WO2020020318A1 - 一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的5g组网系统 - Google Patents

一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的5g组网系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020020318A1
WO2020020318A1 PCT/CN2019/097811 CN2019097811W WO2020020318A1 WO 2020020318 A1 WO2020020318 A1 WO 2020020318A1 CN 2019097811 W CN2019097811 W CN 2019097811W WO 2020020318 A1 WO2020020318 A1 WO 2020020318A1
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Prior art keywords
millimeter
wave
frequency
base station
low
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PCT/CN2019/097811
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱睿
徐强
刘耀中
方有纲
李跃星
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湖南时变通讯科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020020318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020020318A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02—Transmitters
    • H04B1/04—Circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528—Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium
    • H04B7/15535—Control of relay amplifier gain
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02—Transmitters
    • H04B1/04—Circuits
    • H04B2001/0408—Circuits with power amplifiers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of communication networking, and in particular, to a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relays.
  • the fifth-generation mobile communication 5G has a target data throughput of tens of GbpS, and requires reliable connections, low latency, and high requirements on power consumption.
  • millimeter-wave communication is one of the key technologies to achieve 5G high-speed communication due to its wideband spectrum resources.
  • millimeter-wave communication is limited to point-to-point communication and cannot be applied to signal transmission between indoor and outdoor.
  • the present invention provides a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple-input multiple-output relays, which can achieve 5G target data throughput and connection requirements, as well as connect indoor and outdoor signal transmission.
  • This application provides a 5G networking system based on millimeter-wave and microwave multiple-input multiple-output relays, including: a millimeter-wave base station, a relay node disposed indoors, and an indoor terminal;
  • a millimeter wave base station is used to provide an interface with a core network
  • the millimeter-wave base station subdivides the broadband millimeter-wave spectrum into sub-channels with narrower bandwidths, and the frequency bandwidth of each sub-channel is consistent with the frequency bandwidth of the Sub 6 GHz band used by the system, and does not overlap in the frequency domain.
  • a set of parallel signal paths, and the sub-channels communicate with distributed relay nodes via a millimeter-wave channel of a millimeter-wave base station;
  • the millimeter wave base station and the relay node communicate through a millimeter wave channel
  • the relay node communicates with the indoor terminal through a MIMO channel
  • the relay node is configured to receive a millimeter wave signal transmitted by a millimeter wave base station, and down-convert the signal to a low-frequency carrier frequency band conforming to the MIMO channel according to the allocated sub-channel frequency, and transmit the down-converted signal to the indoor terminal. ;
  • the relay node is further configured to receive a low-frequency carrier frequency band signal transmitted by the indoor terminal, and up-convert the signal to the millimeter-wave carrier frequency band, and transmit the up-converted signal to the millimeter-wave base station.
  • the relay node is implemented by an analog circuit
  • the analog circuit includes: a millimeter-wave antenna, a millimeter-wave duplexer, a first mixer, a second mixer, a frequency allocation control unit, a low-frequency duplexer, Low frequency antenna
  • the millimeter wave signal of the millimeter wave base station received by the millimeter wave antenna is transmitted to the low frequency antenna and transmitted to the indoor terminal through the millimeter wave duplexer, the first mixer and the low frequency duplexer, and the millimeter wave signal is transmitted to the indoor mixer Down-convert to the low-frequency carrier frequency band with the first carrier frequency of the frequency allocation control unit;
  • the signal of the low-frequency carrier frequency band of the indoor terminal received by the low-frequency antenna is transmitted to the millimeter-wave antenna and transmitted to the millimeter-wave base station via the low-frequency duplexer, the second mixer, and the millimeter-wave duplexer.
  • the second mixer and the second carrier frequency of the frequency allocation control unit are up-converted to the millimeter wave carrier frequency band.
  • the analog circuit further includes: a low noise amplifier;
  • the low-noise amplifier is connected between the millimeter-wave duplexer and the first mixer or between the low-frequency duplexer and the second mixer.
  • the analog circuit further includes: a power amplifier
  • the power amplifier is connected between the millimeter-wave duplexer and the second mixer or between the low-frequency duplexer and the first mixer.
  • the analog circuit further includes: a first filter and a second filter;
  • a first filter connected between the first mixer and the low-frequency duplexer
  • the system further includes a macro base station;
  • the millimeter wave base station and the macro base station are connected through optical fiber or millimeter wave communication.
  • a millimeter wave base station forms a millimeter wave communication link with a plurality of groups of relay nodes in a time division, frequency division or beamforming manner.
  • the same group of relay nodes share a uniform low-frequency carrier frequency for MIMO transmission.
  • each relay node has an allocated millimeter wave carrier frequency, and one millimeter wave carrier frequency is allocated to one or more relay nodes in a static manner or a dynamic manner;
  • the millimeter-wave carrier frequency corresponding to the relay node is no longer transformed
  • the dynamic mode is that the millimeter wave carrier frequency corresponding to the relay node is continuously dynamically allocated.
  • the millimeter wave carrier frequency band is in a range of 26 GHz, 38 GHz, or 60 GHz.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present application provides a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relays, including: a millimeter wave base station, a relay node and an indoor terminal installed outdoors; a millimeter wave base station for providing Interface with the core network; the millimeter-wave base station communicates with the relay node through the millimeter-wave channel; the relay node communicates with the indoor terminal through the MIMO channel; the relay node is used to receive the millimeter-wave signal transmitted by the millimeter-wave base station, and according to the allocated sub-nodes Channel frequency: The signal is down-converted to a low-frequency carrier frequency band that complies with the MIMO channel and has less loss through obstacles, and transmits the down-converted signal to the indoor terminal.
  • the relay node is also used to receive the low-frequency carrier frequency band transmitted by the indoor terminal. And up-convert the signal to the millimeter-wave carrier band, and transmit the up-converted signal to the millimeter-wave base station.
  • This application uses millimeter-wave technology and MIMO technology to achieve millimeter-wave communication outdoors, to achieve 5G target data throughput and connection requirements, and to switch indoors to indoors for MIMO communication to achieve reliable and high-speed transmission of indoor and outdoor signals.
  • the resources of each channel in the G network make use of the advantages of different technologies to solve the problem of difficult home access for 5G high-speed networks.
  • it expands the application range of millimeter wave communications, which can be used as the basic composition of future mobile network networking.
  • FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relays provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a downlink in a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relays provided by embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining uplink in a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relay provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a millimeter wave base station corresponding to multiple relay nodes in a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relays provided by embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining how a millimeter-wave base station forms a millimeter-wave communication link with multiple groups of relay nodes in a beam manner in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining how a millimeter-wave base station forms a millimeter-wave communication link with multiple groups of relay nodes in a frequency division manner in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining how a millimeter-wave base station forms a millimeter-wave communication link with multiple groups of relay nodes in a time division manner in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a relay node in a 5G network system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relays of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining that one or more indoor terminals are used in a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relays provided by embodiments of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the invention [0044]
  • the present invention provides a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relays, which can achieve 5G target data throughput and connection requirements, and can also connect indoor and outdoor signal transmission.
  • FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relays according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the millimeter wave and A 5G network system for microwave multiple-input multiple-output relays including: a millimeter-wave base station, a relay node installed outdoors, and an indoor terminal;
  • a millimeter wave base station is used to provide an interface with a core network
  • the millimeter wave base station and the relay node communicate through a millimeter wave channel
  • the relay node communicates with the indoor terminal through a MIMO channel
  • the relay node is configured to receive a millimeter wave signal transmitted by a millimeter wave base station, and down-convert the signal to a low-frequency carrier frequency band conforming to the MIMO channel according to the allocated subchannel frequency, and transmit the down-converted signal to the indoor terminal. ;
  • the relay node is further configured to receive a low-frequency carrier frequency band signal transmitted by the indoor terminal, and up-convert the signal to the millimeter-wave carrier frequency band, and transmit the up-converted signal to the millimeter-wave base station.
  • the basic principle of the Millimeter to Microwave MIMO Relay (M4R) technology is to convert the frequency on the millimeter wave to a low-frequency carrier frequency band (such as Sub 6GHz) space multiplexing, and a high-speed wireless communication network is constructed in a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) manner. It uses the wide-band spectrum resources of millimeter waves and the abundant space resources of low-frequency bands to organically match the channel capacities of the two channels, and solves the problems that millimeter-waves cannot pass through walls and narrow bandwidths of low-frequency bands. Based on this technology, this patent proposes a 5G networking system (ie, M4R system) based on millimeter-wave and microwave multiple-input multiple-output relays. Its advantages are flexibility, easy deployment, and good compatibility. The M4R system is used as 5G One of the basic components of a wireless communication network.
  • MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • the millimeter wave carrier frequency band is optimally 26 GHz, 38 GHz, or 60 GHz.
  • Low-frequency carrier frequency band Can be Sub 6GHz.
  • the M4R system can be designed to be compatible with various wireless communication standards.
  • the millimeter-wave channel can use high-frequency bands of 5G NR (New Radio) such as 26GHz band and 38G band.
  • 5G NR New Radio
  • the choice of frequency bands must conform to national and regional communication standards. For the low frequency band, according to the application scenario and the actual situation of the channel, you can choose different frequency bands in Sub 6GHz, such as 2.4GHz
  • BS is a millimeter wave base station
  • outdoor nodes correspond to relay nodes
  • indoor terminals correspond to indoor terminals.
  • the millimeter wave base station communicates with the relay node through a millimeter wave channel; the relay node communicates with the indoor terminal through a MIMO channel.
  • the low-frequency carrier frequency band is Sub
  • the basic principle of M4R is to connect the millimeter wave channel and the Sub 6GHz MIMO channel through the frequency conversion relay.
  • An M4R networking unit includes three main parts: a millimeter wave base station, a relay node, and an indoor terminal.
  • the millimeter-wave base station subdivides the broadband millimeter-wave spectrum into narrower bandwidth subchannels. f H1 , f H2 , f H3 , f H4 ).
  • the frequency bandwidth of each subchannel is consistent with the frequency bandwidth of the Sub 6GHz band used by the system, and does not overlap in the frequency domain, forming a set of parallel signal paths.
  • These sub-channels communicate with the distributed relay nodes via the millimeter-wave channels of the base station.
  • the relay node is placed outdoors, and forms a LOS (Line of Sight) channel with the millimeter wave base station.
  • Each sub-channel corresponds to a relay node, and the millimeter-wave sub-channel is converted by the relay node to a uniform carrier frequency in the Sub 6 GHz band.
  • the signals of each sub-channel communicate with the indoor terminal in the form of MIMO.
  • the indoor terminal receives and processes signals in the form of MIMO.
  • the whole system is equivalent to establishing a MIMO link from a millimeter wave base station to an indoor terminal.
  • the channel of the M4R system is divided into a millimeter wave portion and a low-frequency MIMO portion, and the uplink and downlink pass through the channels in reverse order.
  • a signal transmission process is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the signal first passes through the outdoor millimeter wave channel.
  • each relay node When setting up base stations and relay nodes, try to satisfy the point-to-point transmission mode.
  • LOS millimeter-wave channels have flat attenuation characteristics, the spatial positions of base stations and relay nodes are relatively fixed, and crosstalk between channels is small.
  • each relay node After each relay node receives the millimeter wave signal, it performs filtering according to the corresponding subchannel, down-converts and amplifies it, and transmits it to the indoor terminal through the low-frequency antenna again.
  • the signal transmission process is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the uplink is the opposite of the downlink.
  • the signal is sent by the indoor terminal to the outdoor relay node, and then each relay node up-converts the received signal to its corresponding millimeter wave subchannel, and then passes it to the outdoor base station.
  • each relay node up-converts the received signal to its corresponding millimeter wave subchannel, and then passes it to the outdoor base station.
  • the downlink requires higher channel capacity and the uplink data rate requirement is relatively low.
  • the uplink and downlink are dynamically optimized according to different numbers of users and application scenarios.
  • This application uses millimeter-wave technology and MIMO technology to achieve millimeter-wave communication outdoors, achieve 5G target data throughput and connection requirements, and perform MIMO communication outdoors to achieve reliable high-speed transmission of indoor and outdoor signals.
  • Making full use of the resources of each channel in the 5G network taking advantage of different technologies, solving the problem of difficult home access for 5G high-speed networks, and expanding the application range of millimeter wave communications, can be used as the basic composition of future mobile network networking.
  • the millimeter wave base station will be described in detail below:
  • the millimeter wave base station functions as a bridge connecting the core network and indoor users.
  • the millimeter-wave base station is assumed to be outdoors, connected to the macro base station through optical fiber or millimeter-wave communication, and connected to the relay node group through a millimeter-wave channel. Therefore, the system also includes a macro base station; the millimeter wave base station and the macro base station are connected through optical fiber or millimeter wave communication.
  • the basic tasks of a millimeter wave base station may include, but are not limited to, the following aspects:
  • the baseband signal after the MIMO processing is converted to a millimeter wave band, and the baseband signals of each subchannel are modulated to the corresponding millimeter wave center frequency, and then transmitted from the antenna after power amplification.
  • Frequency conversion and demodulation of the received millimeter wave signal includes operations such as low-noise amplification and down conversion.
  • the millimeter wave antenna may use a phased array technology, and use a beamforming technology to improve the antenna gain and compensate for transmission attenuation.
  • a multi-beam manner may be used to communicate with multiple groups of relay nodes.
  • a millimeter-wave communication link may also be formed with multiple groups of relay nodes in a time division, frequency division, or beamforming manner according to requirements and standards. Therefore, a millimeter-wave base station forms a millimeter-wave communication link with multiple groups of relay nodes in a time division, frequency division, or beamforming manner.
