WO2020020990A1 - Electrochemical energy accumulator - Google Patents

Electrochemical energy accumulator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020020990A1
WO2020020990A1 PCT/EP2019/069997 EP2019069997W WO2020020990A1 WO 2020020990 A1 WO2020020990 A1 WO 2020020990A1 EP 2019069997 W EP2019069997 W EP 2019069997W WO 2020020990 A1 WO2020020990 A1 WO 2020020990A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
cell
electrochemical energy
storage device
storage unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/069997
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marius Cichon
Lars BOMMER
Michael Donotek
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
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Publication of WO2020020990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020020990A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H01M10/6564—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers using compressed gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an electrochemical energy store comprising at least one electrochemical energy storage cell, a method for producing an electrochemical energy store and a use of the energy store according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • the publication DE 10 2014 213 920 A1 discloses a battery system comprising a system housing in which at least one battery module with at least one electrochemical battery cell is arranged, the at least one battery cell having a cell housing with a degassing valve, the system housing having an input line to Lead gas is connected to the system housing and wherein the system housing is connected to an output line for leading gas from the system housing and wherein a fan for guiding gas through the system housing is arranged in the output line, with an expandable in the output line Gasauf acquisition is arranged, which is expandable by gas emerging from a battery cell.
  • Air conditioning system and an energy storage device having a Kreislaufme medium, which is accommodated in a container, and wherein the circuit medium can be at least partially derived from the container by a control device, the control device of the circuit medium supplying the energy storage device to the air conditioning system.
  • the publication DE 10 2013 016 797 A1 discloses a device for emergency cooling of at least one single cell for a battery, a storage unit being provided for a pressurized coolant, and the storage unit being coupled to a first end of a line which has a blocking element , by means of which a flow in the line can be regulated and / or controlled, where at least one throttle element with at least one outflow opening for narrowing a flow cross-section of the line is arranged at a second end of the line, wherein the at least one throttle element within a housing of the Battery and / or is arranged within a single cell and / or within a component of the single cell.
  • the procedure according to the invention with the characterizing features of the independent claims has the advantage that the energy store further comprises at least one storage unit for a gas under pressure, the storage unit comprising at least one outflow opening which is closed with at least one temperature-dependent closure, the shutter opens when a predetermined temperature threshold is exceeded, whereby the outflow opening is released.
  • the storage unit and the at least one energy storage cell are cooled by the falling temperature. This means that cooling is close to one Energy storage cell possible, which overheats due to an exothermic chemical reaction ("thermal runaway").
  • the exothermic chemical reaction can occur if handled incorrectly, for example due to excessive charging current or overheating, and / or damage, for example due to an accident.
  • an energy storage cell can burn down and / or explode and, in the worst case, heat and / or ignite further energy storage cells, which can lead to a chain reaction.
  • the storage unit is advantageously filled with an inert gas and / or an inert gas mixture, in particular carbon dioxide, nitrogen and / or argon.
  • An incombustible gas has the advantage that the risk of fire and / or explosion of the energy storage cell or the energy storage device is reduced by the escaping gas. Even if thermal runaway cannot be prevented, it is particularly possible to gain time to be able to bring people to safety.
  • the outflowing gas is supplied to the at least one energy storage cell by means of at least one predetermined flow channel, as a result of which oxygen is displaced and the risk of fire and / or the explosion of the energy storage cell or the energy storage device is reduced.
  • a pressure prevailing in the storage unit is substantially higher than the ambient pressure of the energy store, for example the atmospheric pressure.
  • the storage unit, the inert gas and / or the inert gas mixture comprises at least one additive, which is advantageously distributed with the outflowing gas.
  • the additive is advantageously foaming and / or gel-forming and / or has a fire-retardant effect, for example by displacing the oxygen. As a result, the risk of fire and / or the risk of explosion of the energy storage cell or of the energy store is further reduced.
  • the energy storage cell comprises a lithium-ion, lithium-sulfur, lithium-air, lithium-polymer cell, a solid electrolyte and / or a capacitor. This further increases the operational reliability of both energy stores with a high energy density and energy stores with a high power density.
