WO2020021592A1

WO2020021592A1 - Measurement device and method

Info

Publication number: WO2020021592A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/027476
Authority: WO
Inventors: 高橋　真吾; ムルトゥザペトラードワラー; 鈴木　亮太; 滋河本
Original assignee: 日本電気株式会社
Priority date: 2018-07-23
Filing date: 2018-07-23
Publication date: 2020-01-30
Also published as: JP7070680B2; JPWO2020021592A1

Abstract

This invention makes it possible to measure a current in synchronization with a voltage without measuring the voltage. A device having a prescribed current pattern that appears in synchronization with a current frequency is connected to a power supply line from a distribution board. The prescribed current pattern is detected from a current waveform measured using an ammeter that measures the current at the distribution board. Information about the voltage phase at the distribution board is acquired.

Description

Measuring device and method

The present invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method.

技術 A technique is used in which the power consumption and the current consumption waveform are monitored by sensors installed on the distribution board, and the power consumption and the operation state of each electric appliance are estimated based on the characteristic amount and the like. In order to compare and analyze the current waveform in a time series, it is necessary to measure the current waveform based on the phase of the voltage. In measuring the current waveform, it is preferable to accurately grasp the phase delay with respect to the voltage waveform. It is known that when the phase delay with respect to the voltage waveform is inaccurate, the calculation cost for estimating the current waveform increases, and the estimation accuracy also decreases, which is not practical.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 12, it is desirable to measure current and voltage simultaneously. FIG. 12 schematically shows an example of a power measurement system in a three-phase four-wire connection. A current waveform and a voltage waveform are monitored by an ammeter 101 and a voltmeter 102 installed on a breaker 105 of a distribution board that supplies power to a load 104 such as an electric device. Generally, a non-contact type sensor such as a CT (Current Transformer) is used for the ammeter 101. In the CT, for example, an alternating current (secondary current) according to the turns ratio flows through the secondary winding so as to cancel a magnetic flux generated in the magnetic core due to the alternating current flowing through the conductor (primary side). Measure the voltage (proportional to the current flowing through the conductor) generated across the resistor by the secondary current. In addition, the ammeter 101 may be connected to the main trunk of the distribution board instead of the branch wiring. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of three-phase four-wire current waveforms I1, I2, I3 and voltage waveforms V1, V2, V3 to the load 104 measured by the ammeter 101 and the voltmeter 102.

場合 When measuring the line voltage with the voltmeter 102 as in the example of FIG. Installation of the voltage measurement cable requires construction by an electrician. Although it is possible to obtain voltage information by measuring the voltage of the wiring network, distribution boards generally do not have power outlets, and new construction is required for measurement with a voltmeter. .

In order to solve the problem of installing voltage sensors in distribution boards, a method has been known to acquire the current waveform in synchronization with the voltage waveform using a non-contact type voltage / current sensor using stray capacitance generated between the electric wire and the sensor. (Patent Document 1).

According to Patent Document 1, it is possible to measure the current waveform in synchronization with the voltage waveform, but the stray capacitance varies depending on the thickness and material of the electric wire and the mounting method, and the phase delay after the sensor is installed is reduced. Although the value is constant, it is described that the value differs depending on the installation environment. In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to know only from a non-contact measurement result because a phase delay between a current waveform and a voltage waveform has an environment dependency. To solve this problem, Patent Document 1 discloses a device and a method for estimating a phase delay between a voltage and a current for estimating a phase delay between a voltage waveform and a current waveform using a non-contact type voltage / current sensor. It has been disclosed. In Patent Literature 1, a power factor between a measured current waveform and a voltage waveform having a phase delay is calculated, and a phase delay at which the power factor is maximized is estimated as a true value. As described above, in Patent Document 1, the voltage waveform and the current waveform are measured using the non-contact type voltage sensor and the current sensor, and the phase delay between them is estimated.

JP 2016-033488 A

比較 In order to compare and analyze current waveforms in time series, it is necessary to measure current waveforms based on voltage phases.

