of the stator radial air duct and are aligned with the radial direction of the stator.
  • Replacement parts fixed in the rotor yoke to be sandwiched between two adjacent permanent magnets.
  • the structure can effectively reduce the amount of permanent magnets in the permanent magnet motors without affecting the design performance parameters of the permanent magnet motors. Avoiding the waste of permanent magnets is conducive to saving resources and money, and therefore reducing costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a specific structural cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet motor provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of A in FIG. 1; FIG.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a mounting structure of the replacement part
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another installation structure of the replacement part
  • Stator core 1 rotor yoke 2, permanent magnet 3, and substitute 4;
  • FIG. 1 is a specific structural cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet motor provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of A in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another installation structure of the substitute 4.
  • the embodiment of the invention discloses a permanent magnet motor, which includes a stator iron core 1.
  • the stator iron core 1 is provided with a plurality of stator radial air ducts 11 which are annular and staggered along the axial direction.
  • the axial direction in the present invention may be a direction parallel to the central axis of the stator core 1.
  • the stator radial air duct 11 is an annular groove provided on the outer periphery of the stator core 1, so that the cooling gas takes away the heat in the radial direction and plays a cooling role.
  • the invention also includes a rotor yoke 2 and a permanent magnet 3, wherein the rotor yoke 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the stator core 1 so as to be used for transmitting magnetic lines of force; the permanent magnet 3 includes a plurality of turns, and the turns of the permanent magnet 3 are respectively fixed to the rotor. Inside the yoke 2, a plurality of turns of the permanent magnets 3 are staggered and distributed along the axial direction.
  • any permanent magnet 3 includes several sets of magnetic components arranged alternately and arranged in a ring shape, that is, each circle of permanent magnets 3 includes several sets of magnetic components to form a ring-shaped permanent magnet.
  • Each group of magnetic components includes a pair of N-pole magnetic blocks and S-pole magnetic blocks with symmetrical centers and different polarities.
  • the outer circumference of the stator radial air duct 11 is provided with a replacement piece 4 aligned with the radial direction and fixed in the rotor yoke 2 to be sandwiched between two adjacent permanent magnets 3 to partially replace the original position On the permanent magnet 3.
  • the radial direction mentioned here may be a direction parallel to the radial extension direction of the stator core 1.
  • the stator radial air duct 11 is aligned with the substitute 4 in the radial direction, which means that the projection of the substitute 4 on the stator radial air duct 11 in the radial direction completely falls on the stator radial air duct 11.
  • the first end of the replacement piece 4 is fixed on the inside surface of the rotor yoke 2, and the second end is sandwiched between two adjacent permanent magnets 3.
  • the two adjacent permanent magnets 3 herein refer to two adjacent permanent magnets 3 capable of aligning the replacement part 4 with the corresponding stator radial air duct 11 in a certain radial direction.
  • the outer periphery of any two adjacent stator radial air ducts 11 may correspond to at least one turn of the permanent magnet 3.
  • the permanent magnets 3 that were originally located on the outer periphery of the stator radial air duct 11 are completely replaced by the replacement parts 4, without affecting the key performance parameters such as the internal temperature and magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet motor.
  • the amount of permanent magnets 3 is reduced, which avoids waste of permanent magnets 3, which is convenient for saving resources and is therefore beneficial to reducing costs.
  • the inner side of the rotor yoke 2 is provided There is a limit receiving groove for receiving and fixing the substitute 4.
  • the inner side of the limit containing groove is provided with embossing, or a mechanism for squeezing the substitute 4 by elastic force is provided. Elastic material.
  • T-shaped grooves and T-shaped bumps, or other similar structures are provided between the limiting accommodation groove and the replacement part 4, and are not limited thereto.
  • the replacement part 4 is fixed in the position-receiving groove by means of dispensing and fixing.
  • the fixing manner of the replacement part 4 is not limited to this.
  • stator core 1 includes several stator radial ducts 11
  • the natural stator core 1 includes several A ring-shaped core block, a plurality of ring-shaped core blocks and a plurality of turns of the permanent magnets 3 are arranged one by one in the radial direction, that is, a circle of the permanent magnets 3 having a height approximately equal to the circumference of the ring-shaped core is correspondingly arranged.
