WO2020041932A1 - 调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法和砂仁的栽培方法 - Google Patents

调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法和砂仁的栽培方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020041932A1
WO2020041932A1 PCT/CN2018/102513 CN2018102513W WO2020041932A1 WO 2020041932 A1 WO2020041932 A1 WO 2020041932A1 CN 2018102513 W CN2018102513 W CN 2018102513W WO 2020041932 A1 WO2020041932 A1 WO 2020041932A1
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greenhouse
bees
amomum villosum
bee
hive
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PCT/CN2018/102513
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈念枢
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陈念枢
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/102513 priority Critical patent/WO2020041932A1/zh
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates

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  • the present disclosure relates to the field of cultivation of Amomum villosum, and in particular, to a method for adjusting the timing of honeycomb nesting and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum and a method of cultivating Amomum villosum.
  • Amomum villosum which is a ginger plant, has special flower structure, so most pollinating insects fail to help Amomum vulgaris to complete pollination when they visit the flower, becoming honey stealers and pollinators. Manual pollination is arduous, and it is difficult for workers to hire, and most of them are old, with very inflexible hands and feet, high cost, and poor results. In nature, matless bees can pollinate Amomum villosum. They are excellent pollinators, but they are few in number, and under normal circumstances, the cocoon breaking and nesting time are too late. They are only seen in the late flowering stage of Amomum villosum. Pollinating Amomum villosum was twenty days late.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a method for adjusting the nesting time of bees to synchronize with the flowering stage of Amomum villosum.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for cultivating Amomum villosum, which includes the above-mentioned method for adjusting the nesting time of bees and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum to make Amomum villosum easier to pollinate, while saving a lot of labor, Yield.
  • a method for adjusting the timing of the bees' nesting time and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum which includes: one year before the Amomum villosum blooms, catching adult bees, placing the adult bees in a greenhouse, breeding and spawning; Before the flowering period, the greenhouse is warmed and humidified, so that bee eggs are broken into cocoons and pollinated during the flowering period of Amomum villosum.
  • a method for cultivating Amomum villosum includes the above-mentioned method for adjusting the nesting time of bees and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum.
  • the bee species are captured in the wild for breeding, and the greenhouse is adjusted to achieve temperature and humidification, so that the nesting time of the bee is synchronized with the flowering stage of Amomum villosum, and the bee is pollinated in advance to pollinate Amomum villosum.
  • the yield of Amomum villosum in this embodiment is increased by about 10 times, and the number of seed kernels in Amomum villosum fruits is increased, thereby improving the quality.
  • This embodiment also provides a method for cultivating Amomum villosum, which includes the method for adjusting the nesting time of bees and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum, as well as conventional planting and field management.
  • the above method for adjusting the timing of bee nesting and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum can increase the yield of Amomum villosum and improve the quality of Amomum villosum.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a honeycomb wall provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of installing a flutter on a brick pillar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a drinking fountain installed on a brick pillar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a bee wall and a honey plant in a greenhouse in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Icons 101-greenhouses; 102-bee walls; 103-brick posts; 104-walls; 105-ponds; 106-first drinking fountains; 107-second drinking fountains; 108- honey plants.
  • This embodiment provides a method for adjusting the honeycomb nesting time and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum, which include:
  • the adult bee includes one or both of a plurality of matless bees.
  • a plurality of matless bees In nature, there are a few cocoons breaking out of nests in mid-May, and a large number of nests do not emerge until the middle of June (the flowering period of Amomum villosum is about late April to mid- May). They were caught in the wild at the end of May of the previous year and put into the prepared greenhouse. There are abundant nectar sources and artificial nests in the greenhouse to allow them to grow and breed offspring. When the time comes to mid-August, they Most of the first generation of the year had finished spawning, and their lives have died out, and they have basically ended in the middle of September at the latest.
  • bee breeding was performed by the following method.
  • the greenhouse shed 101 (see Figure 4) is formed around the shed frame and the roof is covered with plastic film, which plays a role of increasing temperature and maintaining heat.
  • the plastic film around the frame of the greenhouse can be removed.
  • the greenhouse 101 can be changed into a net room greenhouse.
  • the area of the greenhouse is determined according to the planting area of Amomum villosum.
  • the planting area of 10 mu of Amomum villosum corresponds to the area of 101 acres of greenhouse.
  • the maximum warming area is set to 5 acres, that is, a bee in a greenhouse 101 can pollinate 50 acres of Amomum villosum.
  • a plurality of small greenhouses 101 can be set on a narrow and long-term plantation field.
  • a honeycomb wall 102 in which multiple honeycombs are installed is installed in the greenhouse 101.
  • the honeycomb wall 102 can be constructed by the edge of a hillside, and the shape of the honeycomb wall 102 can follow the terrain of the mountain. Irregular settings (as shown in Figure 1) can also be regular plate-shaped.
  • the shape of the bee wall 102 in the greenhouse is not limited.
  • the height of the bee wall 102 is approximately 1-6 m, and may be any one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 meters.
  • a plurality of spaced-apart brick pillars 103 are constructed according to the terrain, and a wall 104 is constructed between any two adjacent brick pillars 103.
  • the wall 104 and the ground can be at any angle between 80 ° -90 °.
  • a pre-made honeycomb is placed in the wall 104 to form a honeycomb wall 102.
  • different color coating layers applied to the outer layer of the brick pillar 103 are used to facilitate the bees to distinguish the nests. Different colors of paint can produce different visual sensations, making it easier for bees to identify their nests.