  • a method for producing an electrochemical energy store according to the invention with at least one energy storage cell comprises the following steps:
  • an electrochemical energy store according to the invention is used in electrically driven vehicles including hybrid vehicles, in stationary electrical energy storage systems, in electrically operated hand tools, in portable devices for telecommunications or data processing, and in household appliances. This can further increase security and prevent or at least delay thermal runaway.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of the energy store according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of the energy store according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of the energy store according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the energy storage device according to the invention.
  • each of the energy storage cells 101 comprises at least one electrical pole 104 arranged on one end face.
  • the cell holder is, for example, a multi-part injection molded part , which includes receiving devices for the energy storage cells, for example in the form of cylindrical recesses.
  • the electrochemical energy store 100 comprises a storage unit 102, which is closed with a temperature-dependent closure 103.
  • An inert gas is stored in the storage unit 102, the pressure prevailing in the storage being substantially higher than the ambient pressure of the energy store 100.
  • current busbars have not been shown. 1 shows the energy store 100 with a plurality of energy storage cells 101 that can be electrically connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the energy storage according to the invention. In a section of the electrochemical energy store shown
  • the 200 it comprises a plurality of electrochemical energy storage cells 201, 205 and a multiplicity of storage units 202, 206, 210.
  • the electrochemical energy storage cells 201, 205 and the storage units 202, 206, 210 are arranged in a cell holder 220 of the energy store.
  • the energy storage cells 201, 205 are arranged in such a way that adjacent rows of energy storage cells 201, 205 have a different polarity on one end face of the energy storage cells 201, 205.
  • the storage units 202, 206, 210 are arranged in spatial proximity to the energy storage cells 201, 205.
  • the storage unit 202 which comprises a temperature-dependent closure 203, is in close proximity to the energy storage cells 201 (1), 201 (2), 201 (3), 201 (4), 201 (5), 201 (6 ) arranged.
  • the storage unit 206 is arranged in close proximity to the energy storage cells 205 (2), 205 (3), 205 (6) and also comprises a temperature-dependent closure 207.
  • the storage unit 210 is arranged in spatial proximity to further energy storage cells of the energy storage 200 and also comprises a temperature-dependent closure 211.
  • 201 a predetermined temperature threshold value of the temperature-dependent closure 203, it opens, whereby the outflow opening is opened and a pressurized gas mixture flows out. Due to the cooling effect that arises, all energy storage cells 201 (1), 201 (2), 201 (3), 201 (4), 201 (5), 201 (6) arranged in spatial proximity to the storage unit 202 are cooled, as a result of which a thermal Going through these energy storage cells is prevented.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment of the energy storage device according to the invention.
  • the electro-chemical energy storage 300 shown comprises a plurality of electro-chemical energy storage cells 301 and a plurality of storage units 302.
  • a form of the storage units 302 differs from the energy storage cells 301 because the storage units 302 have the Surround energy storage cells 301.
  • the energy storage cells 301 (1), 301 (2), 301 (3), 301 (4) are surrounded by the storage units 302 (1), 302 (2), 302 (3), 302 (4).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrochemical energy accumulator (100, 200, 300) comprising at least one electrochemical energy accumulator cell (101, 201, 301), wherein the energy accumulator also comprises at least one accumulator unit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) for a pressurised gas mixture, wherein the accumulator unit has at least one out-flow opening that is closed by at least one temperature-dependent closure (103, 203, 207, 211, 303), wherein the closure opens when a predefined temperature threshold value is exceeded, whereby the out-flow opening is released. The out-flowing gas changes temperature (Joule-Thomson effect). The accumulator unit and the at least one energy accumulator cell are cooled by the reduction in temperature.

