WO2020025116A1 - Salt-water fuel cell - Google Patents

Salt-water fuel cell Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020025116A1
WO2020025116A1 PCT/EP2018/070788 EP2018070788W WO2020025116A1 WO 2020025116 A1 WO2020025116 A1 WO 2020025116A1 EP 2018070788 W EP2018070788 W EP 2018070788W WO 2020025116 A1 WO2020025116 A1 WO 2020025116A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
salt
water
electrolytic solution
water fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/070788
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Paul Alberts
Original Assignee
Brandbase B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brandbase B.V. filed Critical Brandbase B.V.
Priority to PCT/EP2018/070788 priority Critical patent/WO2020025116A1/en
Publication of WO2020025116A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020025116A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
    • H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H01M12/065—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes

Definitions

  • batteries are disposed in large numbers, and are known to contain toxic or corrosive materials. Batteries are known that contain toxic metals such as cadmium and mercury, lead and lithium, which become hazardous waste and pose threats to health and the environment if improperly disposed.
  • the present invention is directed to a salt-water fuel cell including non-toxic, biodegradable materials magnesium as cathode body and carbon as anode body, and oxygen from air and salt-water as reaction agent and electrolytic solutions.
  • the cathode body includes: a first layer including a porous body formed by conductive carbon material, and a second layer including a porous body formed by mixing activated carbon, the second layer being in contact with the electrolytic solution; a magnesium alloy positioned below the electrolyte.
  • electrical conduction is achieved by adding an electrolytic solution such a salt-water to the fuel cell via a water-permeable lid in the outer frame of the fuel cell.
  • the outer frame contains a detachable lid that provides a method to drain material resultant from the chemical reaction in the fuel cell.
  • the magnesium alloy anode body and the carbon cathode body can be reused to perform a second and third reaction separated in time from each other and the first reaction, when the electrolytic solution is reapplied.
  • any or all of the components of the fuel cell comprising the magnesium alloy anode body, the fibrous membrane to retain the electrolytic solution, and the carbon cathode body can be replaced for a new instance of named component.
  • the salt-water fuel cell further may include an electromotive engine electrically connected to the cathode body and the anode body.
  • Components of the salt-water fuel cell are not limited to the above-described components, and any other component used for an item of this type may be used.
  • the lengths of the components in the embodiments may be appropriately changed in accordance with a required amount of electromotive force.
  • the salt-water fuel cell may be used as a power supply device for light appliances.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the top of the salt-water fuel cell.
  • the fuel cell consists of an outer casing with detachable lid.
  • the casing is air-permeable, allowing for input of oxygen and output of reaction gas; and water-permeable, allowing for injection of a predetermined amount of the electrolytic solution, like salt-water, serving as an oxidation catalyst.
  • the circular holes in the top cover allow for the salt-water injection.
  • FIG. 2 is a photo of the top of the salt-water fuel cell.
  • the battery pack casing is composed of thermoplastic polymer, like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, CAS registry number 9003-56-9). Through the slots and holes the inside of the fuel cell is displayed with the magnesium anode body and carbon anode body visible, and in between the absorption membrane.
  • ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  • Figure 3 is the exploded view of the components of the salt-water battery. From top to bottom these include:
  • FIG 4 is the perspective view of the battery case top.
  • the battery pack casing is composed of thermoplastic polymer, like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, CAS registry number 9003-56-9).
  • Figure 5 is a photo of the salt-water fuel cell with the top casing removed to display the carbon composite cathode body on top of the fibrous membrane and in the upper right corner the magnesium anode plate.
  • FIG 6 is the perspective view of the carbon plate that forms the cathode body.
  • the cathode body having a thin-rectangular plate shape is composed of a composite material, like graphite (CAS registry number 7782-42-5). Other carbon materials, like carbon black (CAS registry number 1333-86-4) may also be used.
  • the cathode includes a first layer formed by conductive carbon and a second layer formed by activated carbon.
  • Figure 7 is a photo of the salt-water fuel cell with the top casing removed and the carbon composite cathode body taken out, displaying the fibrous membrane in the bottom casing, and in the upper right corner the magnesium anode plate.
  • Figure 8 is the perspective view of the absorption membrane.
  • the membrane a sheet-shaped body composed of fibrous material, like polyethylene glycol (CAS registry number 25322-68-3), and retains the electrolytic solution to prolong the electrical conduction.
  • Figure 9 is a photo of the salt-water fuel cell with the top casing removed and the carbon composite cathode body and fibrous membrane taken out, displaying the magnesium anode plate in the bottom casing.
  • Figure 10 Is the perspective view of the conductive metal anode.
  • the anode having a thin-rectangular plate shape is composed of a 0.5 mm foil of magnesium alloy AZ31 (CAS registry number 7439-95-4). Characteristics of the material beneficial for the invention are high corrosion and tarnish resistance and a high working voltage.
  • Figure 11 is a photo of the individual components of the salt-water fuel cell with from left to right: the bottom casing, the magnesium anode plate, the absorption membrane, the carbon composite cathode body, and the top casing.
  • Figure 12 is the perspective view of the battery case bottom.
  • the casing is air-permeable, allowing for input of oxygen and output of reaction gas.
  • the case bottom is detachable to allow for the drainage of resultant material like magnesium hydroxide and for replacement of the fuel cell components.
  • FIG. 13 is a photo of the bottom of the salt-water fuel cell.
  • the battery pack casing is composed of thermoplastic polymer, like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, CAS registry number 9003-56-9).
  • ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  • the bottom casing is detachable from the top casing and is air-permeable, allowing for input of oxygen and output of reaction gas.
  • the mechanism to fasten or detach the case bottom from the outer frame has a swan neck shape to lock the lid in default state and release when pressure at the designated press area is applied.
  • Figure 14 is the bottom view of an example of the battery case as placed in a toy car with the lid removably inserted in the out frame of the toy car.
  • Components of the salt-water fuel cell are not limited to the above-described components, and any other component used for an item of this type may be used.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell that generates power by using salt-water as electrolytic solution absorbed between a water-repellant carbon composite cathode, and a magnesium alloy anode; and the housing of aforementioned fuel cell that is air permeable and allows for drainage of resultant material from the chemical reaction and reuse of the cathode and anode materials in a second and third reaction when the electrolytic solution is reapplied.