  • the width of the wall 104 is also made into different spans, wide and narrow, which is also convenient for bees to distinguish. Own Lair.
  • the top of the bee wall 102 is also equipped with a flutter 105, which is at a certain elevation angle and protrudes from the top of the wall 104.
  • the length of the flare is about 600-800 mm for shielding Rain and sun create a suitable living environment for bees.
  • the flutter 105 of the bee wall 102 in this embodiment is cast by using reinforced concrete and has a thickness of about 80 mm.
  • the rain shelter and shading treatment is performed by using the canopy 105 installed on the top of the bee wall 102 and protruding from the bee wall 102.
  • a drinking fountain is installed on the brick pillar 103, and the drinking fountain can drip water to the brick pillar 103.
  • the drinking fountain is used to provide a drinking source for the bees.
  • there are two drinking fountains specifically including a first drinking fountain 106 and a second drinking fountain 107, wherein the first drinking fountain 106 is used for holding fresh water, and the second drinking fountain 107 is used for holding a certain concentration of salt water,
  • the concentration of the brine is preferably 0.1-0.15%.
  • the first drinking fountain 106 and the second drinking fountain 107 are spaced apart, and both the first drinking fountain 106 and the second drinking fountain 107 drip water to the brick pillar 103, and the dripping speed is to maintain the cement of the brick pillar 103.
  • the wet sand prevails.
  • the setting of two drinking fountains allows bees to choose drinking water, and the setting of saline water can also provide bees with salt.
  • a nectar plant 108 is planted in a greenhouse 101, and the nectar plant 108 can provide a bee source for the bee to meet the bee's demand for the nectar source.
  • nectar plants 108 there can be many kinds of nectar plants 108, and in this embodiment, one or more kinds of plants of the family Scrophulariaceae and Lythraceae are preferred. Further preferably, the plants of the Scrophulariaceae family include one or more of Angel Flower and Gossypium; the plants of the Lythrumaceae family include Ligularia angustifolia, Artemisia angustifolia, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Lythrum, Sansevieria and Leech One or more of the flowers.
  • the nectar source plant 108 is Gossypium spp. In the Scrophulariaceae and Ligulariaceae plants, both of which have an early, long flowering period and a large amount of flowers. The two types of nectar are preferred by solitary bees. Moreover, the planting management is convenient, and it can be made into a two-meter-high three-dimensional flower field to increase the amount of flowers. The wall of the flower wall should be separated from the bee wall 102 by a distance of 1-2m to facilitate the movement of the bee.
  • a fixed hive and a mobile hive are placed on the hive wall 102.
  • the fixed hive and the hive 102 fixed connection the mobile hive is detachably connected to the hive wall 102;
  • the number of fixed hive and mobile hive is calculated according to the area of the hive wall 102 (50 acres of amomum planting area and 5 acres in the greenhouse 101): fixed hive
  • Fixed hive For 10,000, there are 40,000 mobile hives. In this way, there is a provenance and continuous reproduction every year.
  • the movable hive with bees in the dormant state can be transferred to other greenhouses in February of the next year.
  • the greenhouse can be installed in the Amomum villosum plantation field, or it can be installed in any place.
  • the temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 29-31 ° C during the day, 19-21 ° C at night, and 65% -84% humidity. ;
  • the temperature of the greenhouse should be maintained at 32-34 ° C during the day and 23-25 ° C at night; the humidity should be maintained at 65% -84%;
  • the flowering period of Amomum villosum is from the end of April to the middle of May.
  • the greenhouse 101 is warmed and humidified in March and April each year after the first year, so that the bee breaks the cocoon and emerges from the nest in late April.
  • the Amomum villosum blooms from the end of April to the middle of May. pollination.
  • the greenhouse greenhouse 101 simulates the annual meteorological data from the local meteorological department for many years in March every year after the first year (the temperature is maintained at 29-31 ° C during the day, and 19-21 ° C at night, and the humidity is maintained). Progressive warming and humidification at 65% -84%); April each year simulates the June meteorological data of the local meteorological department for many years (temperature is maintained at 32-34 ° C during the day and 23-25 ° C at night). (Humidity is maintained at 65% -84%) for temperature increase and humidification.
  • the greenhouse greenhouse 101 simulates the annual meteorological data from the local meteorological department for many years in March every year after the first year (the temperature is maintained at 29-31 ° C during the day, and 19-21 ° C at night, and the humidity is maintained). Progressive warming and humidification at 65% -84%); April each year simulates the June meteorological data of the local meteorological department for many years (temperature is maintained at 32-34 ° C during the day and 23-25 ° C at night). (Humidity
  • the bee species are captured in the wild, breeding, warming and humidifying, cocoon breaking and nesting one month in advance to pollinate the Amomum villosum, and at the same time, matless bees can be reproduced in large numbers.
  • the flowering stage of Amomum villosum begins to bloom in mid- May (the climate varies from region to region, and the flowering period varies).
  • the early mating bees controlled by the greenhouse 101 correspond to the Amomum villosum flowering period.
  • the temperature of the greenhouse can be changed into a greenhouse shed 101.
  • the bees can continue. Live in the shed and breed. Since the rainy season is from May to September in South China and Southwest China, it is necessary to keep the plastic film on the roof of the shed in order to prevent the bees from being affected by rainy weather.
  • by replacing the plastic film with an insect-proof net not only the temperature in the greenhouse can be kept the same as the outdoor temperature, but also hunting by many natural enemies can be avoided, and a more comfortable and safe living environment can be created for the matless bees.