  • channel estimation is a key link.
  • the overall MIMO channel is equivalent to the outdoor base station (millimeter wave base station) to the indoor terminal. From the perspective of the baseband signal, the relay process is not visible, so the channel estimation will be from the outdoor base station directly to Indoor terminal.
  • the channel response of the transmitting end is generally obtained by the feedback information of the receiving end.
  • the active channel is transmitted by the base station and the indoor terminal through the relay node. Therefore, at the beginning of communication, when the indoor terminal receives the channel estimation instruction from the base station, it will perform some calculation locally to estimate the downlink.
  • the link channel responds and feeds back to the base station. Under certain conditions, if there is reciprocity between the uplink and the downlink, the terminal can directly feedback the training signal received from the base station, and the channel estimation calculation is done at the base station.
  • the communication channel may change with time, such as real-time channel changes to indoor mobile terminals.
  • the M4R system dynamically updates the channel response through periodic channel estimation and feedback, or through frame transmission, to ensure the stability of the link.
  • a millimeter wave base station usually corresponds to multiple relay nodes.
  • relay nodes are distributed outside the building, as shown in Figure 4.
  • a group of relay nodes can serve the terminals of a building, or they can be distributed on the outside of multiple buildings and serve these buildings simultaneously.
  • the meter wave base station can serve multiple groups of relay nodes, and can provide services through multiple access methods such as time division, frequency division, or beamforming. This is the correspondence between a millimeter-wave base station and a relay node, that is, a millimeter-wave base station can correspond to one or more groups of relay nodes.
  • FIG. 5 is a millimeter-wave base station in a 5G network system based on millimeter-wave and microwave multiple-input multiple-output relays of the present application to form a millimeter-wave communication link with a plurality of groups of relay nodes in a beam manner Schematic.
  • FIG. 6 is a millimeter-wave base station in a 5G networking system based on millimeter-wave and microwave multiple-input multiple-output relays of the present application to form a millimeter-wave communication chain with multiple groups of relay nodes in a frequency division manner. Schematic illustration of the road.
  • FIG. 7 is a millimeter-wave base station in a 5G networking system based on millimeter-wave and microwave multiple-input multiple-output relays of the present application to form a millimeter-wave communication link with multiple groups of relay nodes in a time division manner.
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a relay node in a 5G networking system based on millimeter wave and microwave multiple input multiple output relays of the present application, as shown in the circuit shown in FIG. 8 Among them, the key functions are the millimeter-wave antenna (the antenna identifier corresponding to mmWave), the millimeter-wave duplexer (Duplexer @ 38 GHz), the first mixer (the mixer located above), and the second mixer ( Mixer located below), Frequency Allocation Control Unit (Frequency Allocation
  • the millimeter-wave carrier frequency band and low-frequency carrier frequency band corresponding to the relay node can be adjusted according to specific requirements. Specifically, it can be controlled through frequency allocation. The unit is adjusted. The frequency allocation control unit is controlled by the millimeter wave base station and can be adjusted according to the required millimeter wave carrier frequency band and low frequency carrier frequency band.
  • the relay node is implemented by an analog circuit
  • the analog circuit includes: a millimeter wave antenna, a millimeter wave duplexer, a first mixer, a second mixer, a frequency allocation control unit, and low frequency duplex Device, low-frequency antenna;
  • the millimeter wave signal of the millimeter wave base station received by the millimeter wave antenna is transmitted to the low frequency antenna and transmitted to the indoor terminal through the millimeter wave duplexer, the first mixer and the low frequency duplexer, and the millimeter wave signal is transmitted to the indoor mixer Down-convert to the low-frequency carrier frequency band with the first carrier frequency of the frequency allocation control unit;
  • the signal of the low-frequency carrier frequency band of the indoor terminal received by the low-frequency antenna is transmitted to the millimeter-wave antenna and transmitted to the millimeter-wave base station via the low-frequency duplexer, the second mixer, and the millimeter-wave duplexer.
  • the second mixer and the second carrier frequency of the frequency allocation control unit are up-converted to the millimeter wave carrier frequency band.
  • the analog circuit further includes: a low noise amplifier (LNA);
  • the low-noise amplifier is connected between the millimeter-wave duplexer and the first mixer or between the low-frequency duplexer and the second mixer.
  • two low-noise amplifiers may be provided, which are respectively connected between the millimeter-wave duplexer and the first mixer and between the low-frequency duplexer and the second mixer.
  • the analog circuit further includes: a power amplifier
  • the power amplifier is connected between the millimeter-wave duplexer and the second mixer or between the low-frequency duplexer and the first mixer.
  • two power amplifiers may be provided and connected between the millimeter-wave duplexer and the second mixer and between the low-frequency duplexer and the first mixer.
  • the analog circuit further includes: a first filter and a second filter;
  • the first filter is connected between the first mixer and the low-frequency duplexer
  • One end of the second filter is connected between the first filter and the low-frequency duplexer, and the other end of the second filter is connected to a frequency allocation control unit.
  • the same group of relay nodes share a uniform low-frequency carrier frequency for MIMO transmission.
  • each relay node has an allocated millimeter wave carrier frequency, and one millimeter wave carrier frequency is allocated to one or more relay nodes in a static manner or a dynamic manner;
  • Allocation refers to the relay node setting transmission of a millimeter wave signal or other signal of a specific frequency.
  • the millimeter-wave base station has a total of four millimeter-wave channels (the embodiment in FIG. 1 has four, but it can actually be more than four, and millimeters can be added according to user data throughput requirements).
  • Wave channel and the number of relay nodes corresponding to 4 millimeter wave carrier frequencies, which are allocated to 4 relay nodes according to the actual situation, and then the relay node converts the signal of the millimeter wave carrier frequency to the same low frequency carrier frequency, and
  • the indoor terminal performs MIMO channel transmission (that is, the same group of relay nodes share a uniform low-frequency carrier frequency).
  • the dynamic mode is that the millimeter wave carrier frequency corresponding to the relay node is continuously dynamically allocated.
  • the relay node may be interpreted as including the following points:
  • the relay node is the most critical part of the M4R system, and its role is to match the capacity of the two channels and convert the multiplexing mode of the spectrum resources.
  • its basic functions include, but are not limited to: [0102] (a) Receive the millimeter wave signal transmitted by the base station, perform filtering, low-noise amplification and other processing on the signal according to the allocated subchannel frequency, and down-convert it to the Sub 6GHz band. The center frequency of the low frequency band is determined according to the selected frequency band. Filtering can be performed at radio frequency or intermediate frequency.
  • the relay node receives the signal in the Sub 6 GHz band transmitted by the indoor terminal through the antenna, performs low noise amplification, and up-converts to the millimeter wave frequency band. After being amplified by the millimeter wave amplifier, it is transmitted to the millimeter wave base station. This should ensure that the signal linearity meets the communication requirements.
