WO2020026258A1 - Low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection and multiple source - Google Patents

Low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection and multiple source Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020026258A1
WO2020026258A1 PCT/IN2019/000012 IN2019000012W WO2020026258A1 WO 2020026258 A1 WO2020026258 A1 WO 2020026258A1 IN 2019000012 W IN2019000012 W IN 2019000012W WO 2020026258 A1 WO2020026258 A1 WO 2020026258A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
circuit
pole
elcb
mcbs
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2019/000012
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Narayanan Surendran
Surendran Sooraj
Surendran Sreehari
Original Assignee
Narayanan Surendran
Surendran Sooraj
Surendran Sreehari
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Narayanan Surendran, Surendran Sooraj, Surendran Sreehari filed Critical Narayanan Surendran
Publication of WO2020026258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020026258A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
    • H02H3/162—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass for ac systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to power protection system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system and multiple source to minimize electrical fire hazard by eliminating faulty portion independently for the safety of human and property, also which avoids a total blackout in a domestic premise with dedicated protection. Further, the present invention relates to a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system, in which faulty circuit independently trips and isolates for an overload or ground fault of a particular load circuit.
  • Electricity is an inevitable power source in modem human living utilities. Electricity is used at domestic premises for various purposes. Modem homes use far more electrical appliances than ever before, and as a result, much more power is required to be able to run the average home.
  • the utility apparatuses that include but not limited to heaters, washing machines, mixer grinders, refrigerators, electronic devices are wired for human use with approved cable wires, control switches and protection devices as per the form of a standard distribution box/board with approved circuit diagram. All of these domestic and similar commercial electrical utility premises are strictly implemented with approved norms and practices in the installation and use of electricity. Even with the availability of all safety measures, every day at least one electrical fire hazard occurs around the world.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates single phase 240V, 50Hz AC supply system of a domestic Utility consumer according to the prior art.
  • the mains 240V. 50Hz single phase supply (20) is directly connected to an energy meter (1 ) On a meter board (4).
  • the meter board (4) is located at the consumer premise in a place suitable for convenient meter reading by the utility company’s meter reader.
  • the mains phase line from the energy meter is wired to a fuse unit (2) and the neutral wire from the energy meter is wired to the neutral link (3).
  • phase and neutral line of a distribution board (DB) (12) is connected to the 2 pole isolator (5) of the DB (12) from fuse carrier (2) and neutral link (3). From the 2 pole isolator (5) phase and neutral are connected to the 2 pole current operated earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) (7). From the ELCB (7) phase is connected to phase bus bar (8P) and neutral is connected to the common neutral bus bar (8N). Another common bus bar is the earth bus bar (6E). The earth link (6) is connected to the earth bus bar (6E). The earth link (6) is wired to the earth pit electrode (13). The miniature circuit breakers MCBs (9.1 to 9.9) are connected to the phase bus bar (8P) through single pole MCB (9.1 to 9.9).
  • the current rating of each MCB is decided by the type of load connected to it.
  • the MCB rating as per prior art is sUch that, light and fan circuit 6A. socket circuit 15 A, air conditioning and similar circuits 20A.
  • the external load on each circuit is directly wired from the DB (12) Uch that, the phase line/wire from the particular MCB, neutral line/wire from the common neutral bus bar (8N) and earth wire from the common earth bus bar (6E).
  • the current operated ELCB (7) is provided for protecting all the circuits of the DB (12) from earth faults with a minimum leakage current limit of 30 mA.
  • the load circuit phase lines of more than one wire could be connected in single MCB.
  • the neutral line going Out Of the DB to a load may open circuited. This may cauSe back feeding electric shock and electrical fire hazard. • The phase line of a single load circuit from DB may be grounded. This may cause ELCB to trip and blackout at consumer premise.
  • the neutral line , of a load circuit from DB may be grounded. This may delay ELCB trip cause overheating and electrical fire hazard
  • the present single phase DB at domestic place doesn’t have facility to feed solar supply as a second or partial source inside the same DB.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates general arrangement and circuits of a 3 Phase 415 V, 50 Hz distribution board (12) supply system of a 3 phase domestic consumer according to the prior art.
  • the three phase grid supply (20) from the utility company is directly connected to the 3 phase 4 wire energy meter (1).
  • the outgoing phase lines R, Y and B are connected to the respective fuse (2) of each phase.
  • the neutral from the energy meter is connected to the neutral link (3).
  • the energy meter (1), fuses (2) and the neutral link (3) are installed on a 3 phase meter board (4).
  • the meter board (4) is conveniently located for easy meter reading by the Utility company on the consumer premises. Access and services of the meter board (4) is allocated to the supply company only or unauthorized access to the meter board (4) is blocked.
  • phase lines R, Y and B from the fuse units (2) are directly connected to the bottom side of the 3 pole isolator (5) inside the 3 phase DB (12).
  • the phase lines R, Y and 8 from the top of the 3 pole isolator is directly connected to the bottom phase terminals of the current operated ELCB [7]
  • the neutral line from the top of the neutral link (3) is directly connected to the bottom terminal of the link [15] inside the DB [ 12].
  • the neutral line from the link (15) also connected to the ELCB (7) neutral terminal.
  • the phase bus bars 8R, 8Y and 8B are directly connected to the top terminals of the ELCB (7).
  • the top neutral terminal of the ELCB (7) is connected to the neutral common bus bar (8N).
  • the earth link (6) inside DB is connected to the common earth bus bar (6E).
  • An earth line is directly connected from the earth pit electrode (13) to the earth link (6) inside the 3 phase DB (12).
  • a set of MCBs (9.1 to 9.18) is individually fixed to the bus bars 8R, 8Y and 8B in a phase shift order R,Y and B as (1 ,3.5); (2,4,6); (7,9, 1 1); (8,10,12); (13,15,17); (14,16, 18).
  • the current rating of each MCB is decided by the connected load and standard rating 5 A, 10A, 15 A, 20A etc.
  • the 10A MCB is used for connecting two numbers 5A circuits in one MCB for saving MCB spaces.
  • the outgoing load circuit is directly wired for phase line from each MCB (9.1 to 9.18), neutral line from the common neutral bus bar (8N), and earth wire from the common earth bus bar (6£).
  • Each circuit is protected from short circuit by the MCB of that circuit.
  • Standard rated MCBs (9.1 to 9.18) is used such as 5 A, 10A, 15 A, 20A etc. and the load connected to each MCB is lesser than the standard current rating.
  • the overall earth fault is protected by the current operated ELCB (7) with a minimum unbalance current limit of 30mA.