測定 As mentioned above, to measure the voltage at the distribution board, a qualified person (electrical work) is required to install the voltage measurement cable.

In addition, distribution boards often do not have power outlets, and new construction is required.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method that enable analysis of a measured current waveform without measuring a voltage.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a device having a predetermined current pattern that appears in synchronization with a current frequency is connected to a power supply line from a distribution board,
The apparatus further includes means for detecting the predetermined current pattern from a current waveform measured by an ammeter for measuring a current in the distribution board, and acquiring a phase information of a voltage in the distribution board, A measuring device is provided.

According to the present invention, a device having a predetermined current pattern that appears in synchronization with a current frequency is connected to a power supply line from a distribution board,
Measure the current in the distribution board with an ammeter,
A measurement method is provided for detecting the predetermined current pattern from a current waveform measured by an ammeter and acquiring phase information of a voltage at the distribution board.

According to the present invention, it is possible to analyze the measured current waveform without measuring the voltage.

(A), (B) is a figure explaining

exemplary Embodiment

1 and 2 of this invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating

exemplary embodiments

1 and 2 of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a modified example of the first and second exemplary embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of applying

exemplary embodiments

1 and 2 of the present invention to a three-phase four-wire system. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an output from a measurement device. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an exemplary embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment 3 of the present invention. (A), (B), (C) is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment 3 of the present invention. It is a figure explaining an example of a power measuring system. It is a figure explaining an example of a power measuring system.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<First embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1A shows an example of single-phase two-wire connection for ease of description. Referring to FIG. 1A, a non-contact type ammeter 101 such as a CT (Current Transformer) detects, for example, an AC current flowing through a power supply line from an AC power supply 103, and converts the AC current to, for example, a resistor terminal. It is supplied to the measuring device 110 as an inter-voltage. In FIG. 1A, the ammeter 101 detects the current of the power supply line 106-1 of the breaker 105 of the distribution board in a non-contact manner.

(2) An apparatus (device) 200 having a current consumption characteristic of a predetermined pattern that appears in synchronization with the current frequency is connected to the power outlet 107 connected to the power supply line 106-2 downstream of the breaker 105. That is, by connecting (inserting) the power plug 201 of the device 200 to the power outlet 107, the device 200 is connected to the power line 106-2.

Although not particularly limited, the device 200 may be configured with an inverter or the like as illustrated in FIG. In FIG. 1B, the switching elements S1-S4 may be IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) or MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors). A load element is connected to a connection point between the switching elements S1 and S2 and a connection point between the switching elements S3 and S4. When the switching elements S1 and S4 are simultaneously turned on, the switching elements S2 and S3 are turned off, and a current flows from the DC power supply (V _DC ) in the direction of the switching element S1, the load, and the switching element S4, and the switching elements S2 and S3 Are simultaneously turned on, the switching elements S1 and S4 are turned off, and a current flows from the DC power supply (V _DC ) to the switching element S3, the load, and the switching element S2. In FIG. 1B, an AC (Alternate Current) -DC (Direct Current) converter for converting an AC power supply to a DC power supply (V _DC ) is omitted. Although not particularly limited, the device 200 may include a self-excited converter (inverter) that does not consume reactive power, an inductor element, a capacitor element, and the like. The device 200 synchronizes with the power supply frequency of the AC power supply 103 (50 Hz (Hertz) / 60 Hz), stores power at a predetermined timing, releases the stored power at another timing, and returns the power to the AC power supply 103. It may be configured. As the current pattern of the device 200 is closer to 0, the power consumption can be suppressed.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the first embodiment. In FIG. 2, a waveform 141 is an AC voltage waveform at the distribution board. A waveform 142 is a current waveform measured by the ammeter 101 (a current waveform measured on the distribution board).