Description

Beschreibung  description
Titel title
Elektrochemischer Energiespeicher  Electrochemical energy storage
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem elektrochemischen Energiespeicher umfassend min destens eine elektrochemische Energiespeicherzelle, einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers sowie einer Verwendung des Energiespei chers gemäß dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche. The invention is based on an electrochemical energy store comprising at least one electrochemical energy storage cell, a method for producing an electrochemical energy store and a use of the energy store according to the preamble of the independent claims.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Die Druckschrift DE 10 2014 213 920 Al offenbart ein Batteriesystem, aufwei send eines Systemgehäuses, in dem wenigstens ein Batteriemodul mit wenigs tens einer elektrochemischen Batteriezelle angeordnet ist, wobei die wenigstens eine Batteriezelle ein Zellgehäuse mit einem Entgasungsventil aufweist, wobei das Systemgehäuse mit einer Eingangsleitung zum Führen von Gas in das Sys temgehäuse verbunden ist und wobei das Systemgehäuse mit einer Ausgangs leitung zum Führen von Gas aus dem Systemgehäuse verbunden ist und wobei in der Ausgangsleitung ein Lüfter zum Führen von Gas durch das Systemge häuse angeordnet ist, wobei in der Ausgangsleitung eine expandierbare Gasauf nahme angeordnet ist, welche durch aus einer Batteriezelle austretendes Gas expandierbar ist. The publication DE 10 2014 213 920 A1 discloses a battery system comprising a system housing in which at least one battery module with at least one electrochemical battery cell is arranged, the at least one battery cell having a cell housing with a degassing valve, the system housing having an input line to Lead gas is connected to the system housing and wherein the system housing is connected to an output line for leading gas from the system housing and wherein a fan for guiding gas through the system housing is arranged in the output line, with an expandable in the output line Gasauf acquisition is arranged, which is expandable by gas emerging from a battery cell.
Die Druckschrift EP 2 045 852 Al offenbart eine Anordnung, umfassend eine The document EP 2 045 852 A1 discloses an arrangement comprising one
Klimaanlage und einen Energiespeicher, wobei die Klimaanlage ein Kreislaufme dium aufweist, welches in einen Behälter aufgenommen ist, und wobei das Kreis laufmedium durch eine Steuereinrichtung zumindest teilweise aus dem Behälter ableitbar ist, wobei die Steuereinrichtung des Kreislaufmediums der Klimaanlage den Energiespeicher zuleitet. Die Druckschrift DE 10 2013 016 797 Al offenbart eine Vorrichtung zur Notküh lung von zumindest einer Einzelzelle für eine Batterie, wobei eine Speichereinheit für ein unter Druck stehendes Kühlmittel vorgesehen ist, und die Speichereinheit mit einem ersten Ende einer Leitung gekoppelt ist, die ein Sperrelement aufweist, mittels dessen eine Strömung in der Leitung regelbar und/oder steuerbar ist, wo bei an einem zweiten Ende der Leitung wenigstens ein Drosselelement mit zu mindest einer Ausströmöffnung zur Verengung eines Strömungsquerschnitts der Leitung angeordnet ist, wobei das wenigstens eine Drosselelement innerhalb ei nes Gehäuses der Batterie und/oder innerhalb einer Einzelzelle und/oder inner halb eines Bestandteils der Einzelzelle angeordnet ist. Air conditioning system and an energy storage device, the air conditioning system having a Kreislaufme medium, which is accommodated in a container, and wherein the circuit medium can be at least partially derived from the container by a control device, the control device of the circuit medium supplying the energy storage device to the air conditioning system. The publication DE 10 2013 016 797 A1 discloses a device for emergency cooling of at least one single cell for a battery, a storage unit being provided for a pressurized coolant, and the storage unit being coupled to a first end of a line which has a blocking element , by means of which a flow in the line can be regulated and / or controlled, where at least one throttle element with at least one outflow opening for narrowing a flow cross-section of the line is arranged at a second end of the line, wherein the at least one throttle element within a housing of the Battery and / or is arranged within a single cell and / or within a component of the single cell.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung den Stand der Technik weiter zu ver bessern. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen An sprüche. It is an object of the present invention to further improve the prior art. This problem is solved by the features of the independent claims.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Vorteile der Erfindung Disclosure of the Invention Advantages of the Invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorgehensweise mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, dass der Energiespeicher weiter mindestens eine Speichereinheit für ein unter Druck ste hendes Gas umfasst, wobei die Speichereinheit zumindest eine Ausströmöffnung umfasst, die mit mindestens einem temperaturabhängigen Verschluss verschlos sen ist, wobei der Verschluss beim Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Tempera turschwellwertes öffnet, wodurch die Ausströmöffnung freigegeben wird. In contrast, the procedure according to the invention with the characterizing features of the independent claims has the advantage that the energy store further comprises at least one storage unit for a gas under pressure, the storage unit comprising at least one outflow opening which is closed with at least one temperature-dependent closure, the shutter opens when a predetermined temperature threshold is exceeded, whereby the outflow opening is released.