  • the neutral line of a load circuit going out from the three phase DB may grounded and the leakage current is less than 30 mA and continue for long time. This may cause overheating and electricai fire hazard.
  • US20130342948 discloses a protection device, in the form Of an MCB, electrically connects terminals to allow a supply of electrical power from source to motor.
  • MCB is responsive to a fault signal at a port for selectively electrically disconnecting at least one of terminals to prevent the supply of electrical power.
  • a sentinel unit selectively generates the fault signal at port in response to the current in conductor being greater than a predetermined threshold.
  • a low voltage domestic board integrated with Single phase multilevel protection System and multiple Source said system comprising of: meter board:
  • domestic board further comprises of:
  • At least one earth leakage circuit breaker ELCB
  • MBCs single pole miniature circuit breakers
  • ELCB is connected to the changeover switch as an extension through a common phaSe line and common neutral line
  • the two pole leakage current MCBs on phase line is connected in series to the single pole MCBS, arid thereby if there i any short circuit fault in load circuit, the respective single pole MCB of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty portion thus avoiding electrical fire hazard as well as total blackout for any short circuit, and
  • the two pole leakage current MCBs On phase line is connected in series to the single pole MCBs, and thereby if there is any ground fault in that load circuit, the respective two pole earth leakage MCB of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty portion thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any earth leakage above 10 mA.
  • phase line is in series with the single pole MCBs, two pole leakage current MCBs, ELCB and fuse in the meter board to provide multilevel protection to the load circuit and if there is any short circuit fault in the load circuit, the single pole MCB of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty circuit thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any short circuit.
  • the two pole leakage current MCB of 10 mA rating of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty circuit thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any phase to ground fault of the load circuit.
  • the neutral line is in eries with the two pole leakage current MCBs, ELCB to provide multilevel protection to the load circuit, and if there is any neutral to ground fault in the load circuit with a faulty two pole leakage current MCB or a neutral to ground fault before the two pole leakage current MCB, the ELCB will trip and isolate source supply thus avoid electrical fire hazard with a total blackout in the consumer premise for such neutral to ground fault.
  • the isolator On the domestic board serves as an isolator for phase and neutral simultaneously.
  • the current Operated ELCB serves as an overall earth leakage protection to all distribution circuits and the minimum leakage current for trip level is 30 mA. It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein outgoing feeder circuit phase arid neutral are directly connected to the terminal of unbalance two pole leakage current MCB and earth wire to dedicated earth terminals of each outgoing circuit.
  • the ELCB trips for leakage cUrferit greater than 30mA and cause blackout in the single phase consumer premises, if there is any phase to ground fault before or un cleared by the two pole leakage current CB.
  • lt is another aspect of the present invention, whefeiri if ariy phase to earth fault befofe the earth leakage current MCBs, the ELCB trips instantaneously and for any neutral to earth fault in that above location the ELCB trips after reaching the leakage above 30mA.
  • the system provides grid Supply source and secondary supply source in same distribution board as well as same MCBs delivering both electric supply to certain loads through a manual changeover switch.
  • the System with a three phase grid supply comprises of: at least three independent single phase supply and a single phase secondary Supply looped as correspondingly to Create independent Single phase distribution board with two source supply in a common domestic distribution board.
  • Figure I illustrates single phase metering board and single phase domestic board according to the prior art.
  • Figure 2 illustrates three phase metering board and three phase domestic board according to the prior art.
  • Figure 3 illustrates low voltage domestic board integrated with single phase multilevel protection system with multiple sources according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates low voltage domestic board integrated with three phase multilevel protection system with multiple sources according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 illustrates low voltage domestic board integrated With single phase multilevel protection system with single source according to the present invention.
  • the present invention as herein described relates to a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system for the safety of human and their properties which also avoids electrical fire hazard and a total blackout in the premise with dedicated protection.
  • the low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system and multiple source said system comprising of meter board [23]; domestic board (DB) [19]; at least one earth pit electrode [24]; secondary power supply board [29]; and grid supply [A]
  • the meter board [23] has an energy meter [22], fuse carrier [20], and neutral link [21].
  • the energy meter [22] records active power, reactive power and maximum demand.
  • the domestic board [19] further comprises Of at least two 2-pole isolators [16, 18]; at least one earth link [17]; at least One single phase current operated earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) [1 ]; at least one earth bus bar [8]: One or more single pole miniature Circuit breakers (MCBs) [2 to 7]; one Or more two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15]; one or more earth connection terminals [el to e6]; and a changeover switch [9].
  • the system provides independent phase line and independent neutral line for each circuit of a DB and also provides separate earth wire connection for each circuit [OG-l to OG-6] of a DB.
  • the grid supply [A] from the meter board [23] is connected to the isolator [16] of the domestic board [19].
  • From the single phase two pole isolator [ 16] the main is connected to the bottom Of the ELCB [1 ].
  • the single phase 2 pole isolator [16] on the domestic board [19] serves as an isolator for phases and neutral simultaneously.
  • the ELCB [1] serves as an overall earth leakage protection to all distribution circuits Of that single phase supply [Al ] and the trip level or the minimum leakage current level for trip is 30mA.
  • the phase and neutral lines of single phase supply [Al ] are connected to the ELCB [1 ]
  • the outgoing phase from the ELCB [1 ] is looped to the single pole MCB [2 to 4] and extended to the terminal [PI] Of the changeover switch [9].
  • the outgoing neutral from the ELCB [1] is looped to the two pole leakage current MCB [10 to 12] and extended to the terminal [Nl] of the changeover switch [9].
  • the load side phase terminal [P] Of the changeover switch is looped to the single pole MCB [5 to 7].
  • a blanking plate (b) is provided between the MCBs [4 and 5] to separate the grid MCBs [2 to 4] and changeover MCBs [5 to 7].
  • the current operated earth leakage two pole MCB’s [10 to 12] on phase line is connected in series to the MCB’S [2 to 4]
  • Outgoing feeder circuits [OG-l to OG-6] phase and neutral of each circuit are directly connected to the terminal of the unbalance two pole leakage current MCBs [10. I I , 12, 13, 14, 15] and earth wire connected to the dedicated earth terminals [ei to e 6 ] of each circuit.
  • phase line/wire Of a load circuit is in Series with fuse [20]
  • ELCB [1] single pole MCBs [2 to 7] and two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15]
  • the single pole MCB [2 or 3 or 4 or 5 of 6 or 7] of that circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] independently will trip arid isolate the faulty circuit, thus avoids related electrical fire hazards and total blackout for any such short circuit.