Reference numerals

143 and 144 represent predetermined current patterns in the device 200 that appear in synchronization with the current frequency. The

current patterns

143 and 144 appear at phases θa and θb from the start point of the AC current cycle, and are superimposed on the current consumption of the load 104. The pattern of the current waveform that the device 200 consumes at a predetermined timing in synchronization with the current frequency is arbitrary such as a sine wave, a square wave, and a triangular wave. A simple isolated pattern is preferred. In addition, at least one current pattern unique to the device 200 may be arranged in one cycle of the AC power supply cycle. As described above, as the

current patterns

143 and 144 have a power factor closer to 0, the power consumption can be suppressed.

The measuring device 110 detects the

current patterns

143 and 144 of the device 200 from the current waveform 142 on the distribution board measured by the ammeter 101.

The

current patterns

143 and 144 unique to the device 200 are periodic in phase with the alternating current cycle. Therefore, the phases of the

current patterns

143 and 144 are also synchronized with the AC voltage cycle. From the current pattern 143 (144), the starting point of the AC current cycle is calculated, and the AC voltage waveform 141 at the distribution board (breaker 105) is obtained (estimated). Note that the appearance timing of the current pattern unique to the device 200 may be measured in advance by a measuring device (not shown) and stored in a storage unit (not shown) of the measuring device 110.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the first embodiment. The ammeter 101 supplies an alternating current (secondary current) corresponding to the turns ratio to the secondary winding so as to cancel the magnetic flux generated in the magnetic core 1011 due to the alternating current flowing through the power supply line 106 (primary side). Then, the voltage generated across the resistor RL due to the secondary current is output as the detected current. In the measuring device 110, the amplifier 111 amplifies the voltage between terminals (AC voltage) of the resistor RL. An analog / digital converter (Analog / Digital / Converter: ADC) 112 converts the voltage from the amplifier 111 into a digital signal.

(4) The current pattern detection unit 113 analyzes a digital signal from the ADC 112, detects a current pattern unique to the device 200, and acquires timing information thereof. That is, the current pattern detection unit 113 calculates the position in one cycle (360 degrees) of the current waveform of the current pattern unique to the device 200. It is assumed that the delay (phase) from the zero-cross point of the AC voltage waveform is known as the current pattern unique to the device 200 (it may be configured to measure in advance and store and set in the measuring device 110). That is, the appearance timing information (delay, phase information) of the

current patterns

143 and 144 in the alternating current cycle is measured in advance and stored in the measuring device 110.

The phase detection unit 114 calculates the start point of the AC current cycle based on, for example, the timing information (phase information) of the appearance of the detected current pattern 143 (144), and determines the AC current and the distribution board that has not been measured. The phase difference of the AC voltage waveform at is estimated. In this case, the AC voltage may be generated with the start point of the AC current cycle as the start point (zero cross point) of the AC voltage cycle (the phase difference is 0). Alternatively, an AC voltage waveform that maximizes the power factor may be calculated for the AC current waveform for which the start point of the cycle has been calculated, and a phase difference from the AC current waveform may be obtained. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to estimate the AC voltage without measuring the AC voltage, and to analyze an AC current waveform synchronized with the AC voltage.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the first embodiment. In the modification of FIG. 4, in addition to the configuration of FIG. 3, a voltage generation unit 115 that generates an AC voltage having a calculated phase difference is provided. The voltage generator 115 generates and outputs a voltage waveform (digital signal waveform) having a phase difference detected by the phase detector 114 with respect to the current waveform acquired by the ammeter 101. The voltage generator 115 may generate an AC voltage waveform that maximizes the power factor. The current waveform is output by delaying the digital signal from the ADC 112 by the delay circuit 116. The delay circuit 116 has a delay time corresponding to a processing delay in the current pattern detection unit 113, the phase detection unit 114, and the voltage generation unit 115. Note that the voltage generator 115 may be configured to output a voltage converted to an analog signal by a digital-to-analog converter. In this case, the current waveform may be output from the output of the amplifier 111 via the delay circuit 116. According to the first embodiment, the measuring device 110 is configured as a battery-driven device.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a three-phase four-wire current measurement system. In FIG. 5, contactless ammeters 101-1 to 101-3 are arranged on power lines L1, L2, and L3 of the three-phase power supply, and current waveforms Ii are output from measuring devices 110-1 to 110-3. (I = 1 to 3) and a voltage waveform Vi (i = 1 to 3) synchronized with the current waveform Ii are output.