  • the axial width of the substitute is less than or equal to the axial width of the stator radial air duct 11 corresponding to the radial direction, so that the axial height of the annular core is less than or equal to The axial height of the corresponding permanent magnet 3 is to prevent the magnetic field strength from weakening.
  • the replacement part 4 may be an insulation replacement part made of an insulating material or a non-magnetic permeability replacement part made of a non-magnetic material.
  • the replacement part 4 The material is not limited to this. Since the cost of the material used to make the substitute 4 is substantially lower than the cost of the permanent magnet material, it is advantageous to reduce the cost.
  • the replacement member 4 may adopt a split structure or an integrated structure.
  • the substitute 4 includes a plurality of packing blocks arranged in a ring and correspondingly arranged between any two magnetic components adjacent in the axial direction.
  • the substitute 4 is a split structure.
  • the number and structure of the filling blocks in the replacement part 4 are related to the total number and structure of the N-pole and S-pole magnetic blocks constituting the magnetic component in the two adjacent permanent magnets 3, which are determined according to the actual situation.
  • each The cross section of each stuffing block is approximately the same as the cross section of the N pole magnetic block or S pole magnetic block that is attached, so as to save the filling material and help to further reduce the cost.
  • the N-pole magnetic block and the S-pole magnetic block are respectively fan-shaped, and the filling block is a fan-shaped filling block, of course, it is not limited thereto.
  • the replacement part 4 may also be a filling ring provided between any two adjacent permanent magnets 3.
  • the filling ring includes a plurality of supplementary blocks corresponding to the magnetic components. And a connecting ring for fixing the supplementary blocks so as to quickly complete the installation of the replacement part 4, which is beneficial to shortening the installation time, improving the installation efficiency, and further reducing the cost.
  • the structure of the substitute 4 is not limited to the above two ways, and the replacement of the similar structure does not affect the realization of the object of the present invention.

Abstract