  • phase line/wire of a load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] is in series with fuse [20] on the meter board [23], ELCB [1], single pole MCB’s [2 to 7] and two pole leakage current MCB’s [10 to 15], if there is any phase to ground fault in the load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6], the two pole leakage current MCB [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] of that circuit [OG- 1 to OG-6] independently will trip and isolate the faulty circuit, thus avoids related electrical fire hazards and total blackout for any phase to ground fault.
  • phase line/wire of a load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] is in series with fuse [20] on the meter board [23], ELCB [1 ], Single pole MCB’S [2 to 7] arid two pole leakage current MCB’S [10 to 15], if there is any short circuit fault in the load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] and the single pole MCB [2 or 3 Or 4 Or 5 or 6 or 7] is faulty or inoperative Of the Short circuit fault happens before the single pole MCBs [2 to 7] the phase fuse [20] in the meter board [23] will bum and isolate the faulty circuit, thus avoids related electrical .fire hazards and create a total blackout for such short circuit fault.
  • phase lifie/wife of a load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] is in series with fuse [20]
  • ELCB [1], single pole MCB’s [2 to 7] and two pole leakage current MCB’s [10 to 15] if there is any phase to ground fault in the load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] and the two pole leakage current MCB [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] is faulty or inoperative or the ground fault happens before the two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15] the ELCB [1 ] will trip and isolate the faulty circuit, thus avoids related electrical fire hazards and create a total blackout for such phase to ground fault.
  • a neutral to ground fault before the ELCB [1] will not create any trouble to the consumer premise, because the source neutral is permanently earthed before supplying to the consumer.
  • the neutral terminal of the two pole earth leakage MCB’S [10 to 12] is connected from the outgoing neutral of ELCB [1].
  • the neutral terminal of the two pole leakage current MCBs [13 to 15] is connected from the outgoing common neutral terminal (N) of the changeover switch [9].
  • a common phase terminal (P) outgoing from the changeover switch [9] is looped between the single pole MCBs [5 to 7].
  • the common neutral terminal [N] Out going from the changeover switch [9] is looped between the neutral terminals of the two pole leakage current MCBs [13 to 15].
  • the changeover switch [9] is a three position switch, where for example, middle is off, top for grid supply [Al ] and bottom for secondary source supply [Bl].
  • the secondary Supply [B l ] of the domestic board [19] from the isolator [18] is wired from the external current operated ELCB [25] on the secondary supply board [29].
  • the secondary supply from the single phase 2 pole isolator [18] connected to the terminals. [P 2 ] and [N 2 J Of the changeover switch [9] of the domestic board [19].
  • the current operated ELCB [25] is directly connected from the secondary supply MCB [26] and secondary supply neutral link [27].
  • a secondary supply earth link [28] is wired from the solar supply neutral link [27]
  • the secondary supply earth link [28] is connected to the grid earth pit electrode [24]
  • the grid earth pit electrode [24] is also connected to the earth link [17] and each load circuit [OG-I to OG-6] earth is looped from the earth terminal links [ei to e 6 ].
  • the secondary supply [B] is a power generated from a solar panel.
  • the present invention thus provides grid supply source and solar supply source in same distribution board for domestic and similar commercial utilities.
  • the three phase grid Supply [A] from the meter board [23] is connected to the bottom of the three phase 4 pole isolator [16] of the domestic board [19].
  • the secondary single phase supply [B] from the SOlar/UPS board [29] top of the ELCB [25] is connected to the bottom Of the Single phase two pole isolator [18].
  • the grid three phase supply [A] converted as single phase supply [A l , A2, A3] from the top of the 4 pole isolator [16] is connected to the bottom of the corresponding phase ELCB [1 ]
  • the secondary supply [B] from the top of the two pole isolator [18] is looped as [B1. B2, B3] and connected to the bottom of the corresponding phase three position manual changeover switch [9] terminals [P2-N2].
  • the three phase domestic board [19] further arranged as three independent single phase domestic boards with two incoming supply [Al-Bl], [A2-B2], and
  • a separate common earth bus bar [8] for all three sections of the domestic board [19] is wired from the top of the earth link [17] and bottom connected from the external earth pit electrode [24].
  • the oiitgoirig earth wire for each circuit [OG-l to OG-6] is liriked to the earth bus through [ei to e 6 ] earth terminals corresponding to each phases.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a low voltage domestic board Fig-3 [12] integrated with multilevel protection system Fig-3 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 26] and multiple sources Fig-3 [A, B] to minimize electrical fire hazard by eliminating faulty portion independently for the safety of human and property, also which avoids a total blackout in a domestic premise with dedicated protection Fig-3 [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26]. Further, the present invention relates to a low voltage domestic board Fig-3 [12] integrated with multilevel protection system Fig-3 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 26], in which faulty circuit independently trips and isolates for an overload by Fig-3 [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] or ground fault by Fig-3 [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15] of a particular load circuit Fig-3 [OG-1 to OG-6]. Advantageously, the present invention provides easy trouble shooting inside a domestic and similar commercial distribution board Fig-3 [12] with dedicated protections Fig-3 [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26] and external lines with minimum interruptions to the mains power Fig-3 [A or B].