  • the various parameters of the relay node are related to the system design.
  • the gain of the relay node's uplink and downlink is determined by the signal transmission loss and system requirements, including millimeter-wave signal propagation attenuation, low-frequency signal transmission attenuation, and loss when penetrating buildings.
  • the subchannel corresponding to each relay node is also related to the system design. Another important parameter is the frequency setting of the relay node.
  • each relay node has its own carrier frequency.
  • the carrier frequency allocation can be set according to the actual conditions of the channel. For example, each relay node can have a unique millimeter wave carrier frequency; two or more nodes can share the same millimeter wave carrier frequency, and these nodes can be regarded as a single node equivalently.
  • the same group of relay nodes is used for MIMO transmission by a uniform low-frequency carrier frequency.
  • the carrier frequency of each relay should be calibrated during transmission.
  • the carrier frequencies of the high-frequency and low-frequency bands of each relay node are dynamically allocated.
  • each relay node is dynamically allocated according to the channel estimation situation, to ensure that the required communication conditions are met, such as maximizing the channel capacity, or ensuring a specific service quality.
  • each relay node may have an independent millimeter wave carrier frequency, or two or more nodes may share the same millimeter wave carrier frequency.
  • the low-frequency carrier frequency of the relay node can also be allocated according to the channel conditions, but a group of nodes share a uniform low-frequency band.
  • the parameter setting of the relay node is controlled by the base station.
  • the base station can set the gain and frequency of each node.
  • the relay node is located outside the building and is connected to the millimeter wave base station through LOS.
  • the position of the millimeter-wave base station must be considered, and the position of the relay node and the antenna orientation should be selected reasonably to ensure the optimal channel.
  • the node distribution should be as dispersed as possible to increase the spatial diversity of MIMO requirements.
  • an indoor terminal needs a spatial multiplexing communication method that supports MIMO.
  • the commercially successful wireless LAN protocols IEEE 802.1 In and 802.1 lac have been successfully commercialized.
  • the direct-access channel is a low-frequency MIMO channel, and the millimeter-wave channel is not visible to it.
  • the indoor terminal needs to complete the channel estimation in cooperation with the millimeter wave base station to optimize the transmission rate.
  • another protocol may be enabled to demodulate the MI MO signal locally.
  • the indoor terminal may have various forms, and what affects the channel capacity of the system lies in the total number of antennas.
  • a terminal can have one or more antennas and their transceiver units. Multi-antenna terminals generally allow higher channel capacity.
  • the indoor terminal may be one indoor terminal or multiple indoor terminals.
  • the number of users served by the system can be dynamically adjusted.
  • SU-MIMO Single User MIMO
  • MU-MIMO Multiple User MIMO
  • the system will perform resource management.
  • the data rate and data priority required by each user are uniformly managed and processed by the base station.
  • the maximum rate of each user is determined by the number of antennas and the number of relay nodes. For a single user with multiple antennas, you can maximize the user Transmission rate.
  • the system will allocate channel resources according to the priority of the user needs and the antenna conditions of the user terminal to ensure a certain quality of service.
