WO2020017052A1

WO2020017052A1 - Complex power source

Info

Publication number: WO2020017052A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/027386
Authority: WO
Inventors: 直芳可知; 壽塚本
Original assignee: ＣｏｎｎｅｘｘＳｙｓｔｅｍｓ株式会社
Priority date: 2018-07-20
Filing date: 2018-07-20
Publication date: 2020-01-23

Abstract

Provided is a complex power source for making it possible to prevent an erroneous operation of an electronic device connected to a main power source and for making it possible to deal with a sudden fluctuation of power demand or power supply. A complex power source 10a has a main power source 12a, an auxiliary power source 14a, and an opening/closing switch 16a. The main power source 12a is one selected from the group consisting of fuel batteries, air batteries, secondary batteries, primary batteries, and complex batteries obtained by connecting at least two of these batteries with each other, and is constantly connected to a load 18. The auxiliary power source 14a is a secondary battery having an output power capacity greater than that of the main power source 12a and internal impedance lower than that of the main power source 12a, and is connected in parallel to the main power source 12a. The opening/closing switch 16a is connected in series to the auxiliary power source 14a, and is closed to start power supply from the auxiliary power source 14a to the load 18 when at least one of a predicted value of discharge current of the main power source 12a after a predetermined time period and a predicted value of discharge voltage of the main power source 12a after a predetermined time period, exceeds an allowable range because of generation of sudden large current discharge.

Description

Combined power supply

(4) The present invention relates to a composite power supply capable of responding to a sudden change in power demand or power supply.

二 Secondary batteries are widely used to stably respond to power demand or power supply. However, since the secondary battery has an internal impedance, if an excessively large charge / discharge current flows compared to the capacity, the output voltage of the secondary battery may decrease or the electrode plate may be deteriorated. It was necessary to suppress the charge / discharge current within a certain limit and to design the capacity of the secondary battery to be extremely large.

On the other hand, Patent Literature 1 discloses a backup battery circuit that causes an auxiliary power supply having a secondary battery to discharge when an output potential of a main power supply by a primary battery drops. The auxiliary power supply includes a switch circuit that is turned off when the main power supply outputs a normal voltage, and that is turned on when the potential of the main power supply drops.

JP-A-7-245887

The backup battery circuit of Patent Document 1 raises the output potential of the auxiliary power supply to, for example, 5 volts, which is the operating voltage of the load circuit, when the output potential of the main power supply drops to, for example, 3 volts or less due to the exhaustion of the primary battery. Since the power is supplied, there is a problem that an electronic device connected to the main power supply may malfunction at a voltage lower than the operating voltage. In addition, since an instantaneous interruption occurs when the power supply source for the load circuit is switched from the main power supply to the auxiliary power supply, there is a problem that an electronic device connected to the main power supply may malfunction due to the instantaneous interruption. Furthermore, since the power of the auxiliary power supply is supplied only after the output potential of the main power supply drops, there is a problem that it is impossible to follow a sudden change in power demand or power supply.

The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to prevent malfunction of an electronic device connected to a main power supply, and to reduce sudden power demand or power supply. An object of the present invention is to provide a composite power supply capable of coping with fluctuations.
Another object of the present invention is to provide, in addition to the above objects, a composite power source that can be used safely at least as much as conventional power sources.

The inventor of the present invention has conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, first has a main power supply constantly connected to a load, an output power capability larger than the main power supply, and an internal impedance smaller than the main power supply. And an auxiliary power supply connected in parallel to form a composite power supply, and at least one of a predicted value of a discharge current after a predetermined time of the main power supply and a predicted value of a discharge voltage after a predetermined time of the main power supply due to a sudden large current discharge. When the power supply exceeds the respective allowable ranges, the power supply from the auxiliary power supply to the load is started, and when the sudden large-current discharge ends, the power supply is stopped, so that the electronic equipment connected to the main power supply can be stopped. It has been found that malfunction can be prevented.

Further, the present inventor predicts and calculates the predicted value of the discharge current after a predetermined time from the increase rate of the discharge current of the main power supply, and calculates the predicted value of the discharge voltage after the predetermined time from the change decrease rate of the discharge voltage of the main power supply The present inventors have found that it is possible to cope with sudden fluctuations in power demand or power supply by performing predictive calculation, and have reached the present invention.