Description

LOW VOLTAGE DOMESTIC BOARD INTEGRATED WITH MULTILEVEL PROTECTION AND MULTIPLE SOURCE FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to power protection system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system and multiple source to minimize electrical fire hazard by eliminating faulty portion independently for the safety of human and property, also which avoids a total blackout in a domestic premise with dedicated protection. Further, the present invention relates to a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system, in which faulty circuit independently trips and isolates for an overload or ground fault of a particular load circuit.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electricity is an inevitable power source in modem human living utilities. Electricity is used at domestic premises for various purposes. Modem homes use far more electrical appliances than ever before, and as a result, much more power is required to be able to run the average home. The utility apparatuses that include but not limited to heaters, washing machines, mixer grinders, refrigerators, electronic devices are wired for human use with approved cable wires, control switches and protection devices as per the form of a standard distribution box/board with approved circuit diagram. All of these domestic and similar commercial electrical utility premises are strictly implemented with approved norms and practices in the installation and use of electricity. Even with the availability of all safety measures, every day at least one electrical fire hazard occurs around the world. According to prior art, two types of standard distribution boards (DB) are available for wiring in domestic and similar commercial premises for the distribution of electric supply to the single phase low voltage subsidiary circuits. Figure 1 illustrates single phase 240V, 50Hz AC supply system of a domestic Utility consumer according to the prior art. The mains 240V. 50Hz single phase supply (20) is directly connected to an energy meter (1 ) On a meter board (4). The meter board (4) is located at the consumer premise in a place suitable for convenient meter reading by the utility company’s meter reader. The mains phase line from the energy meter is wired to a fuse unit (2) and the neutral wire from the energy meter is wired to the neutral link (3). The phase and neutral line of a distribution board (DB) (12) is connected to the 2 pole isolator (5) of the DB (12) from fuse carrier (2) and neutral link (3). From the 2 pole isolator (5) phase and neutral are connected to the 2 pole current operated earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) (7). From the ELCB (7) phase is connected to phase bus bar (8P) and neutral is connected to the common neutral bus bar (8N). Another common bus bar is the earth bus bar (6E). The earth link (6) is connected to the earth bus bar (6E). The earth link (6) is wired to the earth pit electrode (13). The miniature circuit breakers MCBs (9.1 to 9.9) are connected to the phase bus bar (8P) through single pole MCB (9.1 to 9.9). The current rating of each MCB is decided by the type of load connected to it. The MCB rating as per prior art is sUch that, light and fan circuit 6A. socket circuit 15 A, air conditioning and similar circuits 20A. The external load on each circuit is directly wired from the DB (12) Uch that, the phase line/wire from the particular MCB, neutral line/wire from the common neutral bus bar (8N) and earth wire from the common earth bus bar (6E). The current operated ELCB (7) is provided for protecting all the circuits of the DB (12) from earth faults with a minimum leakage current limit of 30 mA. Some of the deficiencies of the single phase DB are as below:
• The phase circuit wiring out of the DB to a load circuit is not independently protected.
This may cause back feeding electric shock, over load, and electrical fire hazard.
• The neutral circuit wiring out of the DB to a load circuit is not independently protected. This may cause back feeding electric shock, over load, and electrical fire hazard.
« Since, the wiring to the load from an MCB of a DB [12] is connected to any of the MCBs (9.1 to 9.9). this may lead to low load circuit in high rated MCB and vice versa and lead to an overload and electrical fire hazard.
• The load circuit phase lines of more than one wire could be connected in single MCB.
This also may lead to overload and electrical fire hazard.
• The load circuit phase going out of the DB from an MCB could be interlinked to other MCB of the same DB. If One MCB is OFF, other MCB will feed the fault. This may cause back feeding electric shock over load and electrical fire hazard.
9 In the load side switch boards, more than one circuit phases could be interlinked, say the light circuit and the socket circuit phases. This may lead to back feeding the circuits. If one MCB is switched off also the other MCB will feed fault and lead to short circuit and electrical fire hazards. Back feeding in any circuits may lead to electric shocks also.
• In the load circuit field, all the neutral could be mixed or neutral of one circuit could be looped from the neutral of other circuit. This may cause back feeding electric shock, over load, and electrical fire hazard.
• The neutral line going Out Of the DB to a load may open circuited. This may cauSe back feeding electric shock and electrical fire hazard. • The phase line of a single load circuit from DB may be grounded. This may cause ELCB to trip and blackout at consumer premise.
• The neutral line, of a load circuit from DB may be grounded. This may delay ELCB trip cause overheating and electrical fire hazard
• Tf the leakage current is close to trip, but less than 30mA, ELCB will not trip arid cause fire hazard if the fault continues for long time.
• The present single phase DB at domestic place doesn’t have facility to feed solar supply as a second or partial source inside the same DB.
Figure 2 illustrates general arrangement and circuits of a 3 Phase 415 V, 50 Hz distribution board (12) supply system of a 3 phase domestic consumer according to the prior art. The three phase grid supply (20) from the utility company is directly connected to the 3 phase 4 wire energy meter (1). The outgoing phase lines R, Y and B are connected to the respective fuse (2) of each phase. The neutral from the energy meter is connected to the neutral link (3). The energy meter (1), fuses (2) and the neutral link (3) are installed on a 3 phase meter board (4). The meter board (4) is conveniently located for easy meter reading by the Utility company on the consumer premises. Access and services of the meter board (4) is allocated to the supply company only or unauthorized access to the meter board (4) is blocked.
The phase lines R, Y and B from the fuse units (2) are directly connected to the bottom side of the 3 pole isolator (5) inside the 3 phase DB (12). The phase lines R, Y and 8 from the top of the 3 pole isolator is directly connected to the bottom phase terminals of the current operated ELCB [7] The neutral line from the top of the neutral link (3) is directly connected to the bottom terminal of the link [15] inside the DB [ 12]. The neutral line from the link (15) also connected to the ELCB (7) neutral terminal. The phase bus bars 8R, 8Y and 8B are directly connected to the top terminals of the ELCB (7). The top neutral terminal of the ELCB (7) is connected to the neutral common bus bar (8N). The earth link (6) inside DB is connected to the common earth bus bar (6E). An earth line is directly connected from the earth pit electrode (13) to the earth link (6) inside the 3 phase DB (12). A set of MCBs (9.1 to 9.18) is individually fixed to the bus bars 8R, 8Y and 8B in a phase shift order R,Y and B as (1 ,3.5); (2,4,6); (7,9, 1 1); (8,10,12); (13,15,17); (14,16, 18). The current rating of each MCB is decided by the connected load and standard rating 5 A, 10A, 15 A, 20A etc. The 10A MCB is used for connecting two numbers 5A circuits in one MCB for saving MCB spaces.
The outgoing load circuit is directly wired for phase line from each MCB (9.1 to 9.18), neutral line from the common neutral bus bar (8N), and earth wire from the common earth bus bar (6£). Each circuit is protected from short circuit by the MCB of that circuit. Standard rated MCBs (9.1 to 9.18) is used such as 5 A, 10A, 15 A, 20A etc. and the load connected to each MCB is lesser than the standard current rating. The overall earth fault is protected by the current operated ELCB (7) with a minimum unbalance current limit of 30mA.
According to prior art DB (12), each circuit of a domestic consumer is protected from short circuit by MCB and overall earth fault protection by ELCB. Even with the availability of all safety measures, every day at least one electrical fire hazard occurs around the world. These fault hazards are proving that the conventional protection is insufficient. Some of the deficiencies of three phases DB are as below:
• In domestic and similar commercial utility premise, all electrical devices controlling and operating supply is single phase 240V, 50Hz AC system. But the distribution board feeding these loads is 3-phase 415 V. 50 Hz AC system, which means the working voltage of a single phase system dangerously increased and that it may lead to different fault and electrical fire hazards.
® In case Of a neutral breakdown, the 240V AC devices after the break m y work with 415V AC system. This is due to the back feeding from other switched phase circuits and may lead to overheat and electrical fire hazard. Back feeding may cause electric shocks to the working men.
