WO2020014156A1 - Tapis industriels ayant des structures de noyau économiquement rentables - Google Patents

Tapis industriels ayant des structures de noyau économiquement rentables Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020014156A1
WO2020014156A1 PCT/US2019/040877 US2019040877W WO2020014156A1 WO 2020014156 A1 WO2020014156 A1 WO 2020014156A1 US 2019040877 W US2019040877 W US 2019040877W WO 2020014156 A1 WO2020014156 A1 WO 2020014156A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mat
mats
core
inventory
wood
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2019/040877
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
JR. Joe PENLAND
Original Assignee
Quality Mat Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US16/030,263 external-priority patent/US10753050B2/en
Application filed by Quality Mat Company filed Critical Quality Mat Company
Priority to MX2020008696A priority Critical patent/MX2020008696A/es
Priority to CA3090704A priority patent/CA3090704A1/fr
Priority to GB2012949.0A priority patent/GB2585290A/en
Priority to AU2019301562A priority patent/AU2019301562A1/en
Publication of WO2020014156A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020014156A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/14—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of wooden units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/08—Temporary pavings
    • E01C9/086—Temporary pavings made of concrete, wood, bitumen, rubber or synthetic material or a combination thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reusable system for the construction of roadways and equipment support surfaces in areas having poor ground integrity characteristics. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system of durable mats which can be interconnected to form roadways and/or equipment support surfaces. More particularly still, the present invention relates to a reusable system of mats which can be quickly and easily positioned in a single layer to form roadways and/or equipment support surfaces, and which can thereafter be easily removed and stored until needed again.
  • Mats for this use are generally known in the art and are available from Quality Mat Company, Beaumont, Texas. In remote and unstable environments, a stable roadway (or any roadway) often does not exist, such that temporary roadways are assembled by aligning planks, boards or mats along the desired path.
  • the mats provide temporary structures for various construction projects as well as for use in environmental or disaster cleanup projects. These mats enable trucks and other equipment to drive over, store equipment on, or create campsites on otherwise unstable, soft or moist land or damaged areas by providing a relatively level and stable surface.
  • conventional wood mats provide useful service at a reasonable cost, the wood core, which is typically made of white oak, can deteriorate over time due to moisture causing gradual rotting and degradation of the wood material. This causes the mat to be discarded, because unlike some of the other materials that are used on the upper and lower layers of the mat, the core cannot be replaced without essentially making an entirely new mat.
  • conventional crane mats that are typically 4 feet wide and utilize 8x8 inch to 12x12 inch beams that are up to 40 feet in length, utilize beams that are made of oak and preferably white oak as that material provides acceptable performance of the mats for a significant service life at a reasonable cost.
  • Such mats are also available from Quality Mat Company, Beaumont, Texas.
  • the invention relates to industrial mats having substantially flat top and bottom surfaces and comprising first and second side beams having a height, width and length with a top surface, sides, and a bottom surface; a core structure located between and connected to a side of first and second side beams, with the support structure having a height that is less than that of the side beams, a width and a length, with the support structure comprising first and second longitudinal members; a plurality of joining rods that attach the side beams to the support structure, with the joining rods passing through the sides of the side beams and the sides of the longitudinal members of the support structure; one or more first elongated members attached to the upper portion of the support structure, wherein the top surface of the mat is formed by the top surfaces of the beams and the first elongated member(s); and one or more second elongated members attached to the lower portion of the support structure, wherein the bottom surface of the mat is formed by the bottom surfaces of the beams and the second elongated member(s).
  • the first and second longitudinal members are typically rectangular beams or members that provide flat side faces for contact with the side beams; the side beams are made of solid cut wood or engineered lumber; the first and second elongated members have the same thickness and are boards or sheets made of solid cut wood, engineered lumber, plastic or recycled materials; and the elongated members are bolted to the support structure.
  • the side beams are timbers of engineered lumber or oak or other hardwoods, or are solid or filled or unfilled hollow rectangular plastic members that optionally may be reinforced, the longitudinal members are timbers of pine or other softwoods, and the first and second elongated members are boards of uniform width which are spaced to provide water drainage between adjacent boards.
  • These mats generally include side beams having width and height dimensions of between about 1x6 inches and about 24x24 inches and a length of between about 4 and 60 feet and longitudinal members having width and height dimensions of between about 1x5 inches and about 24x22 inches, wherein the height and length of the longitudinal members is 0.5 to 2 inches less than that of the side beams on each peripheral side of the longitudinal members.
  • the beams have width and height dimensions of between about 8x8 inches and about 16x16 inches and lengths of between about 6 and 30 feet and the longitudinal members have width and height dimensions of between about 8x6 inches and about 16x14 inches, wherein the height and length of the longitudinal members is about 1 to 2 inches less than that of the side beams on each peripheral side of the longitudinal members.
  • the invention includes crane mats that include between 2 and 4 longitudinal members of pine or softwood timbers.
  • a steel plate can be provided between each pair of adjacent beams or longitudinal members.
  • These steel plates have a thickness of between about 1/8 inch and about 1 inch, and a height and length that are essentially the same as to 2 inches less than that of the longitudinal members on each peripheral side of the steel plates.
  • the height and length of the steel plates are about 1 ⁇ 2 inch as to 2 inches less than that of the longitudinal members on each peripheral side of the steel plates.
  • the side beams preferably have the same dimensions and are attached to the longitudinal members to locate their upper surfaces about 1 to about 3 inches above the longitudinal members and to locate their lower surfaces about 1 to about 3 inches below the longitudinal members, wherein the first and second plurality of elongated members each have a thickness of about 1 to about 3 inches to provide the substantially flat upper and lower surfaces of the mat.
  • first and second plurality of elongated members and adjacent longitudinal members have one or more openings to provide access to one or more of the joining rods to facilitate lifting or manipulation of the mat.
  • these mats can include lighting elements embedded in the elongated members to provide light to assist in the use of the mat during the night or on days that are dark due to poor weather conditions.
  • the first side beam may be sized to provide about one half the height of the mat, with the first side beam attached to an upper portion of the support structure, or the second side beam is sized to provide one half the height of the mat and is attached to the second side of the support structure in a lower position, or both the first and second beams are sized as recited in order to provide interlocking structures.
  • the first side beam of one mat sits upon the second side beam of an adjacent mat to form an interlocked structure of conjoined mats.
  • the first side beam may be sized to provide about one half the height of the mat, with the first side beam extending above the support structure by about 1 to about 3 inches with the elongated member or members adjacent the first side beam having a thickness of about 1 to about 3 inches.
  • the second side beam may be sized to extend below the support structure by about 1 to about 3 inches with the elongated member or members adjacent the first side beam having a thickness of about 1 to about 3 inches.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to an inventory of industrial mats having different core or internal constructions of wood, engineered wood, thermoplastics, elastomers, thermosetting plastics, metal, or of coated or encapsulated components.
  • Each mat that has a different core or internal construction includes identification means that indicates the core or internal construction of that mat.
  • the identification means comprises an external color code, a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, or an alphanumeric indicator applied to an outer surface of the mat or that is provided upon a plate that is applied to an outer surface of the mat.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • the identification means comprises an external color code
  • that color code is placed in the same position on each mat for easy identification.
  • the external color code is placed along a longitudinal side of each mat so that the color coding is visible when the mats are stacked upon each other.
  • the identification means may be a RFID tag that is attached to the mat and that can be scanned to identify the core or internal construction of the mat.
  • the identification means can also be another electronic device that includes a processor, storage, and wireless communications circuitry.
  • the identification means can be an external alphanumeric indicator that is applied to an outer surface of the mat or that is provided upon a plate that is applied to an outer surface of the mat. These are preferably placed on the mat is an area where they are visible and where they would not be subject to contact by equipment that is placed on or that travels over the mat. Again, the side of the mat is a good location for such identification means.
  • each mat can be provided with a surface color that indicates a potential use or non-use of the mat. These colors can include red to indicate that portions of the mat need to be kept free of equipment, yellow for indicating that caution is needed or green to indicate portions of the mat that are designed to accommodate travel or movement by trucks or heavy equipment upon and over the mat.
  • a further embodiment of the invention relates to an inventory of industrial mats having different core or internal constructions that are not visible because of the inclusion of side, end, upper and lower components which hide the core or internal construction from view, wherein each mat includes an electronic device that includes a processor, storage, and wireless communications circuitry that is configured to transmit identification, location, usage or physical property information of the mats over a wireless telecommunications network.
  • the electronic device is configured to communicate with electronic devices in other mats using a local network.
  • the electronic device is configured to communicate real time location information to a server.
  • the electronic device includes one or more sensor including a vibration sensor that generate vibration data and the electronic device is configured to store the vibration data and transmit the vibration data to a server.
  • the electronic device is configured to send messages of such information to other devices through other electronic devices in other mats.
  • the electronic device may also be configured to store an identification of the mat and manufacturing date of the mat and to transmit the identification and manufacturing date to a server. It also can be configured to include information such as the weight of the mats, their load capabilities, markets or applications where the mats are to be used, the style and type of mats, maximum load limits, age of the mat e.g., by quarter, condition of the mats (i.e., service hours, damage or wear conditions, etc.) ⁇
  • the information can be provided with color coding for ease of viewing and interpretation.