  • the base station may send a control signal to the relay node to maximize the use of frequency resources and space resources.
  • the base station can control some relay nodes to enter a low power consumption mode and not perform signal transmission, thereby reducing energy consumption.

Abstract

本申请提供了一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的5G组网系统，包括：毫米波基站、设置于室外的中继节点和室内终端；毫米波基站，用于提供与核心网的接口；毫米波基站与中继节点通过毫米波信道通信；中继节点与室内终端通过MIMO信道通信。本申请通过中继节点结合毫米波技术和MIMO技术实现了室外进行毫米波通信，实现5G目标数据吞吐量及连接要求，室外转室内进行MIMO通信，实现室内室外的信号可靠高速传输，充分利用5G网络中各个信道的资源，发挥不同技术的优势，解决了5G高速网络入户难的问题，同时扩展了毫米波通信的应用范围，可以作为未来移动网络组网的基本组成方式。

Description

说明书 发明名称:一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及通信组网技术领域， 尤其涉及一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出 中继的 5G组网系统。
背景技术
[0002] 第五代移动通信 5G的目标数据吞吐量达到几十 GbpS， 同时要求连接可靠， 低 延时， 并且对功率消耗有很高的要求。 在 5G技术中， 毫米波通信因其具有的宽 带频谱资源， 是实现 5G高速通信的关键技术之一。
[0003] 但是在毫米波频段， 电磁波的传输具有较大的衰减， 而且在穿透障碍物时会受 到非常大的损耗。 在遇到普通的建筑材料时， 毫米波的衰减甚至可以在 100dB以 上。 因此毫米波通信被限制在点对点的通信中， 无法应用于介于室内和室外之 间的信号传输。
[0004] 根据对 4G网络的统计， 约 80%以上的数据通信发生在室内， 这意味着如何为室 内用户提供高速率通信的服务成为了 5G的重要课题之一。 因此， 如何搭建一个 既能实现 5G目标数据吞吐量及连接要求， 又能连通室内室外信号传输的 5G组网 系统是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题。
技术问题
[0005] 本发明提供了一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统， 既能实 现 5G目标数据吞吐量及连接要求， 又能连通室内室外信号传输。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0006] 本申请提供了一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统， 包括： 毫米波基站、 设置于室外的中继节点和室内终端；
[0007] 毫米波基站用于提供与核心网的接口；
[0008] 所述毫米波基站将宽带毫米波频谱细分成较窄带宽的子信道， 每个子信道的频 率带宽与系统使用到的 Sub 6GHz波段的频率带宽一致， 在频域上不重叠， 构成 一组平行的信号通路， 所述子信道经由毫米波基站的毫米波信道与分布式的中 继节点进行通信；
[0009] 毫米波基站与中继节点通过毫米波信道通信；
[0010] 中继节点与室内终端通过 MIMO信道通信；
[0011] 中继节点用于接收毫米波基站发射的毫米波信号， 根据所分配的子信道频率， 对信号进行下变频至符合 MIMO信道的低频载波频段， 将下变频后的信号发射至 室内终端；
[0012] 中继节点还用于接收室内终端发射的低频载波频段的信号， 并对信号进行上变 频至毫米波载波频段， 将上变频后的信号发射至毫米波基站。
[0013] 优选地， 中继节点通过模拟电路实现， 模拟电路包括： 毫米波天线、 毫米波双 工器、 第一混频器、 第二混频器、 频率分配控制单元、 低频双工器、 低频天线
[0014] 毫米波天线接收的毫米波基站的毫米波信号经毫米波双工器、 第一混频器和低 频双工器传输至低频天线发射至室内终端， 毫米波信号在第一混频器与频率分 配控制单元的第一载频进行下变频至低频载波频段；
[0015] 低频天线接收的室内终端的低频载波频段的信号经低频双工器、 第二混频器和 毫米波双工器传输至毫米波天线发射至毫米波基站， 低频载波频段的信号在第 二混频器与频率分配控制单元的第二载频进行上变频至毫米波载波频段。
[0016] 优选地， 模拟电路还包括： 低噪声放大器；
[0017] 低噪声放大器连接在毫米波双工器与第一混频器之间或低频双工器与第二混频 器之间。
[0018] 优选地， 模拟电路还包括： 功率放大器；
[0019] 功率放大器连接在毫米波双工器与第二混频器之间或低频双工器与第一混频器 之间。
[0020] 优选地， 模拟电路还包括： 第一滤波器和第二滤波器；
[0021] 第一滤波器连接在第一混频器与低频双工器之间；
[0022] 第二滤波器的一端连接在第一滤波器与低频双工器之间， 第二滤波器的另一端 连接频率分配控制单元。 [0023] 优选地， 该系统还包括宏基站；
[0024] 毫米波基站与宏基站通过光纤或毫米波通信连接。
[0025] 优选地， 一个毫米波基站通过时分、 频分或波束成形方式与多组中继节点构成 毫米波通信链路。
[0026] 优选地， 同一组中继节点共用统一的低频载波频率， 用于 MIMO传输。
[0027] 优选地， 每一个中继节点具有一个被分配的毫米波载波频率， 一个毫米波载波 频率以静态方式或动态方式分配至一个或一个以上中继节点；
[0028] 静态方式为毫米波载波频率分配至中继节点后， 中继节点对应的毫米波载波频 率不再变换；
[0029] 动态方式为中继节点对应的毫米波载波频率持续被动态分配。
[0030] 优选地， 毫米波载波频段为 26GHz、 38GHz或 60GHz范围。 发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0031] 从以上技术方案可以看出， 本发明具有以下优点：
[0032] 本申请提供了一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统， 包括： 毫米波基站、 设置于室外的中继节点和室内终端； 毫米波基站， 用于提供与核 心网的接口； 毫米波基站与中继节点通过毫米波信道通信； 中继节点与室内终 端通过 MIMO信道通信； 中继节点用于接收毫米波基站发射的毫米波信号， 根据 所分配的子信道频率， 对信号进行下变频至符合 MIMO信道且穿透障碍物损耗较 小的低频载波频段， 将下变频后的信号发射至室内终端； 中继节点还用于接收 室内终端发射的低频载波频段的信号， 并对信号进行上变频至毫米波载波频段 ， 将上变频后的信号发射至毫米波基站。 本申请通过中继节点结合毫米波技术 和 MIMO技术实现了室外进行毫米波通信， 实现 5G目标数据吞吐量及连接要求 ， 室外转室内进行 MIMO通信， 实现室内室外的信号可靠高速传输， 充分利用 5 G网络中各个信道的资源， 发挥不同技术的优势， 解决了 5G高速网络入户难的问 题， 同时扩展了毫米波通信的应用范围， 可以作为未来移动网络组网的基本组 成方式。
对附图的简要说明 附图说明
[0033] 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例， 下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使 用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些 实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下， 还 可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
[0034] 图 1为本申请实施例提供的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网 系统的系统架构图；
[0035] 图 2为本申请实施例提供的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网 系统中用于说明下行链路的示意图；
[0036] 图 3为本申请实施例提供的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网 系统中用于说明上行链路的示意图；