Description

Title of Invention: SALT-WATER FUEL CELL
Description
Problem
Due to the rapid increase in portable power-consuming products including toys there is an increasing global demand for batteries. These batteries are disposed in large numbers, and are known to contain toxic or corrosive materials. Batteries are known that contain toxic metals such as cadmium and mercury, lead and lithium, which become hazardous waste and pose threats to health and the environment if improperly disposed.
Solution
The present invention is directed to a salt-water fuel cell including non-toxic, biodegradable materials magnesium as cathode body and carbon as anode body, and oxygen from air and salt-water as reaction agent and electrolytic solutions.
In the salt-water fuel cell according to the present invention, the cathode body includes: a first layer including a porous body formed by conductive carbon material, and a second layer including a porous body formed by mixing activated carbon, the second layer being in contact with the electrolytic solution; a magnesium alloy positioned below the electrolyte.
According to an aspect of the present invention electrical conduction is achieved by adding an electrolytic solution such a salt-water to the fuel cell via a water-permeable lid in the outer frame of the fuel cell.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the outer frame contains a detachable lid that provides a method to drain material resultant from the chemical reaction in the fuel cell.
According to still another aspect of the present invention the magnesium alloy anode body and the carbon cathode body can be reused to perform a second and third reaction separated in time from each other and the first reaction, when the electrolytic solution is reapplied. According to still another aspect of the present invention any or all of the components of the fuel cell comprising the magnesium alloy anode body, the fibrous membrane to retain the electrolytic solution, and the carbon cathode body can be replaced for a new instance of named component.
According to a still another aspect of the present invention, the salt-water fuel cell further may include an electromotive engine electrically connected to the cathode body and the anode body.
Components of the salt-water fuel cell are not limited to the above-described components, and any other component used for an item of this type may be used. The lengths of the components in the embodiments may be appropriately changed in accordance with a required amount of electromotive force. The salt-water fuel cell may be used as a power supply device for light appliances.
Description
The drawings illustrate embodiments of the present invention including optional and preferred embodiments as well as essential features of the invention.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the top of the salt-water fuel cell. The fuel cell consists of an outer casing with detachable lid. The casing is air-permeable, allowing for input of oxygen and output of reaction gas; and water-permeable, allowing for injection of a predetermined amount of the electrolytic solution, like salt-water, serving as an oxidation catalyst. The circular holes in the top cover allow for the salt-water injection.
Figure 2 is a photo of the top of the salt-water fuel cell. The battery pack casing is composed of thermoplastic polymer, like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, CAS registry number 9003-56-9). Through the slots and holes the inside of the fuel cell is displayed with the magnesium anode body and carbon anode body visible, and in between the absorption membrane.
Figure 3 is the exploded view of the components of the salt-water battery. From top to bottom these include:
1. Battery case top
2. Carbon composite cathode plate
3. Fibrous absorption membrane
4. Magnesium alloy anode plate
5. Battery case bottom
Figure 4 is the perspective view of the battery case top. The battery pack casing is composed of thermoplastic polymer, like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, CAS registry number 9003-56-9).
Figure 5 is a photo of the salt-water fuel cell with the top casing removed to display the carbon composite cathode body on top of the fibrous membrane and in the upper right corner the magnesium anode plate.
Figure 6 is the perspective view of the carbon plate that forms the cathode body. The cathode body having a thin-rectangular plate shape is composed of a composite material, like graphite (CAS registry number 7782-42-5). Other carbon materials, like carbon black (CAS registry number 1333-86-4) may also be used. The cathode includes a first layer formed by conductive carbon and a second layer formed by activated carbon.
Figure 7 is a photo of the salt-water fuel cell with the top casing removed and the carbon composite cathode body taken out, displaying the fibrous membrane in the bottom casing, and in the upper right corner the magnesium anode plate. Figure 8 is the perspective view of the absorption membrane. The membrane a sheet-shaped body composed of fibrous material, like polyethylene glycol (CAS registry number 25322-68-3), and retains the electrolytic solution to prolong the electrical conduction.
Figure 9 is a photo of the salt-water fuel cell with the top casing removed and the carbon composite cathode body and fibrous membrane taken out, displaying the magnesium anode plate in the bottom casing.
Figure 10 Is the perspective view of the conductive metal anode. The anode having a thin-rectangular plate shape is composed of a 0.5 mm foil of magnesium alloy AZ31 (CAS registry number 7439-95-4). Characteristics of the material beneficial for the invention are high corrosion and tarnish resistance and a high working voltage.
Figure 11 is a photo of the individual components of the salt-water fuel cell with from left to right: the bottom casing, the magnesium anode plate, the absorption membrane, the carbon composite cathode body, and the top casing.
Figure 12 is the perspective view of the battery case bottom. The casing is air-permeable, allowing for input of oxygen and output of reaction gas. The case bottom is detachable to allow for the drainage of resultant material like magnesium hydroxide and for replacement of the fuel cell components.
Figure 13 is a photo of the bottom of the salt-water fuel cell. The battery pack casing is composed of thermoplastic polymer, like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, CAS registry number 9003-56-9). The bottom casing is detachable from the top casing and is air-permeable, allowing for input of oxygen and output of reaction gas. The mechanism to fasten or detach the case bottom from the outer frame has a swan neck shape to lock the lid in default state and release when pressure at the designated press area is applied.
Figure 14 is the bottom view of an example of the battery case as placed in a toy car with the lid removably inserted in the out frame of the toy car.
Components of the salt-water fuel cell are not limited to the above-described components, and any other component used for an item of this type may be used.