• The neutral line of a load circuit going out from the three phase DB may grounded and the leakage current is less than 30 mA and continue for long time. This may cause overheating and electricai fire hazard.
• All the disadvantages of a single phase DB also applicable here with 3-phase DB.
• The prior art three phase DB doesn’t have any facility to accommodate 2"^ supply from solar/other sources.
US20130342948 discloses a protection device, in the form Of an MCB, electrically connects terminals to allow a supply of electrical power from source to motor. MCB is responsive to a fault signal at a port for selectively electrically disconnecting at least one of terminals to prevent the supply of electrical power. A sentinel unit selectively generates the fault signal at port in response to the current in conductor being greater than a predetermined threshold. However, the previous studies did not detail considerations Of a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system, which avoids electrical fire hazard as well as a total blackout in the premises with dedicated protection.
Accordingly, there exists a need for a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system which eliminates electrical fire hazard, and which also avoids a total blackout in the premise with dedicated protection. Further, there exists need for a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system, in which faulty circuit independently trips and isolates for an overload or ground fault of a particular load circuit.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
One or more of the problems of the conventional prior art may be overcome by various embodiments of the system and method of the present invention.
It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system and multiple sources, which avoids electrical fire hazard as well as a total blackout in domestic premise with dedicated protection.
It is another object Of the present invention to provide a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system and multiple sources, in which faulty circuit independently trips and isolates for an overload or ground fault of a particular load circuit.
It is another object Of the present invention to provide a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system, in which phase to earth fault in a circuit will not lead to a total blackout in the premise, but only that circuit of the premise with fault will open.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system in which neutral to earth fault in a circuit will not lead to a total blackout in the premise, but only that circuit of the premise with fault will open.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system to feed heavy loads always through grid supply and light loads by solar supply or grid supply through manual change over switch.
It is another object Of the present invention to provide a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system to feed partial load through same line of single pole overload MCB and two pole earth leakages MCB either from grid supply Of solar supply through manual change over switch.
It is another Object of the present invention, wherein the system provides easy trouble shooting inside a domestic and similar commercial distribution board with dedicated protections and external lines with minimum interruptions to the mains power.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus, according to the basic aspect of the present invention there is provided a low voltage domestic board integrated with Single phase multilevel protection System and multiple Source, said system comprising of: meter board:
domestic board; and
secondary supply board,
wherein the domestic board further comprises of:
at least two isolators;
at least one earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB);
one Of more single pole miniature circuit breakers (MCBs);
one or more two pole leakage current MCBs; and
a changeover switch for two single phase power Supply,
wherein grid supply from the meter board is connected to the ELCB through the isolator,
wherein the ELCB is connected to the changeover switch as an extension through a common phaSe line and common neutral line,
wherein the two pole leakage current MCBs on phase line is connected in series to the single pole MCBS, arid thereby if there i any short circuit fault in load circuit, the respective single pole MCB of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty portion thus avoiding electrical fire hazard as well as total blackout for any short circuit, and
wherein the two pole leakage current MCBs On phase line is connected in series to the single pole MCBs, and thereby if there is any ground fault in that load circuit, the respective two pole earth leakage MCB of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty portion thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any earth leakage above 10 mA.
It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the phase line is in series with the single pole MCBs, two pole leakage current MCBs, ELCB and fuse in the meter board to provide multilevel protection to the load circuit and if there is any short circuit fault in the load circuit, the single pole MCB of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty circuit thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any short circuit.
It is another aspect Of the present invention, wherein if there is any phase to ground fault in the load circuit, the two pole leakage current MCB of 10 mA rating of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty circuit thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any phase to ground fault of the load circuit.
It is another aspect Of the present invention, wherein Since the neutral line Of a load circuit is in series with ELCB, two pole leakage current MCBs, if there is any neutral to ground fault in the load circuit, the two pole leakage current MCB Of 10 liiA rating of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty circuit thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any neutral to ground fault of the load circuit. it is another aspect of the present invention, wherein if there is any short circuit fault in the load circuit with a faulty single pole MCB or a short circuit fault before the single pole MCB, the fuse in the eter board will burn and isolate Source Supply thus avoid electrical fire hazard with a total blackout in the consumer premise for any such short circuit.
It is another aspect Of the present invention, wherein if there is any phase to ground fault in the load circuit with a faulty two pole leakage current MCB or a phase to ground fault before the two pole leakage current MCB the ELCB will trip and isolate source Supply thus avoid electrical fire hazard with a total blackout in the consumer premise for such ground fault. It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the neutral line is in eries with the two pole leakage current MCBs, ELCB to provide multilevel protection to the load circuit, and if there is any neutral to ground fault in the load circuit with a faulty two pole leakage current MCB or a neutral to ground fault before the two pole leakage current MCB, the ELCB will trip and isolate source supply thus avoid electrical fire hazard with a total blackout in the consumer premise for such neutral to ground fault.
It is another aspect Of the present invention, wherein the neutral to ground fault before the ELCB eliminates the creation of any problem to the consumer premise, because the source neutral is permanently earthed.
It is another aspect Of the present invention, wherein a blanking plate is provided between MCBs to separate the grid MCBs and changeover MCBs.
It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the isolator On the domestic board, serves as an isolator for phase and neutral simultaneously.
It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the system provides Overload protection near to the maximum approved connected load of each circuit of a domestic board.
It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the current Operated ELCB serves as an overall earth leakage protection to all distribution circuits and the minimum leakage current for trip level is 30 mA. It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein outgoing feeder circuit phase arid neutral are directly connected to the terminal of unbalance two pole leakage current MCB and earth wire to dedicated earth terminals of each outgoing circuit.
It is another aspect of the pfeserit invention, whefeiri the Unbalance two pole leakage CUrferit MCBs trips faster than ELCB as the leakage level for trip is 10mA. if there is any earth leakage fault thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any earth fault.
It is another aspect of the present invention, wherein the ELCB trips for leakage cUrferit greater than 30mA and cause blackout in the single phase consumer premises, if there is any phase to ground fault before or un cleared by the two pole leakage current CB. lt is another aspect of the present invention, whefeiri if ariy phase to earth fault befofe the earth leakage current MCBs, the ELCB trips instantaneously and for any neutral to earth fault in that above location the ELCB trips after reaching the leakage above 30mA.
It is another aspect of the present invention, whefeiri the system provides grid Supply source and secondary supply source in same distribution board as well as same MCBs delivering both electric supply to certain loads through a manual changeover switch.