That is, in the first embodiment of the present invention, a main power supply always connected to a load, an auxiliary power supply connected in parallel to the main power supply, and a power supply connected in series to the auxiliary power supply to supply power from the auxiliary power supply to the load. An open / close switch for switching whether or not the main power supply is selected from the group consisting of a fuel cell, an air cell, a secondary cell, a primary cell, and a composite cell in which at least two of them are connected to each other. The auxiliary power supply is a secondary battery having an output power capability larger than the main power supply and an internal impedance smaller than the main power supply. It closes when at least one of the predicted value of the discharge current of the main power supply after a predetermined time and the predicted value of the discharge voltage after a predetermined time exceeds the respective allowable range, and ends the discharge when a sudden large current discharge ends. And there is provided a combined power supply to open when both of the discharge voltage is restored within the respective tolerance range.

Here, in the above, the predicted value of the discharge current after the predetermined time is predicted and calculated from the increase rate of the discharge current of the main power supply, and the predicted value of the discharge voltage after the predetermined time is calculated by the decrease rate of the discharge voltage of the main power supply. Is preferably calculated from
Furthermore, a safety switch is connected in series to the composite power supply and switches whether or not to supply power to the load from the composite power supply. The safety switch is always closed, and a sudden large current discharge occurs, thereby causing a discharge current of the main power supply. It is preferable to open only when at least one of the predicted value and the predicted value of the discharge voltage exceeds the respective allowable range and at least one of the discharge current and the discharge voltage of the auxiliary power source exceeds the respective allowable range.
The primary battery preferably includes one selected from the group consisting of a manganese dry battery, an alkaline dry battery, a lithium primary battery, an alkaline button battery, a silver oxide battery, and a zinc-air battery.

That is, in the second embodiment of the present invention, a main power supply always connected to an external power supply, an auxiliary power supply connected in parallel to the main power supply, and a series connection to the auxiliary power supply are used to supply power from the external power supply to the auxiliary power supply. An open / close switch for switching whether to perform or not, wherein the main power source is selected from the group consisting of a fuel cell, an air battery, a secondary battery, and a composite battery in which at least two of them are connected to each other. The auxiliary power source is a secondary battery having an input power capability larger than that of the main power source and an internal impedance smaller than that of the main power source. When at least one of the predicted value of the charging current after a predetermined time of the power supply and the predicted value of the charging voltage after the predetermined time exceeds the respective allowable ranges, the power supply is closed, and the rapid high-current charging is terminated. Both fine charging voltage is to provide a combined power supply to open when recovered in each of the allowable range.

Here, in the above, the predicted value of the charging current after a predetermined time is predicted and calculated from the increasing speed of the charging current of the main power supply, and the predicted value of the charging voltage after the predetermined time is calculated based on the increasing speed of the charging voltage of the main power supply. Is preferably calculated from
Furthermore, a safety switch is connected in series to the composite power supply and switches whether or not to supply power to the composite power supply from an external power supply. The safety switch is always closed, and the main power supply is charged by suddenly charging a large current. Preferably, it opens only when at least one of the predicted value of the current and the predicted value of the charging voltage exceeds the respective allowable range, and at least one of the charging current and the charging voltage of the auxiliary power source exceeds the respective allowable range.

The main power supply is further always connected to the load, and the on / off switch further switches whether to supply power to the load from the auxiliary power supply, and the auxiliary power supply further has a larger output power capability than the main power supply. The on / off switch is further configured to allow at least one of a predicted value of a discharge current after a predetermined time of the main power supply and a predicted value of a discharge voltage after a predetermined time of the main power supply to generate an abrupt large current discharge. It is preferable to close when the range is exceeded and to open when both the discharge current and the discharge voltage have recovered to their respective allowable ranges due to termination of the sudden large current discharge.
Here, in the first and second embodiments of the present invention, the fuel cell is selected from the group consisting of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell, and a solid oxide fuel cell. The air battery includes one selected from the group consisting of a zinc air battery, an air iron battery, an air aluminum battery, an air magnesium battery, a shuttle battery (registered trademark), and the secondary battery includes , A lead-acid battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, and an all-solid-state battery.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, malfunction of the electronic device connected to the main power supply can be prevented, and it can respond to the rapid fluctuation | variation of electric power demand or electric power supply.
Further, according to the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, it can be used more safely than conventional ones.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a combined power supply according to first and second embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a shuttle battery (registered trademark).

