WO2020029309A1 - 一种多天线系统的信号放大器 - Google Patents

一种多天线系统的信号放大器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020029309A1
WO2020029309A1 PCT/CN2018/100349 CN2018100349W WO2020029309A1 WO 2020029309 A1 WO2020029309 A1 WO 2020029309A1 CN 2018100349 W CN2018100349 W CN 2018100349W WO 2020029309 A1 WO2020029309 A1 WO 2020029309A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
antenna
outdoor
network
uplink
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/100349
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭一兵
Original Assignee
深圳市达驰通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市达驰通信有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市达驰通信有限公司
Priority to US16/565,497 priority Critical patent/US11095332B2/en
Publication of WO2020029309A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020029309A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
    • H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/68—Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02—Transmitters
    • H04B1/04—Circuits
    • H04B1/0458—Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H04B1/18—Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/451—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the field of mobile communication, and more particularly, to a signal amplifier of a multi-antenna system.
  • Mobile phone signal amplifier (professional name: repeater) consists of antennas, RF duplexers, low noise amplifiers, detectors, ESC attenuators, filters, power amplifiers, CPUs and other components or modules. .
  • the basic principle of its work is: Use the forward antenna (donor antenna) to receive the downlink signal of the base station into the repeater, amplify the useful signal through a low-noise amplifier, suppress the noise signal in the signal, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (S / N );
  • the CPU controls the attenuation of the ESC attenuator according to the signal strength detected by the detector, so that the signal strength reaches a suitable level, is amplified by the power amplifier, and is transmitted to the mobile station by the backward antenna (retransmission antenna);
  • the backward antenna receives the mobile station's uplink signal and is processed by the uplink amplification link along the opposite path: that is, it is transmitted to the base station through a low-noise amplifier, ESC atten
  • the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a signal amplifier of a multi-antenna system which can effectively improve the loss.
  • a signal amplifier for a multi-antenna system includes:
  • Outdoor device for communicating with the base station
  • the outdoor device includes a plurality of outdoor antennas, a first two-way signal amplification link, and a first combining and splitting network.
  • One end of the first two-way signal amplification link is coupled to the outdoor antenna, and the first The other end of the two-way signal amplification link is coupled to the first switching network.
  • the indoor device includes an indoor antenna and a feeder. One end of the feeder is coupled to the indoor antenna. The other end is coupled to the first switching network.
  • the first two-way signal amplification link includes a plurality of uplink amplification links and downlink amplification links for processing separate frequency bands
  • the first combining and splitting network includes a high-frequency multiplexing and combining network and a low-frequency multiplexing and combining network.
  • a split network and a high and low frequency combiner one end of the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link are coupled to the outdoor antenna through a first duplexer, and the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification The other end of the link is coupled to a high-frequency multiplexing and splitting network or a low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network, and the high-frequency multiplexing and splitting network and the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network are connected to the high-frequency and low-frequency multiplexer and the The indoor device is coupled.
  • the outdoor antenna includes a plurality of single-frequency antennas for receiving or transmitting signals in separate frequency bands.
  • the output end of the uplink amplification link and the input end of the downlink amplification link of each separate frequency band pass through a first dual A single frequency antenna corresponding to a separate frequency band is connected after the workers are combined.
  • the outdoor antenna includes a plurality of multi-frequency antennas for receiving or transmitting a multi-band signal, and a plurality of output ends of the uplink amplification link that process separate frequency bands and input ends of the downlink amplification link pass After the matching combining network performs combining, a multi-frequency antenna including these separate frequency bands is connected.
  • the multi-band signals received or sent by the multi-frequency antenna are adapted to the frequency-band signals of multiple base stations in the same direction range that the multi-frequency antenna faces.
  • the multi-band signal received or sent by the multi-frequency antenna is adapted to the signal of the frequency band with the smallest loss of the combined network after combining.
  • the indoor device includes a second switching network and a second bidirectional signal amplification link, and two ends of the second switching network are respectively connected to the feeder and the second bidirectional signal amplification chain. ⁇ Coupling.
  • the outdoor device includes a power supply unit and a power supply separation network
  • the indoor device includes a DC power supply
  • the feeder and the power supply separation network are connected by a radio frequency coaxial cable, and the positive and negative poles of the DC power supply pass through
  • the feeder is fed into the core wire and the shielding layer of the radio frequency coaxial cable, and is processed by the radio frequency coaxial cable to the power separation network and then supplied to the power supply unit.
  • the outdoor antenna includes an omnidirectional antenna and / or a directional antenna.
  • the outdoor device includes a housing, a plurality of the outdoor antennas are disposed in the housing, and a distance between any two of the outdoor antennas is greater than 50 mm.
  • the utility model can greatly improve the noise coefficient of the downlink amplification link and effectively improve the reception sensitivity of the base station signal; Under the condition that the output power of the uplink amplification link is unchanged, the transmission distance of the amplified user terminal signal is increased by 2 to 4 times compared with the prior art; and when the original uplink transmission distance is guaranteed, the uplink final stage amplifier can With smaller power capacity amplifiers, the power consumption can even be reduced by an order of magnitude. Not only can the purchase price of semiconductor amplifier devices be reduced, but also the equipment's heat dissipation structure can be saved, the equipment casing can be reduced, and power adapters with lower power can be used. Significantly reduces the cost of the signal amplifier.
  • 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an undisclosed signal amplifier of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal amplifier according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal amplifier according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal amplifier according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal amplifier according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise specified and limited. For example, it may be a fixed connection or a connection. Disassembly connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • Disassembly connection, or integral connection it can be mechanical or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific situations.
  • the inventor designed an undisclosed signal amplifier.
  • the host 103 of the amplification device is set indoors, which is convenient for operation and powered by an indoor AC / DC power supply 106.
  • the outdoor antenna 101 shares a full-band antenna.
  • a long low-loss RF coaxial cable 102 is used to connect to the indoor equipment.
  • a complex multiplexing and splitting network 160 is required to complete all the uplink and downlink frequency signals in each frequency band. Separate, and then connect to the output end of the corresponding uplink amplification link such as 114, 113 and the input end of the downlink amplification link such as 111, 112, etc .;
  • Multiple downlink amplification links such as 111, 112, etc. of the indoor amplification equipment respectively amplify the downlink signals, and then merge them into one port through the complex multiplexing and splitting network 170, and send them to the user's mobile terminal through the indoor antenna 104; this port
  • uplink signals of various frequency bands sent by the user's various mobile devices received by the indoor antenna 104.
  • These uplink signals will also be sent to the uplink amplified links of the corresponding frequency bands such as 114 through the multiplexing and splitting network 170.
  • the input terminals such as, 113, etc.
  • indoor amplification equipment usually needs to be powered by an external AC-DC power supply 106 through a separate power interface 107;
  • the inventor's further research found that the amplifier host 103 is placed indoors and connected to the outdoor antenna through a long low-loss RF coaxial cable 102. Considering the cost that the user can accept, the consumer signal amplifier is usually connected to the indoor host and The cables of outdoor antennas are various coaxial cables with performance close to RG6.
  • the insertion loss of RG6 at 10 meters is 2 ⁇ 5dB, which makes the already weak downlink signal greatly attenuated, which increases the noise of the downlink amplification link.
  • the coefficient is 2 ⁇ 5dB, which prevents users from receiving the downlink signal of the base station at a long distance; moreover, the loss of the cable will also attenuate the amplitude of the uplink signal.
  • a multi-port multiplexing and splitting network 160 is required to take all The input of the downlink amplification link and the output of all the uplink amplification links are combined into one port, and then connected to an outdoor broadband antenna through a low-loss RF coaxial cable 102; this is done to save costs and facilitate installation, but it brings Disadvantages are many: Because there are many frequency bands to be combined, and each frequency band is divided into uplink and downlink, it needs to be combined and divided.
  • the number of ports is usually around 10, and the frequency range changes from low to high frequencies by more than three times, and each port that needs to be split and split needs to be isolated from each other.
  • Such a complex multiplexing and splitting network usually requires level 3. Only the combination and shunt can be realized, and the insertion loss of the multi-stage combination and shunt is superimposed on each stage, which is generally 4 ⁇ 10dB, which is equivalent to the increase of the noise figure of the downlink amplification link by 4 ⁇ 10dB; accordingly, The output power of the power amplifier of the uplink amplification link will be reduced by 4 ⁇ 10dB after multiplexing and splitting the network.
  • the final stage power amplifier of each uplink amplification link needs to be increased by 4 ⁇ 10dB output, which will further increase the power consumption of the amplifier, increase the heating sharply, and reduce the quality of the uplink signal; the use of higher power amplifiers, higher power adapters and additional structural designs for heat dissipation also makes the cost sharp And the components that make up the multiplexing and shunting network are low-cost acoustic table duplexers.
  • the output power of the uplink power amplifier increases to 30 dBm, it has reached The upper limit of the power capacity of the acoustic table duplexer.
  • the multiplexed splitter network needs to use a ceramic medium duplex that is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher in cost.
  • the minimum frequency of the full-band antenna is 3 to 4 times more than the highest frequency. It is necessary to meet the directivity, gain, input impedance, standing wave ratio, polarization direction and other indicators in such a wide frequency range. Difficult, some indicators of some frequency bands will be sacrificed to meet the requirements of broadband; meanwhile, in order to take into account the cost, transportation and installation conditions of consumer antenna products, the antenna size will usually be smaller to save raw material costs and facilitate non-professional consumption Installation, but at the expense of the radiation efficiency of the antenna;
  • full-band signal amplifier products need to use high-gain directional antennas as outdoor antennas.
  • the gain of high-gain antennas can make up for the loss of some long cables and multi-port combining networks.