  • Another feature of the invention relates to a method for providing an identification of mat properties or usage for an inventory of mats, which comprises providing an inventory of mats as described herein and viewing the identification means to determine the hidden core or internal construction of the mats so that the appropriate mats can be selected and provided to a customer or user, or for retrieving over a wireless telecommunications network
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of one embodiment of the mat of the invention which includes a core structure of fiberglass reinforced polyester beams and outer wood board layers;
  • Figure 2 is a side view of a reinforced polyester beam for use in the mat of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a view of the assembled mat of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the mat of the invention to illustrate an open celled honeycomb structure for the core;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the mat of the invention to illustrate an open celled hexagonal honeycomb structure for the core structure and the presence of additional sheet members to retain particulate filler in the cells;
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of a mat that includes a steel I-beam frame, wood skins, a foam core structure and bumpers on all sides of the mat;
  • Figure 7 is an exploded view of a mat that includes a steel I-beam frame, polymer skins, a foam core, and bumpers on all sides of the mat;
  • Figures 8 and 9 are exploded views of a mat that includes a fiberglass reinforced tube section frame, polymer skins, a foam core structure that interlocks with the skins and bumpers on all sides of the mat;
  • Figure 10 is an exploded view of a mat that includes a fiberglass reinforced tube section frame, wood boards, a laminated oak core structure and an outer oak edge construction that protects the tube section;
  • Figure 11 is an exploded view of a mat that includes a metal frame, upper and lower wood boards and wood bumpers;
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a mat according to the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is an exploded view of the mat of Figure 12 to illustrate the various components present therein;
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of the support structure for the mat of Figure 12;
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of a mat according to the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a partial sectional view of the support structure for the mat of Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a view of certain peripheral components for the mat of Figure 12;
  • Figure 18 is a perspective view of a crane or pipeline mat according to the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is an exploded view of the crane or pipeline mat of Figure 18;
  • Figure 20 is an exploded view of an interlocking mat having a steel frame and woodblock core
  • Figure 21 is a view of the constructed mat of Figure 20 with a portion of the comer removed to show the welded frame and core structure;
  • Figure 22 is an exploded view of an interlocking mat having a grating of a fiberglass reinforced thermosetting material
  • Figure 23 illustrates the assembled mat of Figure 22
  • Figure 24 is a perspective view of a crane mat having a core construction of pine timbers that are protected by oak beams and boards;
  • Figure 25 is an exploded view of the crane mat of Figure 24 to illustrate the various components of the mat;
  • Figure 26 is a partial perspective view of the end of the crane mat of Figure 24;
  • Figure 27 is a partial perspective view of the end of the crane mat of Figure 24 with certain out components removed to better illustrate the internal components of the mat;
  • Figure 28 is a schematic view of a software application for monitoring locations, properties and usage of the mats.
  • Figure 29 is a functional block diagram from an on-board device that provides identification feature and potentially other functionality such as tracking.
  • the invention provides a number of different mats each having an environmentally resistant core and that includes replaceable elongated members, such as wood boards, on the top and/or bottom surfaces of the mat. These members can be replaced as they wear or are damaged while the environmentally resistant core can be reused and provided with new elongated members.
  • the core is typically made of steel components, thermoplastic members, thermoplastic units, and thermoset gratings. In some cases, wood can be used for core components.
  • the new and improved industrial mats of the present invention now provide additional advantages over conventional mats.
  • the use of a support structure that is not made of wood conserves timber resources which would otherwise be harvested to provide the long length beans for construction of the mats.
  • only the side beams of wood are used with the support structure providing the remaining width of the mat.
  • the support structure is not of the same height as the side beams to allow other, thinner elongated members to be applied to the top and bottom of the support structure so that the upper and lower surfaces of the mat are substantially uniform.
  • These members may be wood but shorter lengths and thinner cross sections are used.
  • the wood members of the mat that are to experience abuse or wear are preferably made of hardwoods such as white oak, red oak, beech, hickory, pecan, ash or combinations thereof.
  • engineered wood materials as described herein can instead be used.
  • certain longitudinal members of the core construction can be made of softwoods such as pine because it is a lower cost, readily available wood material.
  • softwoods are not as abrasion and abuse resistant as hardwoods, the invention contemplates using the softwoods as internal components and protecting them with upper, lower and side materials of hardwoods, engineered lumber or plastic materials.
  • the use of fiberglass reinforced thermosetting resins, generally in the form of a pultrusion, for the side beams and elongated members can be used to essentially eliminate any wood in the mats. This further conserves timber resources.
  • thermosetting plastic material or“fiberglass reinforced plastic” means a thermosetting material that is reinforced generally with glass fibers or other types of fiber strengthening materials, such as carbon, aramid, basalt or other fiber materials.
  • the thermosetting material is usually a polyester, epoxy, vinylester or even a phenol formaldehyde resin. Skilled artisans are well aware of these and equivalent materials that are suitable to meet this definition.
  • non-wood support structure enables that component to be reused in the event that the side beams or elongated members become damaged or experience deterioration due to use and exposure to harsh environmental conditions.
  • the term“industrial mat” is intended to cover relatively large mats having widths of at least about 4 feet with lengths running from about 4 feet to 40 feet and incorporating elongated members, beams, or other components having square or rectangular cross sections of sizes of at least about 1x6 inches to 24x24 inches with lengths from about 4 feet to as much as 40 feet or more. Preferred dimensions are described throughout the specification.
  • non-wood to describe the support structure is used for its ordinary meaning.
  • the components of the structure are generally not made of wood but instead are made of meat, a thermosetting plastic or other materials that are resistant to degradation due to environmental factors such as moisture from water, snow or ice, organisms that can cause wood rot, or similar external factors that affect wood.
  • the term“substantially” is used for its ordinary meaning to indicate that the dimensions are not precise or exact. A skilled artisan can readily determine what tolerances are acceptable to provide a surface that is considered to be flat based upon the size of the side beams and the type of service that the mat is expected to provide. There is no requirement that the beams and elongated members be flush with each other along the top and bottom surfaces of the mat. Typically, the term“substantially’ will mean that the top surfaces of the beams and elongated members can vary by as much as a few inches although in the more preferred embodiments the variance is less than 1 inch.
  • the invention contemplates the use of various components in the mat structure.
  • elongated members of wood boards have been used and the term“elongated members” as used herein means structures that assimilate wood boards or are otherwise configured with rectangular cross sections and lengths which are preferably the full length of the mat. Shorter lengths of these structures can be used, however, as they are typically bolted to the other components to form the mat.
  • These elongated members are typically solid but they can be hollow tubular components which are optionally filled with other materials such as foams or particles.
  • the sizes for such elongated members are about 1 to 4 inches thick, about 6 to 12 inches wide and typically the length of the mat.
  • Shorter boards can be used if desired and often are used when the mat is longer than 20 feet but full length boards for the entire length of the mat is preferred when possible. Lengths of 12 to 16 feet are common.
  • the preferred dimensions are 2 inches thick, 8 inches wide and a length that is the same as that of the mat (e.g., often 12, 14 or 16 feet or longer if desired).
  • a structured unit This can be a sheet or plate, or a layer which is solid or that includes cells or other openings to reduce weight or provide openings to facilitate joining of the components by bolting or permanent or other non-permanent means.
  • the size of such units ranges from about 1 to 4 inches thick, about 4 to 12 feet wide and typically the length of the mat. It is also possible to use multiple units in large mats, such as units that represent a portion (e.g., 1/3 or 1/2) of the size of the mat.
  • the preferred dimensions are about 2 to 4 inches thick, 8 feet wide and a length that is the same as that of the mat (e.g., often 12, 14 or 16 feet or longer if desired).
  • bolting is used as it allowed the components of the outer layers of the mat to be removed if damaged or deteriorated and replaced with other components while the environmentally resistant core of the mat can be reused.
  • some or all of the components that are used can be permanently joined together by welding or an adhesive.
  • thermoplastic or polymeric materials can be used for the core structure of the mats of this invention. These materials would be molded or cast to the desired size and thickness of the mat. Useful materials include:
  • ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  • EVA Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate
  • Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) Ethylene vinyl alcohol
  • Kydex a trademarked acrylic/PVC alloy
  • PAEK Polyaryletherketone
  • PCI Polycaprolactone
  • PCTFE Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PE Polyethylene
  • PSU Polysulfone
  • PTT Polytrimethylene terephthalate
  • PVDC Polyvinylidene chloride
  • fiberboard as the elongated members or sheets that form the core structure.
  • the fiberboard material is made of recycled plastic or polymeric materials from used carpets, plastic packaging and the like. They can be provided in the desired sizes for use as the core structure of the mats of this invention. In addition to being
  • these fiber boards are environmentally friendly by allowing recycling of used materials that contain plastic or polymeric materials.
  • the core structure may also be made of an elastomeric material.
  • the elastomers are usually thermosets (requiring vulcanization) but may also be thermoplastic.
  • Typical elastomers include:
  • Unsaturated rubbers that can be cured by sulfur vulcanization - these are preferred from a strength and hardness standpoint:
  • Natural polyisoprene cis-l,4-polyisoprene natural rubber and trans-l,4
  • Chloropene rubber i.e., polychloroprene
  • Butyl rubber i.e., copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene
  • halogenated butyl rubbers chloro butyl rubber; bromo butyl rubber); Styrene-butadiene Rubber (copolymer of styrene and butadiene); and
  • Nitrile rubber copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile
  • Saturated (i.e., non-vulcanizable) rubbers include:
  • EPM Ethylene propylene rubber
  • EPDM Ethylene propylene diene rubber
  • Fluorosibcone Rubber Fluoroelastomers
  • Chlorosulfonated polyethylene Chlorosulfonated polyethylene.
  • the elastomeric, thermoplastic or thermosetting materials disclosed herein can also be provided with conventional fillers to increase weight and hardness. They also can be reinforced with particulates, fibers such as glass, fabric or metal screening or scrim to reduce elongation and provide greater rigidity. Also, when the entire mat is made of elastomeric, thermoplastic or thermosetting materials, the entire mat can be made as an integral component.
  • the polymeric or elastomeric core structure can be made as a flat sheet provided that it has the necessary weight and rigidity. These variables can be controlled by the selection of the particular polymer or by providing a particular configuration for the core.
  • the core structure can be made with a honeycomb or open cell structure.
  • honeycomb structure refers to a structure that has openings or open cells therein which can be used to reduce weight or can be filled with other materials.
  • the shape of the cells can be hexagonal, square, rectangular, or of another polygonal shape, or they can even be round.
  • the cells can be adjacent to each other or spaced as desired and can extend in either the horizontal or vertical or direction.
  • the weight of the mat can be increased and the resistance to liquid absorption improved by filling the cells of the honeycomb structure of the core structure with one or more of various materials, including sand, dirt, gravel, particles of plastics, ceramics, glass or other materials, various foam materials, or even of recycled materials such as particles of ground vehicle tires or other recyclable materials.
  • various materials including sand, dirt, gravel, particles of plastics, ceramics, glass or other materials, various foam materials, or even of recycled materials such as particles of ground vehicle tires or other recyclable materials.
  • the latter are preferred to fill the core structure to provide an environmentally friendly or“green” mat.
  • the plastic core structure can also be provided in two half sections in the vertical direction, i.e., an upper section and a lower section.