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
First, the composite power supply according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. The composite power supply according to the first embodiment is an example of a composite power supply capable of responding to a sudden change in power demand. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a combined power supply according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention.

The composite power supply 10a according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a main power supply 12a, an auxiliary power supply 14a, and an open / close switch 16a. The main power supply 12a is one selected from the group consisting of a fuel cell, an air cell, a secondary cell, a primary cell, and a composite cell in which at least two of them are connected to each other, and is always connected to the load 18. You. The auxiliary power supply 14a is a secondary battery having an output power capability larger than that of the main power supply 12a and an internal impedance smaller than that of the main power supply 12a, and is connected in parallel to the main power supply 12a. The open / close switch 16a is connected in series to the auxiliary power supply 14a, and switches whether to supply power from the auxiliary power supply 14a to the load 18.

More specifically, the on / off switch 16a is configured such that at least one of a predicted value of a discharge current after a predetermined time and a predicted value of a discharge voltage after a predetermined time of the main power supply 12a is in an allowable range due to the occurrence of a sudden large current discharge. Is closed, the power supply from the auxiliary power supply 14a to the load 18 is started. The open / close switch 16a is opened when both the discharge current and the discharge voltage recover within the respective allowable ranges due to the termination of the rapid large current discharge, and stops the power supply from the auxiliary power supply 14a to the load 18. The open / close switch 16a may be opened / closed based on either the predicted value of the discharge current of the main power supply 12a after a predetermined time or the predicted value of the discharge voltage after a predetermined time. When the main power supply 12a is a rechargeable battery, the battery is charged during normal use. When the auxiliary power source 14a is a rechargeable battery, the battery is charged at the same time when the completely discharged main power source 12a is replaced or when the main power source 12a is rechargeable, when the main power source 12a is charged. In order to prevent the consumption of the electric power charged in the auxiliary power supply 14a, the open / close switch 16a is open during normal use. The external power supply 22 may not be connected to the composite power supply 10a. Here, “always” in the present invention means a normal time excluding an emergency, and the predetermined time means several hundred milliseconds to several tens of seconds.
With such a configuration, the composite power supply of the present invention can stabilize the voltage of the main power supply, so that malfunction of an electronic device connected to the main power supply can be prevented.

The predicted value of the discharge current after a predetermined time in the composite power supply 10a of the first embodiment of the present invention is predicted and calculated from the increase rate of the discharge current of the main power supply 12a, and the predicted value of the discharge voltage after the predetermined time is It may be predicted and calculated from the rate of decrease of the discharge voltage of the power supply 12a. For example, when the lower limit of the allowable range of the discharge current is set to 100%, the current value of the discharge current is set to 75%, the rate of increase of the discharge current is set to 10% per second, and the predetermined time is set to 3 seconds. , The discharge current reaches the lower limit of the allowable range after 2.5 seconds, the predicted value of the discharge current after a predetermined time becomes 105%, and exceeds the lower limit of 100% of the allowable range of the discharge current. Can be predicted. Therefore, if the open / close switch 16a is closed at a timing corresponding to the timing, the power supply from the auxiliary power supply 14a to the load 18 can be started while the main power supply 12a keeps a safe state. Further, the rate of increase of the discharge current of the main power supply 12a and the rate of decrease of the discharge voltage may be approximated more finely by a quadratic equation or an exponential function.
With such a configuration, the composite power supply of the present invention calculates a predicted value after a predetermined time in advance based on the speed of change, and thus can respond to a sudden fluctuation in power demand or power supply.