It is another aspect Of the present invention, wherein the systefri feed heavy loads always through grid supply and light loads by either solar supply or grid supply through manual change over switch. It is another aspect Of the present invention, wherein the System with a three phase grid supply comprises of: at least three independent single phase supply and a single phase secondary Supply looped as correspondingly to Create independent Single phase distribution board with two source supply in a common domestic distribution board.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide three single phases current operated ELCB corresponding to each phase and neutral of a three phase system to protect from phase to ground fault of a load by tripping only that single phase ELCB while other two phases remain healthy thus avoid electrical fire hazard as well as complete blackout at that premise.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide three single phases current Operated ELCB corresponding to each phase and neutral of a three phase system to protect from neutral to ground fault Of a load by tripping only that single phase ELCB while Other two phases remain healthy thus avoid electrical fire hazard as well as complete blackout at that premise.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide three single phases current Operated ELCB corresponding to each phase and neutral of a three phase system to protect in the event Of neutral breakout to avoid back feeding from other switched phases and aVoid single phase 240 V AC devices working with two phases or 415 V AC system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure I : illustrates single phase metering board and single phase domestic board according to the prior art.
Figure 2: illustrates three phase metering board and three phase domestic board according to the prior art. Figure 3: illustrates low voltage domestic board integrated with single phase multilevel protection system with multiple sources according to the present invention.
Figure 4: illustrates low voltage domestic board integrated with three phase multilevel protection system with multiple sources according to the present invention.
Figure 5: illustrates low voltage domestic board integrated With single phase multilevel protection system with single source according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH REFERENCE TO THE ACCOMPANYING FIGURES
The present invention as herein described relates to a low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system for the safety of human and their properties which also avoids electrical fire hazard and a total blackout in the premise with dedicated protection.
Referring to Figure 3. in one embodiment Of the present invention, the low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system and multiple source, said system comprising of meter board [23]; domestic board (DB) [19]; at least one earth pit electrode [24]; secondary power supply board [29]; and grid supply [A] The meter board [23] has an energy meter [22], fuse carrier [20], and neutral link [21]. The energy meter [22] records active power, reactive power and maximum demand. The domestic board [19] further comprises Of at least two 2-pole isolators [16, 18]; at least one earth link [17]; at least One single phase current operated earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) [1 ]; at least one earth bus bar [8]: One or more single pole miniature Circuit breakers (MCBs) [2 to 7]; one Or more two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15]; one or more earth connection terminals [el to e6]; and a changeover switch [9]. The system provides independent phase line and independent neutral line for each circuit of a DB and also provides separate earth wire connection for each circuit [OG-l to OG-6] of a DB.
The grid supply [A] from the meter board [23] is connected to the isolator [16] of the domestic board [19]. From the single phase two pole isolator [ 16] the main is connected to the bottom Of the ELCB [1 ]. The single phase 2 pole isolator [16] on the domestic board [19] serves as an isolator for phases and neutral simultaneously. The ELCB [1] serves as an overall earth leakage protection to all distribution circuits Of that single phase supply [Al ] and the trip level or the minimum leakage current level for trip is 30mA. The phase and neutral lines of single phase supply [Al ] are connected to the ELCB [1 ] The outgoing phase from the ELCB [1 ] is looped to the single pole MCB [2 to 4] and extended to the terminal [PI] Of the changeover switch [9]. Similarly, the outgoing neutral from the ELCB [1] is looped to the two pole leakage current MCB [10 to 12] and extended to the terminal [Nl] of the changeover switch [9]. The load side phase terminal [P] Of the changeover switch is looped to the single pole MCB [5 to 7]. A blanking plate (b) is provided between the MCBs [4 and 5] to separate the grid MCBs [2 to 4] and changeover MCBs [5 to 7]. The current operated earth leakage two pole MCB’s [10 to 12] on phase line is connected in series to the MCB’S [2 to 4] Outgoing feeder circuits [OG-l to OG-6] phase and neutral of each circuit are directly connected to the terminal of the unbalance two pole leakage current MCBs [10. I I , 12, 13, 14, 15] and earth wire connected to the dedicated earth terminals [ei to e6] of each circuit.
Since the phase line/wire Of a load circuit is in Series with fuse [20] On the meter board [23], ELCB [1], single pole MCBs [2 to 7] and two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15], if there is any short circuit fault in the load circuit [OG-l to OG-6], the single pole MCB [2 or 3 or 4 or 5 of 6 or 7] of that circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] independently will trip arid isolate the faulty circuit, thus avoids related electrical fire hazards and total blackout for any such short circuit.
Since the phase line/wire of a load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] is in series with fuse [20] on the meter board [23], ELCB [1], single pole MCB’s [2 to 7] and two pole leakage current MCB’s [10 to 15], if there is any phase to ground fault in the load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6], the two pole leakage current MCB [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] of that circuit [OG- 1 to OG-6] independently will trip and isolate the faulty circuit, thus avoids related electrical fire hazards and total blackout for any phase to ground fault.
Since the neutral line/wire of a load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] is in Series with ELCB [1 ], two pole leakage current MCB’s [ 10 to 15], if there is any neutral to ground fault in the load circuit [OG- 1 to OG-6], the two pole leakage current MCB [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] of that circuit independently will trip and isolate the faulty circuit thus avoids related electrical fire hazards and total blackout for any neutral to ground fault.
Since the phase line/wire of a load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] is in series with fuse [20] on the meter board [23], ELCB [1 ], Single pole MCB’S [2 to 7] arid two pole leakage current MCB’S [10 to 15], if there is any short circuit fault in the load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] and the single pole MCB [2 or 3 Or 4 Or 5 or 6 or 7] is faulty or inoperative Of the Short circuit fault happens before the single pole MCBs [2 to 7] the phase fuse [20] in the meter board [23] will bum and isolate the faulty circuit, thus avoids related electrical .fire hazards and create a total blackout for such short circuit fault.
Since the phase lifie/wife of a load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] is in series with fuse [20] On the meter board [23], ELCB [1], single pole MCB’s [2 to 7] and two pole leakage current MCB’s [10 to 15], if there is any phase to ground fault in the load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] and the two pole leakage current MCB [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] is faulty or inoperative or the ground fault happens before the two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15] the ELCB [1 ] will trip and isolate the faulty circuit, thus avoids related electrical fire hazards and create a total blackout for such phase to ground fault.
A neutral to ground fault before the ELCB [1] will not create any trouble to the consumer premise, because the source neutral is permanently earthed before supplying to the consumer.