  • a higher gain means that the antenna has a narrower usable direction.
  • the only outdoor directional antenna can only point in the direction of one of the base stations, and the signal gain of the directional antenna to the base station in the other direction Will be very low, resulting in poor communication between the user and the base station in other directions or unable to communicate at all.
  • the installed signal booster is full-band, but only some bands can be used normally;
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 and Examples 1 to 4 further illustrate the present invention.
  • this embodiment discloses a signal amplifier of a multi-antenna system, including:
  • the outdoor device 200 is configured to communicate with a base station
  • the outdoor device 200 includes a plurality of outdoor antennas, a first two-way signal amplification link, and a first combining and splitting network. One end of the first two-way signal amplification link is coupled to the outdoor antenna. One end is coupled to the first switching branch network.
  • the indoor device includes an indoor antenna 207 and a feeder 205. One end of the feeder 205 is coupled to the indoor antenna 207. The other end of the feeder 205 is coupled to the first switching branch network.
  • the noise figure of the downlink amplification link can be greatly improved, and the receiving sensitivity of the base station signal can be effectively improved;
  • the transmission distance of the amplified user terminal signal is increased by 2 to 4 times compared with the prior art; and when the original uplink transmission distance is guaranteed, the uplink final stage amplifier can be smaller.
  • Power capacity amplifiers can reduce power consumption even by an order of magnitude, which not only reduces the purchase price of semiconductor amplifier components, but also eliminates the heat dissipation structure of the device, reduces the size of the device casing, and uses a lower-power power adapter, greatly reducing The cost of the signal amplifier.
  • the first two-way signal amplification link includes a plurality of uplink amplification links and downlink amplification links for processing separate frequency bands.
  • the first multiplexing and dividing network includes a high-frequency multiplexing and dividing network, a low-frequency multiplexing and dividing network, and High and low frequency combiner, one end of the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link is coupled to the outdoor antenna through a first duplexer, and the other end of the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link is connected to a high frequency multiplexing splitter network or
  • the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network is coupled, and the high-frequency multiplexing and splitting network and the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network are coupled to the indoor device through a high-frequency and low-frequency combiner.
  • the outdoor antenna includes multiple single-frequency antennas for receiving or transmitting signals in separate frequency bands.
  • the output end of the uplink amplification link and the input end of the downlink amplification link of each separate frequency band are connected through a first duplexer.
  • a single-band antenna corresponding to a separate frequency band which greatly simplifies the multiplexing and splitting network connected to the outdoor antenna end, and replaces the complex multiport multiplexing and splitting network with a simple duplexer or a multiport multiplexing and splitting network with fewer ports.
  • the advantage is that it can reduce the insertion loss caused by the split and split network, which can be reduced from the original 4 ⁇ 10dB to 1 ⁇ 3dB. With the insertion loss of the long cable removed, there can be an improvement of 5 ⁇ 12dB; at the same time, the flatness of the band The improvement is also considerable.
  • the outdoor device 200 includes a power supply unit and a power separation network
  • the indoor device includes a DC power supply.
  • the feeder 205 and the power separation network are connected by a radio frequency coaxial cable.
  • the positive and negative poles of the DC power supply are fed into the radio frequency coaxial cable through the feeder 205 respectively.
  • the core wire and shielding layer are supplied to the power supply unit after being processed by the RF coaxial cable to the power separation network.
  • the bidirectional signal amplification links of the signal amplifier are all set in the outdoor device 200, and the indoor antenna 207 or the rest of the room is amplified. The link still needs a long RF coaxial cable. The loss of the RF coaxial cable will not affect the downlink noise figure and uplink output power.
  • the distance of the antenna 207 is very close, generally within a range of several tens of meters.
  • the increased uplink noise figure and the attenuated downlink signal will not affect the use of the user; and the RF coaxial cable that transmits the signal is used to power the outdoor unit, eliminating the need for Power cords specially installed for outdoor units make installation easier , More aesthetic appearance; simultaneously without affecting system performance indicators, a long cable connecting the indoor and outdoor cable may be thinner, beautiful and easy to install, further reducing costs.
  • the outdoor antenna includes an omnidirectional antenna and / or a directional antenna.
  • the original full-band broadband antenna is replaced with a narrow-band antenna corresponding to each frequency band, which reduces the difficulty of designing the antenna because it is only for a relatively narrow frequency band.
  • the various indicators are easier to achieve better than full-band antenna.
  • the outdoor device 200 includes a casing, and a plurality of outdoor antennas are disposed in the casing.
  • the distance between any two outdoor antennas is greater than 50 mm.
  • a sufficient distance between the antennas is required to reduce the mutual coupling between the antennas. Ensure lower loss transmission of bidirectional signals.
  • the two-way signal amplification links of the signal amplifier are all set in the outdoor device 200, and the uplink and downlink amplification links of each frequency band are separately connected to corresponding outdoor antennas.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment can be better adapted to When the operator's base station provided by the user's wireless device is in any direction of the user.
  • the single-frequency antenna 201 is an omnidirectional or directional antenna including the first frequency band
  • 210 is a duplexer of the first frequency band.
  • the duplexer has a common port, a downlink frequency port, and an uplink frequency port.
  • the common port of the duplexer 210 is connected to the single-frequency antenna 201, the downlink frequency port is connected to the input ends of the downlink amplification links 211, 212, and the uplink frequency port is connected to the output ends of the uplink amplification links 214, 213.
  • the downlink amplifier links 211 and 212 and the uplink amplifier links 214 and 213 include circuits such as multi-stage low-noise amplifiers, filters, attenuators, detectors, and power amplifiers.
  • the single-frequency antenna 202 is an omnidirectional or directional antenna including the second frequency band
  • 220 is a duplexer of the second frequency band.
  • the duplexer has a common port, a downlink frequency port, and an uplink frequency port.
  • the duplexer The public port of 220 is connected to the single-frequency antenna 202, the downlink frequency port is connected to the input ends of the downlink amplification links 221, 222, and the uplink frequency port is connected to the output ends of the uplink amplification links 224, 223.
  • the downlink amplification links 221 and 222 and the uplink amplification links 224 and 223 include multiple stages of low-noise amplifiers, filters, attenuators, detectors, power amplifiers and other circuits.
  • the single-frequency antenna 203 is an omnidirectional or directional antenna including the Nth frequency band
  • 230 is a duplexer of the Nth frequency band.
  • the duplexer has a common port, a downlink frequency port, and an uplink frequency port.
  • the common port of the duplexer 230 is connected to the single-frequency antenna 203, the downlink frequency port is connected to the input ends of the downlink amplification links 231, 232, and the uplink frequency port is connected to the output ends of the uplink amplification links 234, 233.
  • the downlink amplification links 231 and 232 and the uplink amplification links 234 and 233 include circuits such as multi-stage low-noise amplifiers, filters, attenuators, detectors, and power amplifiers.
  • the output end and the input end of the uplink amplification link are respectively connected to the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network 264 and connected together, and connected to the low-frequency end of the high-frequency and low-frequency combiner 263, and the high-frequency end of the high-frequency and low-frequency combiner 263 is connected to high frequency
  • the common end of the multiplexing and splitting network 265 is connected to the public end 264 with the high- and low-frequency combiner 263 in all frequency bands.
  • the DC power separation network 280 and the RF coaxial cable 209 communicate with
  • the indoor feeder 205 is connected to the indoor antenna 207.
  • the function of the power separation network 280 is to separate the DC power supply voltage between the cable shielding layer and the core wire from the uplink and downlink radio frequency signals in the RF coaxial cable, and supply it to the power supply unit 281 of the outdoor unit.
  • the two-way radio frequency signal is transmitted between the radio frequency coaxial cable 209 and the high and low frequency combiner 263 with as little loss as possible.
  • the principle of the indoor power feeder 205 is the same as that of the power separation network 280.
  • the role of the power feeder 205 is to feed the DC power output from the AC / DC power adapter 206 into the coaxial cable 209 to the outdoor unit.
  • the RF signal between the indoor antennas 207 has minimal attenuation.
  • the single-frequency antennas 201, 202, and 203 are outdoor antennas that only include a corresponding single frequency band, if a directional antenna is used, no matter which direction the operator's base station is in, the frequency of each frequency band can be adjusted.
  • the outdoor antenna is aligned with the direction of the base station where the operator serves. There is no case where an outdoor antenna cannot be considered in several directions when it is shared by several frequency bands, so that a high-gain directional outdoor antenna can further improve the communication distance and communication quality.
  • the single-frequency antennas 201, 202, and 203 are omnidirectional antennas. Since each single-frequency antenna contains only a single frequency band, compared to a full-band antenna, the relative bandwidth is small, and a small-sized single-frequency antenna with a simple structure can be used. Achieve the same performance indicators as omnidirectional antennas in all bands, so that more than 201, 202, and 203 single-frequency antennas can be installed in the same casing, which has a simpler appearance and does not need to adjust the direction of each single-frequency antenna, which is suitable for users around When the direction of the base station cannot be determined. In the case, there must be enough distance between the antennas to reduce mutual coupling between the antennas. The size of the case should meet the minimum distance between any two antennas in the case not less than 50 ⁇ 100mm;
  • other unit components of the outdoor device 200 may be in the same housing as the outdoor antenna, or may be a separate housing placed near the antenna housing; the single-frequency antennas of each frequency band and their corresponding uplink and downlink amplification chains Can be connected directly or with a short cable.
  • this embodiment discloses a signal amplifier of a multi-antenna system, including:
  • Outdoor device for communicating with the base station
  • the indoor device 300 is configured to communicate with a client
  • the outdoor device includes a plurality of outdoor antennas, a first two-way signal amplification link, and a first combining and splitting network.