FIG. 6 shows three-phase current waveforms Ii (i = 1 to 3) output from measuring devices 110-1 to 110-3 and three-phase voltage waveforms generated by measuring devices 110-1 to 110-3. Vi (i = 1 to 3).

According to the present embodiment, it is possible to analyze the measured current waveform without measuring the AC voltage. According to the present embodiment, the AC voltage can be calculated (estimated) from the measured current waveform without measuring the AC voltage, and the current can be measured at a timing synchronized with the AC voltage. The embodiment for enabling the analysis of the measured current waveform without measuring the voltage is not limited to the above, and the following method is also applicable.

<Embodiment 2>
An exemplary embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described. The basic configuration is similar to that of FIG. However, in the first embodiment, the device 200 connected to the power outlet 107 is configured to output a predetermined current pattern at a timing synchronized with the AC current cycle, whereas in the second embodiment, the device 200 is connected to the power outlet 107. The connected device 200 consumes current in a desired pattern in synchronization with the AC voltage frequency. The device 200 may be an inverter or the like. Alternatively, the device 200 may be a self-excited converter (such as an inverter) that does not consume reactive power, an inductor element, a capacitor element, or the like. As in the first embodiment, the power consumption of the desired current pattern can be suppressed as the power factor is closer to zero.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the second embodiment. In FIG. 7, a waveform 131 is a voltage waveform (AC voltage waveform) supplied from the power supply 103 to the distribution board. A waveform 132 is a current waveform measured by the ammeter 101. 133 and 134 represent current patterns of a predetermined shape in the device 200 that appear at timing synchronized with the AC voltage waveform 131. In the second embodiment, the

current patterns

133 and 134 appear with phases θa and θb from the start point of the AC voltage cycle. Note that the pattern of the current waveform consumed by the device 200 in synchronization with the phase of the voltage is arbitrary such as a sine wave, a square wave, and a triangular wave. . In addition, at least one current pattern unique to the device 200 may be arranged in one cycle of the AC power supply cycle.

The measuring device 110 detects the current pattern of the device 200 from the current waveform at the distribution board measured by the ammeter 101, and detects the phase information (AC voltage) of the AC voltage at the distribution board (breaker 105) from the current pattern. (Lead to current) is calculated. Note that the phase difference between the AC voltage at the power outlet 107 and the AC voltage at the distribution board in FIG.

In FIG. 7, it is assumed that the

current patterns

133 and 134 unique to the device 200 are phase-synchronized with the AC voltage. The

current patterns

133 and 134 are periodic. Therefore, by detecting the appearance positions of the

current patterns

133 and 134, the AC voltage waveform at the distribution board can be estimated. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, when the measured appearance position (phase) of the current pattern 133 is θc, based on the difference (θa−θc) from the original current pattern 133 phase θa from the starting point of the AC cycle. In addition, it is possible to estimate the phase difference between the AC voltage waveform and the AC current waveform in the distribution board. As in the first embodiment, the appearance timing of the current pattern unique to the device 200 may be measured in advance by a measuring device (not shown) and stored in a storage unit (not shown) of the measuring device 110.

基本 The basic configuration of the measuring device 110 of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 4, in measurement device 110, amplifier 111 amplifies the voltage between terminals (AC voltage) of resistor RL through which current detected by ammeter 101 flows. The ADC 112 converts the voltage from the amplifier 111 into a digital signal. The current pattern detection unit 113 analyzes a digital signal from the ADC 112, detects a current pattern unique to the device 200, and acquires timing information (phase information) thereof.

遅延 It is assumed that delays in the current cycles of the current patterns 133 and 134 (the phases θa and θb in FIG. 7) are known in advance. That is, it is assumed that the phase information such as the phases θc and θd of the

current patterns

133 and 134 in FIG. 8 are measured in advance and set in the measuring device 110.