一种永磁电机，包括定子铁芯，定子铁芯的外周设有若干呈环状且沿轴向错开分布的定子径向风道，还包括设于定子铁芯外周的转子磁轭及若干固设于转子磁轭内且沿轴向错开分布的永磁体，定子径向风道的外周设有与之在径向方向相对齐且固定于转子磁轭内以夹于两个相邻的永磁体之间的替代件。在径向方向上使原来位于定子径向风道外周的永磁体由替代件取代，在不影响永磁电机关键性能参数的前提下，永磁体的用量减少，避免造成永磁体浪费，有利于节约资源，因此有利于降低成本。

Description

一种永磁电机
本申请要求于2018年08月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810987632.X、发明名称为“一种永磁电机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，特别涉及一种永磁电机。
背景技术
永磁电机是利用永久磁体生成电机所需的磁场，无需电源进行励磁，具有结构紧凑、可靠性高、效率高、控制精度高等优势，随着高性能永磁体的快速发展，永磁电机目前已得到广泛应用。
现有的永磁电机通常包括转子磁轭、定子铁芯和永磁体等，其中，定子铁芯的外周设有沿轴向分布的定子径向风道，以便为冷却气体的流通提供流通通道，相应地在定子径向风道处的定子铁芯与转子磁轭之间的电磁感应较弱，导致设于定子径向风道中的永磁体无法充分发挥作用。一般地，为保证永磁体具有较大的磁力及较高的矫顽力，永磁体通常由钕铁硼等永磁材料制成。永磁材料是常见的不可再生的稀缺资源，成本相对较高，使得永磁材料成本占有永磁电机总成本的比例较大。然而，永磁体应用不充分，在一定程度上造成资源及资金的浪费，使得现有永磁电机的生产成本较高。因此，如何降低永磁电机的成本使本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种永磁电机，有利于降低成本。
其具体方案如下：
本发明提供一种永磁电机，包括定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯的外周设有若干呈环状且沿轴向错开分布的定子径向风道，还包括设于所述定子铁芯 外周的转子磁轭及若干固设于所述转子磁轭内且沿轴向错开分布的永磁体，所述定子径向风道的外周设有与之在径向方向相对齐且固定于所述转子磁轭内以夹于两个相邻的所述永磁体之间的替代件。
优选地，所述转子磁轭的内侧面设有用于容纳并固定所述替代件的限位容纳槽。
优选地，任意相邻两个所述定子径向风道之间具有环形铁芯块，所述环形芯块与所述永磁体在径向方向一一对应设置。
优选地，所述替代件的轴向宽度小于等于与之在径向方向相对应的所述定子径向风道的轴向宽度。
优选地，任一所述永磁体包括若干组交替设置且呈环状排列的磁性组件，每组所述磁性组件包括一对中心对称设置且极性相异的N极磁块和S极磁块。
优选地，所述替代件采用点胶的方式固定于所述限位容纳槽内。
优选地，所述替代件具体为绝缘替代件或不导磁替代件。
优选地，所述替代件包括若干个呈环状排列且对应设于任意两个在轴向方向相邻的所述磁性组件之间的填充块。
优选地，所述替代件具体为设于任意相邻两个所述永磁体之间的填充环。
相对于背景技术，本发明提供一种永磁电机，包括定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯的外周设有若干呈环状且沿轴向错开分布的定子径向风道，还包括设于所述定子铁芯外周的转子磁轭及若干固设于所述转子磁轭内且沿轴向错开分布的永磁体，所述定子径向风道的外周设有与之在径向方向相对齐且固定于所述转子磁轭内以夹于两个相邻的所述永磁体之间的替代件。
由于所述定子径向风道外周的所述永磁体利用所述替代件取代，该结构在不影响永磁电机的设计性能参数的情况下，可以有效减少永磁电机中部分永磁体的用量，避免造成永磁体浪费，有利于节省资源、节约资金，因此有利于降低成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一种具体实施方式所提供永磁电机的具体结构剖面图；
图2为图1中A的局部放大图；
图3为替代件的一种安装结构简图；
图4为替代件的另一种安装结构简图；
附图标记如下：
定子铁芯1、转子磁轭2、永磁体3和替代件4；
定子径向风道11。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图1至图4，图1为本发明一种具体实施方式所提供永磁电机的具体结构剖面图；图2为图1中A的局部放大图；图3为替代件4的一种安装结构简图；图4为替代件4的另一种安装结构简图。
本发明实施例公开了一种永磁电机，包括定子铁芯1，定子铁芯1的外周设有若干呈环状且沿轴向错开分布的定子径向风道11。需要指出的是，本发明中的轴向可以是与定子铁芯1的中心轴线平行的方向。在该具体实施例中，定子径向风道11是设于定子铁芯1外周的环形凹槽，以便冷却气体沿 径向带走热量，起到冷却作用。
本发明还包括转子磁轭2和永磁体3，其中，转子磁轭2设于定子铁芯1外周，以便用于传输磁力线；永磁体3包括若干圈，若干圈永磁体3分别固设于转子磁轭2内，且若干圈永磁体3沿轴向错开分布。
优选地，在该具体实施例中，任一永磁体3包括若干组交替设置且呈环状排列的磁性组件，也即每圈永磁体3包括若干组磁性组件，以形成环状永磁体。每组磁性组件包括一对中心对称设置且极性相异的N极磁块和S极磁块。
定子径向风道11的外周设有与之在径向方向相对齐且固定于转子磁轭2内以夹于两个相邻的永磁体3之间的替代件4，以部分取代原有位置上的永磁体3。其中，此处所提及的径向方向可以是与定子铁芯1的半径延伸方向相平行的方向。定子径向风道11与替代件4在径向方向对齐，意味着在径向方向上替代件4在定子径向风道11上的投影完全落于定子径向风道11上。替代件4的第一端固定在转子磁轭2的内侧面上，且第二端夹于两个相邻的永磁体3之间。需要指出的是，此处的两个相邻的永磁体3是指在某一径向方向上能够使替代件4与对应的定子径向风道11对齐的两个相邻的永磁体3。任意相邻两个定子径向风道11的外周可以对应至少一圈永磁体3。