  • One end of the first two-way signal amplification link is coupled to the outdoor antenna, and the other end of the first two-way signal amplification link.
  • the indoor device 300 couples to the first switching network, the indoor device 300 includes an indoor antenna 307 and a feeder 305, one end of the feeder 305 is coupled to the indoor antenna 307, and the other end of the feeder 305 is coupled to the first switching network.
  • the noise figure of the downlink amplification link can be greatly improved, and the receiving sensitivity of the base station signal can be effectively improved;
  • the transmission distance of the amplified user terminal signal is increased by 2 to 4 times compared with the existing technology; and when the original uplink transmission distance is guaranteed, the uplink final stage amplifier can be used more
  • the amplifier with low power capacity can reduce the power consumption even by an order of magnitude, which not only reduces the purchase price of semiconductor amplifier components, but also eliminates the heat dissipation structure of the device, reduces the size of the device shell, and uses a smaller power adapter. Reduced the cost of the signal amplifier.
  • the first two-way signal amplification link includes a plurality of uplink amplification links and downlink amplification links for processing separate frequency bands.
  • the first multiplexing and dividing network includes a high-frequency multiplexing and dividing network, a low-frequency multiplexing and dividing network, and High and low frequency combiner, one end of the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link is coupled to the outdoor antenna through a first duplexer, and the other end of the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link is connected to a high frequency multiplexing splitter network or
  • the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network is coupled, and the high-frequency multiplexing and splitting network and the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network are coupled to the indoor device 300 through a high-frequency and low-frequency combiner.
  • the outdoor antenna includes multiple single-frequency antennas for receiving or transmitting signals in separate frequency bands.
  • the output end of the uplink amplification link and the input end of the downlink amplification link of each separate frequency band are connected through a first duplexer.
  • the outdoor antenna also includes multiple multi-frequency antennas for receiving or transmitting multi-band signals, and multiple output ends of the uplink amplification link that handle separate frequency bands and input ends of the downlink amplification link are combined by a matching combining network. Connect a multi-frequency antenna that contains these separate frequency bands.
  • the multiplexing and splitting network connected to the outdoor antenna end is greatly simplified, and the complex multiporting and splitting network is replaced with a simple duplexer or a multiporting and splitting network with fewer ports.
  • the advantage is that it can reduce the insertion loss caused by the split and split network, which can be reduced from the original 4 ⁇ 10dB to 1 ⁇ 3dB. With the insertion loss of the long cable removed, there can be an improvement of 5 ⁇ 12dB; at the same time, the flatness of the band The improvement is also considerable.
  • the outdoor device includes a power supply unit and a power separation network.
  • the indoor device 300 includes a DC power supply.
  • the feeder 305 is connected to the power separation network through a radio frequency coaxial cable.
  • the positive and negative poles of the DC power are fed into the radio frequency coaxial cable through the feeder 305 respectively.
  • the core wire and the shielding layer are supplied to the power supply unit after being processed by the RF coaxial cable to the power separation network.
  • the two-way signal amplification links of the signal amplifier are all installed in the outdoor device, and the indoor antenna 307 or the rest of the indoor amplification chain is connected.
  • the channel still needs a long RF coaxial cable. The loss of the RF coaxial cable will not affect the downlink noise figure and uplink output power.
  • the distance of 307 is very close, generally in the range of tens of meters, the increased uplink noise figure and the attenuated downlink signal will not affect the use of users; and the use of radio frequency coaxial cables for transmitting signals to power outdoor units, eliminating the need for special Power cords for outdoor units make installation easier More aesthetic appearance; simultaneously without affecting system performance indicators, a long cable connecting the indoor and outdoor cable may be thinner, beautiful and easy to install, further reducing costs.
  • the outdoor antenna includes an omnidirectional antenna and / or a directional antenna.
  • the original full-band broadband antenna is replaced with a narrow-band antenna corresponding to each frequency band, which reduces the difficulty of designing the antenna because it is only for a relatively narrow frequency band.
  • the various indicators are easier to achieve better than full-band antenna.
  • the outdoor device includes a casing, and a plurality of outdoor antennas are arranged in the casing.
  • the distance between any two outdoor antennas is greater than 50 millimeters. There needs to be sufficient distance between each antenna to reduce the mutual coupling between the antennas, thereby ensuring that Lower loss transmission of bidirectional signals.
  • the two-way signal amplification links of the signal amplifier are all set in the outdoor device.
  • the uplink and downlink amplification links of some frequency bands are separately connected to corresponding outdoor antennas, and the uplink and downlink amplification links of other frequency bands are simply multiplexed.
  • the shunt network is connected to an outdoor antenna that includes these frequency bands.
  • the single-frequency antenna 301 is an omnidirectional or directional antenna including the first frequency band
  • 310 is a duplexer of the first frequency band.
  • the duplexer has a common port, a downlink frequency port, and an uplink frequency port.
  • the common port of the duplexer 310 is connected to the single-frequency antenna 301, the downlink frequency port is connected to the input ends of the downlink amplification links 311, 312, and the uplink frequency port is connected to the output ends of the uplink amplification links 314, 313.
  • the downlink amplification links 311 and 312 and the uplink amplification links 314 and 313 include circuits such as multi-stage low-noise amplifiers, filters, attenuators, detectors, and power amplifiers.
  • the single-frequency antenna 302 is an omnidirectional or directional antenna including a second frequency band
  • 320 is a duplexer of the second frequency band.
  • the duplexer has a common port, a downlink frequency port, and an uplink frequency port.
  • the common port of the duplexer 320 is connected to the single-frequency antenna 302, the downlink frequency port is connected to the input ends of the downlink amplification links 321, 322, and the uplink frequency port is connected to the output ends of the uplink amplification links 324, 323.
  • the downlink amplification links 321 and 322 and the uplink amplification links 324 and 323 include circuits such as multi-stage low-noise amplifiers, filters, attenuators, detectors, and power amplifiers.
  • the multi-frequency antenna 303 is an omnidirectional or directional antenna including multiple frequency bands, and 330 is a duplexer in one of the frequency bands.
  • the duplexer has a common port, a downlink frequency port, and an uplink frequency port.
  • the common port of the duplexer 330 is connected to the matching network 350.
  • the downlink frequency port is connected to the input ends of the downlink amplification links 331 and 332, and the uplink frequency port is connected to the output ends of the uplink amplification links 334 and 333.
  • the downlink amplification links 331 and 332 and the uplink amplification links 334 and 333 include circuits such as multi-stage low-noise amplifiers, filters, attenuators, detectors, and power amplifiers.
  • the 340 is a duplexer in another frequency band contained in the multi-frequency antenna 303.
  • the duplexer has a common port, a downlink frequency port, and an uplink frequency port; the common port of the duplexer 340 joins the road matching network 350, and the downlink
  • the frequency port is connected to the input ends of the downlink amplification links 341 and 342, and the uplink frequency port is connected to the output ends of the uplink amplification links 344 and 343.
  • Downlink amplification links 341, 342 and uplink amplification links 344, 343 include multi-stage low-noise amplifiers, filters, attenuators, detectors, power amplifiers and other circuits; duplexers 330 and 340, and those that may be combined into one channel The common ends of other duplexers combine the uplink and downlink of these frequency bands to the common end of the matching combining network 350 through the combining matching network 350, and are connected to the multi-frequency antenna 303.
  • the output end and the input end of the uplink amplification link are connected together through a low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network 364, and are connected to the low-frequency end of the high-frequency and low-frequency combiner 363, and the high-frequency end of the high-frequency and low-frequency combiner 363 is connected to high frequency
  • the common end of the multiplexing and splitting network 365 uses high- and low-frequency combiner 363 to combine the uplink input and downlink output of all frequency bands to the common end 364, passes through the DC power separation network 380, and communicates with the indoor
  • the feeder 305 is connected to the indoor antenna 307.
  • the function of the power separation network 380 is to separate the DC power supply voltage between the cable shield and the core wire from the uplink and downlink RF signals in the RF coaxial cable, and supply it to the power unit 381 of the outdoor unit.
  • the two-way radio frequency signal is transmitted between the coaxial cable 309 and the high and low frequency combiner 363 with as little loss as possible.
  • the principle of the indoor feeder 305 is the same as that of the power separation network 380.
  • the role of the feeder 305 is to feed the DC power output from the AC / DC power adapter 306 into the coaxial cable 309 to the outdoor unit.
  • the cable 309 and the indoor antenna 307 There is minimal attenuation between the RF signals.
  • the uplink and downlink amplification links of these frequency bands can be combined into an outdoor multi-frequency antenna 303, and a high-gain Directing the directional antenna to the direction of the base station to which these frequency bands belong can significantly improve the communication distance and communication quality.
  • the number of frequency bands is large and the installation conditions cannot meet one antenna per frequency band
  • several frequency bands with similar frequencies can be combined to reduce the number of antennas and facilitate installation. Because the frequency bands with similar frequencies are combined, the relative bandwidth of each antenna will be smaller than the relative bandwidth of the full-band antenna, which reduces the difficulty of antenna design, and the antenna performance indicators can be better.
  • Band12 and Band13 are close in frequency, and the downlink frequency ranges are 728MHz ⁇ 746MHz and 746MHz ⁇ 757MHz, respectively.
  • the common practice is to use the downlink frequency bands of these two bands as a frequency band to amplify, so Band12 and Band13 usually use the same antenna.
  • the downlink frequency bands of Band12 and Band13 need to be amplified with different amplification chains, but the downlink frequency bands of Band12 and Band13 without the transition band must be separated from the same antenna port, and the existing filter is branched.