[0037] 图 4为本申请实施例提供的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网 系统中用于说明一个毫米波基站对应多个中继节点的示意图；
[0038] 图 5为本申请实施例中用于说明毫米波基站通过波束方式与多组中继节点构成 毫米波通信链路的示意图；
[0039] 图 6为本申请实施例中用于说明毫米波基站通过频分方式与多组中继节点构成 毫米波通信链路的示意图；
[0040] 图 7为本申请实施例中用于说明毫米波基站通过时分方式与多组中继节点构成 毫米波通信链路的示意图；
[0041] 图 8为本申请的基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统中中继节点 的电路图；
[0042] 图 9为本申请实施例提供的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网 系统中用于说明室内终端为一个或多个的示意图。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0043] 在此处键入本发明的最佳实施方式描述段落。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式 [0044] 本发明提供了一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统， 既能实 现 5G目标数据吞吐量及连接要求， 又能连通室内室外信号传输。
[0045] 为使得本发明的发明目的、 特征、 优点能够更加的明显和易懂， 下面将结合本 发明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 下面所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例， 而非全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所 获得的所有其它实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
[0046] 请参阅图 1， 图 1为本申请实施例中一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统的系统架构图， 如图 1所示， 该基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继 的 5G组网系统， 包括： 毫米波基站、 设置于室外的中继节点和室内终端；
[0047] 毫米波基站用于提供与核心网的接口；
[0048] 毫米波基站与中继节点通过毫米波信道通信；
[0049] 中继节点与室内终端通过 MIMO信道通信；
[0050] 中继节点用于接收毫米波基站发射的毫米波信号， 根据所分配的子信道频率， 对信号进行下变频至符合 MIMO信道的低频载波频段， 将下变频后的信号发射至 室内终端；
[0051] 中继节点还用于接收室内终端发射的低频载波频段的信号， 并对信号进行上变 频至毫米波载波频段， 将上变频后的信号发射至毫米波基站。
[0052] 毫米波-微波多输入多输出中继技术 (Millimeter to Microwave MIMO Relay, M4R) 的基本原理是通过频率转换的中继的方式， 将毫米波上频率复用转换为 低频载波频段 (如 Sub 6GHz) 的空间复用， 以多输入多输出 (Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO) 方式构建高速无线通信网络。 其利用了毫米波的宽频 谱资源， 和低频波段丰富的空间资源， 有机匹配了两种信道的信道容量， 解决 了毫米波不能穿墙和低频波段窄带宽的问题。 基于这项技术， 本专利提出了一 种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统 (即 M4R系统) ， 其优点 是灵活， 易部属， 兼容性好， 利用 M4R系统作为 5G无线通信网络的基本组成方 式之一。
[0053] 本实施例中， 毫米波载波频段最优为 26GHz、 38GHz或 60GHz。 低频载波频段 可以为 Sub 6GHz。 M4R系统可以被设计成兼容各个无线通信标准。 在频率选择 上， 毫米波信道可以使用 26GHz波段， 38G波段等 5G NR (New Radio) 的高频 波段。 在频段的选择上要符合国家和地区的通信标准。 对低频波段， 根据应用 场景和信道实际情况， 可以选择 Sub 6GHz中不同的频段， 如 2.4GHz
和 5GHz的 WI-FI频段， 也可以使用目前的 LTE频段， 或者对 2G/3G/4G的频段进行 复用。
[0054] 以下将简单介绍本申请的原理：
[0055] 请参阅图 1， 图 1中 BS为毫米波基站， outdoor上面对应的为中继节点， indoor上 面对应的为室内终端。 可见， 毫米波基站与中继节点通过毫米波信道通信； 中 继节点与室内终端通过 MIMO信道通信。 如图 1所示的实施例中， 低频载波频段 为 Sub
6GHz波段。 M4R的基本原理是通过频率转换的中继， 连接毫米波信道和 Sub 6GHz MIMO信道。 一个 M4R组网单元包括三个主要部分： 毫米波基站、 中继节 点、 室内终端。 首先， 毫米波基站将宽带毫米波频谱细分成较窄带宽的子信道 (从图 1可以看出， 毫米波频段被切分为四个较窄的子频带， 四个子频带的中心 频率分别为 f H1、 f H2、 f H3、 f H4) 。 每个子信道的频率带宽与系统使用到的 Sub 6GHz波段的频率带宽一致， 在频域上不重叠， 构成一组平行的信号通路。 这些 子信道经由基站的毫米波信道与分布式的中继节点进行通信。 中继节点被安置 在室外， 与毫米波基站之间构成 LOS (Line of Sight)信道。 每一个子信道对应一 个中继节点， 由中继节点将毫米波子信道变频到 Sub 6GHz波段统一的载频上。 经由中继节点的放大， 各个子信道的信号则以 MIMO的形式， 与室内的终端通信 。 而室内终端则以 MIMO的形式接收并处理信号。 系统整体等效于建立了从毫米 波基站到室内终端的 MIMO链路。
[0056] 根据此原理， M4R系统的信道分为毫米波部分和低频 MIMO部分， 其上行链路 和下行链路经过的信道顺序相反。
[0057] 对于下行信道， 信号传输过程如图 2所示。 信号首先经过室外的毫米波信道。
在架设基站和中继节点时， 尽量满足点对点传输方式。 一般而言， LOS毫米波信 道具有平坦衰减特性， 基站和中继节点空间位置相对固定， 信道间串扰较小。 每一个中继节点接收到毫米波信号后， 根据对应的子信道进行滤波， 下变频和 放大， 重新通过低频天线传输给室内的终端。
[0058] 对于上行信道， 信号传输过程如图 3所示。 上行链路与下行链路正相反， 信号 由室内终端发送给室外的中继节点， 然后各个中继节点将收到的信号分别上变 频到各自对应的毫米波子信道， 然后传递给室外基站。 值得注意的是， 通常来 讲下行链路需要更高的信道容量， 上行链路的数据速率要求相对较低。 对室内 终端而言， 根据不同的用户数量和应用场景， 对上下行链路的进行动态优化。
[0059] 本申请通过中继节点结合毫米波技术和 MIMO技术实现了室外进行毫米波通信 ， 实现 5G目标数据吞吐量及连接要求， 室外转室内进行 MIMO通信， 实现室内 室外的信号可靠高速传输， 充分利用 5G网络中各个信道的资源， 发挥不同技术 的优势， 解决了 5G高速网络入户难的问题， 同时扩展了毫米波通信的应用范围 ， 可以作为未来移动网络组网的基本组成方式。
[0060] 以下将对毫米波基站进行详细的描述：
[0061] 1.毫米波基站：
[0062] 毫米波基站的作用是作为连接核心网络和室内用户的桥梁。 毫米波基站假设在 室外， 与宏基站通过光纤或毫米波通信等方式相连， 并通过毫米波信道与中继 节点群相连。 因此， 该系统还包括宏基站； 毫米波基站与宏基站通过光纤或毫 米波通信连接。
[0063] 毫米波基站的基本任务可以包括但不限于如下几方面：
[0064] ( 1) 提供与核心网的接口， 完成物理层至网络层的上下行传输。
[0065] (2) 获取终端数量及各个终端天线数量等信息， 区分不用终端及其数据。
[0066] (3) 获取信道信息， 根据需要服务的终端数量， 终端天线数量和信道估计， 对要传输和接收到的信号进行处理， 与室内终端组成 MIMO链路。
[0067] (4) 对传输信号进行信道编码和接收信号的解码。
[0068] (5) 根据整体链路上的需求， 分配信道资源。 包括确定子信道带宽， 子信道 中心频率。
[0069] (6) 根据信道估计的情况， 优化信道资源分配， 包括子信道对应的中继节点 分配， 优化传输功率。 [0070] (7) 对链路中的资源动态管理， 在不同数据速率需求的条件下优化系统资源