  • the upper section can be designed with protrusions or raised and lower areas on its lower surface with the lower section designed with complementary recesses or lower and raised areas on the surface that faces the upper section so that the upper and lower section can be joined together by engagement of the protrusions and recesses or raised and lower areas.
  • the core structure can be made of a metal frame or ladder structure.
  • steel, stainless steel or aluminum are used and the frame or structure can be bolted, riveted or welded together.
  • the metal frame or structure if made of steel can be further protected by galvanizing, painting or otherwise depositing powder or liquid coating material thereon to prevent moisture from contacting the steel.
  • the entire core structure when made of steel can be coated with a paint or even with a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin.
  • the metal frame or ladder structure can be used as is or can be configured with netting, mesh or other material that allows any frame openings to be provided with a filler to modify the weight of the mat. If additional weight is desired, heavier filler material can be used. To fill in the interior sections of the frame without adding too much weight to the mat, a plastic or rubber filler of low density particles or foam can be used.
  • Another embodiment of the invention will utilize wood components for the core construction, with softwoods such as pine, cedar other conifer tree materials and preferably pine utilized for this purpose.
  • Pine is an abundant, low cost wood material that is readily available in the sizes needed for industrial mats. It does not possess the same abrasion and abuse resistance as hardwoods such as oak.
  • pine or other softwood can be used as a core construction material in the mats of the invention provided that it is protected by outer components of the mat that are made of more rugged materials.
  • the outer side beams can be oak timbers of the desired size, with the pine beams being used at a smaller size than the oak timbers such that the oak timbers extend both above and below the pine timbers.
  • the spaces between the exposed surfaces of the pine and oak timbers can be provided with one or more elongated members of wood, engineered lumber, plastic or recycle materials. These materials can be used in the form of boards or as a sheet member to form with the oak timbers the exposed upper and lower mat surfaces of the mat which are configured to be relatively flat. These outer components protect the pine from damage while the pine lowers the cost of the mat compared to the more expensive and less readily available oak or other hardwoods.
  • each adjacent beams and timbers of the mat would be separated by a steel plate which would be slightly smaller than the height and length dimensions of the pine timbers. While it is possible for the steel plate to be have the same height and length dimensions as the pine timbers, the use of a slightly smaller plate, for example, one that is one half inch to 2 inches smaller than the pine timber on each peripheral side of the plate is preferred. These plates would also have a preferred thickness of about 1/8 to 1 ⁇ 2 inch although thicker plates can be used in larger mats. And for smaller size mats, other metal plates, e.g., aluminum, can be used instead of steel.
  • the steel members do not extend to the upper or lower surfaces of the mat and instead are covered by the upper and lower elongated members. And when the elongated members are boards, they can be spaced to allow certain voids to be present between them which act as channels that allow water to drain from the mat.
  • the assembled mat in the preferred embodiments can vary depending upon the specific type of mat.
  • 2-ply or 3 -ply laminated mats will typically include elongated members that are about 2x8 inches with the mat having a width of approximately 8 feet and a length of about 12, 14 or 16 feet.
  • General industrial mats would typically have a thickness of approximately 6 inches which is made up of a core construction that is 2 or 4 inches thick, an upper layer that is 2 inches thick and a lower layer that is 2 inches thick. For a three layer mat, each layer would be 2 inches thick, while for a two layer mat, the core would be 4 inches thick and the upper outer layer would be 2 inches thick.
  • a crane or timber mat would be about 4 to 8 feet wide with beams having typical width and height dimensions of 6x6, 8x8, 10x10 or 12x12 inches and a length of between about 20 and 40 feet.
  • the core structure may be made of any environmentally resistant material disclosed herein and in the desired shape and configuration. The number of top, bottom, and core structure components will be dictated by the final dimensions of the mat for the particular application or end use. Also, the preferred embodiments will include spacing in between top, middle, and bottom boards with is no wider than about 1 1 ⁇ 2 inches.
  • the core structure can be made up of different environmentally resistant materials.
  • a core structure of a sheet or plate of a thermoplastic or thermosetting material can be provided with a thin sheet of metal for additional reinforcement or for maintaining filler material in the cells or openings of the sheet or plate.
  • a steel sheet can be used upon a layer of a thermoplastic material in the form of a sheet or other structure to provide stiffening of the core structure.
  • the core structure made of environmentally resistant materials prevents degradation from exposure to weather conditions in the event that water or other liquids enter into the core.
  • Preferred specific environmentally resistant materials for the core structure include:
  • thermosetting materials including Epoxy, Melamine formaldehyde (MF), Phenol-formaldehyde (PF), Polyester, Polyurethane (PU), Polyimide (PI),
  • thermoplastics polyolefins or vulcanized rubber as disclosed in US patent 6,511,257;
  • thermoplastic resin as disclosed in US patent 5,888,612; a metal structure or frame of aluminum or stainless steel or of steel that is coated, painted or galvanized to assist in preventing rusting when contacting water; or
  • edges of the core structure can be protected as disclosed in US patent application 2014/0193196 or with wood or synthetic laminate to avoid mechanical damage to core structure edges. Additionally, a bumper structure of wood or plastic material as disclosed herein can also be used.
  • reinforcement with sheets or other cell closing materials can be used to improve stiffness and strength of the core structure while also retaining the filler in the cells or openings.
  • the metal plate can include openings or apertures to reduce weight.
  • a plate of a thermosetting plastic can instead be used, and it can be solid or have openings therein.
  • the plates can be 2 to 4 inches thick.
  • a fiberglass reinforced thermosetting plastic grating having openings that are 2x2 or 3x3 inches is preferred.
  • the core structure can be made of a honeycomb or lath structure, or with a plurality of openings.
  • the cells or openings can be filled as noted above with a material that is lighter than the metal to maintain the weight at a desired level.
  • the openings can be covered with upper and/or lower sheeting to retain the filler therein.
  • Any material can be used for the sheeting as the metal core structure is providing the necessary strength and rigidity to the mat.
  • the sheeting may be plywood, plastic, metal or composite material, and can be solid or in mesh form.
  • the sheeting can be attached to the mat preferably by riveting, bolting or by an adhesive.
  • the sheeting and core structure can be maintained in position be being sandwiched between the outer layers, with the entire structure held together by bolting or riveting. If necessary, holes for the bolts or other fasteners can be drilled through the metal plate or sheeting to facilitate assembly by allowing passage of the fasteners therethrough.
  • pine or other soft wood timbers can be used for the core of the mat. These materials would have slightly smaller height and length dimensions and those of the side beams.
  • the pine timbers would have width and height dimensions of about 6x4, 8x6, 10x8 or 12x10 inches with the same length.
  • steel plates these could have the same height and length as the pine timbers but the could instead have a height of about 2 to 4, 4 to 6, 6 to 8, or 6 to 8 inches and a length of between about 19 feet 8 inches and 39 feet 8 inches, respectively.
  • the mat construction for a laminated mat comprises one of the cores disclosed herein along with upper and lower layers of elongated members or beams.
  • the thickness of the boards will be approximately 1.75 inches but may be between 1.5 and 3 inches. Length will be as desired but will preferably be 12, 14 or 16 feet.
  • the width of the boards will vary depending upon location on the core. That is, the width of the top and bottom layer boards will be approximately 8 inches (single width) or 16 inches (double width). Approximately means they may be slightly less such as 7.5 to 8.5 inches or 15 to 17 inches.
  • a typical thickness for the mat is at least about 4 inches and preferably approximately 6 inches, with the central layer providing a thickness of about 1 to 4 inches and the upper and lower layers providing a thickness of about 1 to 3 inches.
  • the boards have a narrower width than the softwood beams, but of course, the dimensions can vary depending upon the specific end use intended for the mat. Also, the beams can be manufactured to any particular thickness, width and length, but the preferred dimensions disclosed herein approximate those of conventional mats of white oak or other materials which are in use in the industry.
  • the mat includes a core structure of an
  • each outer layer includes a plurality of elongated members each having a modulus of 1.6 M psi.
  • the core structure is made of materials that provide a load bearing capacity that is able to withstand a load of at least 600 to 800 psi or more without damaging or permanently deforming the core structure.
  • the core structure can include one or two outer layers as desired or necessary for a particular installation and stiffness.
  • the core structure components can be made be of sections or smaller portions that are joined together to form the desired size of the core.
  • thermoplastic core structure of HDPE sections may be welded together to provide the desired size, e.g., four HDPE 4 x 8 foot sections can form the core structure of a mat that is 8 x 16 feet. Similarly, eight 4 x 4 foot sections can be joined by welding to form the same 8 x 16 foot mat.
  • the core structure can also be made of upper and lower half sections that can be joined together by welding, a mechanical interlocking, by fasteners or by adhesives.
  • the outer layers are preferably made of white oak as disclosed in US patents 4,462,712 (three layer) and 5,822,944 (two layer), the entire content of each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto.
  • the mats are generally designed with water channels on the outer layer(s) to drain water from the mat. This is achieved by the spacing of the elongated members or by the provision of grooves in a sheet or other wider surface that is presented on the outermost layers of the mat.
  • the grooves are generally rectangular in shape and typically have a width of about 1.25 inch and a depth of about 1 inch. It is of course also suitable to use channels that are U-shaped instead of being rectangular and that have a similar size as this achieves the same purpose of providing a path for moisture to be removed from the mat.
  • the top surface of the core than include two layers or plies of components such as elongated or sheet members, while the lower surface can include only a single layer or ply of such components.
  • the materials used for the components of one outer layer does not have to be the same as the materials used for other outer layers.
  • the mat designer has abroad range of possibilities for mat construction to tailor a specific mat for a particular installation or need.
  • engineered lumber for the outer plies or layers that are present above and below the core structure, either as a solid sheet or in the form of boards.
  • Figure 1 illustrates mat 100 that includes an upper outer layer 105 and lower outer layer 110 which are used to surround core structure 115.
  • the core structure includes a plurality of reinforced polyester beams 125 and the outer layers include single width wood boards 130.
  • the reinforced polyester beams 125 are oriented
  • the reinforced polyester beam 125 is in the form of a rectangular tube that has two internal wall supports 120 running along the interior of the tube.
  • Boards 125 are applied to the core structure 115 by nailing, screwing, bolting or riveting of the boards 125 to the reinforced polyester beams 125 of the core structure 115.