The composite power supply 10a according to the first embodiment of the present invention may further include a safety switch 20a. In that case, the safety switch 20a is connected in series to the composite power supply 10a, and switches whether to supply power to the load 18 from the composite power supply 10a. Specifically, the safety switch 20a is always closed, the power supply from the composite power supply 10a to the load 18 is continued, and a sudden large current discharge occurs, whereby the predicted value of the discharge current of the main power supply 12a and the prediction of the discharge voltage are calculated. Open only when at least one of the values exceeds the respective allowable range and at least one of the discharge current and the discharge voltage of the auxiliary power supply 14a exceeds the respective allowable range, and stops supplying power from the composite power supply 10a to the load 18. I do.
With such a configuration, the composite power supply of the present invention can be used safely.

The primary battery constituting the composite power supply 10a according to the first embodiment of the present invention is one selected from the group consisting of a manganese dry battery, an alkaline dry battery, a lithium primary battery, an alkaline button battery, a silver oxide battery, and an air zinc battery. May be included. A manganese dry battery is a primary battery in which manganese dioxide is used as a positive electrode and depolarizer, zinc is used in a negative electrode, and starch paste zinc chloride or ammonium chloride is used in an electrolytic solution. An alkaline dry battery is a primary battery in which manganese dioxide and graphite powder are used for a positive electrode, zinc is used for a negative electrode, and a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is used for an electrolytic solution. Lithium primary battery uses one of graphite fluoride, manganese dioxide, thionyl chloride, iron sulfide, and copper oxide for positive electrode, lithium for negative electrode, and non-aqueous organic electrolyte for electrolyte It is a primary battery. The alkaline button battery is a button-type primary battery using manganese dioxide for the positive electrode, zinc for the negative electrode, and an alkaline aqueous solution for the electrolyte. A silver oxide battery is a button-type primary battery using silver oxide for a positive electrode, zinc for a negative electrode, and an alkaline aqueous solution for an electrolytic solution. The zinc-air battery is a button-type primary battery using oxygen for the positive electrode, zinc for the negative electrode, and an alkaline aqueous solution for the electrolyte.
With such a configuration, the composite power supply of the present invention can stabilize the voltage of the main power supply, so that malfunction of an electronic device connected to the main power supply can be prevented.

The fuel cell constituting the composite power supply 10a according to the first embodiment of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell, and a solid oxide fuel cell. It may include one that has been done. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell is a fuel cell using a solid polymer membrane (electrolyte) having ion conductivity between a fuel electrode (negative electrode) and an air electrode (positive electrode). A phosphoric acid fuel cell is a fuel cell that uses a separator in which a phosphoric acid aqueous solution is impregnated (electrolyte) between a fuel electrode (negative electrode) and an air electrode (positive electrode). A molten carbonate fuel cell uses a fuel cell in which a molten carbonate such as lithium carbonate or potassium carbonate is impregnated in a separator between a fuel electrode (negative electrode) and an air electrode (positive electrode) (electrolyte). It is. A solid oxide fuel cell is a fuel cell that uses ion-conductive ceramics (electrolyte) such as stabilized zirconia, lanthanum, and gallium perovskite oxide between the fuel electrode (negative electrode) and the air electrode (positive electrode). is there.

The air battery that constitutes the composite power supply 10a according to the first embodiment of the present invention is one selected from the group consisting of a zinc-air battery, an iron-iron battery, an aluminum-air battery, a magnesium-air battery, and a shuttle battery (registered trademark). May be included. A zinc-air battery is an air battery in which oxygen in the air is used for a positive electrode, zinc is used for a negative electrode, and an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is used for an electrolyte. An air iron battery is an air battery in which oxygen in the air is used for a positive electrode, iron is used for a negative electrode, and an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is used for an electrolyte. An air aluminum battery is an air battery in which oxygen in the air is used for a positive electrode, aluminum is used for a negative electrode, and a saline solution, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, or the like is used for an electrolytic solution. An air magnesium battery is an air battery using oxygen in the air for a positive electrode, using magnesium for a negative electrode, and using a saline solution for an electrolyte.