Dadurch kann das Gas aus der unter Druck stehenden Speichereinheit ausströ men und durch eine isenthalpe Druckminderung ändert das Gas seine Tempera tur („Joule-Thomson-Effekt“).  This allows the gas to flow out of the pressurized storage unit and the gas changes its temperature through an isenthalpic pressure reduction (“Joule-Thomson effect”).
Durch die sinkende Temperatur wird die Speichereinheit sowie die mindestens eine Energiespeicherzelle abgekühlt. Dadurch ist eine Kühlung nah an einer Energiespeicherzelle möglich, die beispielsweise aufgrund einer exothermen chemischen Reaktion überhitzt („thermisches Durchgehen“). The storage unit and the at least one energy storage cell are cooled by the falling temperature. This means that cooling is close to one Energy storage cell possible, which overheats due to an exothermic chemical reaction ("thermal runaway").
Zu der exothermen chemischen Reaktion kann es bei falscher Handhabung, bei spielsweise durch einen zu hohen Ladestrom oder Überhitzung, und/oder Beschä digung, beispielsweise durch einen Unfall, kommen. Als Folge kann eine Energie speicherzelle abbrennen und/oder explodieren und im ungünstigen Fall weitere Energiespeicherzellen erhitzen und/oder entzünden, wodurch es zu einer Ketten reaktion kommen kann. The exothermic chemical reaction can occur if handled incorrectly, for example due to excessive charging current or overheating, and / or damage, for example due to an accident. As a result, an energy storage cell can burn down and / or explode and, in the worst case, heat and / or ignite further energy storage cells, which can lead to a chain reaction.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Further advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die Speichereinheit ist vorteilhafterweise mit einem inerten Gas und/oder einer inerten Gasmischung befüllt, insbesondere Kohlenstoffdioxid, Stickstoff und/oder Argon. Ein unbrennbares Gas hat den Vorteil, dass eine Brandgefahr und/oder Ex plosionsgefahr der Energiespeicherzelle bzw. des Energiespeichers durch das ausströmende Gas reduziert wird. Auch wenn ein thermisches Durchgehen nicht verhindert werden kann, so ist es insbesondere möglich Zeit zu gewinnen, um Menschen in Sicherheit bringen können. The storage unit is advantageously filled with an inert gas and / or an inert gas mixture, in particular carbon dioxide, nitrogen and / or argon. An incombustible gas has the advantage that the risk of fire and / or explosion of the energy storage cell or the energy storage device is reduced by the escaping gas. Even if thermal runaway cannot be prevented, it is particularly possible to gain time to be able to bring people to safety.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, das ausströmende Gas mittels mindestens einem vorgegebenen Strömungskanal der mindestens ei nen Energiespeicherzelle zuzuleiten, wodurch Sauerstoff verdrängt wird und die Brandgefahr und/oder die Explosionsgefahr der Energiespeicherzelle bzw. des Energiespeichers reduziert wird. In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the outflowing gas is supplied to the at least one energy storage cell by means of at least one predetermined flow channel, as a result of which oxygen is displaced and the risk of fire and / or the explosion of the energy storage cell or the energy storage device is reduced.
Ein in der Speichereinheit herrschender Druck ist wesentlich höher als der Umge bungsdruck des Energiespeichers, beispielsweise der Atmosphärendruck. A pressure prevailing in the storage unit is substantially higher than the ambient pressure of the energy store, for example the atmospheric pressure.
Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass eine isenthalpe Druckminderung stattfindet, so bald der Verschluss öffnet und die Ausströmöffnung freigibt.  This ensures that an isenthalpic pressure reduction takes place as soon as the closure opens and the outlet opening is released.