  • nectar plants 108 in the greenhouse continue to provide nectar sources for bees while the bees live in the greenhouse. The close-range nectar source saves the physical energy of bees to collect honey and creates excellent conditions for breeding.
  • the bee species are captured in the wild for breeding, and the greenhouse 101 is adjusted to achieve temperature increase and humidification, so that the nesting time of the bees is synchronized with the flowering stage of Amomum villosum, and the pollination of Amomum villosum is achieved without mats.
  • the yield of Amomum villosum in this embodiment is increased by about 10 times, and the number of seed kernels in Amomum villosum fruit is increased, thereby improving the quality.
  • this embodiment also provides a method for cultivating Amomum villosum, which includes the above-mentioned method for adjusting the nesting time of bees and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum and conventional planting and field management.
  • the above method for adjusting the timing of bee nesting and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum can increase the yield of Amomum villosum and improve the quality of Amomum villosum.
  • This embodiment provides a method for adjusting the honeycomb nesting time and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum, which include:
  • a greenhouse frame is set up, and a plastic film is arranged around the greenhouse frame and the roof.
  • the area of the Amomum villosum plantation area is 50 acres, and the area of the corresponding greenhouse is 5 acres.
  • the honeycomb is made of soil, and the outer side of the soil is covered with a wooden material frame.
  • the hive includes 10,000 fixed hive and 40,000 mobile hive.
  • gossips and anther flowers are planted as nectar plants to provide nectar for bees.
  • the bee wall is two-sided and oppositely arranged, the nectar source plant is planted between the two bee walls, and the distance between the nectar plant and the bee wall is 1.5m.
  • the bee source was captured in the wild one year before the flower of Amomum villosum.
  • the bees of the first year could not pollinate Amomum villosum, and there was no need to adjust the bee nesting time.
  • the captured bee source was placed in a greenhouse to allow it to reproduce freely.
  • the greenhouse is adjusted in March each year after the first year to maintain the daytime temperature at 30 ° C, nightly at 20 ° C, and humidity at 65% -84%; progressive temperature increase and humidification; adjustment in April each year
  • the temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 33 ° C during the day and 24 ° C at night; the humidity is maintained at 65% -84% for warming and humidification.
  • the bees break the cocoons to emerge from the nest, collect honey, mate, and build a new nest, prompting the bees that broke the cocoons to emerge in late April to pollinate Amomum villosum from the end of April to the middle of May.
  • the method provided in this embodiment for adjusting the honeycomb nesting time and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum is roughly the same as in Example 1. The difference is that in this embodiment, when the bee wall is built, the brick columns of the bee wall are coated with different colors. Layer of paint so that the bees distinguish the nests.
  • the method provided in this embodiment for adjusting the bee nesting time and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum is roughly the same as in Example 1.
  • the difference is that in this embodiment, when a bee wall is set up, a fluffy roof is installed on the top of the bee wall.
  • the canopy protrudes 600mm from the wall at an elevation angle. The canopy can shelter the honeycomb from rain and sun, and create a more suitable living environment for the matless bees.
  • the method provided in this embodiment for adjusting the bee nesting time to synchronize with the flowering stage of Amomum villosum is roughly the same as in Example 1.
  • the difference is that in this embodiment, when a bee wall is built, a drinking fountain is also installed on the top of the brick pillar.
  • the drinking fountain is a drip bottle, and the drip bottle continuously drips water onto the brick pillar to keep the brick pillar wet, and the bee can drink water freely.
  • the method provided in this embodiment for adjusting the honeycomb's nesting time to synchronize with the flowering stage of Amomum villosum is roughly the same as in Example 1.
  • the first drinking water is also installed on the top of the brick column when the bee wall is built.
  • a second drinking fountain wherein the first drinking fountain is used for holding fresh water, and the second drinking fountain is used for holding saline with a concentration of 0.1%.
  • the first drinking fountain and the second drinking fountain are both drip bottles. The drip bottle keeps dripping water to the brick column to keep the brick column moist, the bee can drink water freely, and can also choose to drink fresh water or saline.
  • This embodiment provides a method for adjusting the honeycomb nesting time and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum, which include:
  • a greenhouse frame is set up, and a plastic film is arranged around the greenhouse frame and the roof.
  • the area of the Amomum villosum plantation area is 50 acres, and the area of the corresponding greenhouse is 5 acres.
  • the honeycomb is made of soil, and the outer side of the soil is covered with a wooden material frame.
  • the hive includes 10,000 fixed hive and 40,000 mobile hive.
  • gossips and anther flowers are planted as nectar plants to provide nectar for bees.
  • the bee wall is set in a quadrangular shape on four sides, and the honey plant is planted between the four bee walls, and the distance between the honey plant and the bee wall is 1 m.
  • the brick columns of the bee wall are coated with different colors of paint layers, and at the same time, a fluffy roof is installed on the top of the bee wall, and the fluffy roof protrudes 800 mm from the top of the wall at an elevation angle of 30 degrees.
  • a drinking fountain is also installed on the brick pillar. Among them, the drinking fountain is used to hold 0.1% salt water.
  • the drinking fountain is a drip bottle. The drip bottle continuously drips water to the brick pillar to keep the brick pillar moist and the bee can drink freely.
  • the bee source was captured in the wild one year before the flower of Amomum villosum.
  • the bees of the first year could not pollinate Amomum villosum, and there was no need to adjust the bee nesting time.