， 如最大化信道容量， 确认优先级， 或者节约能源等。
[0071] (8) 将经过 MIMO处理后的基带信号变频到毫米波波段， 将各个子信道基带 信号调制到对应的毫米波中心频率上， 经过功率放大后从天线发射。
[0072] (9) 将接收到的毫米波信号变频解调， 包含低噪声放大， 下变频等操作。
[0073] ( 10) 毫米波天线可以使用相控阵技术， 利用波束成形技术提高天线增益， 补 偿传输衰减。
[0074] ( 11) 可以利用多波束的方式与多组中继节点通信。 也可以根据需求和标准， 利用时分、 频分或者波束成形的方式， 与多组中继节点构成毫米波通信链路。 因此， 一个毫米波基站通过时分、 频分或波束成形方式与多组中继节点构成毫 米波通信链路。
[0075] ( 12) 在 MIMO中， 信道的估计是关键一环。 在 M4R系统中， 整体 MIMO的信 道等效于从室外基站 (毫米波基站) 到室内终端， 从基带信号角度上看， 中继 过程是不可见的， 因此信道的估计将是从室外基站直接到室内终端。
[0076] 一般来说， MIMO系统中发射端和接收端中至少一端要知道信道响应， 而发射 端的信道响应对于优化信道容量尤其重要。 发射端的信道响应一般由接收端的 反馈信息得到。 在各类 MIMO系统的设计中， 信道响应的反馈有多种方式。 而在 M4R系统中， 由基站和室内终端通过中继节点传递构成有源信道， 所以在通信 开始环节， 当室内终端接收到基站发出信道估计指令时， 将在本地进行一定的 计算， 估算出下行链路信道响应， 并反馈回基站。 在一定条件下， 如上下行链 路存在互易性时， 可以由终端直接反馈从基站接收到的训练信号， 而信道估计 计算在基站完成。
[0077] ( 13) 在实际中， 通信信道可能随时间变化， 如对室内的移动终端产生实时的 信道变化。 M4R系统通过周期性的信道估计和反馈， 或者通过按帧传输的方式 ， 动态更新信道响应， 保证链路的稳定性。
[0078] 如图 4所示， 在一个 M4R系统中， 通常由一个毫米波基站对应多个中继节点。
这些中继节点被分布式的布置在建筑物外， 如图 4所示。 一组中继节点可以服务 于一栋建筑的终端， 也或者分布于多个建筑的外侧并同时服务这几个建筑。 毫 米波基站可以服务于多组中继节点群， 可以通过时分、 频分或者波束成形等多 种接入方式提供服务。 这是毫米波基站与中继节点的对应关系， 即一个毫米波 基站可以对应一组或一组以上中继节点群。
[0079] 如图 5所示， 图 5为本申请的基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统 中毫米波基站通过波束方式与多组中继节点构成毫米波通信链路的示意图。
[0080] 如图 6所示， 图 6为本申请的基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统 中毫米波基站通过频分方式与多组中继节点构成毫米波通信链路的示意图。
[0081] 如图 7所示， 图 7为本申请的基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统 中毫米波基站通过时分方式与多组中继节点构成毫米波通信链路的示意图。
[0082] 以下将对中继节点进行详细的描述， 图 8为本申请的基于毫米波和微波多输入 多输出中继的 5G组网系统中中继节点的电路图， 如图 8所示的电路中， 其关键作 用的是毫米波天线 （mmWave对应的天线标识） 、 毫米波双工器 （Duplexer@38 GHz） 、 第一混频器（位于上方的混频器）、 第二混频器（位于下方的混频器）、 频 率分配控制单兀 （Frequency Allocation
controlling） 、 低频双工器 （Duplexer@2.4GHz） 、 低频天线 （Microwave对应的 天线标识） 。 需要说明的是， 38GHz和 2.4GHz只是本实施例中中继节点调频的 一个方案， 中继节点对应的毫米波载波频段和低频载波频段可以根据具体需求 进行调节， 具体地， 可以通过频率分配控制单元进行调节。 频率分配控制单元 受控于毫米波基站， 可根据需要的毫米波载波频段和低频载波频段进行调节。
[0083] 因此， 进一步地， 中继节点通过模拟电路实现， 模拟电路包括： 毫米波天线、 毫米波双工器、 第一混频器、 第二混频器、 频率分配控制单元、 低频双工器、 低频天线；
[0084] 毫米波天线接收的毫米波基站的毫米波信号经毫米波双工器、 第一混频器和低 频双工器传输至低频天线发射至室内终端， 毫米波信号在第一混频器与频率分 配控制单元的第一载频进行下变频至低频载波频段；
[0085] 低频天线接收的室内终端的低频载波频段的信号经低频双工器、 第二混频器和 毫米波双工器传输至毫米波天线发射至毫米波基站， 低频载波频段的信号在第 二混频器与频率分配控制单元的第二载频进行上变频至毫米波载波频段。 [0086] 进一步地， 模拟电路还包括： 低噪声放大器 （LNA） ;
[0087] 低噪声放大器连接在毫米波双工器与第一混频器之间或低频双工器与第二混频 器之间。 具体地， 可以设置两个低噪声放大器， 分别连接在毫米波双工器与第 一混频器之间和低频双工器与第二混频器之间。
[0088] 进一步地， 模拟电路还包括： 功率放大器；
[0089] 功率放大器连接在毫米波双工器与第二混频器之间或低频双工器与第一混频器 之间。 具体地， 可以设置两个功率放大器， 连接在毫米波双工器与第二混频器 之间和低频双工器与第一混频器之间。
[0090] 进一步地， 模拟电路还包括： 第一滤波器和第二滤波器；
[0091] 第一滤波器连接在第一混频器与低频双工器之间；
[0092] 第二滤波器的一端连接在第一滤波器与低频双工器之间， 第二滤波器的另一端 连接频率分配控制单元。
[0093] 进一步地， 同一组中继节点共用统一的低频载波频率， 用于 MIMO传输。
[0094] 进一步地， 每一个中继节点具有一个被分配的毫米波载波频率， 一个毫米波载 波频率以静态方式或动态方式分配至一个或一个以上中继节点；
[0095] 分配是指中继节点设定传输某一特定频率的毫米波信号或其他信号。
[0096] 如图 1所示的实施例中， 毫米波基站共有 4个毫米波信道 （图 1的实施例为 4个， 但实际上可以多于 4个， 可以根据用户数据吞吐量需求增加毫米波信道和中继节 点数目） ， 对应 4个毫米波载波频率， 根据实际情况将其分配给 4个中继节点， 然后中继节点将毫米波载波频率的信号转换为相同的低频载波频率， 与室内终 端进行 MIMO信道的传输 （即同一组中继节点共用统一的低频载波频率） 。
[0097] 静态方式为毫米波载波频率分配至中继节点后， 中继节点对应的毫米波载波频 率不再变换；
[0098] 动态方式为中继节点对应的毫米波载波频率持续被动态分配。
[0099] 因此， 该中继节点可以解释为包括以下几点：
[0100] （1） 基本功能：
[0101] 中继节点是 M4R系统最关键的部分， 其作用是匹配两种信道的容量， 转换频谱 资源的复用方式。 对于单个中继节点来说， 其基本作用包括但不限于： [0102] (a) 接收由基站发射的毫米波信号， 根据所分配的子信道频率， 对信号进行 滤波、 低噪声放大等处理， 并将其下变频至 Sub 6GHz波段。 其中低频段中心频 率根据所选频段确定。 其中滤波可以在射频频率或者中频频率进行。
[0103] (b) 对下变频后的信号进行放大， 同时保证信号线性度， 再由低频天线发射 给室内终端。
[0104] (c) 在上行链路中， 中继节点通过天线接收室内终端发射的 Sub 6GHz波段的 信号， 进行低噪声放大， 并上变频至毫米波频段。 经过毫米波放大器放大后， 发射给毫米波基站。 这其中要保证信号线性度满足通信要求。
[0105] (d) 中继节点对信号链路的处理完全由模拟电路进行， 其中不进行基带调制 和解调的处理， 保证整个链路的低延时和低功耗。
[0106] (e) 与基站协同完成频率和延时同步， 确保没有串扰。
[0107] (2) 参数设置：
[0108] 在信号链路以外， 中继节点的各项参数设置于系统设计相关。 中继节点的上行 和下行链路的增益由信号传输损耗和系统要求决定， 其中包括毫米波信号传播 衰减， 低频信号传输衰减和穿透建筑时的损耗。 每一个中继节点对应的子信道 同样与系统设计相关。 另一个重要参数是中继节点的频率设置， 其由两种方式
[0109] (a) 静态方式：
[0110] 在这个方式中， 每一个中继节点的高频波段和低频波段的载波频率在部署时已 经设置好， 不再变换。 每一个中继节点由自己固有的载波频率。 在一组中继节 点中， 可以根据信道实际情况设置载波频率分配。 比如每个中继节点可以由独 自的毫米波载波频率； 也可以由两个或两个以上的节点共享相同的毫米波载波 频率， 这些节点可以等效看成是一个单独的节点。 同一组中继节点由统一的低 频载波频率， 用于 MIMO的传输。 各个中继的载波频率在传输过程中应当校准。