The secondary battery constituting the composite power supply 10a according to the first embodiment of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a lead storage battery, a NiCd battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, and an all-solid battery. It may include one that has been done. A lead storage battery is a secondary battery that uses lead dioxide for the positive electrode, spongy lead for the negative electrode, and dilute sulfuric acid for the electrolyte. The NiCd battery is a secondary battery using nickel oxyhydroxide for the positive electrode, cadmium for the negative electrode, and an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide for the electrolyte. A nickel-metal hydride battery is a secondary battery in which nickel oxyhydroxide is used for a positive electrode, hydrogen or a hydrogen storage alloy is used for a negative electrode, and a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is used for an electrolytic solution. A lithium ion secondary battery is a secondary battery using a lithium transition metal composite oxide for a positive electrode, a carbon material for a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte for an electrolyte. A lithium polymer secondary battery is a secondary battery using a lithium transition metal composite oxide for a positive electrode, a carbon material for a negative electrode, and a gel non-aqueous electrolyte polymer for an electrolyte. The all-solid-state battery is a secondary battery using a lithium transition metal composite oxide for a positive electrode, a carbon material for a negative electrode, and an inorganic solid electrolyte for an electrolyte.

Next, the shuttle battery (registered trademark) will be described. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the shuttle battery (registered trademark).

The shuttle battery (registered trademark) 30 of FIG. 2 is included in an air battery in terms of classification, and has an electrode assembly 32, a negative electrode fuel substance body 34, a heater (not shown), and a sealed container 36. The electrode assembly 32 includes an air-tight solid electrolyte body 32a, a positive electrode 32b (also referred to as an air electrode and a cathode), and a negative electrode 32c (also referred to as a fuel electrode and an anode), and includes a positive electrode lead 32p and a negative electrode lead 32n. Prepare. The closed container 36 includes the solid electrolyte member 32a or the negative electrode 32c as a part of the wall surface, and seals the negative electrode fuel substance member 34. During discharge, the solid electrolyte member 32a conducts oxygen ions, the positive electrode 32b reduces oxygen in the air to oxygen ions, and the negative electrode 32c oxidizes hydrogen gas to water vapor. The anode fuel material body 34 is, for example, iron particles, reacts with water vapor to generate hydrogen gas, and turns itself into an oxide. Due to the reaction at the time of the discharge, a current flows from the positive electrode 32b to the negative electrode 32c through the positive electrode lead 32p, the load, and the negative electrode lead 32n in this order. The heater is for heating and maintaining the solid electrolyte body 32a and the anode fuel substance body 34 at a predetermined temperature or higher. Here, the predetermined temperature is, for example, a temperature required to execute a conduction reaction of oxygen ions in the solid electrolyte body 32a or an oxidation-reduction reaction between iron particles and hydrogen gas at a constant rate. The temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or higher.
With such a configuration, the composite power supply of the present invention can stabilize the voltage of the main power supply, so that malfunction of an electronic device connected to the main power supply can be prevented.

複合 The composite power supply according to the first embodiment of the present invention is basically configured as described above. With such a configuration, the composite power supply of the present invention can prevent malfunction of an electronic device connected to the main power supply, and can respond to a sudden change in power demand or power supply, It can be used more safely than before.

Next, a composite power supply according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The composite power supply according to the second embodiment is an example of a composite power supply that can cope with a sudden change in power supply.
The composite power supply 10b according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a main power supply 12b, an auxiliary power supply 14b, and an open / close switch 16b. The main power supply 12 b is one selected from the group consisting of a fuel cell, an air battery, a secondary battery, and a composite battery in which at least two of them are connected to each other, and is always connected to the external power supply 22. The auxiliary power supply 14b is a secondary battery having an input power capability larger than that of the main power supply 12b and an internal impedance smaller than that of the main power supply 12b, and is connected in parallel to the main power supply 12b. The open / close switch 16b is connected in series to the auxiliary power supply 14b, and switches whether to supply power from the external power supply 22 to the auxiliary power supply 14b.