  • the captured bee source was placed in a greenhouse to allow it to reproduce freely.
  • the greenhouse is adjusted in March each year after the first year to maintain the daytime temperature at 30 ° C, nightly at 20 ° C, and humidity at 65% -84% for progressive heating and humidification; the greenhouse is adjusted in April each year The temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 33 ° C during the day and 24 ° C at night; the humidity is maintained at 65% -84% for warming and humidification.
  • the temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 33 ° C during the day and 24 ° C at night; the humidity is maintained at 65% -84% for warming and humidification.
  • the bee species are captured in the wild for breeding, and the greenhouse is adjusted to achieve temperature and humidification, so that the nesting time of the bee is synchronized with the flowering stage of Amomum villosum, and the bee is pollinated in advance to pollinate Amomum villosum.
  • the yield of Amomum villosum in this embodiment is increased by about 10 times, and the number of seed kernels in Amomum villosum fruits is increased, thereby improving the quality.
  • This embodiment also provides a method for cultivating Amomum villosum, which includes the method for adjusting the nesting time of bees and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum, as well as conventional planting and field management.
  • the above method of adjusting the honeycomb nesting time and the flowering stage of Amomum villosum can increase the yield of Amomum villosum and improve the quality of Amomum villosum.

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Abstract

一种调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法和砂仁的栽培方法。该调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法包括：在砂仁来花前的一年，捕捉成蜂，将成蜂置于温室大棚（101）内进行养殖并产卵；在次年砂仁的花期前，对温室大棚（101）进行增温和增湿，促使蜂卵于砂仁的花期时破茧出巢为砂仁授粉。通过野外捕捉蜂种，进行繁育，并调节温室大棚（101）促使蜂的出巢时间与砂仁花期同步，实现无垫蜂为砂仁授粉，有利于节省人工，增加产量。此外，该砂仁的栽培方法，其包括上述调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，能够增加砂仁的产量。

Description

调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法和砂仁的栽培方法 技术领域
本公开涉及砂仁的栽培领域，具体而言，涉及一种调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法和砂仁的栽培方法。
背景技术
作为姜科植物的砂仁，由于其花器构造特殊，大多数授粉昆虫访花时未能帮助砂仁完成传粉，成为盗蜜、盗粉者。人工授粉工作繁重，工人难请，而且年纪老迈的居多，手脚极不灵活，成本高，效果差。自然界中，无垫蜂可以为砂仁传粉，是极佳的传粉者，但是数量极少，而且它们在正常情况下，破茧、出巢时间太迟，只在砂仁花期的后期才见到为砂仁传粉，时间上迟了二十天。数量极少是因为：独栖蜂繁殖力弱，蜜粉源少，台风天气，阴雨天气和众多的天敌，对它的伤害大。再有是它们的雌蜂才可为砂仁传粉，雄峰只采蜜，无授粉作用。而且和雌蜂交配后，很快就死了。雌蜂要在它们制作蜂粮产卵时才能为砂仁传粉。所以自然生长状态下的无垫蜂不能满足大面积种植砂仁的授粉需求的，如何大量繁育和调节无垫蜂雌蜂制作蜂粮、产卵期与砂仁开花同步，来提高砂仁结实率，是本领域技术人员致力解决的问题。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，通过野外捕捉蜂种，繁育，增温、增湿提前促使蜂破茧出巢以对应砂仁花期，实现为砂仁授粉的过程，节省了人工，增加了砂仁的产量。