[0111] (b) 动态方式：
[0112] 在这个方式中， 每一个中继节点的高频和低频波段的载波频率是动态分配的。
在实际应用中， 根据信道估计的情况， 各个中继节点的毫米波载波频率被动态 分配， 保证满足所需的通信条件， 如最大化信道容量， 或者保证特定服务质量 。 与静态方式相同， 每个中继节点可以有独自的毫米波载波频率， 也可以有两 个或两个以上的节点共享相同的毫米波载波频率。 中继节点的低频载波频率也 可以根据信道情况分配， 但是一组节点共享统一低频频段。
[0113] 在动态分配方式中， 中继节点的参数设置由基站控制。 通过协议， 基站可以设 置各个节点的增益和频率。
[0114] (3) 位置分布：
[0115] 中继节点被安置在建筑物外， 与毫米波基站通过 LOS连接。 在布置中继节点时 ， 要考虑到毫米波基站的位置， 合理选择中继节点位置和天线朝向， 保证最优 信道。 同时也要节点分布尽量分散， 以增加 MIMO需求的空间多样性。
[0116] 以下将对室内终端进行详细的描述。
[0117] 3.室内终端：
[0118] 在 M4R系统中， 室内终端需要支持 MIMO的空间复用通信方式。 如截至目前， 商用化较为成功的无线局域网协议 IEEE 802.1 In和 802.1 lac。 对室内终端而言， 其直接接入的信道为低频 MIMO信道， 毫米波信道对其不可见。
[0119] 室内终端需要与毫米波基站协同完成信道估计， 优化传输速率。 而对于一些情 况， 室内终端无法反馈信道信息给基站时， 可以启用另外协议， 在本地解调 MI MO信号。
[0120] 室内终端可以由多种形式， 能影响系统信道容量的在于整体天线数量。 一个终 端可以有一个或者多个天线及其收发单元。 一般来说多天线的终端能允许更高 的信道容量。
[0121] 如图 9所示， 室内终端可以是一个室内终端或多个室内终端。 对于室内终端而 言， 系统服务的用户数量可以动态调整。 对于单一用户， 可以采用单用户 MIMO 模式 (Single User MIMO， SU-MIMO).对于多个用户， 可以启用多用户 MIMO模 式 (Multiple User MIMO, MU-MIMO) 。
[0122] 在 M4R系统 (基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统) 中， 对于 不同用户的需求， 系统将进行资源管理。 各个用户的需求的数据速率， 和数据 优先级都被统一管理， 并由基站处理。 每个用户的最高速率由其本身天线数量 ， 中继节点数量等因素决定。 对单一用户且有多天线的情况， 可以最大化用户 传输速率。 对于多个用户的情况， 系统将根据用户需求优先级和用户终端的天 线情况， 分配信道资源， 保证一定的服务质量。
[0123] 同时考虑到节约能源， 在系统忙时， 基站可发送控制信号给中继节点， 最大化 利用频率资源和空间资源。 在系统闲时， 基站可控制部分中继节点进入低功耗 模式， 不进行信号传输， 从而减少能源消耗。
[0124] 以上所述， 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非对其限制； 尽管参 照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的普通技术人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改， 或者对其中部分技术 特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或者替换， 并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本 发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
工业实用性
[0125] 在此处键入工业实用性描述段落。
序列表自由内容
[0126] 在此处键入序列表自由内容描述段落。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G组网系统， 其特征在 于， 包括： 毫米波基站、 设置于室外的中继节点和室内终端； 所述毫米波基站用于提供与核心网的接口；
所述毫米波基站将宽带毫米波频谱细分成较窄带宽的子信道， 每个子 信道的频率带宽与系统使用到的 Sub 6GHz波段的频率带宽一致， 在 频域上不重叠， 构成一组平行的信号通路， 所述子信道经由毫米波基 站的毫米波信道与分布式的中继节点进行通信； 所述毫米波基站与所述中继节点通过毫米波信道通信； 所述中继节点 与所述室内终端通过 MIMO信道通信；
所述中继节点用于接收所述毫米波基站发射的毫米波信号， 根据所分 配的子信道频率， 对信号进行下变频至符合 MIMO信道的低频载波频 段， 将下变频后的信号发射至所述室内终端；
所述中继节点还用于接收所述室内终端发射的低频载波频段的信号， 并对信号进行上变频至毫米波载波频段， 将上变频后的信号发射至所 述毫米波基站。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G 组网系统， 其特征在于， 所述中继节点通过模拟电路实现， 所述模拟 电路包括： 毫米波天线、 毫米波双工器、 第一混频器、 第二混频器、 频率分配控制单元、 低频双工器、 低频天线；
所述毫米波天线接收的所述毫米波基站的毫米波信号经所述毫米波双 工器、 所述第一混频器和所述低频双工器传输至所述低频天线发射至 所述室内终端， 毫米波信号在所述第一混频器与所述频率分配控制单 元的第一载频进行下变频至低频载波频段；
所述低频天线接收的所述室内终端的低频载波频段的信号经所述低频 双工器、 所述第二混频器和所述毫米波双工器传输至所述毫米波天线 发射至所述毫米波基站， 低频载波频段的信号在所述第二混频器与所 述频率分配控制单元的第二载频进行上变频至毫米波载波频段。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 2所述的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G 组网系统， 其特征在于， 所述模拟电路还包括： 低噪声放大器； 所述低噪声放大器连接在所述毫米波双工器与所述第一混频器之间或 所述低频双工器与所述第二混频器之间。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 2所述的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G 组网系统， 其特征在于， 所述模拟电路还包括： 功率放大器； 所述功率放大器连接在所述毫米波双工器与所述第二混频器之间或所 述低频双工器与所述第一混频器之间。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 2所述的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G 组网系统， 其特征在于， 所述模拟电路还包括： 第一滤波器和第二滤 波器；
所述第一滤波器连接在所述第一混频器与所述低频双工器之间； 所述第二滤波器的一端连接在所述第一滤波器与所述低频双工器之间 ， 所述第二滤波器的另一端连接所述频率分配控制单元。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G 组网系统， 其特征在于， 还包括宏基站；
所述毫米波基站与所述宏基站通过光纤或毫米波通信连接。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G 组网系统， 其特征在于， 一个所述毫米波基站通过时分、 频分或波束 成形方式与多组所述中继节点构成毫米波通信链路。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G 组网系统， 其特征在于， 同一组所述中继节点共用统一的低频载波频 率， 用于 MIMO传输。
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G 组网系统， 其特征在于， 每一个所述中继节点具有一个被分配的毫米 波载波频率， 一个毫米波载波频率以静态方式或动态方式分配至一个 或一个以上所述中继节点；
所述静态方式为毫米波载波频率分配至所述中继节点后， 所述中继节 点对应的毫米波载波频率不再变换；
所述动态方式为所述中继节点对应的毫米波载波频率持续被动态分配
[权利要求 10] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于毫米波和微波多输入多输出中继的 5G 组网系统， 其特征在于， 所述毫米波载波频段为 26GHz、 38GHz或 60 GHz范围。
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