The phase detection unit 114, based on the detected timing information (phase information) of the appearance of the current pattern 133 (134) of the device 200, detects the current waveform 132 measured by the distribution board and the voltage waveform by the distribution board. A phase difference 131 (not measured, calculated based on the current waveform 132) is calculated. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to analyze a current waveform synchronized with the AC voltage without measuring the AC voltage.

Note that, similarly to FIG. 5, the second embodiment may be configured to include the voltage generation unit 115 that generates the AC voltage having the detected phase difference. In this case, an AC voltage waveform that maximizes the power factor may be generated. Further, also in the second embodiment, the measuring device 110 may be configured as a battery-driven device.

<Embodiment 3>
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the third embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 9, in the third embodiment, the device 200 (connected to a power outlet) in FIG. 1A is deleted. The measurement device 110 performs a Fourier transform on the current waveform acquired by the ammeter 101 to convert the current waveform into a frequency domain. Then, measuring apparatus 110 adjusts the entire phase component so that the AC power supply frequency component becomes 0 with respect to the phase component of the frequency spectrum, and performs an inverse Fourier transform on the frequency spectrum obtained by adjusting the entire phase component. A current waveform in the time domain is obtained, and a current waveform (I) is output. In the following, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used as the Fourier transform, but a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) may be used.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the third embodiment. Referring to FIG. 10, in the ammeter 101, the alternating current according to the turns ratio is applied to the secondary winding so as to cancel the magnetic flux generated in the magnetic core 1011 by the alternating current flowing through the power supply line 106 (primary side). (Secondary current) flows, and a voltage generated across the resistor RL due to the secondary current is output as a detected current value. In the measuring device 110, the amplifier 111 amplifies the voltage between terminals (AC voltage) of the resistor RL. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 112 converts the voltage from the amplifier 111 into a digital signal. The FFT operation unit 117 calculates a digital signal sequence x (0), x (T), x (2T), x ((N−1) T) from the ADC 112 (where T is a sampling period and N is the number of sampling points). To perform an FFT operation. If the sampling frequency is Fs, it is given by Fs = 1 / T.

Assuming that the number of points in the FFT is N, the result (Fourier coefficient) of performing an FFT operation on the digital signal sequence x (nT) (n = 0,..., N−1): X (ω _k ): ω _k = 2πk / ( X (k) in (N × T) (k = 0,..., N−1). X (k) is divided into a real part and an imaginary part,

... (1)

(J ² = −1), the phase component is

... (2)
Given by

The amplitude component (gain)

... (3)

Given by

The phase adjustment unit 118 calculates each frequency component such that the phase component of the AC power supply frequency (f ₀ = 50 Hz / 60 Hz) becomes zero.

Specifically, the following is calculated for the AC power supply frequency (f ₀ = 50 Hz / 60 Hz) and the phase component of its harmonic component.

···(Four)

(I = 1,..., M, where M × f ₀ ≦ Nyquist frequency = Fs / 2).

Here, assuming that the AC power supply frequency f ₀ is q times 1 / N of the sampling frequency Fs (f ₀ = q × Fs / N), ψ (i × f ₀ ) in the equation (4) is a coefficient X (ω _i ): ω _i = 2πq × i / (N × T) (i = 1,..., M, where M ≦ q / 2).

The IFFT operation unit 119 includes an AC power supply frequency (f ₀ ) and a frequency spectrum in which the phase component of its harmonic component is adjusted.

... (5)
(K = 0, ..., N-1)
Is subjected to an IFFT operation to return to a time-domain waveform (time-series data).

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the third embodiment. In FIG. 11A, a waveform 131 is an AC voltage waveform supplied from the power supply 103 to the distribution board. A waveform 132 is a current waveform measured by the ammeter 101.

利得 The gain 301 and the phase 302 in FIG. 11B are diagrams schematically illustrating the result of performing an FFT operation on the waveform 132 (the gain is given by equation (3) and the phase is given by equation (2)).