  • the bolts can extend from the upper boards to the lower boards through the reinforced polyester beams 125.
  • the nails, screws or bolt heads and nuts are recessed below the top surface of boards 130 and below the bottom surface of boards 130 to present relatively smooth upper and lower surfaces of the mat 100.
  • the boards can be attached to the core structure 115 by an adhesive or other means that provide a secure attachment.
  • the core structure is made of a thermosetting material
  • the sheet and boards can be made of the same material as a unitary component.
  • holes can be drilled to allow the bolts to pass therethrough.
  • eleven (11) boards are used.
  • the third, sixth, and ninth boards (135, 140, 145 respectively) of the lower outer layer are offset to provide an interlocking feature for the mat. And while offsetting of certain boards is preferred for providing an interlocking with adjacent mats, this is not always needed such that interlocking can be considered to be an optional yet desirable feature. Interlocking is often preferred to avoid staking of the mats to the ground or to avoid including other more complex components for use in connecting adjacent mats together.
  • Lifting elements 150 are provided on the third and ninth boards of the upper outer layer. These lifting elements 150 are configured as D shaped rings which are attached to the boards in recesses 170 so that the lifting element 150 can remain flat when the mat 100 is in use. Two lifting elements are shown but a skilled artisan can determine how many elements are needed for lifting of any particularly sized mat. If desired, lifting elements can also be provided on the boards attached to the lower outer layer 110 for versatility in the handling and transportation of the mat. The lifting elements are provided on the boards that are attached to the skin portion so that if the lifting elements or boards are damaged they can be easily removed and replaced.
  • the provision of single width boards enables the upper and lower moldings to have water channels 175 on the upper surface of the skin to drain water from the mat.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the final shape and configuration of the mat 100 after assembly.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a second mat 200 according to the invention which includes a lower outer layer 130 and a core structure 215 that has a plurality of cells 260.
  • the core structure 215 may be made of a thermoplastic or metal and the cells can be left open or filled as disclosed herein.
  • the core structure can also be a fiberglass reinforced thermosetting material in the form of a grating having square or rectangular openings therein.
  • the openings or cells of the core structure may be filled with a foam or other material that expands to fill the cells 260 and remains adhered thereto. In this situation, no cover member is needed to retain the filler material in the core structure 215.
  • upper and lower layers 130 as described above can be applied to the core structure 215 to assist in retaining the particulate material in the cells 260.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a third mat 300 according to the invention which includes a lower outer layer 130, an upper outer layer 330 and a core structure 315 that has a plurality of cells 360.
  • the core structure 315 may be made of a thermoplastic material or metal and the cells 360 are of hexagonal shape to provide larger openings can be left open or filled with particulate material as disclosed herein.
  • the cells may be filled with foam, particulates or other non-adherent materials, e.g., rubber crumbles from recycled automobile tires.
  • the cells 360 can be covered by one or more sheet members either above, below or both above and below the core structure to retain the non-adhering filler materials in the cells.
  • the sheet members can be made of wood boards, plywood, plastic sheeting, metal sheeting, e.g., steel or aluminum, or the like. When the sheet members are only provided to hold the filler materials in the cells, they can be relatively thin e.g., 1/8 tol/2 inch is sufficient although larger thicknesses can be used if desired to add weight to the mat.
  • the core structure and sheet members can then be used as a core structure with outer layers applied as in the other embodiments.
  • the lower layer 130 and upper layer 330 can be wood boards that retain the filler in the cells 360 as shown in Figure 5.
  • the core structure 315 is molded of plastic material
  • the areas between where the boards are placed would be made of solid plastic rather than open cells so that the particulate material does not exit the cells through the spacing between the boards.
  • These boards would have a thickness of 1.6 inch or greater depending upon the needed weight of the mat.
  • the filler also contributes to the weight of the mat.
  • the material of the core structure 315 and lower 130 and upper 330 layers provides sufficient weight, the cells do not need to be filled and the additional sheet members are not needed. Additional sheet members are also not needed if the cells are filled with an adherent filler material.
  • the boards 130 of the upper and/or lower outer layers can be attached by bolting which passes through the cells. If desired, and preferably, the upper outer layer 330 is provided so that the final mat structure has an appearance that is similar to that of Figure 3.
  • the core structure is made of a plastic material that has cells made with flat upper and lower surfaces. These surfaces support the sheet members if the cells are filled and instead support the lower and upper layers if the cells are not filled. These cells thus act as shock absorbers to provide resilient compression to the mat.
  • the mat includes bumpers which protect the sides of the mat from damage during transport and installation.
  • These bumpers are generally configured as a rails, rods or beams of a material that protects the sides and core structure of the mat from damage when being moved around from warehouse to truck to jobsite.
  • the bumpers also provide protection to the side edges of the mats due to such movements and manipulation as well as some resistance to penetration by teeth or tines of the moving equipment.
  • the bumpers are made of a durable, tough and resilient material such as a plastic or elastomer, in particular, HDPE or a rubber material having a Shore D hardness of 10 to 50 is preferred.
  • the bumpers are preferably molded or extruded into the desired shape or shapes for releasable attachment to the mat.
  • FIG 6 shows mat 400 which is configured as a Crane/Pipeline mat, typically having dimensions of 8 inches thick by 4 feet wide and 18 feet long. These are used primarily for drilling rigs and similar applications such that these mats are much more robust and tough compared to mats for temporary roadways.
  • the mat preferable includes a steel ladder frame 405 that provides the periphery of the mat.
  • the frame 405 includes a number of cross-members to provide rigidity and strength to the frame to support the other mat components.
  • the openings are provided to allow connections to be made and to reduce the overall weight of the mat compared to one made of solid steel.
  • a core structure 410 is present within the ladder frame 405 and upper and lower wood skins 415, 420 are provided to protect the core structure 405.
  • the core structure 410 of the mat is a solid or foam core structure preferably molded from HDPE or a similar polymer.
  • the use of a polymeric core structure and the geometry/shape of the cells helps reduce the overall weight of the mat while providing sufficient internal support so that the mat can provide the necessary strength against compression and compaction.
  • the wood skins 415, 420 provide sufficient durability to equipment or vehicles that move over or that are supported by the mat.
  • the mat has openings that allow water or other liquids to pass through during use. As the core structure is made of environmentally resistant materials, there is no need to provide a hermetic seal about the core structure components of the mat.
  • the bumpers 425 are configured as an extruded or molded rail or rod that protects the sides of the mat.
  • a single bumper structure is provided that is received in the open area of the I-beam that forms the periphery of the mat.
  • the bumpers have a shape that fits within the open cavity of the I-beam without completely filling the area, as this allows the bumper to be compressed to absorb shock.
  • the bumpers can be bolted, riveted or joined to the I-beam by an adhesive so that they are retained in position.
  • the bumpers in the enlarged view of mat 400 have a tri-tube arrangement 430, of a“+” shape, that has a larger tube 430A in the center and the smaller tubes 430B, 430C located above and below the central tube.
  • the tubes can be extruded in the shape that is shown or separate tubes can be made and then joined by welding, adhesive bonding or even by mechanical fasteners.
  • This shape is not critical, however, and other shapes that are round, polygonal or that have combinations of different shapes can be used for the bumpers if desired.
  • the bumper can fill the entire open side cavity of the I-beam, or it can partially fill the cavity provided that the bumper contacts the inner wall of the I- beam and extends towards the periphery of the mat so that it can absorb shock or impact forces.
  • the bumpers can be made of wood. Wood is a useful relatively low cost material that has a history of good service in oil field mat applications.
  • the bumpers are preferably located on all sides of the mat.
  • the upper and lower layers of the mat can be provided with an additional member that is nailed to the upper and lower wood skins to retain the bumpers in place to prevent their dislodgement from the I-beam.
  • the bumpers provide protection to the sides of the mat as well as to avoid damage to the core structure components.
  • Figure 7 illustrates another Crane/Pipeline mat 500 that also includes a steel ladder frame 505 that provides the periphery of the mat.
  • a similar foam core structure 510 is present within the ladder frame 505 and upper.
  • the mat 500 of Figure 7 includes upper 515 and lower 520 vacuum formed polymer skins to protect the core structure 510.
  • These skins can be formed to a thickness of up to 00.6” or greater.
  • the skins preferably include lips 530 that engage the upper and lower portions of bumpers to retain them in place in the I-beams.
  • the bumpers are shaped as a plurality of joined tubes as shown in Figure 6 with upper and lower tubes being of smaller cross section than the center tube.
  • the upper and lower tubes can also be shaped to engage in full contact the I-beam inner surfaces while being recessed from the end of the central tube so that the lips 530 can maintain the bumpers in place.
  • Other shapes for the bumpers are acceptable provided that they can fit in the I-beam and provide an outer surface that can absorb shock and impact. For the configurations shown the tubes can collapse somewhat to absorb such forces.
  • the lip portions of the upper 515 and lower 520 skins can be a separate component that is attached to those layers or it can be molded or formed as an integral part of those layers.
  • the upper 515 and lower 520 skins are made of a molded plastic or elastomeric material because such materials provide environmental resistance and impart durability and toughness to the mat.
  • the core structure 510 can be provided in two halves, an upper half that is attached to the upper skin and a lower half that is attached to the lower skin. These halves can be designed with protrusions or raised and lower areas so that they can be joined together by engagement of the protrusions and recesses or raised and lower areas. This reduces installation time and also assures that the core structure and skins interlock to provide the best resistance against compressive forces.
  • the steel frame can be painted or coated with a sacrificial metal (i.e., galvanized or phosphatized) to provide improved environmental resistance to the mat. While rusting of the steel is not detrimental to the operation of the mat, it does not provide a good cosmetic appearance such that the painting and coating compensate for that by minimizing rusting.
  • Stainless steel can also be used but that material is more expensive.
  • Aluminum can also be used but some strength to the mat is lost with that lighter weight construction.
  • the metal ladder frame is advantageous because, in addition to its strength and ease of working, it can be configured to allow direct attachment of the lifting elements to the frame 505 to provide a more robust connection that facilitates lifting and manipulation of the mat.
  • the mat of Figure 7 has a reduced overall weight by incorporating the molded or structural foam core structure in the steel frame. Whether the upper and lower layers are made of wood or of a plastic or elastomeric material, the entire structure is bolted or riveted together to form the final mat.