The neutral terminal of the two pole earth leakage MCB’S [10 to 12] is connected from the outgoing neutral of ELCB [1]. The neutral terminal of the two pole leakage current MCBs [13 to 15] is connected from the outgoing common neutral terminal (N) of the changeover switch [9]. A common phase terminal (P) outgoing from the changeover switch [9] is looped between the single pole MCBs [5 to 7]. The common neutral terminal [N] Out going from the changeover switch [9] is looped between the neutral terminals of the two pole leakage current MCBs [13 to 15]. The changeover switch [9] is a three position switch, where for example, middle is off, top for grid supply [Al ] and bottom for secondary source supply [Bl].
The secondary Supply [B l ] of the domestic board [19] from the isolator [18] is wired from the external current operated ELCB [25] on the secondary supply board [29]. The secondary supply from the single phase 2 pole isolator [18] connected to the terminals. [P2] and [N2J Of the changeover switch [9] of the domestic board [19]. The current operated ELCB [25] is directly connected from the secondary supply MCB [26] and secondary supply neutral link [27]. A secondary supply earth link [28] is wired from the solar supply neutral link [27] The secondary supply earth link [28] is connected to the grid earth pit electrode [24] The grid earth pit electrode [24] is also connected to the earth link [17] and each load circuit [OG-I to OG-6] earth is looped from the earth terminal links [ei to e6].
In one embodiment of the present invention the secondary supply [B] is a power generated from a solar panel. The present invention thus provides grid supply source and solar supply source in same distribution board for domestic and similar commercial utilities.
Referring to Figure 4, in another embodiment Of the present invention, the low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection system with a three phase grid supply [A], wherein the domestic board [ 19] comprises Of at least three single phase supply [Al , A2. A3] and one secondary single phase supply [B] looped as [Bl , B2, and B3]. The three phase grid Supply [A] from the meter board [23] is connected to the bottom of the three phase 4 pole isolator [16] of the domestic board [19]. The secondary single phase supply [B] from the SOlar/UPS board [29] top of the ELCB [25] is connected to the bottom Of the Single phase two pole isolator [18].
The grid three phase supply [A] converted as single phase supply [A l , A2, A3] from the top of the 4 pole isolator [16] is connected to the bottom of the corresponding phase ELCB [1 ] The secondary supply [B] from the top of the two pole isolator [18] is looped as [B1. B2, B3] and connected to the bottom of the corresponding phase three position manual changeover switch [9] terminals [P2-N2]. The three phase domestic board [19] further arranged as three independent single phase domestic boards with two incoming supply [Al-Bl], [A2-B2], and
[A3-B3] The internal components between two sources [A l -B l ], [A2-B2] arid [A3-B3] are exactly similar and equal to the arrangement in Figure 3 of the present invention. Therefore Figure-4 shows the internal components between sources [Al] arid [B1 ] orily arid marked [A2-B2], [A3-B3] with same component numbers.
A separate common earth bus bar [8] for all three sections of the domestic board [19] is wired from the top of the earth link [17] and bottom connected from the external earth pit electrode [24]. The oiitgoirig earth wire for each circuit [OG-l to OG-6] is liriked to the earth bus through [ei to e6] earth terminals corresponding to each phases.
Advantages Of the System of the present inverition ate as follows:
To provide and standardize the apparatus voltage level to single phase 240V. 50Hz system in all domestic arid similar commercial utilities.
To provide single phase voltage system from an incoming 3-phase 415 volts 50 Hz source to domestic and similar commercial utilities.
To provide independently protected phase line for each circuit of a DB in domestic and similar commercial utilities.
To provide independently protected neutral line for each circuit of a DB in domestic arid similar commercial Utilities.
To provide separate earth wire connection terminal for each circuits of the DB in domestic arid similar commercial utilities.
To provide partial changeover switch for feeding two incoming supplies in single distribution board.
To avoid mixing up of phase lines at the loads sides of different circuits.
To avoid mixing lip of neutral lines at loads sides of different Circuits.
To avoid two load circuit phase lines to connect in one MCB.
To avoid two load circuit neutral lines to connect in one earth leakage MCB. To avoid back feedings in any circuits going out of the domestic and similar commercial distribution boards.
To stop usiiig 3-Phase 415 volts 50 hertz load distribution system for single phase circuits and apparatus in domestic and similar commercial utility premise.
To avoid accidental working of single phase apparatus in 2 phases in series with other switched circuit load.
To avoid total blackout in a three phase customer to use 3 rios single phase ELCBs.
To partially feed low current level loads by solar supply source while feeding large current loads by grid supply Source.
To provide dedicated circuit wiring facility for phase line, neutral line and earth wire of a single load circuit going out of the low voltage distribution board in a domestic and similar commercial electrical utility.
To provide earth fault protection in sUch a way that the faulty circuit will oiily trip and isolate for an earth fault in that particular load circuit.
To provide Overload protections in such a way that the faulty circuit will Only trip and isolate for an overload of a particular load circuit.
TO provide over load protections to solar supply Source and its load circuit.
To provide current operated earth leakage protection ELCB to solar supply source.
To provide neutral earth connection facility for solar supply source.
The foregoing description comprises illustrative embodiments of the present invention. Having thus described exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted by those skilled in the art that the within disclosures are exemplary only, and that various other alternatives, adaptations, and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention. Merely listing Of numbering the steps Of a method in a certain Order does not constitute any limitation on the order of the steps of that method. Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions. Although specific terms may be employed herein, they are used only in generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes Of limitation. Accordingly the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments illustrated herein.

Claims

I CLAIM:
1. A low voltage domestic board integrated with single phase multilevel protection system and multiple source said system comprising of:
meter board [23];
domestic board [ 19]; and
secondary supply board [29],
wherein the domestic board [19] further comprises of
at least two isolators [16, 18];
at least one earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) [1 ];
one or more single pole miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) [2 to 7];
one or more two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15]: and
a changeover switch [9] for two single phase power supply,
wherein grid supply [A] from the meter board [23] is connected to the ELCB [ 1] through the isolator [16],
wherein the ELCB [1 ] is connected to the changeover Switch [9] as an extension through a common phase line and common neutral line,
wherein the two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15] on phase line is connected in series to the single pole MCBs [2 to 7], and thereby if there is any short circuit fault in load circuit [OG-l to OG-6], the respective single pole MCB [2 to 7] of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty portion thus avoiding electrical fire hazard as well as total blackout for any such short circuit, and
wherein the two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15] on phase line is connected in series to the Single pole MCBs [2 to 7], and thereby if there is any ground fault in that load circuit [OG-l to OG-6], the respective two pole earth leakage MCB [10 to 15] of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty portion thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any such earth fault or earth leakage above 10 mA.