  • Technology cannot achieve low loss and sufficient in-band flatness; therefore, use separate antennas for Band12 and Band13, which can be separate antennas for Band12 and Band13, or other frequency bands except Band12 and Band13.
  • the combined antenna because there are sufficient transition bands between Band12, Band13 and other frequency bands, can use the existing filter combining and splitting technology to achieve low loss and low in-band fluctuation combining and splitting.
  • this embodiment discloses a signal amplifier of a multi-antenna system, including:
  • Outdoor device for communicating with the base station
  • the outdoor device includes a plurality of outdoor antennas, a first two-way signal amplification link, and a first combining and splitting network.
  • One end of the first two-way signal amplification link is coupled to the outdoor antenna, and the other end of the first two-way signal amplification link. It is coupled to the first coupling and splitting network.
  • the indoor device includes an indoor antenna and a feeder. One end of the feeder is coupled to the indoor antenna. The other end of the feeder is coupled to the first coupling and splitting network.
  • the first two-way signal amplification link includes a plurality of uplink amplification links and downlink amplification links for processing separate frequency bands.
  • the first multiplexing and dividing network includes a high-frequency multiplexing and dividing network, a low-frequency multiplexing and dividing network, and High and low frequency combiner, one end of the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link is coupled to the outdoor antenna through a first duplexer, and the other end of the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link is connected to a high frequency multiplexing splitter network or
  • the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network is coupled, and the high-frequency multiplexing and splitting network and the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network are coupled to the indoor device through a high-frequency and low-frequency combiner.
  • the outdoor antenna includes multiple multi-frequency antennas for receiving or transmitting multi-band signals, and multiple output terminals of uplink amplification links and input terminals of downlink amplification links that process separate frequency bands are combined by a matching combining network. Connect a multi-band antenna containing these separate bands.
  • the multi-band signal received or sent by the multi-frequency antenna is adapted to the frequency band signals of multiple base stations in the same direction range that the multi-frequency antenna faces.
  • the multi-band signal received or sent by the multi-frequency antenna is adapted to the signal of the frequency band with the minimum loss of the combined network after combining.
  • the shunt network replaces the complex multiport shunt network.
  • the advantage is that it can reduce the insertion loss caused by the shunt network. It can be reduced from the original 4 ⁇ 10dB to 1 ⁇ 3dB.
  • the long cable insertion loss can be reduced to 5 Improvement of ⁇ 12dB; meanwhile, the improvement of flatness in the band is also considerable.
  • the outdoor device includes a power supply unit and a power separation network
  • the indoor device includes a DC power supply.
  • the feeder and the power separation network are connected by a radio frequency coaxial cable.
  • the positive and negative poles of the DC power supply are fed into the core of the radio frequency coaxial cable through the feeder.
  • the power supply separation network is processed by RF coaxial cable and then supplied to the power supply unit.
  • the two-way signal amplification links of the signal amplifier are all set in the outdoor device. An amplification link that connects the indoor antenna or the rest of the room still needs one. Long RF coaxial cable, the loss of RF coaxial cable will not affect the downlink noise figure and uplink output power.
  • the outdoor antenna includes an omnidirectional antenna and / or a directional antenna.
  • the original full-band broadband antenna is replaced with a narrow-band antenna corresponding to each frequency band, which reduces the difficulty of designing the antenna because it is only for a relatively narrow frequency band.
  • the various indicators are easier to achieve better than full-band antenna.
  • the outdoor device includes a casing, and a plurality of outdoor antennas are arranged in the casing.
  • the distance between any two outdoor antennas is greater than 50 millimeters. There needs to be sufficient distance between each antenna to reduce the mutual coupling between the antennas, thereby ensuring that Lower loss transmission of bidirectional signals.
  • the two-way signal amplification links of the signal amplifier are all installed in the outdoor device.
  • each outdoor antenna is used in multiple frequency bands (the number of frequency bands is greater than or equal to 2), and the frequency bands can be arbitrarily combined.
  • the basic principle is: the frequency bands that can determine the direction of the base station can be combined into a multi-frequency antenna; the frequency bands that cannot determine the direction of the base station and the minimum loss of the combined network are combined to form a multi-frequency antenna; the technical solution of this embodiment can It is suitable for outdoor installations where only a small number of antennas (2 ⁇ 3) can be installed.
  • this embodiment discloses a signal amplifier of a multi-antenna system, including:
  • the outdoor device 500 is configured to communicate with a base station
  • the outdoor device 500 includes a plurality of outdoor antennas, a first two-way signal amplification link, and a first combining and splitting network. One end of the first two-way signal amplification link is coupled to the outdoor antenna. One end is coupled to the first switching network.
  • the indoor device includes an indoor antenna 507 and a feeder 561. One end of the feeder 561 is coupled to the indoor antenna 507. The other end of the feeder 561 is coupled to the first switching network.
  • the first two-way signal amplification link includes a plurality of uplink amplification links and downlink amplification links for processing separate frequency bands.
  • the first multiplexing and dividing network includes a high-frequency multiplexing and dividing network, a low-frequency multiplexing and dividing network, and High and low frequency combiner, one end of the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link is coupled to the outdoor antenna through a first duplexer, and the other end of the uplink amplification link and the downlink amplification link is connected to a high frequency multiplexing splitter network or
  • the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network is coupled, and the high-frequency multiplexing and splitting network and the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network are coupled to the indoor device through a high-frequency and low-frequency combiner.
  • the shunt network replaces the complex multi-port shunt network.
  • the advantage is that it can reduce the insertion loss caused by the shunt network, which can be reduced from the original 4 ⁇ 10dB to 1 ⁇ 3dB.
  • the long-cable insertion loss can be removed.
  • the improvement of 5 ⁇ 12dB; meanwhile, the improvement of flatness in the band is also considerable.
  • the outdoor antenna includes multiple single-frequency antennas for receiving or transmitting signals in separate frequency bands.
  • the output end of the uplink amplification link and the input end of the downlink amplification link of each separate frequency band are connected through a first duplexer.
  • the indoor device includes a second multiplexing and splitting network and a second two-way signal amplification link. Both ends of the second multiplexing and splitting network are coupled to the feeder 561 and the second two-way signal amplification link, respectively.
  • the outdoor device 500 includes a power supply unit and a power separation network.
  • the indoor device includes a DC power supply.
  • the feeder 561 is connected to the power separation network through a radio frequency coaxial cable.
  • the positive and negative poles of the DC power supply are fed into the radio frequency coaxial cable through the feeder 561.
  • the core wire and shielding layer are supplied to the power supply unit after being processed by the RF coaxial cable to the power separation network.
  • the outdoor antenna is only part of the amplification link, and the indoor is also part of the amplification link.
  • the RF coaxial cable is located at Amplify the middle of the link, then you only need to add a few dB of gain to compensate the attenuation of the RF coaxial cable, and it will not affect the two-way noise figure and output power; RF coaxial cables can use thinner cables at lower cost.
  • the cable is beautiful and easy to install, further reducing costs.
  • the outdoor antenna includes an omnidirectional antenna and / or a directional antenna.
  • the original full-band broadband antenna is replaced with a narrow-band antenna corresponding to each frequency band, which reduces the difficulty of designing the antenna because it is only for a relatively narrow frequency band.
  • the various indicators are easier to achieve better than broadband antennas.
  • the outdoor device 500 includes a casing, and a plurality of outdoor antennas are arranged in the casing.
  • the distance between any two outdoor antennas is greater than 50 mm. A sufficient distance between the antennas is needed to reduce the mutual coupling between the antennas. Ensure better lower loss transmission of bidirectional signals.
  • a part of the two-way signal amplification link of the signal amplifier is installed in the outdoor device 500, and is installed with multiple outdoor antennas of the outdoor device 500, and the other part of the two-way signal amplification link 599 of the signal amplifier is installed indoors.
  • an RF coaxial cable 509 is connected to the indoor and outdoor amplification links.
  • two multi-port multiplexing and splitting networks need to be added at both ends of the cable.
  • the uplink and downlink amplifier links 513 and 511 in the outdoor part include the final power amplifier and downlink low noise amplifier in the uplink
  • the uplink amplifier link 514 in the indoor part includes the uplink low noise amplifier, gain module, filter, Attenuators, detectors and other circuits
  • the downlink amplification link 512 in the indoor part contains circuits such as gain modules, filters, attenuators, and final power amplifier detectors.
  • the indoor downlink 512 output and indoor uplink input are combined with the uplink input and downlink output of other low-frequency bands in the low-frequency multiplexing and splitting network 591, and then sent to the high- and low-frequency combiner.
  • the low-frequency end of the combiner 590, the high-frequency end of the high- and low-frequency combiner 590 is connected to the common end of the high-frequency multiplexing and splitting network 592, and the public end of the high- and low-frequency combiner 590 is connected to the indoor antenna 507507.
  • the indoor AC / DC power adapter 506 powers the power supply unit 562 of the indoor active part, and at the same time feeds power to the RF coaxial cable 509 through the feeder 561, providing power for the active circuit of the outdoor unit, and the power supply of the outdoor unit is separated from the network 505 separates the DC power from the radio frequency channel and sends it to the outdoor power module 508 to provide power for outdoor active circuits.