  • a box frame of fiberglass reinforced plastic can be used instead of the steel frame.
  • FRP fiberglass reinforced plastic
  • the box frame 605 may be made of rectangular or square tubular structures. If desired, the FRP box frame 605 can be configured as a ladder frame as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the FRP frame provides lower weight and good durability and resistance to moisture of other liquids that may permeate into the core.
  • the open center portions of the tubes can be filled with foam, recycled rubber tire material or other filler material 610.
  • a polyurethane foam can also be used for this purpose.
  • the filler material can also be selected to provide additional weight to the mat if desired.
  • the plastic of the FRP material would be any one of the thermosetting plastics of the types mentioned herein but thermosetting polyesters and epoxies are preferred.
  • Figure 8 illustrates another feature of the invention where the molded foam core structure 612 is locked in place by engaging pockets 617 in the upper 615 and lower 620 polymer skins.
  • the bumpers 625 are configured with a flat surface to abut against the frame 605.
  • the bumpers 625 are configured with upper and lower portions that are less wide than the central portion of the bumpers so that the skins 615, 620 can include lips 630 that engage the bumpers 625 to hold them in place against the box frame 605. These lips are essentially the same as those shown in Figure 7.
  • the bumpers protect the FRP box frame from damage since the FRP box frame is not as strong as the steel ladder of Figures 6 and 7.
  • the FRP beams may be made by a pultruded process as this results in a light but strong construction.
  • the upper 615 and lower 620 polymer skins can be configured with protrusions or honeycombs that interlock with the core structure 612 to form a more rigid structure.
  • the foam core structure 612 can be omitted and the open center of the mat filled recycled rubber tire material or other particulate filler material as is done with the central opening of the pultruded FRP box frame.
  • the bumpers can be designed with a“C” shaped cross section so that they can contact the top, side and bottom of the pultruded FRP box frame members.
  • the top and bottom surfaces of the bumpers can extend above the upper and lower surfaces of the mat or they can be designed to remain flush with those surfaces by providing a thickness on the top and bottom bumper portions that correspond to the thickness of the top and bottom layers.
  • the bumpers can be bolted, screwed, snap riveted or adhered to the FRP box frame with an adhesive.
  • Figure 9 illustrates the same type of mat as in Figure 8 such that the same numbers are used to describe it.
  • the main difference in the mat 700 of Figure 9 is that the box fame 605 is not filled and is open 710 as for certain embodiments, the filler is not necessary.
  • the bumpers in Figures 8 and 9 have a“T” shape with the central portion protruding beyond the sides of the mat to provide protection of the FPR frame and core.
  • Figure 10 illustrates another embodiment of a Crane/Pipeline mat 800 that includes a box frame 805 of an FRP square tube.
  • the box frame 805 surrounds a laminated wood core 810.
  • the wood core 810 is heavier than the foam core of the other embodiments, it is much less expensive and can be used in certain installations where the greater weight or ruggedness of the mat is needed.
  • the oak core boards are configured to fit within the openings of the box frame 805 and are bolted together so that they do not move around inside of the mat. Oak boards are also used as the top 815 and bottom 820 surfaces of the mat 800.
  • the FRP frame 805 is protected by a rectangular wooden structure 825 which is also made of oak boards.
  • the boards are joined together to form a square structure that is approximately the same size as the box frame 805 in width and height dimensions although the perimeter is larger so that the structure 825 sits outside or and adjacent to the box frame 805.
  • the wood structure 825 acts as a bumper to protect the FRP box frame from damage during loading, transport and installation.
  • the open area of the frame can be provided with a stabilizer 830 of foam or extruded polymer.
  • the open area can be can be filled with recycled rubber tire material or other particulate or solid filler material.
  • One variation of the stabilizer 830 is shown in Figure 10 but the bumpers and solid foam inserts of the other embodiments can be used as well, depending upon the desires of the designer of the mat. The wood structure most likely obviates the need for stabilizers for most installations.
  • Figure 11 illustrates another embodiment of a mat 900 that includes a frame 905 constructed of a metal such as aluminum, stainless steel or steel.
  • the frame 905 is made of square or rectangular tubing that is welded together to provide a high strength core component for the mat.
  • the frame 905 can remain as an open structure as shown or areas 910 between the cross members can be provided with a particulate filler or foam that is retained in place by a mesh, screen or sheets that are secured to the top and bottom of the frame.
  • the tubes can be filled with a foam, rubber particles or even sand to add weight and strength to the mat.
  • a wood core can be used along with or instead of the fillers. Preferably, however, the areas are left free of any filler.
  • the mat 900 includes top 920 and bottom 925 wood boards preferably of oak that provide a flat surface for movement of vehicles or supporting equipment thereupon. These boards also provide upper and lower surfaces of the mat and protection of the core structure 905. These boards 920,925 also have spacings between them to allow water to drain from the upper surface of the mat, into the core structure and out of the lower surface of the mat. As the core structure 905 is made of an environmentally resistant material, there is no concern of deteriorating the core structure due to contact with water. The top and bottom wood boards are joined together about the frame using nails or bolts. Also, the tubular members of the frame 905 can also be provided with holes passing therethrough to accommodate bolting that is used to attach the wood boards 920,925 to the frame 905.
  • the frame 905 is also protected by wood boards 915 that provide replaceable bumpers for the frame 905. These can be attached to the frame by bolting that engages holes in the tubular members, or the wood boards 915 can be attached to the upper or lower boards 920, 925.
  • the frame 905 can be provided with studs or bolts that are welded to the tubular members and that receive the bumpers 915 or the upper 920 or lower 925 boards by passing through correspondingly located holes in those boards. The boards are then secured to the frame by appropriate nuts and washers or by flattening of the studs.
  • This provides a simple yet robust construction for mat 900 which as noted allows replacement of boards that may become damaged during use.
  • the top boards can be 1.25” by 16” wide although smaller sections can be joined together if desired.
  • the box frame has a preferred size of about 5.5 by 5.5 inches so that the mat has an overall thickness of about 6 inches.
  • All of the mats according to the invention are to be installed on properly prepared ground so that they will perform acceptably.
  • Ground preparation must be on a uniform material of uniform flatness (i.e., within +/- 12 inches over an 8 x 14 foot surface). Crushed stone or rock no larger than 4 inches diameter is acceptable for preparing the ground as a substrate for supporting the mats.
  • All mats according to the invention are designed to meet the following product specifications for preferred implementations as temporary roadways, equipment support surfaces, platforms and similar applications.
  • the mats of the invention do not cause contamination of the ground surfaces upon which they are applied.
  • Preferred overall mat dimensions are approximately 8 feet wide x 6 inches thick and are either 12, 14 or 16 feet in length.
  • the interlocking feature will extend the length of the mats by about 1 ft at three locations at one end of mat.
  • US patent 4,462,712 discloses mats which contain interlocking fingers and recesses which are preferred for use in the present invention.
  • the mats typically include two (2) outer layers of individual wood or composite boards, having cross section dimensions of 1.75 by 8 inches.
  • the spacing between individual boards or components in the upper outer layer is preferably approximately 1.25 inch to allow water to drain from the mat. This spacing is retained in the upper portion of the skin. The slip resistance of the mat is improved by the draining of the excess water, especially when used in locations that experience heavy rain or snow conditions.
  • the spacing between the individual boards or components can also be provided on the lower outer layer of the mat to allow the mat to provide better gripping onto the ground.
  • the spacing or similar grooves on the lower outer layer on the bohom of mat will keep the mat from moving around on the ground as traffic moves across it. The spacing or grooves re even more important when the lower portion of the mat is made of an elastomeric or thermoplastic material so that the mat would it grip the ground sufficiently and will avoid or reduce sliding or slipping thereon.
  • the preferred mats have physical properties that meet or exceed the physical properties of a conventional white oak mat.
  • the mat must also provide sufficient load bearing capacity: A fully supported mat (one that is properly installed on an approved ground surface preparation) must withstand a 10 ton load, spread over a 12” diameter surface without degradation of mat properties or permanent deformation of core structure of the mat.
  • the core structure would have a crush resistance of between about 600 and 800 psi depending upon the application. This provides resistance against compression while not detracting from resistance to torsion forces that applied to the mat by vehicles passing thereover.
  • the cores are designed so that they provide some degree of compressibility as large vehicles or equipment move over or are placed upon the mat. After the vehicles or equipment are removed from the mat, it retains its original thickness.
  • the mats may be designed with apertures so that any water that enters the mat can later exit.
  • the preferred crane or timber mat sizes are about 6x6, 8x8 or 12x12 inches by 8 feet wide and 20 to 40 feet long
  • a related type of mat that is used with these large mats are the ramp mats or transition mats. These both have the same type of construction as the crane mats but are cut down in size to 3x3 inch or 4x4 inch in various lengths of 10 or 20 feet or more.
  • These ramp or transition mats are positioned along one or more of the sides or ends of crane mats to act effectively as a“step” that allows heavy equipment to more easily move onto the larger crane mat.
  • the perimeter edges of the mat are provided with additional protection to prevent or reduce damage to the core structure construction of the mat from side entrance or egress onto the mat from large vehicles with steel tracks.
  • the edge material helps protect the core structure and bumpers and is preferably easily removable so that it can be replaced when necessary.
  • Flammability of mat shall be defined as Class 2 (B) flame spread when measured by ASTM E84 test criteria.
  • the flammability properties of these materials can be enhanced by adding the appropriate conventional flame retardant or other additives that are known to impart such properties.
  • the core structure can also be formulated to allow dissipation of static electricity.
  • carbon black, metal particles or other conductive fillers can be added to plastic materials that are used for the core.
  • a metal core structure is conductive without any additives.
  • the core when made of plastic materials, can contain UV inhibitors as necessary and in an amount sufficient to reduce deterioration of physical properties or color.
  • Lifting hardware preferably includes D-shaped rings, O-shaped rings, chain, or cables at 2-4 locations on the upper surface of the outer layer of the mat.
  • the exact position and attachment of lifting hardware is designed based on the size and weight of the mat and is intended to avoid damage to mat during transport and installation.
  • the core structure of the mat may or may not be hollow. If hollow components are used for the core, whether as tubes of cells that have openings, these openings are preferably filled with a non-absorbent filler material.
  • a non-absorbent filler material A wide variety of different plastic, elastomeric or foam materials in particulate or other forms can be used for this purpose.