2. The system as claimed in claimed 1. wheteiri the phase line is iri Series with the single pole MCBs [2 to 7], two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15] ELCB [ 1 ] and fuse [20] in the meter board [23] to provide multilevel protection to the load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] and if there is any short circuit fault in the load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6], the single pole MCB [2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7] of that Circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty circuit thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any short circuit of that load circuit.
3. The system as claimed in claimed 2, wherein if there is any phase to ground fault in the load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6], the two pole leakage current MCB [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] with 10 mA leakage rating Of that circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] independently will trip and isolate faulty circuit thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any phase to ground fault of that load circuit.
4. The system as claimed in claimed 3, wherein the Unbalance two pole leakage current MCBs [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] trips faster than ELCB [1] as the leakage current level for trip of ELCB [1] is 30mA whereas the two pole leakage current MCBs [10 or 1 1 Or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] the trip level is 10 mA.
5. The system as claimed in claimed 1 , wherein since the neutral line of a load circuit [OG- 1 to OG-6] is in series with ELCB [1], two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15], if there is any neutral to ground fault in the load circuit, the two pole leakage current MCB of 10 mA leakage rating [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] of that circuit independently will trip and isolate faulty circuit thus avoiding electrical fire hazard and total blackout for any neutral to ground fault of that load circuit.
6. The system as claimed in claimed 1. wherein if there is any Short circuit fault in the load circuit [OG-1 to OG-6] with a faulty single pole MCB [2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7] or a short circuit fault before the single pole MCB [2 or 3 or 4 or 5 of 6 or 7] the fuse [20] in the meter board [23] wilt bum and isolate source supply thus avoid electrical fire hazard with a total blackout in the single phase consumer premise for any such short circuit.
7. The System as claimed in claimed 6, for the case Of a three phase consumer the fuse [20] of the short circuited phase only will bum and other two phases will remain healthy thus avoid electrical fire hazard as well as complete black out.
8. The System aS claimed in claimed I . wherein if there is any phase to ground fault in the load circuit [OG-l to OG-6] with a faulty two pole leakage current MCB [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 of 14 or 15] or a phase to ground fault before the two pole leakage current MCB [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] the ELCB [1 ] will trip and isolate source supply thus avoid electrical fire hazard with a total blackout in the single phase consumer premise for such ground fault.
9. The system as claimed in claimed 8, in case of a three phase consumer for any such phase to ground fault the ELCB of that particular phase will trip and isolate fault with other two single phases will remain healthy to avoid electrical fire hazard as well as complete blackout in the three phase consumer premise.
10. The system as claimed in claimed 1. wherein the neutral line is in series with the two pole leakage current MCBs [10 to 15], ELCB [1] to provide multilevel protection to the load ci rcuit [OG-l to OG-6], and if there is any neutral to ground fault in the load circuit [OG-1 to
OG-6] with a faulty two pole leakage current MCB [10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] or a elitral to ground fault before the two pole leakage current MCB [ 10 or 1 1 Or 12 Of 13 or 14 or 15], the ELCB [1] will trip and isolate source supply thus avoid electrical fire hazard with a total blackout in the single phase consumer premise for such neutral to ground fault.
1 1 . The system as claimed in claim 10. where in the case of a three phase consumer for arty such neutral to ground fault the ELCB [1 ] of that particular phase will trip to isolate faulty circuit with other two single phases will remain healthy thus avoid electrical fire hazard as well as complete black out in the three phase consumer premise.
12. The system as claimed in claimed 1 1. wherein the neutral to ground fault before the ELCB [1] eliminates the creation of any problem to the consumer premise, because the source neutral is permanently earthed.
13. The system as claimed in claimed 1. wherein a biahking plate (b) is provided between MCBs [4] and [5] to separate the grid MCBs [2 to 4] and changeover MCBs [10 to 12].
14. The system as claimed in claimed 1 , wherein the isolator [16] oh the domestic board [19]. serves as an isolator for phase and neutral simultaneously.
15. The system as claimed in claimed 1 provide overload protection hear to the maximum approved connected load of each circuit of a domestic board.
16. The system as claimed in claimed 1. wherein the ELCB [1] serves as ah overall earth leakage protection to all distribution circuits of a single phase DB with a minimum leakage current level for trip is 30 mA.
17. The system as claimed in claimed 16. wherein the case of a three phase consumer the ELCB [1] serves as partial overall earth leakage protection to all distribution circuits of that particular phase of the DB with a minimum leakage current level for trip is 30 mA.
18. The system as claimed in claimed 1. wherein outgoing feeder circuit phase and neutral are directly connected to the terminal of unbalance two pole leakage current MCB [10 or I I or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15] and earth wire to dedicated earth terminals [ei to e6] of each outgoing circuit [OG- 1, OG-2, OG-3, OG-4; OG-5; OG-6].
19. The system as claimed in claimed 1. wherein if any phase to earth fault before the earth leakage current MCBs [10 to 15], the ELCB [1] trips instantaneously and for any neutral to earth fault in that above location the ELCB [1] trips after reaching the leakage above 30mA.
20. The system as claimed iri claim 1 provides grid supply source and secondary supply source in same distribution board as well as same MCBs delivering both supplies to certain loads through a manual changeover switch.
21. The System as claimed in claimed 1 feed heavy load always through grid supply and light loads by either solar supply or grid supply through manual change over switch.
22. The system as claimed in claimed 1 with a three phase grid supply [A] comprises of: at least three independent single phase supply [Al, A2, A3] and a single phase secondary supply looped as [Bl, B2, B3] correspondingly to create independent single phase distribution board with source supply [Al-Bl], [A2-B2] and [A3-B3] in a common domestic distribution board [19].
PCT/IN2019/000012 2018-08-02 2019-05-27 Low voltage domestic board integrated with multilevel protection and multiple source WO2020026258A1 (en)

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IN201841029024 2018-08-02
IN201841029024 2018-08-02

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023161951A1 (en) * 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 Narayanan Surendran Protected distribution board integrated with low voltage load power distribution system

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070081281A1 (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-12 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Ground-fault circuit-interrupter system for three-phase electrical power systems
US20090058191A1 (en) * 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Briggs And Stratton Corporation Transfer switch

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070081281A1 (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-12 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Ground-fault circuit-interrupter system for three-phase electrical power systems
US20090058191A1 (en) * 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Briggs And Stratton Corporation Transfer switch

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023161951A1 (en) * 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 Narayanan Surendran Protected distribution board integrated with low voltage load power distribution system

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