More specifically, the on / off switch 16b is configured such that at least one of the predicted value of the charging current after a predetermined time of the main power supply 12b and the predicted value of the charging voltage after the predetermined time due to the occurrence of a sudden large current charge is within an allowable range. Is closed, the power supply from the external power supply 22 to the auxiliary power supply 14b is started. The open / close switch 16b is opened when both the charging current and the charging voltage recover within the respective allowable ranges due to the end of the rapid large-current charging, and stops the power supply from the external power supply 22 to the auxiliary power supply 14b. The open / close switch 16b may be opened / closed based on either the predicted value of the charging current after a predetermined time of the main power supply 12b or the predicted value of the charging voltage after the predetermined time. The load 18 may not be connected to the composite power supply 10b. Further, the fuel cell, the air battery, and the secondary battery that constitute the composite power supply 10b of the second embodiment of the present invention are the fuel cell, the air battery, and the secondary battery that constitute the composite power supply 10a of the first embodiment of the present invention. Since they are the same as the following batteries, their description is omitted.
With such a configuration, the composite power supply of the present invention can stabilize the voltage of the main power supply, so that malfunction of an electronic device connected to the main power supply can be prevented.

The predicted value of the charging current after a predetermined time in the composite power supply 10b according to the second embodiment of the present invention is predicted and calculated from the increase rate of the charging current of the main power supply 12b, and the predicted value of the charging voltage after the predetermined time is It may be predicted and calculated from the rising speed of the charging voltage of the power supply 12b. For example, when the lower limit of the allowable range of the charging current is 100%, the current value of the charging current is 75%, the rate of increase of the charging current is 10% per second, and the predetermined time is 3 seconds, , The charging current reaches the lower limit of the allowable range after 2.5 seconds, the predicted value of the charging current after a predetermined time becomes 105%, and exceeds the lower limit of 100% of the allowable range of the charging current. Can be predicted. Therefore, if the open / close switch 16b is closed at a timing corresponding to the time, the power supply from the external power supply 22 to the auxiliary power supply 14b can be started while the main power supply 12b keeps a safe state. Further, the increasing speed of the charging current and the increasing speed of the charging voltage of the main power supply 12b may be more finely approximated by a quadratic expression or an exponential function.
With such a configuration, the composite power supply of the present invention calculates a predicted value after a predetermined time in advance based on the speed of change, and thus can respond to a sudden fluctuation in power demand or power supply.

The composite power supply 10b according to the second embodiment of the present invention may further include a safety switch 20b. In that case, the safety switch 20b is connected in series to the composite power supply 10b, and switches whether to supply power from the external power supply 22 to the composite power supply 10b. More specifically, the safety switch 20b is always closed to continuously supply power from the external power supply 22 to the composite power supply 10b, and a sudden large current charge occurs, so that the predicted value of the charge current of the main power supply 12b and the charge voltage Open only when at least one of the predicted values exceeds the respective allowable range and at least one of the charging current and the charging voltage of the auxiliary power supply 14b exceeds the respective allowable range, and power is supplied from the external power supply 22 to the composite power supply 10b. To stop.
With such a configuration, the composite power supply of the present invention can be used safely.

The main power supply 12b, the auxiliary power supply 14b, the open / close switch 16b, and the safety switch 20b constituting the composite power supply 10b according to the second embodiment of the present invention are the main power supply 12a constituting the composite power supply 10a according to the first embodiment of the present invention. , The auxiliary power supply 14a, the open / close switch 16a, and the safety switch 20a can have all other functions except that the main power supply 12a includes a primary battery.

複合 The composite power supply according to the second embodiment of the present invention is basically configured as described above. With such a configuration, the composite power supply of the present invention can prevent malfunction of an electronic device connected to the main power supply, and can respond to a sudden change in power demand or power supply, It can be used more safely than before.

Although the composite power supply of the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above description, and it is needless to say that various improvements and changes may be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

The combined power supply of the present invention has the effect of preventing malfunctions of electronic devices connected to the main power supply, and being able to respond to sudden fluctuations in power demand or power supply, as well as being safer than conventional devices. There is also an effect that it can be used, which is industrially useful.