本公开的另一目的在于提供一种砂仁的栽培方法，其包括上述调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，使得砂仁更易授粉，同时节约了大量的人工，增加的砂仁的产量。
本公开的实施例是这样实现的：
一种调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其包括：在砂仁来花前的一年，捕捉成蜂，将成蜂置于温室大棚内进行养殖并产卵；在次年砂仁的花期前，对温室大棚进行增温和增湿，促使蜂卵于砂仁的花期时破茧出巢为砂仁授粉。
一种砂仁的栽培方法，其包括上述调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法。
本公开实施例的有益效果例如包括：
本实施例中，通过野外捕捉蜂种，进行繁育，并调节温室大棚，以实现增温和增湿，促使蜂的出巢时间与砂仁花期同步，实现蜂提前破茧出巢为砂仁授粉，节省了人工授粉的成本，相较于现有的人工授粉方式，本实施例中砂仁产量增加了约10倍，同时提高了砂仁果内籽核的数量从而提高了品质。
本实施例还提供了一种砂仁的栽培方法，其包括上述调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法以及常规的种植、田间管理。利用上述调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法能够增加砂仁的产量，提高砂仁品质。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本公开的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本公开实施例提供的蜂墙的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的在砖柱上安装飘蓬的结构示意图；
图3为本公开实施例提供的在砖柱上安装饮水器的结构示意图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的温室大棚内的蜂墙和蜜源植物的结构示意图。
图标：101-温室大棚；102-蜂墙；103-砖柱；104-墙体；105-飘蓬；106-第一饮水器；107-第二饮水器；108-蜜源植物。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本公开的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本公开，而不应视为限制本公开的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
下面对本公开实施例的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法和砂仁的栽培方法进行具体说明。
本实施例提供了一种调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其包括：
S1.在砂仁来花前的一年，捕捉成蜂，将所述成蜂置于温室大棚内进行养殖并产卵。
本实施例中，成蜂包括多种无垫蜂中的一者或两者。由于自然界中，无垫蜂在5月中旬有少量破茧出巢，要到6月中旬前期才大量出巢(砂仁的盛花期约为4月下旬至5月中旬)，在砂仁来花前的一年的5月底到野外捕捉，放入准备好的大棚内，在大棚内有丰富的 蜜粉源和有人工制作好的巢穴，让其生长繁育后代，时间进入8月中旬时，它们当年的第一代大部分都产卵完毕，生命陆续消亡了，最迟的9月中旬基本结束。在相隔十天后，它们的第二代又陆续破茧出巢，重复上一代的生命过程，直到12月初才结束生命。它们在巢穴内制造蜂粮并产卵在蜂粮上，这就是蜂的后代，同样要到明年的5、6月份才破茧出巢。
具体地，通过以下方法进行蜂的养殖。
S1.1.搭建大棚
搭建大棚框架，大棚框架根据地形设置，可以为长方形、正方形、五边形等，并且大棚框架的高度大约为3-6米，例如：3米，4米，5米，6米等。在大棚框架的四周以及棚顶用塑料膜围封形成温室大棚101(请参阅图4)，起到增温、保温的作用。其中大棚框架四周的塑料膜可以去除，当利用防虫网替换塑料膜时，温室大棚101可变为网室大棚。
大棚的面积按照砂仁种植面积决定，一般来说，10亩砂仁种植面积对应1亩温室大棚101面积。根据无垫蜂飞翔能力和授粉能力均匀度的要求，设置最大温棚面积为5亩，即一个温室大棚101的蜂可为50亩的砂仁授粉。狭长地形的种植地，可设置多个小的温室大棚101。
S1.2.搭建蜂墙：
在温室大棚101内构筑安装有多个蜂巢的蜂墙102，本实施例中，由于砂仁大多在山地进行栽培，因此蜂墙102可利用山坡的边缘构筑，蜂墙102的形状可以依照山地地形不规则设置(如图1所示)，也可以规则的呈板状。蜂墙102在大棚内的摆放形状不受限制。蜂墙102的高度大约为1-6m，可以为1、2、3、4、5、6米中的任意一者。
具体地，依照地势搭建多个间隔的砖柱103，在任意两个相邻的砖柱103之间构建墙体104，墙体104与地面可以是80°-90°之间的任意角度。在墙体104内放置预制的蜂巢形成蜂墙102。在放置蜂巢时，利用湿泥填充蜂巢与蜂巢之间的间隙，将一部分蜂巢设置为固定蜂巢，一部分蜂巢设置为移动蜂巢，当蜂的数量较多时，于第一年后的每年2月份将蜂墙102上的移动蜂巢内的休眠状态的蜂的转移至其他的大棚内，以调节温室大棚101内的蜂的数量。