  • the hollow portions can be used as is or can be provided with the filler material to increase or decrease weight as needed. Fillers of glass, ceramic or metal particles can be included to provide additional weight or strength to the mat. Other materials such as recycled rubber tire material or other environmentally friendly materials can instead be used.
  • the mat has a weight that is on the order of an oak mat of similar size.
  • elongated members When elongated members are used for the upper and lower layers of the core structure construction, they provide additional weight to the mat and can be configured in different ways.
  • One way would be to replicate a conventional oak mat and provide a single width construction where eleven 6 inch wide (by 12, 14 or 16 feet long) boards are provided in the upper and lower layers with three boards (nos. 3, 6, and 9) in the lower layer offset for interlocking.
  • a double width construction may be used where four 12 inch wide (by 12 or 16 feet long) boards are provided in the upper and lower layers: each one separated by a 6 inch board with the three 6 inch boards in the lower layer offset to provide interlocking.
  • Other configurations can be used as desired for the particular end use of the mat.
  • the boards can made of wood or engineered lumber (preferably with a tolerance of ⁇ 1/16 inch) or they can be made of tubes of metal or of a thermoplastic, elastomeric, or thermosetting material, with pultruded thermosetting tube being one example of a preferred alternative material.
  • the sizes mentioned herein are not critical and can be varied depending upon the intended use of the mats. The values mentioned above are representative of typical mats.
  • the upper, central and lower layers are typically nailed and/or bolted together to form the mat.
  • the structure preferably has a modulus of about 1.6 M psi although plastic mats may have a lesser modulus when greater flexibility of the mat is desired.
  • the mat compression property of 600 to 800 psi is suitable for most applications.
  • Figures 12 and 13 illustrate a first embodiment of the invention in the form of a mat 1100 having substantially flat top and bottom surfaces.
  • the mat is preferably made with the same structure on both surfaces so that either one can be used as the upper surface of the mat that is to receive equipment or vehicles thereon. While this facilitates installation in that there is no requirement for placement of the mat in a particular orientation, it also allows the installer to select the surface of the mat that is in better condition to be used as the upper surface of the mat.
  • the mat 1100 includes first and second side beams (1105, 1110) having top, side and bottom surfaces, with the beams having width and height dimensions of between 6x6 inches and 24x24 inches and a length of at least 4 feet and typically between 10 and 60 feet.
  • the lengths of the beams are in the range of 20 to 40 feet and preferably 30 to 40 feet as these length mats are easier to transport and ship compared to longer mats.
  • Other dimensions that are typically used for the side beams are 8x8, 10x10, 12x12, 14x14 and 16x16 although a skilled artisan can select other dimensions as desired.
  • the widths and heights of the side beams are of the same dimension so that the beams have a square cross-section.
  • the beams may be rectangular in cross section, with the width being about twice the dimension of the height or vice versa.
  • Other typical dimensions are 6x12, 6x18, 8x10, 8x12, 12x14, 12x16, 12x24, and 18x24.
  • These rectangular beams may be connected to the support structure with the longer side as the height or with the longer side as the width, depending upon the desired use of the mat. Using the longer side as the width is generally preferred for interlocking mat arrangements.
  • a support structure 1115 is located between and connecting the first and second side beams (1105, 1110), with the support structure having upper, lower and side portions, a height that is less than that of the side beams, a width and a length.
  • the support structure which is set forth in more detail in Figure 14, includes first and second longitudinal members (1120, 1125) that are joined together by a plurality of cross members 1130.
  • the support structure 1115 may be made of steel components with the cross members 1130 welded to the longitudinal members 1120, 1125 to form a ladder type structure which forms a frame for the support structure.
  • additional cross members 1135, 1140 may be provided to form a peripheral rectangular structure.
  • both the longitudinal members and additional cross members 1135, 1140 be C-shaped beams having a relatively flat plate with upper and lower flanges directed away from one side of the plate.
  • the surface of the flat plate opposite the flanges of the longitudinal members faces the side beams 1105, 1110 so that a close and secure connection can be made between the two.
  • the flanges of the C-shaped beam also serve as a point of connection for elongated members (1145 A, 1145B: 1150A, 1150B).
  • Bolts 1155 can be attached to the flanges or to the cross members for this purpose.
  • the flanges of cross-members 1135, 1140 also face the interior of the support structure so that the ends of the ladder frame have relatively smooth faces.
  • the cross members 1130 can be attached to the C-shaped beam between the top and bottom flanges to form vertical connectors of the support structure that provide the desired strength and rigidity.
  • the resulting structure is a rectangular box frame with spaced cross members on the front, back, top and bottom.
  • the cross members 1130 of the support structure greatly contribute to the stiffness and rigidity of the frame. These members are typically spaced 12 to 24 inches apart for support structures that are used for the smaller sizes of height and width beams. For larger size beams, the spacing can be reduced to 10 to 16 inches in order to provide sufficient strength to hold the mat together.
  • the determination of the spacing of the cross members can be calculated for any particular size mat using generally known engineering guidelines and equations so a more detailed explanation is not needed herein.
  • the cross members typically have a height that is at least half the height of the longitudinal members to which they are attached and preferably are about the same height as the longitudinal members. If desired, reinforcement members can be added to the structure.
  • additional plates, rods, beams or other structural components can be added to the top and/or bottom portions of the support structure between the longitudinal members. This is certainly advantageous when supporting the largest or heaviest equipment on the mat. Also, other structural members can be provided between the cross members however in most situations this is not necessary. If additional reinforcement is needed, care must be taken for positioning such members to avoid blocking or interfering with the passage of the joining rods through the longitudinal members and into the support structure.
  • the C-shaped beam and cross members are typically made of a metal such as steel so that the structure can be made by welding the cross members to the beams.
  • the frame components can instead be joined together by brazing, rivets or bolting if desired depending upon the size and configuration of the overall support structure.
  • a flat plate i.e., one without flanges
  • the cross members may have an I-beam shape to provide further strengthening of the support structure.
  • a C-shaped steel beam is preferred for the longitudinal members, however, because the flanges provide additional rigidity and support to the structure as well as support for the cross members during installation. Of course, this can be compensated for by using a thicker flat plate for the longitudinal members when that embodiment is to be used.
  • the I-shaped beams can be used for the cross member when a C-shaped longitudinal member is used, with appropriate adjustments made where the flanges of each come into contact with each other.
  • the support structure can instead be made of a more corrosion resistant material such as stainless steel, copper, bronze, or other alloys.
  • a more corrosion resistant material such as stainless steel, copper, bronze, or other alloys.
  • carbon steel is used, however, the corrosion resistance can be enhanced by painting or coating the structure so that it would be more resistant to moisture.
  • steel can be galvanized or provided with another type of protective coating so that it would have a lower tendency to rust when contacted by moisture.
  • Aluminum or titanium can also be used for the support structure in specialty applications. All of these materials generally have higher cost than steel and can present joining the problems of greater difficulties in welding or brazing the cross members to the longitudinal members. It is possible in an alternative embodiment as noted to use rivets or bolting to connect the various longitudinal and cross members together to form the frame of the support structure. The sizing of the rivets or bolts as well as the dimensions for the welding and brazing, can be readily determined by a skilled artisans using routine testing if necessary. The same is true for the thickness of the beams or members that are used in the frame structure.
  • the support structure may be made of a fiberglass reinforced thermosetting plastic material resin, which is typically a polyester or epoxy resin.
  • the components of the structure may be pultruded in the form of a rectangular or square tube which may be hollow or filled with other materials depending on the overall weight and compressibility desired for the construction.
  • the box or ladder frame can be prepared in the desired shape with the cross members and longitudinal members j oined together with resin prior to curing. It is also possible to utilize bolting or other mechanical fasteners to connect these components together.
  • a plurality of joining rods 1160 are used to attach the side beams to the support structure, with the joining rods passing through the sides of the beams and support structure.
  • These joining rods 1160 are typically large carriage bolts that include threaded ends to receive nuts that when assembled will hold the components together. These rods are spaced about 3 to 6 feet apart depending upon the size of the mat.
  • Figure 13 shows the rods 1160 passing through side beam 1105 and toward the side structure:
  • Figure 14 shows how the rods 1160 would appear when present in the support structure.
  • These carriage bolts are typically made of a high strength steel.
  • the beams can include a sleeve that facilitates passage of the bolts through the support core.
  • the sleeve can be a flanged hollow tube that extends through the support core and if desired into one side beam and part of the opposite side beam. The tube would terminate in the opposite beam so that it would not interfere with the net that engages the threaded end of the bolt.
  • the sleeves are shown in Figure 14 as elements 1165.
  • various elongated members for upper and lower elongated members (1145A, 1145B, 1150A, 1150B) are provided.
  • a first plurality of elongated members (1145 A, 1145B) are attached to an upper portion of the support structure 1115 while a second plurality of elongated members is attached to a lower portion of the support structure 1115.
  • the top surface of the mat is formed by the top surfaces of the side beams 1105, 1110 and the first plurality of elongated members 1145A, 1145B
  • the bottom surface of the mat is formed by the bottom surfaces of the side beams 1105, 1110 and the second plurality of elongated members 1150A, 1150B.
  • the flat top surface of the mat is best shown in Figure 12.
  • the support structure and upper and lower elongated members generally have a combined height that is the same as that of the side beams.
  • the support structure is centered vertically with respect to the side beams.
  • the side beams can be 12x12 and the support structure would have a height of 8 inches so that the beams extend 2 inches above the top of the support structure and 2 inches below the bottom of the support structure. This provides room on the top and bottom of the support structure to accommodate 2 inch thick elongated members so that the top and bottom of the mat has substantially uniform surfaces.
  • This type construction is preferred in that it minimizes the different types of thickness that need to be used for the elongated members and also provides a symmetrical mat that be oriented with wither surface facing up to receive equipment thereon.
  • different thicknesses of elongated members can be used on the top than on the bottom with the intent being that the thinner members are used on the bottom to prevent dirt or other materials from entering the support structure, while the elongated members on the top surface are provide to support the equipment or vehicles that are located or move upon the mat.
  • the longitudinal members 1120, 1125 can be shorter than the length of the side beams 1105,1110 by a distance of about 1 to 24 inches on each end or by a total of 2 to 48 inches.