综上所述可知，在径向方向上使原来位于定子径向风道11外周的永磁体3完全由替代件4取代，在不影响永磁电机内部温度及磁场强度等关键性能参数的前提下，永磁体3的用量减少，避免造成永磁体3浪费，便于节约资源，因此有利于降低成本。
优选地，为充分稳定替代件4，以防替代件4坠入对应的定子径向风道11中而影响永磁电机的冷却效果，在该具体实施例中，转子磁轭2的内侧面设有用于容纳并固定替代件4的限位容纳槽。为增大限位容纳槽与替代件4之间的静摩擦力，以提升替代件4的稳定性，限位容纳槽的内侧面设有压纹，或者设有依靠弹性力挤压替代件4的弹性材料。此外，为进一步提升替代件4的稳定性，限位容纳槽与替代件4之间设置有T型凹槽和T型凸块，或其他类似结构，不限于此。
优选地，为简化安装步骤、降低制造成本，在该具体实施例中，替代 件4采用点胶固定的方式固定在限位容纳槽内，当然，替代件4的固定方式不限于此。
为充分地减少永磁体3的用量，任意相邻两个定子径向风道11之间具有环形铁芯块，由于定子铁芯1包括若干定子径向风道11，自然定子铁芯1包括若干环形铁芯块，若干环形铁芯块与若干圈永磁体3在径向方向上一一对应设置，也即一个环形铁芯的外周对应设置有一圈高度大致与之相等的永磁体3。
考虑不影响永磁体3的磁场强度，代替件的轴向宽度小于等于与之在径向方向对应的定子径向风道11的轴向宽度，从而使环形铁芯的轴向高度小于等于与之对应的永磁体3的轴向高度，以防磁场强度减弱。
需要指明的是，在该具体实施例中，替代件4可以是由绝缘材料制成的绝缘替代件，也可以是由不导磁材料制成的不导磁替代件，当然，替代件4的材质不限于此。由于用于制成替代件4的材料成本大体上低于永磁材料的成本，故有利于降低成本。
在该具体实施例中，替代件4可以采用分体式结构，也可以采用一体式结构。优选地，如图3所示，替代件4包括若干个呈环状排列且对应设于任意两个在轴向方向相邻的磁性组件之间的填充块，此时替代件4为分体式结构，替代件4中填充块的数量及结构与相邻两圈永磁体3中组成磁性组件的N极磁块和S极磁块的总数量及结构有关，具体依据实际情况确定，一般地，每个填充块的横截面大致与相贴合的N极磁块或S极磁块的横截面一致，以便节省填充材料，有利于进一步降低成本。具体地，假定N极磁块和S极磁块分别呈扇环形，则填充块为扇环形填充块，当然不限于此。
进一步地，如图4所示，替代件4也可以为设于任意相邻两个永磁体3之间的填充环，在该具体实施例中，填充环包括若干与磁性组件相对应的添补块和用于固连各添补块的连接环，以便快速完成替代件4的安装，有利于缩短安装时间，提升安装效率，有利于更进一步降低成本。
当然，替代件4的结构不限于上述两种方式，采用类似的结构替代并不影响实现本发明的目的。
以上对本发明所提供的永磁电机进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体 个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种永磁电机，包括定子铁芯(1)，所述定子铁芯(1)的外周设有若干呈环状且沿轴向错开分布的定子径向风道(11)，其特征在于，还包括设于所述定子铁芯(1)外周的转子磁轭(2)及若干固设于所述转子磁轭(2)内且沿轴向错开分布的永磁体(3)，所述定子径向风道(11)的外周设有与之在径向方向相对齐且固定于所述转子磁轭(2)内以夹于两个相邻的所述永磁体(3)之间的替代件(4)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁电机，其特征在于，所述转子磁轭(2)的内侧面设有用于容纳并固定所述替代件(4)的限位容纳槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的永磁电机，其特征在于，任意相邻两个所述定子径向风道(11)之间具有环形铁芯块，所述环形芯块与所述永磁体(3)在径向方向一一对应设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的永磁电机，其特征在于，所述替代件(4)的轴向宽度小于等于与之在径向方向相对应的所述定子径向风道(11)的轴向宽度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的永磁电机，其特征在于，任一所述永磁体(3)包括若干组交替设置且呈环状排列的磁性组件，每组所述磁性组件包括一对中心对称设置且极性相异的N极磁块和S极磁块。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的永磁电机，其特征在于，所述替代件(4)采用点胶的方式固定于所述限位容纳槽内。
  7. 根据权利要求4或5所述的永磁电机，其特征在于，所述替代件(4)具体为绝缘替代件或不导磁替代件。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的永磁电机，其特征在于，所述替代件(4)包括若干个呈环状排列且对应设于任意两个在轴向方向相邻的所述磁性组件之间的填充块。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的永磁电机，其特征在于，所述替代件(4)具体为设于任意相邻两个所述永磁体(3)之间的填充环。
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