由于墙体104的底部离地近，蜂不喜欢在那里筑巢，因此，本实施例中，在墙体104的底部不设置蜂巢，让其空置。
由于无垫蜂是独栖蜂是在土里筑巢的，人工制作的蜂巢材料也需要用泥土，但是泥土易破碎，所以移动的蜂巢需外围有坚硬的木板等材料制成的外框，外框能够保护泥土制成的蜂巢，避免其破碎。
优选地，利用涂覆于砖柱103的外层的不同颜色的涂料层以便于蜂区分巢穴。不同颜色的涂料能够产生不同的视觉感受，使蜂更容易辨识自己的巢穴，进一步的，本实施例中， 还将墙体104的宽度做成不同的跨度，有宽有窄，也便于蜂区分自己的巢穴。
在本实施例中，请参阅图2，蜂墙102的顶部还安装有飘蓬105，飘蓬105呈一定仰角并从墙体104的顶部伸出，伸出长度约600-800mm，用于遮挡雨水和太阳，为蜂创造合适的生活环境。本实施例中的蜂墙102的飘蓬105是采用钢筋混凝土浇筑而成，厚度约为80mm。本实施例中，利用安装于蜂墙102顶部且伸出蜂墙102的飘蓬105进行遮雨遮阳处理。
优选地，请参阅图3，在砖柱103上安装有饮水器，该饮水器能够向砖柱103滴水，本实施例中，利用该饮水器为蜂提供饮水源。进一步地，饮水器为两个，具体包括第一饮水器106和第二饮水器107，其中，第一饮水器106用于盛放淡水，第二饮水器107用于盛放一定浓度的盐水，该盐水的浓度优选为0.1-0.15％。本实施例中，将第一饮水器106和第二饮水器107间隔设置，并且第一饮水器106和第二饮水器107均向砖柱103滴水，滴水的速度以保持砖柱103的水泥沙湿润为准。两个饮水器的设置可以让蜂对饮用水进行选择，盐水的设置还能为蜂补充盐分。
S1.3.种植蜜源植物：
请参阅图4，在温室大棚101内种植蜜源植物108，蜜源植物108能够为蜂提供蜜源，以满足蜂对蜜源的需求。
蜜源植物108可以非常多种，本实施例中优选为玄参科植物和千屈菜科植物中的一种或多种。进一步优选地，玄参科植物包括天使花和五郎草中的一种或多种；千屈菜科植物包括萼距花，圆叶节节菜、紫薇、千屈菜、散沫花和水芫花中的一种或多种。
最优选地，蜜源植物108为玄参科植物中的五郎草和千屈菜科植物中的萼距花，这两种花花期早、长、花量大，上述两种蜜粉独栖蜂喜好，而且种植管理方便，可做成两米高的立体花场，增加花量。花墙的墙头要和蜂墙102隔开1-2m的距离，便于蜂的活动。
S1.4.捕获授粉蜂
由于第一年野外捕捉蜂源，蜂不能为砂仁授粉，也无需调节蜂的出巢时间，本实施例中，在蜂墙102上放置了固定蜂巢和移动蜂巢，其中，固定蜂巢与蜂墙102固定连接，移动蜂巢与蜂墙102可拆卸连接；固定蜂巢和移动蜂巢的个数按照蜂墙102的面积(砂仁种植面积为50亩，温室大棚101面积为5亩)来计算：固定蜂巢为一万个，移动蜂巢为四万个。这样就有了种源并年年不断的繁殖，当蜂的数量较多时，可在第二年的2月将休眠状态下的有蜂的可移动蜂巢转移至其他的大棚内。
值得注意的是，以上步骤S1.1.搭建大棚、S1.2.搭建蜂墙、S1.3.种植蜜源植物以及S1.4.捕获授粉蜂等步骤的顺序不受限制，即可以先种植蜜源植物108，再进行搭建蜂墙102，也可以先搭建蜂墙102，再种植蜜源植物108；可以先搭建蜂墙102和种植蜜源植物108，之后在蜂墙102的外侧围设大棚；也可以先搭设大棚，再在大棚内搭建蜂墙102和种 植蜜源植物108。
此外，还需要注意的是，大棚可以设置在砂仁种植场内，也可以不设置在砂仁种植场内，可设置在任意地方。
还需要说明的是，在本公开的其他实施例中，也可以采用其他的方式进行养蜂繁育。
S2.在次年所述砂仁的花期前，对温室大棚进行增温和增湿，促使蜂卵于砂仁的花期时破茧出巢为砂仁授粉。
具体地，在砂仁的花期的前两个月(即三月份时)，调节温室大棚的温度日间保持在29-31℃，夜间保持在19-21℃，湿度保持在65％-84％；
在砂仁的花期的前一个月(即4月份时)，调节温室大棚的温度日间保持在32-34℃，夜间保持在23-25℃；湿度保持在65％-84％；
优选地，砂仁的花期为四月底至五月中旬。
换而言之，温室大棚101于第一年后的每年3月份和4月份进行增温和增湿，以促使蜂于4月下旬破茧出巢为花期为4月末到5月中旬的砂仁授粉。
具体操作为：温室大棚101于第一年后的每年3月份模拟当地气象部多年平均的5月份的气象资料数据(温度日间保持在29-31℃，夜间保持在19-21℃，湿度保持在65％-84％)进行渐进式增温和增湿；每年4月份模拟当地气象部多年平均的6月份的气象资料数据(温度日间保持在32-34℃，夜间保持在23-25℃；湿度保持在65％-84％)进行增温和增湿，通过这样的措施，到4月下旬前期就有约90％的无垫蜂破茧出巢、采蜜，交尾，又筑新巢，由于人工提供了现成的蜂巢，省却了蜂筑巢所消耗的时间和体力，从而提高了蜂的繁殖能力，也提高了对砂仁授粉的效率。
本实施例通过野外捕捉蜂种，繁育、增温和增湿，提前一个月破茧出巢对应砂仁花期授粉，同时又可大量繁殖无垫蜂。
S3.砂仁授粉：
砂仁花期在4月末，到5月中旬开始开花(各地区气候有差异，花期跟着差异)，由温室大棚101调控的早出的无垫蜂正好对应砂仁花期，优异的为砂仁授粉，从而大大提高砂仁的结实率。
蜂开始为砂仁授粉时，调节温室大棚101分批放蜂，使一部分蜂采砂仁的粉蜜，另一部分蜂继续于温室大棚101内采蜜源植物108的粉蜜，以避免粉蜜不足，影响繁殖；砂仁盛花期时，封闭温室大棚101内的蜜源植物108，让全部的蜂采砂仁的粉蜜，为砂仁授粉；砂仁盛花期后，再次调节温室大棚101分批放蜂，使一部分蜂采砂仁的粉蜜，另一部分蜂继续于温室大棚101内采蜜源植物108的粉蜜，以保证食料充足。
在砂仁开花前期和后期，粉蜜较少，通过分批放蜂，实现一部分蜂采砂仁的粉蜜，另 一部分蜂继续于温室大棚101内采蜜源植物108的粉蜜，以避免粉蜜不足，而在盛花期时，将所有的蜂均放出用于采砂仁的粉蜜，通过调节为砂仁授粉的蜂的数量，保证充足的蜂为砂仁授粉的同时，粉蜜充足，保证蜂的正常繁殖。