Claims

Claims The invention claimed is:
1. A salt-water fuel cell comprising: an outer frame with detachable lid; a cathode body of composite material, including: a first layer including a porous body formed by conductive carbon material and a second layer including a porous body formed by activated carbon, the second layer being in contact with the electrolytic solution; a fibrous membrane to retain the electrolytic solution; and an anode body of magnesium alloy positioned below the electrolyte.
2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 wherein electrical conduction is achieved by adding the electrolytic solution, specifically salt-water.
3. The salt-water fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein the lid is air-permeable, allowing for input of oxygen and output of reaction gas, and water-permeable, allowing for injection of the electrolytic solution, and the lid is detachable to allow for the drainage of resultant material from the chemical reaction within the fuel cell.
4. The salt-water fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein an electrode plate made of metal is coupled to an end of the anode body and an end of the cathode body via a fixing member.
5. The salt-water fuel cell according to claim 1 , produces electromotive force, powering an electric toy car engine connected to the cathode body and the anode body.
PCT/EP2018/070788 2018-07-31 2018-07-31 Salt-water fuel cell WO2020025116A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2018/070788 WO2020025116A1 (en) 2018-07-31 2018-07-31 Salt-water fuel cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2018/070788 WO2020025116A1 (en) 2018-07-31 2018-07-31 Salt-water fuel cell

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020025116A1 true WO2020025116A1 (en) 2020-02-06

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/EP2018/070788 WO2020025116A1 (en) 2018-07-31 2018-07-31 Salt-water fuel cell

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2020025116A1 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015138772A (en) * 2014-01-20 2015-07-30 稲畑産業株式会社 Eco magnesium air battery
US20150340704A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2015-11-26 Aqua Power System, Japan Magnesium-air fuel cell
US20180163935A1 (en) * 2016-12-09 2018-06-14 Infomercials, Inc. Combined Flashlight and Lantern

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150340704A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2015-11-26 Aqua Power System, Japan Magnesium-air fuel cell
JP2015138772A (en) * 2014-01-20 2015-07-30 稲畑産業株式会社 Eco magnesium air battery
US20180163935A1 (en) * 2016-12-09 2018-06-14 Infomercials, Inc. Combined Flashlight and Lantern

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