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Abstract

本实用新型公开一种多天线系统的信号放大器，包括：室外装置，用于与基站进行通讯；室内装置，用于与客户端进行通讯；其中，所述室外装置包括多个室外天线、第一双向信号放大链路和第一合分路网络，所述第一双向信号放大链路的一端与所述室外天线耦接，所述第一双向信号放大链路的另一端与所述第一合分路网络耦接，所述室内装置包括室内天线和馈电器，所述馈电器的一端与所述室内天线耦接，所述馈电器的另一端与所述第一合分路网络耦接，可大幅度改善下行放大链路的噪声系数，有效的提高对基站信号的接收灵敏度，能够省掉设备的散热结构、缩小设备外壳和采用更小功率的电源适配器，大幅度降低了信号放大器的成本。

Description

一种多天线系统的信号放大器 技术领域
本实用新型涉及移动通讯领域，更具体的说，涉及一种多天线系统的信号放大器。
 背景技术
手机信号放大器(专业名：直放站)由天线、射频双工器、低噪声放大器、检波器、电调衰减器、滤波器、功率放大器、CPU等元器件或模块组成上、下行放大链路。其工作的基本原理是：用前向天线（施主天线）将基站的下行信号接收进直放机，通过低噪放大器将有用信号放大，抑制信号中的噪声信号，提高信噪比（S/N）；CPU根据检波器检测到的信号强度控制电调衰减器的衰减量，使信号强度达到适合的电平，经功率放大器放大，由后向天线（重发天线）发射到移动台；同时利用后向天线接收移动台上行信号，沿相反的路径由上行放大链路处理：即经过低噪放大器、电调衰减器、滤波器、功率放大器再发射到基站，从而达到基站与移动台的双向通信；
现有技术中的信号放大器，全频段天线会牺牲一部分频段的某些指标来满足宽带的要求，而且需要合路的端口数量比较多，复杂的多工合分路网络通常由多级合路和分路组成，但是损耗是每级叠加的，大大增加了下行噪声系数和上行输出功率损耗。
 技术问题
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是提供一种有效改善损耗的多天线系统的信号放大器。
 技术解决方案
本实用新型的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种多天线系统的信号放大器，包括：
室外装置，用于与基站进行通讯；
室内装置，用于与客户端进行通讯；
其中，所述室外装置包括多个室外天线、第一双向信号放大链路和第一合分路网络，所述第一双向信号放大链路的一端与所述室外天线耦接，所述第一双向信号放大链路的另一端与所述第一合分路网络耦接，所述室内装置包括室内天线和馈电器，所述馈电器的一端与所述室内天线耦接，所述馈电器的另一端与所述第一合分路网络耦接。
其中，所述第一双向信号放大链路包括多个用于处理单独频段的上行放大链路和下行放大链路，所述第一合分路网络包括高频多工合分路网络、低频多工合分路网络和高低频合路器，所述上行放大链路和所述下行放大链路的一端通过第一双工器与所述室外天线耦接，所述上行放大链路和所述下行放大链路的另一端与高频多工合分路网络或低频多工合分路网络耦接，所述高频多工合分路网络和低频多工合分路网络通过所述高低频合路器与所述室内装置耦接。
其中，所述室外天线包括多个用于接受或发送单独频段信号的单频天线，每个单独频段的所述上行放大链路的输出端与所述下行放大链路的输入端通过第一双工器合路后连接一个对应单独频段的所述单频天线。
可选的，所述室外天线包括多个用于接受或发送多频段信号的多频天线，多个处理单独频段的所述上行放大链路的输出端与所述下行放大链路的输入端通过匹配合路网络进行合路后连接一个包含这些单独频段的所述多频天线。
可选的，所述多频天线接受或发送的多频段信号与所述多频天线朝向的同一方向范围的多个基站的频段信号相适配。
可选的，所述多频天线接受或发送的多频段信号与组合后合路网络损耗最小的频段信号相适配。
可选的，所述室内装置包括第二合分路网络和第二双向信号放大链路，所述第二合分路网络的两端分别于所述馈电器和所述第二双向信号放大链路耦接。
可选的，所述室外装置包括电源单元和电源分离网络，所述室内装置包括直流电源，所述馈电器与所述电源分离网络通过射频同轴电缆连接，所述直流电源的正负两极通过所述馈电器分别馈入所述射频同轴电缆的芯线和屏蔽层，通过所述射频同轴电缆给所述电源分离网络处理后供给到所述电源单元。
可选的，所述室外天线包括全向天线和/或定向天线。
可选的，所述室外装置包括壳体，多个所述室外天线设在所述壳体内，任意两个所述室外天线之间距离大于50毫米。
 有益效果
本实用新型由于优化室外天线和放大链路之间的长电缆插损和多工合分路网络的插损，可大幅度改善下行放大链路的噪声系数，有效的提高对基站信号的接收灵敏度；在上行放大链路输出功率不变的情况下，被放大的用户终端信号的传输距离相对现有技术提升2至4倍；而且在保证原来的上行传送距离时，上行链路的末级放大器可以用更小功率容量的放大器，功耗降低甚至可达到一个数量级，不仅仅使得半导体放大器件的采购价格可以降低，还能够省掉设备的散热结构、缩小设备外壳和采用更小功率的电源适配器，大幅度降低了信号放大器的成本。
 附图说明
图1是本实用新型未公开的信号放大器的结构示意图；
图2是本实用新型实施例一的信号放大器的结构示意图；
图3是本实用新型实施例二的信号放大器的结构示意图；
图4是本实用新型实施例三的信号放大器的结构示意图；
图5是本实用新型实施例四的信号放大器的结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
在本实用新型的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本实用新型和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
在本实用新型的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。另外，术语“包括”及其任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本实用新型的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。
下面结合附图和较佳的实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明。
如图1所示，发明人设计了一款未公开的信号放大器，放大设备的主机103设置在室内，便于操作和用室内AC/DC电源106为其供电，室外天线101为共用一个全频段天线，再通过一条较长的低损耗射频同轴电缆102与室内设备连接；从室外天线来的电缆与室内设备连接后，需要用复杂的多工合分路网络160将各频段的上下行频率信号全部分开，再分别连接到对应的上行放大链路如114、113等的输出端和下行放大链路如111、112等的输入端；
室内放大设备的多条下行放大链路如111、112等分别将下行信号放大后，再通过复杂的多工合分路网络170合并到一个端口，通过室内天线104发送到用户的移动终端；这个端口上同时会有室内天线104接收到的用户的各种移动设备发送出的各频段的上行信号，这些上行信号也要通过这个多工合分路网络170送到各自对应频段的上行放大链路如114、113等的输入端，分别放大后再通过与室外低损耗电缆102相连的多工合分路网络160与下行输入信号合并到同一个端口，通过低损耗同轴电缆102送到室外的全频段天线101；室内放大设备通常需要通过一个单独的电源接口107，由外部的AC-DC电源106为其供电；
发明人进一步研究发现，放大器主机103放置于室内，与室外天线通过一根较长的低损耗射频同轴电缆102连接，考虑到用户能够接受的成本，消费类信号放大器通常选用的连接室内主机和室外天线的电缆为与RG6性能接近的各种同轴电缆，10米RG6的插入损耗为2~5dB，使得本来就很微弱的下行信号被大幅度衰减，也就是增加了下行放大链路的噪声系数2~5dB，使用户无法接收到较远距离的基站的下行信号；并且，该电缆的损耗也会衰减上行信号的幅度，为了满足室外全频段天线端口处的上行信号的强度要求，所有上行放大链路的末级放大器都需要采用更大功率的功率放大器，以弥补长电缆的损耗；结果造成成本上升和发热严重；如果受安装环境限制需要更长的同轴电缆，为了不再增加电缆的插入损耗，就要换成更低损耗的同轴电缆，而更低损耗同轴电缆的直径更大、价格更昂贵，安装也会更麻烦；
其次，随着移动通信技术的飞速发展，所占用的频段越来越多，2G、3G、4G等各种通讯制式同时并存，为了最大限度满足用户的使用需求，手机信号放大器就需要同时具有当地移动通信运营商的所有频段的多个放大链路；本技术方案将信号放大器放置于室内，与室外天线距离较远，为了把多个放大链路与室外天线连接，最直接的办法是采用多条长电缆分别连接多个室外天线和室内的多个放大链路，但这样做不论从成本还是安装的便利度来说都是不可接受的；因此需要用多端口多工合分路网络160把全部下行放大链路的输入和全部上行放大链路的输出合并到一个端口，再通过一条低损耗射频同轴电缆102连接到室外的宽带天线；这样做是为了节省成本和方便安装，但带来的缺点却非常多：因需要合并的频段多，且每个频段又分为上下行，因此需要合路和分路的端口数量通常在10个左右，频率范围从低频到高频变化超过3倍，且需要合路和分路的每个端口之间要求互相隔离，如此复杂的多工合分路网络通常需要3级合路和分路才能实现，而多级合路和分路的插入损耗是每级叠加的，一般会在4~10dB，相当于下行放大链路的噪声系数增加了4~10dB；相应地，上行放大链路的功率放大器输出功率经过多工合分路网络后也会减小4~10dB，为了在室外全频段天线端口达到需要的功率，每一条上行放大链路的末级功放就需要增加4~10dB的输出，这会进一步引起放大器功耗加大、发热剧增，上行信号的质量下降；选用更大功率的放大器、更大功率的电源适配器和为散热额外增加的结构设计也使得成本急剧上升；且目前构成多工合分路网络的元器件是价格低廉的声表双工器，当上行功率放大器的输出功率增加到30dBm时，已经达到声表双工器的功率容量的上限，为了克服更多频段的更大合路损耗，要进一步增加上行功率放大器的输出功率，多工合分路网络需要采用成本高1~2数量级的陶瓷介质双工器或腔体双工器；