当盛花期过后，此时外界的温度升高，可将温室大棚101变为网室大棚，具体来说，是通过将温室大棚101四周的塑料膜去除，换上透气的防虫网，让蜂继续在棚内生活，繁殖。由于华南、西南地区5月到9月正值雨季，需保留棚顶的塑料膜，以达到避免蜂不受阴雨天气的影响。本实施例中，通过以防虫网代替塑料膜，不仅仅能够保持大棚内的温度与室外温度一致，同时还能避免众多天敌的捕猎，为无垫蜂营造更舒适、安全的生活环境。此外，持续在蜂在大棚内生活，大棚内的蜜源植物108持续为蜂提供蜜源，近距离的蜜源节省了蜂采蜜的体力消耗，为繁育生殖创造了绝佳的条件。
本实施例中，通过野外捕捉蜂种，进行繁育，并调节温室大棚101，以实现增温和增湿，促使蜂的出巢时间与砂仁花期同步，实现无垫蜂为砂仁授粉，节省了人工授粉的成本，相较于现有的人工授粉方式，本实施例中砂仁产量增加了约10倍，同时提高了砂仁果内籽核的数量从而提高了品质。
此外，本实施例还提供了一种砂仁的栽培方法，其包括上述调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法以及常规的种植、田间管理。利用上述调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法能够增加砂仁的产量，提高砂仁品质。
以下结合实施例对本公开的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其包括：
根据砂仁种植场的地形，搭建大棚框架，并在大棚框架的四周和棚顶围设塑料膜。本实施例中，砂仁种植场的面积为50亩，对应大棚的面积为5亩。
在温室大棚内搭建多个砖柱，在任意两个相邻的砖柱之间构建墙体，在墙体内放置预制的蜂巢形成蜂墙。本实施例中的，蜂巢是利用泥土制成，在泥土的外侧包覆有木质材料的外框。蜂巢包括固定蜂巢一万个，移动蜂巢四万个。在温室大棚内种植五郎草和萼距花作为蜜源植物为蜂提供蜜源。蜂墙为两面且相对设置，蜜源植物种植在两面蜂墙之间，且蜜源植物与蜂墙之间的间距为1.5m。
在砂仁来花前一年于野外捕捉蜂源，第一年的蜂不能为砂仁授粉，也无需调节蜂的出巢时间，将捕捉获得的蜂源置于大棚内，使其自由繁殖。
温室大棚于第一年后的每年3月份调节至日间温度为保持在30℃，夜间保持在20℃，湿度保持在65％-84％；进行渐进式增温和增湿；每年4月份调节温室大棚的温度日间保持在33℃，夜间保持在24℃；湿度保持在65％-84％进行增温和增湿，通过这样的措施，到4 月下旬前期就有约90％的无垫蜂破茧出巢、采蜜，交尾，又筑新巢，促使于4月下旬破茧出巢的蜂为花期为4月末到5月中旬的砂仁授粉。
蜂开始为砂仁授粉时，调节温室大棚分批放蜂，使一部分蜂采砂仁的粉蜜，另一部分蜂继续于温室大棚内采蜜源植物的粉蜜，以避免粉蜜不足，影响繁殖；砂仁盛花期时，封闭温室大棚内的蜜源植物，让全部的蜂采砂仁的粉蜜，为砂仁授粉；砂仁盛花期后，再次调节温室大棚分批放蜂，使一部分蜂采砂仁的粉蜜，另一部分蜂继续于温室大棚内采蜜源植物的粉蜜，以保证食料充足。
当盛花期过后，此时外界的温度升高，将温室大棚四周的塑料膜去除，换上透气的防虫网，保留棚顶的塑料膜，让蜂继续在棚内生活，繁殖。
实施例2
本实施例提供的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法与实施例1大致相同，区别点在于：本实施例中，在搭建蜂墙时，还将蜂墙的砖柱涂覆不同颜色的涂料层，以便蜂区分巢穴。
实施例3
本实施例提供的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法与实施例1大致相同，区别点在于：本实施例中，在搭建蜂墙时，还在蜂墙的顶部安装飘蓬，飘蓬呈仰角伸出墙体600mm，飘蓬能够为蜂巢遮挡雨水和太阳，为无垫蜂创造更合适的生活环境。
实施例4
本实施例提供的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法与实施例1大致相同，区别点在于：本实施例中，在搭建蜂墙时，还在砖柱的顶部安装有饮水器，本实施例中，饮水器为点滴瓶，点滴瓶不断向砖柱滴水，以保持砖柱湿润，蜂可以自由饮水。
实施例5
本实施例提供的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法与实施例1大致相同，区别点在于：本实施例中，在搭建蜂墙时，还在砖柱的顶部安装有第一饮水器和第二饮水器，其中，第一饮水器用于盛放淡水，第二饮水器用于盛放浓度为0.1％的盐水，本实施例中，第一饮水器和第二饮水器均为点滴瓶，点滴瓶不断向砖柱滴水，以保持砖柱湿润，蜂可以自由饮水，并且还可以选择饮用淡水或盐水。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其包括：
根据砂仁种植场的地形，搭建大棚框架，并在大棚框架的四周和棚顶围设塑料膜。本实施例中，砂仁种植场的面积为50亩，对应大棚的面积为5亩。
在温室大棚内搭建多个砖柱，在任意两个相邻的砖柱之间构建墙体，在墙体内放置预 制的蜂巢形成蜂墙。本实施例中的，蜂巢是利用泥土制成，在泥土的外侧包覆有木质材料的外框。蜂巢包括固定蜂巢一万个，移动蜂巢四万个。在温室大棚内种植五郎草和萼距花作为蜜源植物为蜂提供蜜源。蜂墙为四面呈四边形设置，蜜源植物种植在四面蜂墙之间，且蜜源植物与蜂墙之间的间距为1m。
将蜂墙的砖柱涂覆不同颜色的涂料层，同时在蜂墙的顶部安装飘蓬，飘蓬呈30度仰角从墙体的顶部伸出800mm。此外，还在砖柱上安装饮水器，其中，饮水器用于盛放浓度为0.1％的盐水，饮水器为点滴瓶，点滴瓶不断向砖柱滴水，以保持砖柱湿润，蜂可以自由饮水。
在砂仁来花前一年于野外捕捉蜂源，第一年的蜂不能为砂仁授粉，也无需调节蜂的出巢时间，将捕捉获得的蜂源置于大棚内，使其自由繁殖。