  • the distance of the shortened ends can correspond to the width of the side beams, if desired.
  • the space between the shortened ends of the support structure 1115 and the side beams can be filled in with bumper members 1175, 1180 which then allow the mat to have substantially flat front had rear ends.
  • These bumper members can be of the same width as the elongated members so that the same material for the elongated members can be used to provide bumper members for the front and rear of the support. This creates a symmetrical structure but different thicknesses of the bumper members can be used if desired.
  • the longitudinal members 1120, 1125 can be substantially the same length as that of the side beams 1105,1110 so that the front and rear cross members 1135, 1140 form with the ends of the side beams the front and rear end surfaces of the mat.
  • the mat must also provide sufficient load bearing capacity: A fully supported mat (one that is properly installed on a suitable prepared ground surface) must be able to withstand a 10 ton load, spread over a 12 inch diameter surface without degradation of mat properties or permanent deformation of the mat.
  • the support structure would have a crush resistance of between about 500 and 800 psi to possibly as much as 1000 psi depending upon the application and when properly installed on a suitably prepared ground surface. This provides resistance against compression as large vehicles or equipment move over or are placed upon the mat.
  • the side beams of the mat prevent or reduce damage to the support structure from side entrance or egress onto the mat from large vehicles with steel tracks. These beams can be replaced when necessary while the support structure can be reused to make a new mat.
  • the elongated members as well as the side beams are preferably made of any type of wood although oak is typically preferred. These members may also be made of engineered wood or lumber since that will be easier to make long lengths without having to obtain one piece virgin wood lengths. Additionally a layered veneer laminate can also be used for these members or beams. It is expected that the cost for that material would be about the same as the price for oak thus making it an attractive alternative.
  • Engineered lumber includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or fixing the strands, particles, fibers, or veneers or boards of wood, together with adhesives, or other methods of fixation to form wood composite materials. These materials provide the surprising benefit of repeatable consistency of the required sizes, the ability to mix different wood species to arrive at the final product, and exceptional properties generally exceeding what is provided from monolithic boards.
  • PSL parallel strand laminate
  • LSL layered stand laminate
  • layered veneer laminate which is also a billet that can be made up to about 4 feet square by any length.
  • the side beams and elongated members may be made of a fiberglass reinforced thermosetting plastic material such as fiberglass reinforced polyester or epoxy resins. These materials may be pultruded into a solid form or preferably as a rectangular or square tube. If desired, hollow tubes can be filled with any one of a variety of materials to contribute to the overall strength or compression resistance of the tube. Typically, crumb rubber, recycled tires or other plastic or elastomeric materials, sand, crushed rock or polyurethane foam may be provided inside the tube either before or after attachment to the support structure. A polyurethane foam is preferred for this purpose as it can be injected in a liquid form after the pultrusion is attached to the support structure.
  • the joining rods may be initially placed into the beam so that the filler does not block the insertion of the rods when joining the side beams to the support structure.
  • a metal or pultruded plastic tubular sleeve can be provided in the beams at the locations where the rods are to be inserted, so that the rod has an opening that remains after the filler is placed into the beams.
  • holes are provided in the upper surface, lower surface, or both to provide access to one or more of the joining rods. These holes are formed as cut out portions 1185 of the elongated members 1145, 1150. In this way, the holes allow access by a hook from a crane or other mechanical attachment to the joining rods for lifting or manipulation of the mat.
  • the attachment openings 1185 are provided both on the upper and lower surfaces of the mat so that either surface can contact the ground or be exposed on top as the surface upon which the equipment is to be installed, thus facilitating installation.
  • FIG. 15 and 16 an alternative embodiment of the present invention is illustrated, in the form of a mat having side beams configured and dimensioned to allow interlocking of adjacent mats.
  • the same reference numerals will be used in Figures 15 and 16 and only the different features of this alternative embodiment will be described.
  • Mat 1200 includes side beams 1205, 1210 which are configured and dimensioned to represent only one half of the thickness of the mat.
  • beam 1205 is attached to the upper portion of the support core 1215. This is done in a manner to extend the upper surface of beam 1205 above the top surface of the support structure 1215.
  • elongated members 1145A, 1145B can be provided on the top portion of the support structure 1215 so that the top surface of the mat adjacent the side beam 1205 is relatively flat.
  • side beam 1210 which also has a thickness that is one half the thickness of the entire mat, is mounted to a lower end of the support structure 1215. The lower surface of side beam 1210 extends below the lower surface of the support structure to allow elongated members 1150A, 1150B to be accommodated to form a substantially flat surface for the bottom of the mat adjacent beam 1210.
  • This structure allows one mat to be initially placed on the ground with an adjacent mat placed such that beam 1205 sits upon beam 1210. This arrangement can be continued for as many mats as necessary to achieve a desired working base for cranes or other equipment.
  • the top surface of mat 1200 has a step on the opposite side from beam 1205, above beam 1210, while there remains an open space or step below beam 1205 adjacent the lower surface of the matt opposite beam 1210. While these surfaces allow interlocking of adjacent mats, it does not provide a stable mat surface on the outermost sides of the working base.
  • modified mats can be provided wherein the outermost end mats on one side of the working base can be made with beam 1105, which is the full thickness of the mat, on one aside and with beam 1210 on the opposite side to allow interlocking with adjacent mats that are configured like mat 1200.
  • the outermost end mats on the opposite side of the working base can be made with beams 1110 instead of 1210 on one side beam 1205 on the opposite side.
  • the mats on the outermost sides of the final working base can be provided with stabilizing beams of the same size and dimensions as beam 1205 provided in the space below attached beam 1205 so that the side of the mat can be stabilized.
  • the same thing can be done for the outermost mats that have a step above beam 1210.
  • a separate stabilizing member can be provided of the same size as beam 1210 to finish the upper surface of the mat at those locations.
  • the stabilizing members can be attached to the beams of the mat if desired.
  • Mat 1200 requires a different system for connecting the beams 1205, 1210 to the support structure 1215.
  • the connection of beam 1205 to the support structure 1215 will require that the joining rods 1260A pass through an upper portion of the support structure, whereas beam 1210 is connected to the support structure with joining rods 1260B passing through the beam and a lower portion of the support structure 1215.
  • This is best shown in Figure 16 where the relative positions of the joining rods 1260 A, 1260B are illustrated, along with sleeves 1265 A, 1265B.
  • a number of additional features may be provided in the mats of the present invention.
  • FIG 17 illustrates a further variation of the invention, wherein mat 1200 includes a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag 1275 which is located in the core.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • this RFID tag 1275 can be embedded in an outer layer in an opening or a routered pocket to enable the mat to be monitored in an inventory system or when rented for use.
  • the tag provides a unique identification serial number for each mat, such that the mats which are being used or rented can be tracked and accounted for as to location of use.
  • the mats can be scanned when in a warehouse, when loaded on trucks for delivery, when delivered to a job site, or when collected from a jobsite after use.
  • the RFID tags can be active or passive and if desired, other tracking devices such as barcodes could similarly be for the same purposes.
  • the RFID tag be embedded in the outer layers or core structure of the mat so that it is protected from damage during use.
  • a barcode or other surface mounted tag or indicia it should be placed on a surface portion of the mat that is less likely to experience wear or abuse.
  • the tag may preferably be applied onto the side of the mat so that it is not directed exposed to traffic on the mat. It also may be covered with a plexiglass film to prevent its removal by abrasion.
  • the mats can include a retractable lifting element.
  • the mat may include one or more lighting elements, such as those disclosed in International application WO 2006/048654. These lighting elements would preferably be embedded in the outer layer.
  • Figure 17 illustrates the locating of LED lights 1285 in the core structure beneath elongated member 1245A. The lighting is covered with a clear material 1295 of plexiglass, so that the lighting element may be better protected against damage during use.
  • the skilled artisan can provide the necessary number of lighting elements, or can include lighting elements of larger size.
  • Another feature of the invention is the use of color coding to identify the specific layers that are used in the construction of the mat. This can also be used to identify mats for a particular customer or end user. When mats are rented or leased, the color coding can be used to identify which mats belong to the leasing company compared to mats provided by others.
  • the color coding can be of a single color or of certain stripes, patterns, dots or other indicia that provides a“signature” that identifies the specific core structure that is present in the mat or a particular end user or owner of the mat.
  • Figures 18 and 19 illustrate a crane/pipeline mat 1300 that has a typical thickness of about 8 to 12 inches, a typical width of about 4 feet and a typical length of between 12 and 20 feet.
  • the mat 1300 includes two side beams 1305, 1310, a steel box frame 1320, an upper layer of elongated members 1315A, 1315B, 1315C, and a lower layer of elongated members 1325A, 1325B, 1325C.
  • the core structure can be between 2 and 3 feet wide depending upon the width of the side beams.
  • the steel frame 1320 includes a forward lifting element 1335 and two upper side lifting elements 1340. If desired, a rear lifting element and two lower side lifting elements (not shown) can also be provided. These lifting elements allowed the mat to be lifted overhead by a crane having a suitable lifting capacity to facilitate loading, unloading, and installing of the mats.
  • the lifting elements can be constructed as desired. If cables or chains are to be used, any holes made in the mat for such cables or chains must be drilled through the entire mat, and not just looped in between board or component spacings.
  • the chains or cables must have at least three drop forged clamps. Cable must be new 3/4 inch steel core, extra improved plow (EIPS), right regular lay wire rope, having a minimum breaking strength of over 29 tons. Chains should be 3/8” high test chain, having a working load limit of 5400 lbs. and a minimum breaking strength of 16,200 lbs. with 3/8 inch double clevis links, in order to provide a safe working load limit of about 5400 lbs.
  • lifting elements may be used, such as those described in US patent application 62/211,664 filed August 28, 2015, the entire content of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto. Those lifting elements can be used with any of the mats disclosed herein provided that the appropriate core structure is present.
  • the components of mat 1300 are more clearly shown in the exploded drawing of Figure 19.
  • the steel frame 1320 is shown as having a plurality of components including two elongated side components, a front component, a back component and two cross members 1345, all of which are welded or bolted together to form the frame 1320.
  • Side beam bolting members 1335 are also welded to the box frame 1320. These bolting members are configured to pass through openings in the side beams 1305, 1310 to secure the side beams to the steel box frame 1320. This is done by tightening nuts onto the ends of the bolting members 1335 after they pass through the holes in the side beams.