Die Speichereinheit, das inerte Gas und/oder die inerte Gasmischung umfasst zu mindest ein Additiv, das vorteilhafterweise mit dem ausströmenden Gas verteilt wird. Das Additiv ist vorteilhafterweise schäum- und/oder gelbildend und/oder wirkt brandhemmend, beispielsweise indem es den Sauerstoff verdrängt. Dadurch wird die Brandgefahr und/oder die Explosionsgefahr der Energiespeicherzelle bzw. des Energiespeichers weiter reduziert. The storage unit, the inert gas and / or the inert gas mixture comprises at least one additive, which is advantageously distributed with the outflowing gas. The additive is advantageously foaming and / or gel-forming and / or has a fire-retardant effect, for example by displacing the oxygen. As a result, the risk of fire and / or the risk of explosion of the energy storage cell or of the energy store is further reduced.
Die Energiespeicherzelle umfasst eine Lithium-Ionen-, Lithium-Schwefel-, Li- thium-Luft-, Lithium-Polymer-Zelle, einen Feststoffelektrolyten und/oder einen Kondensator. Dadurch wird eine Betriebssicherheit sowohl von Energiespeichern mit einer hohen Energiedichte, als auch von Energiespeichern mit einer hohen Leistungsdichte weiter erhöht. The energy storage cell comprises a lithium-ion, lithium-sulfur, lithium-air, lithium-polymer cell, a solid electrolyte and / or a capacitor. This further increases the operational reliability of both energy stores with a high energy density and energy stores with a high power density.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen elektrochemischen Energiespeichers mit mindestens einen Energiespeicherzelle umfasst folgende Schritte: A method for producing an electrochemical energy store according to the invention with at least one energy storage cell comprises the following steps:
a. Einsetzen der mindestens einen Energiespeicherzelle in einen Zellhalter; b. Einsetzen der mindestens einen mit einer inerten Gasmischung befüllten Spei chereinheit in den Zellhalter in räumlicher Nähe zu der mindestens einen Energiespeicherzelle; a. Inserting the at least one energy storage cell into a cell holder; b. Inserting the at least one storage unit filled with an inert gas mixture into the cell holder in spatial proximity to the at least one energy storage cell;
c. elektrisches Kontaktieren der Energiespeicherzelle mit Anschlusspolen des Energiespeichers. c. electrical contact of the energy storage cell with connection poles of the energy storage.
Dadurch kann eine Eigensicherheit eines Energiespeichers mit vergleichsweise geringem Fertigungsaufwand erreicht werden. As a result, an intrinsic safety of an energy store can be achieved with comparatively little manufacturing effort.
Vorteilhafterweise wird ein erfindungsgemäßer elektrochemischer Energiespei cher in elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeugen einschließlich Hybridfahrzeugen, in stationären elektrischen Energiespeicheranlagen, in elektrisch betriebenen Hand werkzeugen, in portablen Einrichtungen zur Telekommunikation oder Datenverar beitung sowie in Haushaltsgeräten verwendet. Dadurch kann die Sicherheit wei ter erhöht werden und ein thermisches Durchgehen verhindert bzw. zumindest verzögert werden. Advantageously, an electrochemical energy store according to the invention is used in electrically driven vehicles including hybrid vehicles, in stationary electrical energy storage systems, in electrically operated hand tools, in portable devices for telecommunications or data processing, and in household appliances. This can further increase security and prevent or at least delay thermal runaway.
Kurzbeschreibung der Figuren Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Brief description of the figures Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfin dungsgemäßen Energiespeichers; und FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of the energy store according to the invention; and
Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform des erfin dungsgemäßen Energiespeichers; FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of the energy store according to the invention;
Figur 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform des erfin dungsgemäßen Energiespeichers. FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of the energy store according to the invention.
Detaillierte Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispiele Detailed description of the exemplary embodiments
Gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen in allen Figuren gleiche Vorrichtungskompo nenten. The same reference numerals designate the same device components in all figures.
Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichers. In einem gezeigten Ausschnitt des elekt rochemischen Energiespeichers 100, der eine Vielzahl von Energiespeicherzel len 101 umfasst, die in einen Zellhalter 120 eingesetzt sind, umfasst jede der Energiespeicherzellen 101 zumindest einen auf einer Stirnseite angeordneten elektrischen Pol 104. Der Zellhalter ist beispielsweise ein mehrteilig ausgeführtes Spritzgussteil, welches Aufnahmevorrichtungen für die Energiespeicherzellen umfasst, beispielsweise in Form von zylindrischen Aussparungen. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the energy storage device according to the invention. In a section of the electro-chemical energy store 100 shown, which comprises a multiplicity of energy storage cells 101 which are inserted into a cell holder 120, each of the energy storage cells 101 comprises at least one electrical pole 104 arranged on one end face. The cell holder is, for example, a multi-part injection molded part , which includes receiving devices for the energy storage cells, for example in the form of cylindrical recesses.
Ferner umfasst der elektrochemische Energiespeicher 100 eine Speichereinheit 102, die mit einem temperaturabhängigen Verschluss 103 verschlossen ist. In der Speichereinheit 102 ist ein inertes Gas gespeichert, wobei der in der Spei- cherheit herrschende Druck wesentlich höher als der Umgebungsdruck des Energiespeicher 100 ist. Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit wurde auf eine Darstellung von Stromsammel schienen verzichtet. In Figur 1 ist der Energiespeicher 100 mit einer Mehrzahl von elektrisch in Serie und/oder parallel schaltbaren Energiespeicherzellen 101 dargestellt. Furthermore, the electrochemical energy store 100 comprises a storage unit 102, which is closed with a temperature-dependent closure 103. An inert gas is stored in the storage unit 102, the pressure prevailing in the storage being substantially higher than the ambient pressure of the energy store 100. For the sake of clarity, current busbars have not been shown. 1 shows the energy store 100 with a plurality of energy storage cells 101 that can be electrically connected in series and / or in parallel.
Figur 2 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiespei chers. In einem gezeigten Ausschnitt des elektrochemischen EnergiespeichersFigure 2 shows a second embodiment of the energy storage according to the invention. In a section of the electrochemical energy store shown
200 umfasst dieser eine Mehrzahl von elektrochemischen Energiespeicherzellen 201, 205 sowie eine Vielzahl von Speichereinheiten 202, 206, 210. Die elektro chemischen Energiespeicherzellen 201, 205 sowie die Speichereinheiten 202, 206, 210 sind in einem Zellhalter 220 des Energiespeichers angeordnet. In der gezeigten Ausführungsform sind die Energiespeicherzellen 201, 205 in einer Art angeordnet, dass benachbarte Reihen von Energiespeicherzellen 201, 205 eine unterschiedliche Polarität an einer Stirnseite der Energiespeicherzellen 201, 205 aufweisen. Die Speichereinheiten 202, 206, 210 sind in räumlicher Nähe zu den Energiespeicherzellen 201, 205 angeordnet. 200, it comprises a plurality of electrochemical energy storage cells 201, 205 and a multiplicity of storage units 202, 206, 210. The electrochemical energy storage cells 201, 205 and the storage units 202, 206, 210 are arranged in a cell holder 220 of the energy store. In the embodiment shown, the energy storage cells 201, 205 are arranged in such a way that adjacent rows of energy storage cells 201, 205 have a different polarity on one end face of the energy storage cells 201, 205. The storage units 202, 206, 210 are arranged in spatial proximity to the energy storage cells 201, 205.
So ist beispielsweise die Speichereinheit 202, die einen temperaturabhängigen Verschluss 203 umfasst, in unmittelbarer räumlicher Nähe zu den Energiespei cherzellen 201 (1), 201 (2), 201 (3), 201 (4), 201 (5), 201 (6) angeordnet. For example, the storage unit 202, which comprises a temperature-dependent closure 203, is in close proximity to the energy storage cells 201 (1), 201 (2), 201 (3), 201 (4), 201 (5), 201 (6 ) arranged.
Die Speichereinheit 206 ist in räumlicher Nähe zu den Energiespeicherzellen 205 (2), 205 (3), 205 (6) angeordnet und umfasst ebenfalls einen temperaturabhängi gen Verschluss 207. The storage unit 206 is arranged in close proximity to the energy storage cells 205 (2), 205 (3), 205 (6) and also comprises a temperature-dependent closure 207.