其次，全频段天线的最低频率与最高频率相比相差3倍到4倍以上，要在如此宽的频率范围内全部满足方向性，增益，输入阻抗，驻波比，极化方向等指标是比较困难的，会牺牲一部分频段的某些指标来满足宽带的要求；同时，为了顾及消费类天线产品的成本、运输和安装条件，通常天线尺寸会比较小，以节省原材料成本和方便非专业的消费者进行安装，但这却是以牺牲天线的辐射效率为代价的；
再次，全频段信号放大器产品为了弥补电缆和多工合分路网络的损耗，需要采用高增益的定向天线作为室外天线，高增益天线的增益可弥补一部分长电缆和多端口合路网络的损耗，但越高的增益意味着天线具有越窄的可用方向，当用户周围的基站不是都在用户同一方向时，唯一的室外定向天线只能指向其中一个基站的方向，定向天线对其它方向基站的信号增益会非常低，造成用户与其他方向基站的通讯效果差或完全无法进行通信，虽然安装的信号增强器是全频段的，但实际只有部分频段可以正常使用；
鉴于上述发明人设计的未公开的信号放大器的传输损耗大、生产成本高、发热量大、安装困难等一系列的问题，发明人进行了优化和改进，下面结合附图1至附图4和实施例一至四对本实用新型作进一步说明。
 
实施例一
如图2所示，本实施例公开了一种多天线系统的信号放大器，包括：
室外装置200，用于与基站进行通讯；
室内装置，用于与客户端进行通讯；
其中，室外装置200包括多个室外天线、第一双向信号放大链路和第一合分路网络，第一双向信号放大链路的一端与室外天线耦接，第一双向信号放大链路的另一端与第一合分路网络耦接，室内装置包括室内天线207和馈电器205，馈电器205的一端与室内天线207耦接，馈电器205的另一端与第一合分路网络耦接。
通过优化室外天线和放大链路之间的长电缆插损和多工合分路网络的插损，可大幅度改善下行放大链路的噪声系数，有效的提高对基站信号的接收灵敏度；在上行放大链路输出功率不变的情况下，被放大的用户终端信号的传输距离相对现有技术提升2至4倍；而且在保证原来的上行传送距离时，上行链路的末级放大器可以用更小功率容量的放大器，功耗降低甚至可达到一个数量级，不仅仅使得半导体放大器件的采购价格可以降低，还能够省掉设备的散热结构、缩小设备外壳和采用更小功率的电源适配器，大幅度降低了信号放大器的成本。
其中，第一双向信号放大链路包括多个用于处理单独频段的上行放大链路和下行放大链路，第一合分路网络包括高频多工合分路网络、低频多工合分路网络和高低频合路器，上行放大链路和下行放大链路的一端通过第一双工器与室外天线耦接，上行放大链路和下行放大链路的另一端与高频多工合分路网络或低频多工合分路网络耦接，高频多工合分路网络和低频多工合分路网络通过高低频合路器与室内装置耦接。
其中，室外天线包括多个用于接受或发送单独频段信号的单频天线，每个单独频段的上行放大链路的输出端与下行放大链路的输入端通过第一双工器合路后连接一个对应单独频段的单频天线，大幅度简化连接室外天线端的多工合分路网络，用简单的双工器或端口数较少的多端口合分路网络代替复杂的多端口多工合分路网络，好处是能够减少合分路网络带来的插损，可由原来的4~10dB减少到1~3dB，加上去掉长电缆的插损，可以有5~12dB的改善；同时对带内平坦度的改善也是非常可观的。
其中，室外装置200包括电源单元和电源分离网络，室内装置包括直流电源，馈电器205与电源分离网络通过射频同轴电缆连接，直流电源的正负两极通过馈电器205分别馈入射频同轴电缆的芯线和屏蔽层，通过射频同轴电缆给电源分离网络处理后供给到电源单元，将信号放大器的双向信号放大链路全部设置在室外装置200内，连接室内天线207或室内剩余部分的放大链路仍需要一条较长的射频同轴电缆，射频同轴电缆的损耗不会影响下行噪声系数和上行输出功率，虽然能够影响上行噪声系数和下行输出功率，但是由于使用信号放大器的用户离室内天线207的距离非常近，一般在几十米范围内，增加的上行噪声系数和被衰减的下行信号不会影响用户的使用；而且利用传输信号的射频同轴电缆为室外单元供电，省掉了专门为室外单元安装的电源线，使得安装更简便，外观更美观；同时在不影响系统性能指标情况下，连接室内外的长电缆可以用更细的电缆，美观且便于安装，进一步降低了成本。
其中，室外天线包括全向天线和/或定向天线，将原来的一个全频段宽带天线换成对应每一个频段的窄带天线，减小天线的设计难度，因仅针对一个相对较窄的频段，天线的各项指标都比较容易做到比全频段天线更优。
其中，室外装置200包括壳体，多个室外天线设在壳体内，任意两个室外天线之间距离大于50毫米，各天线之间需要有足够的距离，以减少天线之间相互的耦合，从而保证双向信号的更低损耗的传输。
具体的，将信号放大器的双向信号放大链路全部设置在室外装置200内，每个频段的上下行放大链路单独与的对应室外天线分别连接，该实施例的技术方案能够更好的适应为用户的无线设备提供服务的运营商基站处于用户的任意方向的情况。
单频天线201是包含了第一个频段的全向或定向天线，210是第一个频段的双工器，双工器有一个公共端口、一个下行频率端口和一个上行频率端口。双工器210的公共端口接单频天线201，下行频率端口接下行放大链路211、212的输入端，上行频率端口接上行放大链路214、213的输出端。下行放大链路211、212和上行放大链路214、213包含了多级的低噪声放大器、滤波器、衰减器、检波器、功率放大器等电路。
单频天线202是包含了第二个频段的全向或定向天线，220是第二个频段的双工器，双工器有一个公共端口、一个下行频率端口和一个上行频率端口，双工器220的公共端口接单频天线202，下行频率端口接下行放大链路221、222的输入端，上行频率端口接上行放大链路224、223的输出端。下行放大链路221、222和上行放大链路224、223包含了多级的低噪声放大器、滤波器、衰减器、检波器、功率放大器等电路。
单频天线203是包含了第N个频段的全向或定向天线，230是第N个频段的双工器，双工器有一个公共端口、一个下行频率端口和一个上行频率端口。双工器230的公共端口接单频天线203，下行频率端口接下行放大链路231、232的输入端，上行频率端口接上行放大链路234、233的输出端。下行放大链路231、232和上行放大链路234、233包含了多级的低噪声放大器、滤波器、衰减器、检波器、功率放大器等电路。
第一频段的下行放大链路的输出端和上行放大链路的输入端、第二频段的下行放大链路的输出端和上行放大链路的输入端，以及其它低频段的下行放大链路的输出端和上行放大链路的输入端分别接入低频多工合分路网络264合路在一起，连接到高低频合路器263的低频端，高低频合路器263的高频端连接高频多工合分路网络265合路后的公共端，用高低频合路器263将所有频段的上行输入和下行输出都连接到公共端264，经过DC电源分离网络280，通过射频同轴电缆209与室内的馈电器205和室内天线207相连。
电源分离网络280的作用是将电缆屏蔽层和芯线之间的直流供电电压与射频同轴电缆中的上下行射频信号分离，供给室外单元的电源单元281，稳压后提供给各个有源电路，同时让双向的射频信号以尽可能小的损耗在射频同轴电缆209和高低频合路器263之间传输。
室内的馈电器205的原理与电源分离网络280一样，馈电器205的作用是将AC/DC电源适配器206输出的直流电源馈入到同轴电缆209中供给室外单元，对射频同轴电缆209和室内天线207之间的射频信号具有最小的衰减。
在该实施例中，由于单频天线201、202、203是仅包含对应的单一频段的室外天线，如果采用定向天线，不管运营商的基站处于用户的哪一个方向，都可以将每个频段的室外天线对准运营商服务所在的基站方向，不会出现一个室外天线由几个频段共用时无法兼顾几个方向的情况，使得高增益的定向的室外天线可进一步提高通讯距离和通讯质量。
可选的，单频天线201、202、203采用全向天线，因每个单频天线仅包含单一频段，相对全频段天线来说，相对带宽很小，可以用结构简单的小体积单频天线达到与全频段全向天线同样的性能指标，这样可以将201、202、203多个单频天线安装于同一个壳体内，外观更简洁，也无需调整各单频天线的方向，适用于用户周围基站方向无法确定的情况。在外壳内，各天线之间需要有足够的距离，以减少天线之间相互的耦合，外壳的大小应满足在壳体内任意两个天线之间最小距离不小于50～100mm；
可选的，室外装置200的其他单元部件可与室外天线同在一个壳体内，也可以是一个独立壳体，放置在天线壳体附近；各频段的单频天线与各自对应的上下行放大链可直接连接，也可以用短电缆连接。
 
实施例二
如图3所示，本实施例公开了一种多天线系统的信号放大器，包括：
室外装置，用于与基站进行通讯；
室内装置300，用于与客户端进行通讯；
其中，室外装置包括多个室外天线、第一双向信号放大链路和第一合分路网络，第一双向信号放大链路的一端与室外天线耦接，第一双向信号放大链路的另一端与第一合分路网络耦接，室内装置300包括室内天线307和馈电器305，馈电器305的一端与室内天线307耦接，馈电器305的另一端第一合分路网络耦接。
通过优化室外天线和放大链路之间的长电缆插损和多工合分路网络的插损，可大幅度改善下行放大链路的噪声系数，有效的提高对基站信号的接收灵敏度；在上行放大链路输出功率不变的情况下，被放大的用户终端信号的传输距离相对现有技术提升的2至4倍；而且在保证原来的上行传送距离时，上行链路的末级放大器可以用更小功率容量的放大器，功耗降低甚至可达到一个数量级，不仅仅使得半导体放大器件的采购价格可以降低，还能够省掉设备的散热结构、缩小设备外壳和采用更小功率的电源适配器，大幅度降低了信号放大器的成本。