10a, 10b

Composite power supply

12a, 12b

Main power supply

14a, 14b

Auxiliary power supply

16a, 16b Open / close switch 18

Load

20a, 20b Safety switch 22 External power supply 30 Shuttle battery (registered trademark)
Reference Signs List 32 electrode composite 32a solid electrolyte body 32b positive electrode 32c negative electrode 32p positive lead 32n negative lead 34 negative fuel material 36 closed container

Claims

A main power supply always connected to the load,
An auxiliary power supply connected in parallel to the main power supply;
An open / close switch that is connected in series to the auxiliary power supply and switches whether to supply power to the load from the auxiliary power supply,
The main power source is one selected from the group consisting of a fuel cell, an air battery, a secondary battery, a primary battery, and a composite battery in which at least two of them are connected to each other;
The auxiliary power supply is a secondary battery having an output power capability greater than the main power supply and an internal impedance smaller than the main power supply,
The open / close switch is configured such that when a sudden large current discharge occurs, at least one of a predicted value of a discharge current after a predetermined time of the main power supply and a predicted value of a discharge voltage after a predetermined time exceeds respective allowable ranges. A combined power supply that closes and opens when both the discharge current and the discharge voltage have returned to within their respective tolerances due to the termination of the sudden high current discharge.
The predicted value of the discharge current after the predetermined time is predicted and calculated from the rate of increase of the discharge current of the main power supply, and the predicted value of the discharge voltage after the predetermined time is predicted and calculated from the rate of decrease of the discharge voltage of the main power supply. The composite power supply according to claim 1, wherein:
Further, a safety switch is connected in series to the composite power supply, and switches whether to supply power to the load from the composite power supply,
The safety switch is normally closed and at least one of the predicted value of the discharge current and the predicted value of the discharge voltage of the main power supply exceeds the respective allowable range due to the sudden large current discharge, and the auxiliary switch The composite power supply according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite power supply is opened only when at least one of a discharge current and a discharge voltage of the power supply exceeds respective allowable ranges.
The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the primary battery includes one selected from the group consisting of a manganese dry battery, an alkaline dry battery, a lithium primary battery, an alkaline button battery, a silver oxide battery, and an air zinc battery. Composite power supply.
A main power supply that is always connected to an external power supply,
An auxiliary power supply connected in parallel to the main power supply;
An open / close switch that is connected in series to the auxiliary power supply and switches whether to supply power to the auxiliary power supply from the external power supply,
The main power source is one selected from the group consisting of a fuel cell, an air battery, a secondary battery, and a composite battery in which at least two of them are connected to each other;
The auxiliary power source is a secondary battery including an input power capability larger than the main power source and an internal impedance smaller than the main power source,
The open / close switch is provided when at least one of a predicted value of a charging current after a predetermined time of the main power supply and a predicted value of a charging voltage after a predetermined time of the main power supply exceeds a respective allowable range due to a sudden large current charging. A combined power supply that closes and opens when both the charging current and the charging voltage are restored to within their respective tolerances due to termination of the rapid high current charging.
The predicted value of the charging current after the predetermined time is predicted and calculated from the increasing speed of the charging current of the main power supply, and the predicted value of the charging voltage after the predetermined time is predicted and calculated from the rising speed of the charging voltage of the main power supply. The combined power supply according to claim 5, wherein
Further, a safety switch that is connected in series to the composite power supply and switches whether to supply power to the composite power supply from the external power supply,
The safety switch is normally closed and at least one of the predicted value of the charging current and the predicted value of the charging voltage of the main power supply exceeds the respective allowable range due to the sudden large current charging, and the auxiliary switch 7. The composite power supply according to claim 5, wherein the power supply is opened only when at least one of a charging current and a charging voltage of the power supply exceeds respective allowable ranges.
The main power supply is further always connected to a load,
The open / close switch further switches whether to supply power to the load from the auxiliary power supply,
The auxiliary power supply is a secondary battery further having an output power capability greater than the main power supply,
The open / close switch further includes a sudden large current discharge that causes at least one of a predicted value of a discharge current of the main power supply after a predetermined time and a predicted value of a discharge voltage after a predetermined time to exceed respective allowable ranges. The combined power supply according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the composite power supply is closed when the discharge current and the discharge voltage both recover within the respective allowable ranges due to termination of the rapid high-current discharge. .
The fuel cell includes one selected from the group consisting of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell, and a solid oxide fuel cell,
The air battery includes one selected from the group consisting of a zinc-air battery, an iron-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, a magnesium-air battery, and a shuttle battery (registered trademark);
The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the secondary battery includes one selected from the group consisting of a lead storage battery, a NiCd battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, and an all solid state battery. The combined power supply according to claim 1.