Die Speichereinheit 210 ist in räumlicher Nähe zu weiteren Energiespeicherzel len des Energiespeichers 200 angeordnet und umfasst ebenfalls einen tempera turabhängigen Verschluss 211. The storage unit 210 is arranged in spatial proximity to further energy storage cells of the energy storage 200 and also comprises a temperature-dependent closure 211.
Überschreitet nun eine Temperatur zumindest einer der EnergiespeicherzellenIf a temperature now exceeds at least one of the energy storage cells
201 einen vorgegebenen Temperaturschwellwert des temperaturabhängigen Verschlusses 203, so öffnet dieser, wodurch die Ausströmöffnung freigegeben wird und eine unter Druck stehende Gasmischung ausströmt. Durch den entstehenden Kühlungseffekt werden alle in räumlicher Nähe zu der Speichereinheit 202 angeordneten Energiespeicherzellen 201 (1), 201 (2), 201 (3), 201 (4), 201 (5), 201 (6) gekühlt, wodurch zuverlässig ein thermisches Durchgehen dieser Energiespeicherzellen verhindert wird. 201 a predetermined temperature threshold value of the temperature-dependent closure 203, it opens, whereby the outflow opening is opened and a pressurized gas mixture flows out. Due to the cooling effect that arises, all energy storage cells 201 (1), 201 (2), 201 (3), 201 (4), 201 (5), 201 (6) arranged in spatial proximity to the storage unit 202 are cooled, as a result of which a thermal Going through these energy storage cells is prevented.
Figur 3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichers. In einem gezeigten Ausschnitt des elekt rochemischen Energiespeichers 300, umfasst dieser eine Mehrzahl von elektro- chemischen Energiespeicherzellen 301 sowie eine Mehrzahl von Speichereinhei ten 302. In der gezeigten Ausführungsform weicht einer Form der Speicherein heiten 302 von den Energiespeicherzellen 301 ab, da die Speichereinheiten 302 die Energiespeicherzellen 301 umgeben. So werden die Energiespeicherzellen 301 (1), 301 (2), 301 (3), 301 (4) von den Speichereinheiten 302 (1), 302 (2), 302 (3), 302 (4) umgeben. Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment of the energy storage device according to the invention. In a section of the electro-chemical energy storage 300 shown, it comprises a plurality of electro-chemical energy storage cells 301 and a plurality of storage units 302. In the embodiment shown, a form of the storage units 302 differs from the energy storage cells 301 because the storage units 302 have the Surround energy storage cells 301. The energy storage cells 301 (1), 301 (2), 301 (3), 301 (4) are surrounded by the storage units 302 (1), 302 (2), 302 (3), 302 (4).
Dadurch wird vorteilhafter Weise weniger Bauraum für die Speichereinheiten be nötigt, wodurch eine bessere Kühlung von Energiespeicherzellen ermöglicht wird, die beispielsweise in einer Mitte des Energiespeichers angeordnet sind. As a result, less space is advantageously required for the storage units, which enables better cooling of energy storage cells which are arranged, for example, in a center of the energy store.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Elektrochemischer Energiespeicherspeicher (100, 200, 300) umfassend mindes tens eine elektrochemische Energiespeicherzelle (101, 201, 301), dadurch ge kennzeichnet, dass der Energiespeicher (100, 200, 300) weiter mindestens eine Speichereinheit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) für eine unter Druck stehendes Gas um fasst, wobei die Speichereinheit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) zumindest eine Aus strömöffnung umfasst, die mit mindestens einem temperaturabhängigen Ver schluss (103, 203, 207, 211, 303) verschlossen ist, wobei der Verschluss (103, 203, 207, 211, 303) beim Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Temperaturschwell wertes öffnet, wodurch die Ausströmöffnung freigegeben wird 1. An electrochemical energy storage device (100, 200, 300) comprising at least one electrochemical energy storage cell (101, 201, 301), characterized in that the energy storage device (100, 200, 300) further comprises at least one storage unit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) for a gas under pressure, the storage unit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) comprising at least one outflow opening, which is closed with at least one temperature-dependent closure (103, 203, 207, 211, 303 ) is closed, the closure (103, 203, 207, 211, 303) opening when a predetermined temperature threshold is exceeded, whereby the outflow opening is opened
2. Elektrochemischer Energiespeicherspeicher (100, 200, 300) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Speichereinheit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) mit einem inerten Gas und/oder einer inerten Gasmischung, insbesondere Kohlen stoffdioxid, Stickstoff und/oder Argon, befüllt ist. 2. The electrochemical energy storage device (100, 200, 300) according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage unit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) with an inert gas and / or an inert gas mixture, in particular carbon dioxide, nitrogen and / or argon, is filled.