温室大棚于第一年后的每年3月份调节至日间温度为保持在30℃，夜间保持在20℃，湿度保持在65％-84％进行渐进式增温和增湿；每年4月份调节温室大棚的温度日间保持在33℃，夜间保持在24℃；湿度保持在65％-84％进行增温和增湿，通过这样的措施，到4月下旬前期就有约90％的无垫蜂破茧出巢、采蜜，交尾，又筑新巢，促使于4月下旬破茧出巢的蜂为花期为4月末到5月中旬的砂仁授粉。
蜂开始为砂仁授粉时，调节温室大棚分批放蜂，使一部分蜂采砂仁的粉蜜，另一部分蜂继续于温室大棚内采蜜源植物的粉蜜，以避免粉蜜不足，影响繁殖；砂仁盛花期时，封闭温室大棚内的蜜源植物，让全部的蜂采砂仁的粉蜜，为砂仁授粉；砂仁盛花期后，再次调节温室大棚分批放蜂，使一部分蜂采砂仁的粉蜜，另一部分蜂继续于温室大棚内采蜜源植物的粉蜜，以保证食料充足。
当盛花期过后，此时外界的温度升高，将温室大棚四周的塑料膜去除，换上透气的防虫网，保留棚顶的塑料膜，让蜂继续在棚内生活，繁殖。
以上仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本实施例中，通过野外捕捉蜂种，进行繁育，并调节温室大棚，以实现增温和增湿，促使蜂的出巢时间与砂仁花期同步，实现蜂提前破茧出巢为砂仁授粉，节省了人工授粉的成本，相较于现有的人工授粉方式，本实施例中砂仁产量增加了约10倍，同时提高了砂仁果内籽核的数量从而提高了品质。
本实施例还提供了一种砂仁的栽培方法，其包括上述调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法以及常规的种植、田间管理。利用上述调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法能够 增加砂仁的产量，提高砂仁品质。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其特征在于，其包括：在砂仁来花前的一年，捕捉成蜂，将所述成蜂置于温室大棚内进行养殖并产卵；在次年所述砂仁的花期前，对所述温室大棚进行增温和增湿，促使蜂卵于所述砂仁的花期时破茧出巢为所述砂仁授粉。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其特征在于，对所述温室大棚进行增温和增湿包括：在所述砂仁的花期的前两个月，调节所述温室大棚的温度日间保持在29-31℃，夜间保持在19-21℃，湿度保持在65％-84％；
    在所述砂仁的花期的前一个月，调节所述温室大棚的温度日间保持在32-34℃，夜间保持在23-25℃；湿度保持在65％-84％；
    优选地，所述砂仁的花期为四月底至五月中旬。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其特征在于，养殖所述成蜂包括：在所述温室大棚内构筑安装有多个蜂巢的蜂墙，将捕捉的成蜂置于所述温室大棚的蜂巢内进行养殖，并且在所述温室大棚内种植为所述成蜂提供粉蜜的蜜源植物。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其特征在于，蜂为所述砂仁授粉包括：蜂开始为所述砂仁授粉时，调节所述温室大棚分批放蜂，使一部分蜂采所述砂仁的粉蜜，另一部分蜂继续于所述温室大棚内采所述蜜源植物的粉蜜；砂仁盛花期时，封闭所述温室大棚内的蜜源植物，让全部的蜂采所述砂仁的粉蜜，为所述砂仁授粉；砂仁盛花期后，再次调节所述温室大棚分批放蜂，使一部分蜂采所述砂仁的粉蜜，另一部分蜂继续于所述温室大棚内采所述蜜源植物的粉蜜。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其特征在于，所述蜜源植物选自玄参科植物和千屈菜科植物中的一种或多种，
    优选地，所述玄参科植物包括天使花和五郎草中的一种或多种；
    优选地，所述千屈菜科植物包括萼距花，圆叶节节菜、紫薇、千屈菜、散沫花和水芫花中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其特征在于，构筑所述蜂墙包括：搭建多个间隔的砖柱，在任意两个相邻的所述砖柱之间构建墙体，在所述墙体内放置预制的所述蜂巢形成所述蜂墙；
    优选地，所述蜂巢包括固定蜂巢和移动蜂巢，所述固定蜂巢与所述蜂墙固定连接，所述移动蜂巢与所述蜂墙可拆卸连接；
    优选地，利用涂覆于所述砖柱的外层的不同颜色的涂料层以便于蜂区分巢穴；
    优选地，利用安装于所述蜂墙的顶部且伸出所述蜂墙的飘蓬进行遮雨遮阳处理。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其特征在于，利用安装于所述砖柱上且向所述砖柱滴水的饮水器为蜂提供饮水源；
    优选地，所述饮水器包括用于盛放淡水的第一饮水器和用于盛放盐水第二饮水器；所述第一饮水器和所述第二饮水器间隔设置；
    优选地，所述盐水的浓度为0.1-0.15％。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其特征在于，在砂仁授粉结束后，将所述温室大棚变为网室大棚，使全部蜂继续在所述网室大棚内生活繁育；
    优选地，利用防虫网替换大棚框架四周的塑料膜，并保留所述大棚框架棚顶的塑料膜，使得所述温室大棚变为所述网室大棚。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法，其特征在于，所述成蜂包括无垫蜂。
  10. 一种砂仁的栽培方法，其特征在于，其包括如权利要求1-9任一项所述的调节蜂出巢时间与砂仁花期同步的方法。
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