其中，第一双向信号放大链路包括多个用于处理单独频段的上行放大链路和下行放大链路，第一合分路网络包括高频多工合分路网络、低频多工合分路网络和高低频合路器，上行放大链路和下行放大链路的一端通过第一双工器与室外天线耦接，上行放大链路和下行放大链路的另一端与高频多工合分路网络或低频多工合分路网络耦接，高频多工合分路网络和低频多工合分路网络通过高低频合路器与室内装置300耦接。
其中，室外天线包括多个用于接受或发送单独频段信号的单频天线，每个单独频段的上行放大链路的输出端与下行放大链路的输入端通过第一双工器合路后连接一个对应单独频段的单频天线。
其中，室外天线还包括多个用于接受或发送多频段信号的多频天线，多个处理单独频段的上行放大链路的输出端与下行放大链路的输入端通过匹配合路网络进行合路后连接一个包含这些单独频段的多频天线。
通过合理的优化室外天线的频段数，大幅度简化连接室外天线端的多工合分路网络，用简单的双工器或端口数较少的多端口合分路网络代替复杂的多端口合分路网络，好处是能够减少合分路网络带来的插损，可由原来的4~10dB减少到1~3dB，加上去掉长电缆的插损，可以有5~12dB的改善；同时对带内平坦度的改善也是非常可观的。
其中，室外装置包括电源单元和电源分离网络，室内装置300包括直流电源，馈电器305与电源分离网络通过射频同轴电缆连接，直流电源的正负两极通过馈电器305分别馈入射频同轴电缆的芯线和屏蔽层，通过射频同轴电缆给电源分离网络处理后供给到电源单元，将信号放大器的双向信号放大链路全部设置在室外装置内，连接室内天线307或室内剩余部分的放大链路仍需要一条较长的射频同轴电缆，射频同轴电缆的损耗不会影响下行噪声系数和上行输出功率，虽然能够影响上行噪声系数和下行输出功率，但是由于使用信号放大器的用户离室内天线307的距离非常近，一般在几十米范围内，增加的上行噪声系数和被衰减的下行信号不会影响用户的使用；而且利用传输信号的射频同轴电缆为室外单元供电，省掉了专门为室外单元安装的电源线，使得安装更简便，外观更美观；同时在不影响系统性能指标情况下，连接室内外的长电缆可以用更细的电缆，美观且便于安装，进一步降低了成本。
其中，室外天线包括全向天线和/或定向天线，将原来的一个全频段宽带天线换成对应每一个频段的窄带天线，减小天线的设计难度，因仅针对一个相对较窄的频段，天线的各项指标都比较容易做到比全频段天线更优。
其中，室外装置包括壳体，多个室外天线设在壳体内，任意两个室外天线之间距离大于50毫米，各天线之间需要有足够的距离，以减少天线之间相互的耦合，从而保证双向信号更低损耗的传输。
具体的，将信号放大器的双向信号放大链路全部设置在室外装置内，一些频段的上下行放大链路单独与室外的对应天线分别连接，另一些频段的上下行放大链路通过简单的多工合分路网络合路连接到一个包含这几个频段的室外天线，该实施例的技术方案能够适应已知某几个频段的服务基站处于同一个方向的情况；或频段数较多时，安装条件无法满足每个频段单独一个天线的情况。
单频天线301是包含了第一个频段的全向或定向天线，310是第一个频段的双工器，双工器有一个公共端口、一个下行频率端口和一个上行频率端口。双工器310的公共端口接单频天线301，下行频率端口接下行放大链路311、312的输入端，上行频率端口接上行放大链路314、313的输出端。下行放大链路311、312和上行放大链路314、313包含了多级的低噪声放大器、滤波器、衰减器、检波器、功率放大器等电路。
单频天线302是包含了第二个频段的全向或定向天线，320是第二个频段的双工器，双工器有一个公共端口、一个下行频率端口和一个上行频率端口。双工器320的公共端口接单频天线302，下行频率端口接下行放大链路321、322的输入端，上行频率端口接上行放大链路324、323的输出端。下行放大链路321、322和上行放大链路324、323包含了多级的低噪声放大器、滤波器、衰减器、检波器、功率放大器等电路。
多频天线303是包含了多个频段的全向或定向天线，330是其中一个频段的双工器，双工器有一个公共端口、一个下行频率端口和一个上行频率端口。双工器330的公共端口接合路匹配网络350，下行频率端口接下行放大链路331、332的输入端，上行频率端口接上行放大链路334、333的输出端。下行放大链路331、332和上行放大链路334、333包含了多级的低噪声放大器、滤波器、衰减器、检波器、功率放大器等电路。340是多频天线303所包含频段内另一个频段的双工器，双工器有一个公共端口、一个下行频率端口和一个上行频率端口；双工器340的公共端口接合路匹配网络350，下行频率端口接下行放大链路341、342的输入端，上行频率端口接上行放大链路344、343的输出端。下行放大链路341、342和上行放大链路344、343包含了多级的低噪声放大器、滤波器、衰减器、检波器、功率放大器等电路；双工器330和340以及可能合并成一路的其它双工器的公共端，通过合路匹配网络350将这些频段的上下行合路到匹配合路网络350的公共端，并与多频天线303连接。
第一频段的下行放大链路的输出端和上行放大链路的输入端、第二频段的下行放大链路的输出端和上行放大链路的输入端，以及其它低频段的下行放大链路的输出端和上行放大链路的输入端通过低频多工合分路网络364合路在一起，连接到高低频合路器363的低频端，高低频合路器363的高频端连接的是高频多工合分路网络365的公共端，用高低频合路器363将所有频段的上行输入和下行输出都合路到公共端364，经过DC电源分离网络380，通过低损耗同轴电缆309与室内的馈电器305和室内天线307相连。
电源分离网络380的作用是将电缆屏蔽层和芯线之间的直流供电电压与射频同轴电缆中的上下行射频信号分离，供给室外单元的电源单元381，稳压后提供给各个有源电路，同时让双向的射频信号以尽可能小的损耗在同轴电缆309和高低频合路器363之间传输。
室内的馈电器305的原理与电源分离网络380一样，馈电器305的作用是将AC/DC电源适配器306输出的直流电源馈入到同轴电缆309中供给室外单元，对电缆309和室内天线307之间的射频信号具有最小的衰减。
如果已知用户周围的基站信号某几个频段（频段数大于等于2）是来自同一个方向，可以将这几个频段的上下行放大链路合并到一个室外多频天线303，采用高增益的定向天线对准这几个频段所属基站的方向，可明显提高通讯距离和通讯质量。
当频段数量较多，安装条件无法满足每个频段一个天线时，可以将频率相近的几个频段（频段数大于等于2）合并，以减少天线数量，方便安装。因合并的是频率相近的频段，每个天线的相对带宽都会小于全频段天线的相对带宽，降低了天线设计的难度，天线性能指标可以做到更好。
当频段数量较多，安装条件无法满足每个频段一个天线，也可以按照合并频段时合路损耗最小的原则，选择将几个频段合并在一起。例如频率接近的Band12和Band13，下行频率范围分别为728MHz~746MHz和746MHz~757MHz，通常做法是将这两个频段的下行频段当作一个频段来进行放大，因此Band12和Band13通常会使用同一个天线，但如果用户使用的其中一个频段的基站距离用户较远，信号很微弱，而用户不需要的另一个频段的基站就在用户附近，有很强的信号，那么这两个频段使用同一个放大链放大，就会出现无用的强信号使放大链的ALC电路降低放大链的增益避免放大器过载，而用户需要的微弱信号在降低后的增益下得不到足够的放大，使用户无法通信。为了解决这样的问题，就需要将Band12和Band13的下行频段用不同的放大链进行放大，但要从同一个天线端口将没有过渡频带的Band12和Band13的下行频段分开，现有的滤波器分路技术无法做到低损耗和足够的带内平坦度；因此，将Band12和Band13分别用不同的天线，可以是Band12和Band13分别用单独的天线，也可以是和除Band12、Band13之外的其它频段合用天线，因Band12、Band13与其它频段间有足够的过渡频带，可以用现有的滤波器合分路技术实现低损耗、低带内波动的合分路。
 
实施例三
如图4所示，本实施例公开了一种多天线系统的信号放大器，包括：
室外装置，用于与基站进行通讯；
室内装置，用于与客户端进行通讯；
其中，室外装置包括多个室外天线、第一双向信号放大链路和第一合分路网络，第一双向信号放大链路的一端与室外天线耦接，第一双向信号放大链路的另一端与第一合分路网络耦接，室内装置包括室内天线和馈电器，馈电器的一端与室内天线耦接，馈电器的另一端与第一合分路网络耦接。
其中，第一双向信号放大链路包括多个用于处理单独频段的上行放大链路和下行放大链路，第一合分路网络包括高频多工合分路网络、低频多工合分路网络和高低频合路器，上行放大链路和下行放大链路的一端通过第一双工器与室外天线耦接，上行放大链路和下行放大链路的另一端与高频多工合分路网络或低频多工合分路网络耦接，高频多工合分路网络和低频多工合分路网络通过高低频合路器与室内装置耦接。
其中，室外天线包括多个用于接受或发送多频段信号的多频天线，多个处理单独频段的上行放大链路的输出端与下行放大链路的输入端通过匹配合路网络进行合路后连接一个包含这些单独频段的多频天线。
其中，多频天线接受或发送的多频段信号与多频天线朝向的同一方向范围的多个基站的频段信号相适配。
其中，多频天线接受或发送的多频段信号与组合后合路网络损耗最小的频段信号相适配。
通过确定基站方向和将合路网络损耗最小的频段组合来合理优化室外天线的配置，大幅度简化连接室外天线端的多工合分路网络，用简单的双工器或端口数较少的多端口合分路网络代替复杂的多端口合分路网络，好处是能够减少合路网络带来的插损，可由原来的4~10dB减少到1~3dB，加上去掉长电缆的插损，可以有5~12dB的改善；同时对带内平坦度的改善也是非常可观的。
其中，室外装置包括电源单元和电源分离网络，室内装置包括直流电源，馈电器与电源分离网络通过射频同轴电缆连接，直流电源的正负两极通过馈电器分别馈入射频同轴电缆的芯线和屏蔽层，通过射频同轴电缆给电源分离网络处理后供给到电源单元，将信号放大器的双向信号放大链路全部设置在室外装置内，连接室内天线或室内剩余部分的放大链路仍需要一条较长的射频同轴电缆，射频同轴电缆的损耗不会影响下行噪声系数和上行输出功率，虽然能够影响上行噪声系数和下行输出功率，但是由于使用信号放大器的用户离室内天线的距离非常近，一般在几十米范围内，增加的上行噪声系数和被衰减的下行信号不会影响用户的使用；而且利用传输信号的射频同轴电缆为室外单元供电，省掉了专门为室外单元安装的电源线，使得安装更简便，外观更美观；同时在不影响系统性能指标情况下，连接室内外的长电缆可以用更细的电缆，美观且便于安装，进一步降低了成本。