3. Elektrochemischer Energiespeicherspeicher (100, 200, 300) nach einem der vor hergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein in der Speichereinheit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) herrschender Druck wesentlich höher als der Umge bungsdruck des Energiespeichers (100, 200, 300) ist. 3. Electrochemical energy storage device (100, 200, 300) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pressure prevailing in the storage unit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) is substantially higher than the ambient pressure of the energy storage device (100, 200, 300).
4. Elektrochemischer Energiespeicherspeicher (100, 200, 300) nach einem der vor hergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Speichereinheit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) zumindest ein Additiv umfasst. 4. The electrochemical energy storage device (100, 200, 300) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage unit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) comprises at least one additive.
5. Elektrochemischer Energiespeicherspeicher (100, 200, 300) nach einem der vor hergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Additiv schaum und/oder gelbildend ist und/oder brandhemmend wirkt. 5. Electrochemical energy storage device (100, 200, 300) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive is foam and / or gel-forming and / or has a fire-retardant effect.
6. Elektrochemischer Energiespeicher (100, 200, 300) nach einem der vorhergehen den Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Energiespeicherzelle (100,6. Electrochemical energy store (100, 200, 300) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy storage cell (100,
200, 300) eine Lithium-Ionen-, Lithium-Schwefel-, Lithium-Luft-, Lithium-Polymer- Zelle, einen Feststoffelektrolyten und/oder einen Kondensator umfasst. 200, 300) comprises a lithium-ion, lithium-sulfur, lithium-air, lithium-polymer cell, a solid electrolyte and / or a capacitor.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers (100, 200, 300) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfassend folgende Schritte: a. Einsetzen der mindestens einen Energiespeicherzelle (101, 201, 301) in einen Zellhalter (120, 220, 320); 7. A method for producing an electrochemical energy store (100, 200, 300) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: a. Inserting the at least one energy storage cell (101, 201, 301) into a cell holder (120, 220, 320);
b. Einsetzen der mindestens einen mit einem inerten Gas befüllten Speicherein heit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) in den Zellhalter (120, 220, 320) in räumlicher Nähe zu der mindestens einen Energiespeicherzelle (101, 201, 301);  b. Inserting the at least one storage unit (102, 202, 206, 210, 302) filled with an inert gas into the cell holder (120, 220, 320) in spatial proximity to the at least one energy storage cell (101, 201, 301);
c. elektrisches Kontaktieren der Energiespeicherzelle (101, 201, 301) mit An schlusspolen des Energiespeichers (100, 200, 300).  c. electrical contact of the energy storage cell (101, 201, 301) with connection poles of the energy storage device (100, 200, 300).
8. Verwendung eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers (100, 200, 300) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 in elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeugen einschließ lich Hybridfahrzeugen, in stationären elektrischen Energiespeicheranlagen, in elektrisch betriebenen Handwerkzeugen, in portablen Einrichtungen zur Telekom munikation oder Datenverarbeitung sowie in Haushaltsgeräten. 8. Use of an electrochemical energy store (100, 200, 300) according to one of claims 1 to 6 in electrically powered vehicles including hybrid vehicles, in stationary electrical energy storage systems, in electrically operated hand tools, in portable devices for telecommunications or data processing and in household appliances.
PCT/EP2019/069997 2018-07-25 2019-07-25 Electrochemical energy accumulator WO2020020990A1 (en)

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