The gain 301 in FIG. 11C is the same as the gain 301 in FIG. A phase 303 in FIG. 11C schematically shows the result of adjusting the entire phase so that the phase of the power supply frequency component becomes 0 with respect to the phase 302 in FIG. 11B. In FIG. 11C, the phase calculation of the above equation (4) is illustrated for the harmonic frequency component of the AC power supply frequency f ₀ , but the harmonics of the AC power supply frequency depend on the sampling frequency. For the frequencies other than the components, the phase calculation of the above equation (4) may be performed. That is, for the Nyquist frequency (= Fs / 2) following a phase component of each frequency spectrum, the value obtained by subtracting the phase component of the AC power source frequency f ₀ may be the phase component.

According to the third embodiment, the phase of the AC current is known by shifting the phase of the AC power supply frequency component from the current waveform to a known value (for example, 0) by level-shifting the entire phase component in the frequency domain. Can be set to the value. The FFT operation unit 117, the phase adjustment unit 118, and the IFFT operation unit 119 may be realized by a processor such as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor). According to the third embodiment, the measuring device 110 can be configured as a battery-driven device.

An AC voltage that maximizes the power factor may be generated for an AC current waveform obtained by performing an IFFT operation on a frequency spectrum obtained by adjusting a phase component of the entire frequency domain based on a phase component of an AC power supply frequency component. .

The disclosure of Patent Document 1 is incorporated herein by reference. Modifications and adjustments of the embodiments or examples are possible within the framework of the entire disclosure (including the claims) of the present invention and based on the basic technical concept thereof. Further, various combinations or selections of various disclosed elements (including each element of each claim, each element of each embodiment, each element of each drawing, and the like) are possible within the scope of the claims of the present invention. . That is, the present invention naturally includes various variations and modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art according to the entire disclosure including the claims and the technical idea.

101, 101-1 to 101-3 Ammeter 102 Voltmeter 103 Power supply (AC power supply)
104 Load 105 Breaker 105-1 Main breaker 105-2 Branch breaker 106, 106-1, 106-2 Power line 107 Power outlet 110 Measurement device 111 Amplifier 112 ADC
113 Current pattern detection unit 114 Phase detection unit 115 Voltage generation unit 116 Delay circuit 117 FFT calculation unit 118 Phase adjustment unit 119 IFFT calculation units 131 and 141 Voltage waveform (AC voltage waveform)
132, 142 Current waveform (AC current waveform)
133, 134, 143, 144 Current pattern 200 Device (apparatus)
201 Plug 301 Gain
302, 303 Phase
1011 Magnetic core

Claims

Connect a device with a predetermined current pattern that appears in synchronization with the current frequency to the power line from the distribution board,
The apparatus further includes means for detecting the predetermined current pattern from a current waveform measured by an ammeter for measuring a current in the distribution board, and acquiring a phase information of a voltage in the distribution board, Measuring device.
The predetermined current pattern in the device is:
The appearance position in one cycle of the AC power supply frequency is set in advance, and
The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device has a shape that can be determined by being superimposed on current consumption of a load connected to the power supply line.
The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the device outputs, as the predetermined current pattern, a pattern that suppresses power consumption as the power factor is closer to 0.
4. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the ammeter measures a current in the distribution board in a non-contact manner. 5.
Connect a device with a predetermined current pattern that appears in synchronization with the current frequency to the power line from the distribution board,
From the current waveform measured by the ammeter measuring the current in the distribution board, the predetermined current pattern is detected, and the phase information of the voltage in the distribution board is acquired. .
The predetermined current pattern in the device is:
The appearance position in one cycle of the AC power supply frequency is set in advance, and
The measuring method according to claim 5, wherein the measuring method has a shape that can be distinguished by being superimposed on current consumption of a load connected to the power supply line.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the device outputs, as the predetermined current pattern, a pattern that suppresses power consumption as the power factor is closer to 0.
The measurement method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the ammeter measures the current in the distribution board in a non-contact manner.