其中，室外天线包括全向天线和/或定向天线，将原来的一个全频段宽带天线换成对应每一个频段的窄带天线，减小天线的设计难度，因仅针对一个相对较窄的频段，天线的各项指标都比较容易做到比全频段天线更优。
其中，室外装置包括壳体，多个室外天线设在壳体内，任意两个室外天线之间距离大于50毫米，各天线之间需要有足够的距离，以减少天线之间相互的耦合，从而保证双向信号更低损耗的传输。
具体的，将信号放大器的双向信号放大链路全部设置在室外装置内，为了进一步减少室外天线的数量，每个室外天线都是多个频段（频段数量大于或等于2）合用，频段可以任意组合，基本原则是：能够确定基站方向一致的频段可以组合到一个多频天线；不能确定基站方向的，合分路网络损耗最小的频段组合到一起形成一个多频天线；该实施例的技术方案能够适用于室外安装条件仅可安装少量天线（2~3个）的场合。
 
实施例四
如图5所示，本实施例公开了一种多天线系统的信号放大器，包括：
室外装置500，用于与基站进行通讯；
室内装置，用于与客户端进行通讯；
其中，室外装置500包括多个室外天线、第一双向信号放大链路和第一合分路网络，第一双向信号放大链路的一端与室外天线耦接，第一双向信号放大链路的另一端与第一合分路网络耦接，室内装置包括室内天线507和馈电器561，馈电器561的一端与室内天线507耦接，馈电器561的另一端与第一合分路网络耦接。
其中，第一双向信号放大链路包括多个用于处理单独频段的上行放大链路和下行放大链路，第一合分路网络包括高频多工合分路网络、低频多工合分路网络和高低频合路器，上行放大链路和下行放大链路的一端通过第一双工器与室外天线耦接，上行放大链路和下行放大链路的另一端与高频多工合分路网络或低频多工合分路网络耦接，高频多工合分路网络和低频多工合分路网络通过高低频合路器与室内装置耦接。
通过确定基站方向和将合路网络损耗最小的频段组合来合理优化室外天线的配置，大幅度简化连接室外天线端的多工合分路网络，用简单的双工器或端口数较少的多端口合分路网络代替复杂的多端口合分路网络，好处是能够减少合分路网络带来的插损，可由原来的4~10dB减少到1~3dB，加上去掉长电缆的插损，可以有5~12dB的改善；同时对带内平坦度的改善也是非常可观的。
其中，室外天线包括多个用于接受或发送单独频段信号的单频天线，每个单独频段的上行放大链路的输出端与下行放大链路的输入端通过第一双工器合路后连接一个对应单独频段的单频天线。
其中，室内装置包括第二合分路网络和第二双向信号放大链路，第二合分路网络的两端分别与馈电器561和第二双向信号放大链路耦接。
其中，室外装置500包括电源单元和电源分离网络，室内装置包括直流电源，馈电器561与电源分离网络通过射频同轴电缆连接，直流电源的正负两极通过馈电器561分别馈入射频同轴电缆的芯线和屏蔽层，通过射频同轴电缆给电源分离网络处理后供给到电源单元，与室外天线在一起的只是放大链路的一部分，室内还有放大链路的一部分，射频同轴电缆位于放大链路的中间，那么只需要增加几dB增益即可补偿射频同轴电缆的衰减，对双向的噪声系数和输出功率都不会有影响；射频同轴电缆可以用更低成本的细电缆，美观且易于安装；而且利用传输信号的射频同轴电缆为室外单元供电，省掉了专门为室外单元安装的电源线，使得安装更简便，外观更美观；连接室内外的长电缆可以用更细的电缆，美观且便于安装，进一步降低了成本。
其中，室外天线包括全向天线和/或定向天线，将原来的一个全频段宽带天线换成对应每一个频段的窄带天线，减小天线的设计难度，因仅针对一个相对较窄的频段，天线的各项指标都比较容易做到比宽带天线更优。
其中，室外装置500包括壳体，多个室外天线设在壳体内，任意两个室外天线之间距离大于50毫米，各天线之间需要有足够的距离，以减少天线之间相互的耦合，从而保证双向信号的更好的更低损耗的传输。
具体的，将信号放大器的一部分的双向信号放大链路设置在室外装置500内，与室外装置500的多个室外天线安装在一起，将信号放大器的另外一部分的双向信号放大链路599设置在室内装置内，连接室内外放大链路的是一条射频同轴电缆509，为了将多路的上行和下行信号通过一条射频同轴电缆509传输，电缆两端需要增加两个多端口的合分路网络560和570，室外部分的上下行放大链路513、511包含上行的末级功率放大器和下行的低噪声放大器，室内部分的上行放大链路514包含上行的低噪声放大器、增益模块、滤波器、衰减器、检波器等电路，室内部分的下行放大链路512包含增益模块、滤波器、衰减器、末级功率放大器检波器等电路。室内下行链路512输出端和室内上行链路输入端与低频段其它频段的上行链路输入端和下行链路输出端在低频多工合分路网络591合为一路后，送到高低频合路器590的低频端，高低频合路器590的高频端连接的是高频段多工合分路网络592的公共端，高低频合路器590的公共端连接室内天线507507。
室内的AC\DC电源适配器506为室内有源部分的电源单元562供电，同时通过馈电器561将电源馈送到射频同轴电缆509，为室外单元的有源电路提供电源，室外单元的电源分离网络505将DC电源从射频通道分离出来后送给室外电源模块508，为室外的有源电路提供电源。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本实用新型所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本实用新型的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本实用新型所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本实用新型的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多天线系统的信号放大器，其特征在于，包括：
    室外装置，用于与基站进行通讯；
    室内装置，用于与客户端进行通讯；
    其中，所述室外装置包括多个室外天线、第一双向信号放大链路和第一合分路网络，所述第一双向信号放大链路的一端与所述室外天线耦接，所述第一双向信号放大链路的另一端与所述第一合分路网络耦接，所述室内装置包括室内天线和馈电器，所述馈电器的一端与所述室内天线耦接，所述馈电器的另一端与所述第一合分路网络耦接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种多天线系统的信号放大器，其特征在于，所述第一双向信号放大链路包括多个用于处理单独频段的上行放大链路和下行放大链路，所述第一合分路网络包括高频多工合分路网络、低频多工合分路网络和高低频合路器，所述上行放大链路和所述下行放大链路的一端通过第一双工器与所述室外天线耦接，所述上行放大链路和所述下行放大链路的另一端与高频多工合分路网络或低频多工合分路网络耦接，所述高频多工合分路网络和低频多工合分路网络通过所述高低频合路器与所述室内装置耦接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种多天线系统的信号放大器，其特征在于，所述室外天线包括多个用于接受或发送单独频段信号的单频天线，每个单独频段的所述上行放大链路的输出端与所述下行放大链路的输入端通过第一双工器合路后连接一个对应单独频段的所述单频天线。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的一种多天线系统的信号放大器，其特征在于，所述室外天线包括多个用于接受或发送多频段信号的多频天线，多个处理单独频段的所述上行放大链路的输出端与所述下行放大链路的输入端通过匹配合路网络进行合路后连接一个包含这些单独频段的所述多频天线。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种多天线系统的信号放大器，其特征在于，所述多频天线接受或发送的多频段信号与所述多频天线朝向的同一方向范围的多个基站的频段信号相适配。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的一种多天线系统的信号放大器，其特征在于，所述多频天线接受或发送的多频段信号与组合后合路网络损耗最小的频段信号相适配。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种多天线系统的信号放大器，其特征在于，所述室内装置包括第二合分路网络和第二双向信号放大链路，所述第二合分路网络的两端分别于所述馈电器和所述第二双向信号放大链路耦接。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种多天线系统的信号放大器，其特征在于，所述室外装置包括电源单元和电源分离网络，所述室内装置包括直流电源，所述馈电器与所述电源分离网络通过射频同轴电缆连接，所述直流电源的正负两极通过所述馈电器分别馈入所述射频同轴电缆的芯线和屏蔽层，通过所述射频同轴电缆给所述电源分离网络处理后供给到所述电源单元。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种多天线系统的信号放大器，其特征在于，所述室外天线包括全向天线和/或定向天线。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的一种多天线系统的信号放大器，其特征在于，所述室外装置包括壳体，多个所述室外天线设在所述壳体内，任意两个所述室外天线之间距离大于50毫米。
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