  • the side beam holes are recessed so that the bolting and nuts do not extend beyond the sides of the beams.
  • the lifting elements 1330, 1340 are preferably in the shape of a D ring which is welded or bolted to the box frame 1320 or its cross members 1345 as best shown in Figure 19.
  • the upper layer elongated members 1315A, 1315B, 1315C, and lower layer elongated members 1325 A, 1325B, 1325C are also bolted to the box frame 1320.
  • the box frame 1320 defines open areas therein, it is best to fill those open areas with material that will contribute to the ruggedness and weight of the mat.
  • a filler of wood members 1350 that either are scrap pieces from the production of other mats or are end grain or engineered wood can be used. It is also possible to use a less expensive wood material such as treated pine because the purpose of these filler materials is simply to add weight to the mat and they are not exposed to wear or abuse.
  • the open areas of the core may be filled with other materials of the types disclosed elsewhere herein.
  • Figures 20 and 21 illustrate yet another mat 1400 that includes a steel frame core 1410.
  • the core is used on an interlocking mat that has upper 1405 and lower 1415 layers of elongated members.
  • elongated members may be made of wood, engineered wood, or of a thermoplastic, elastomeric, rubber, or thermosetting plastic material.
  • the plastic and elastomeric or rubber materials can be used alone or can be reinforced as known in the art to provide additional strength, abrasion or wear resistance or to otherwise improve physical properties.
  • wood is preferred as it provides abrasion and abuse protection to the mat at a relatively low cost.
  • three elongated members 1415 A, 1415B, 1415C of the lower layer are offset from the others to form a configuration for interlocking with an adjacent similarly configured mat as disclosed elsewhere herein.
  • the steel frame 1410 includes four side members and two cross members 1420 which can be welded or bolted together to form the frame.
  • the open space in the box frame can be filled with material that will contribute to the ruggedness and weight of the mat.
  • a filler of wood members 1450 that either are scrap pieces from the production of other mats or are end grain or engineered wood can be used. It is also possible to use a less expensive wood material such as treated pine because the purpose of these filler materials is simply to add weight to the mat and they are not exposed to wear or abuse.
  • the open areas of the core may be filled with other materials of the types disclosed elsewhere herein.
  • a rectangular bumper configuration 1440 is provided along all outer side surfaces of the steel box frame.
  • D-shaped lifting elements can be 1445 can be provided in various locations on the top and bottom of the mat in positions where they can be welded to the cross members 1420 of the steel frame. These would allow lifting of the mat and transport as well as placement into the appropriate locations during installation.
  • Figure 22 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention wherein the environmentally resistant core of the mat 1500 is a fiberglass reinforced polyester or epoxy grating 1505 having a thickness of 3 inches and with grating openings of 2x2 inches.
  • the same upper 1510 and lower 1515 wood structures of Figures 20-21 can also be used for this mat, with all of the components bolted together.
  • the grating can have a greater or lesser thickness ranging from about 2.5 to 4 inches in thickness with openings of between 1.5x1.5 inches and 3x3 inches.
  • a solid fiberglass reinforced thermosetting resin sheet of the thicknesses mentioned herein either by itself or with apertures or openings cut therein.
  • the bolting would pass through the entire construction in order to provide the greatest strength and are placed in recessed holes so that the bolts and nuts do not extend past the upper and lower surfaces of the mat.
  • the grating can instead be a metal sheet with apertures therein to reduce the weight of the mat.
  • the metal sheet can be 2 inches thick with openings both for the bolts that are used to join the mat components together as well as with additional openings to reduce the weight of the sheet.
  • the openings can be random or uniform and can range from 1 to 6 inch in diameter for circular openings and from 2x2 to 4x4 inch rectangular or square openings.
  • a metal grating or welded rod arrangement can also be used if desired.
  • thermoplastic boards would preferably be HDPE boards about 2 inch x 8 inch by 8 feet, while the monolithic unit would be made of HDPE, sized 8 feet x 12, 14 or 16 feet long and about 2 inches thick, with a flat, closed cell or open cell geometry.
  • the wood members would be about the same size as the HDPE boards.
  • thermoplastic would preferably be HDPE for the monolithic unit and/or the boards, while the size of the monolithic unit would be 8 feet x 12, 14 or 16 feet long and about 2 inches thick, with a flat, closed cell or open cell geometry, and wherein the elongated members would be about 2 inch x 8 inch by 8 feet. Again, the wood members would be about the same size as the HDPE boards.
  • a top outer layer of elongated wood or laminated wood members a core construction of a grating of fiberglass reinforced thermosetting plastic material, and a lower outer layer of elongated wood or laminated wood members.
  • the wood members would have a size of about 2 inches x 8 inches by 8 feet.
  • the grating would be 2 inches thick and have openings of 2x2 inches and would be sized to match the mat, i.e., 8 feet x 12, 14 or 16 feet long, or segments representing portions of the mat can be used (e.g., a 3, 4 or 4.5 foot long section of an 8 foot wide mat with 4 sections used in the mat).
  • the present invention provides unexpected benefits over the art in that the outer layer(s) can provide resistance to abrasion and abuse of the construction core structure while the core structure is resistant to moisture, water or even certain chemicals encountered from the surrounding environment. This enables the core structure to provide a much longer service life than when conventional wood components are used since the core structure is resistant to rotting or other chemical degradation that would otherwise affect wood components of the core. Finally, to the extent that any of the components of the upper or lower outer layers are damaged, they can be replaced so that a new mat can be made with the reuse of all of the core.
  • FIGs 24 to 27 illustrate another crane mat 1600 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the crane that includes internal beams made of softwood such as pine timbers to reduce the overall cost of the mat.
  • these timbers are not as abrasion and abuse resistance as other materials or components, they are protected on all sides by one or more different mat components.
  • the adjacent pine timbers can be assembled into the core of the mat and protected on either longitudinal side with oak beams.
  • the pine timbers would also be configured to be shorter than the longitudinal oak beams with the upper and lower surfaces of the pine timbers protected by more durable elongated members.
  • a steel or metal plate can be placed between each adjacent pine timbers as well as between the oak beams and the adjacent pine timbers to further strengthen the mat.
  • This crane mat 1600 includes two side beams 1610, 1620 which are made of white oak and which have dimensions of about 12 x 12 inches and a length of approximately 16 feet.
  • the core of the mat is made primarily of three pine timbers, each labeled 1630, which have dimensions of approximately 12 inches wide and 8 inches high.
  • the pine timbers are located adjacent the center of the height of the side beams such the side beams extend approximately 1 to 2 inches above and 1 to 2 inches below the pine timbers.
  • boards 1640 each of which is approximately 2 inches thick, 8 inches wide and 16 inches long, are provided above and below the pine timbers as shown.
  • the boards can be made of wood, engineered lumber, plastic or recycle materials.
  • the oak beams and boards thus protect the pine timbers from abuse while reducing the cost of the mat due to the substitution of the pine timbers for oak timbers. And when these boards are spaced apart, channels 1655 are formed between them which allow water to drawing from the mat during use.
  • bumper members can be provided on the forward and rearward word ends of the mat to provide further protection.
  • FIG. 25 Another embodiment of the invention that is shown in Figure 25 is the use of rectangular steel plates 1650 that are approximately 3/8 of an inch thick and have dimensions of 12 inches high and 16 feet long.
  • Four plates are shown, one between each beam and timber, to provide additional strength to the mat. While these plates are shown as being the same height as the side beams, alternative embodiments utilize plates that are 1 to 2 inches shorter than the side beams of the mat. When such shorter plates are used, the upper and lower surfaces of the mat are thus provided with channels that allow water to drain from the mat during use.
  • the plates can be of the same height and length as the pine timbers, or they can be 1 to 2 inches shorter than those timbers.
  • the shorter steel plates reduce the overall weight of the mat compared to larger steel plates while still providing additional ruggedness to the mat.
  • the side beams, pine timbers and plates are joined together by bolting 1660 which extends across the width of the mat.
  • a number of bolts are used spaced every 3 to 6 feet of length of the mat.
  • the bolts pass through each of the beams, plates and timbers and are secured in placed by a washer and nut arrangement 1665.
  • the upper and lower boards 1640 are either nailed or bolted to the pine timbers.
  • a new lifting element arrangement is provided.
  • This arrangement includes a D-shaped ring 1670 that is pivotally attached to a steel plate 1675 that is welded to the steel plates 1650 that are present on the outer sides of the pine timbers 1630 and as well as in between the pine timbers.
  • the plate is accommodated in the pine timbers by a formed slot 1680 into which the plate can be seated.
  • the lifting element plate 1675 would be welded at its ends to two or three of the longitudinal reinforcement plates 1650 to provide a very secure connection that will would allow overhead lifting of the mat for installation or removal as well as to facilitate loading or unloading of the mats on a truck or train bed.
  • the D-shaped ring is provided in an opening 1685 in the center board in such a way that when not used to lift the mat, the D-shaped ring lies flat in the opening so as to not hinder movement of personnel over the mat.
  • the two lifting elements are shown on the upper surface of the mat, it is desirable to also provide the same arrangement on the lower surface of the mat.
  • the number and precise location of the lifting elements is not critical but can be selected by a skilled artisan depending upon the overall size and weight of the mat.
  • each mat is provided with different internal core constructions
  • the outer surface of the mats are very similar in appearance, such that it is not readily observable as to which mat has a particular internal construction.
  • another aspect of the invention relates to the providing of each mat with identification means that indicates the core or internal construction of the mat.
  • the identification means enables operators to readily determine which mats have a certain core or internal constructions of wood, engineered wood, thermoplastics, elastomers, thermosehing plastics, metal, or of coated or encapsulated components, so that the correct mats can be selected and provided to a jobsite for use by the customer.
  • identification means include an external color code, a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, or an RFID tag
  • alphanumeric indicator applied to an outer surface of the mat or that is provided upon a plate that is applied to an outer surface of the mat.
  • the easiest identification means to use is an external color code that is placed upon the mat, preferably in an area that does not receive much abrasion or wear. Different colors or strips or color combinations can be used to identify the different core constructions of the mat. And it is highly useful to apply the color code to the same relative positions on each mat for easy identification. For example, placing the external color code along a longitudinal side of each mat allows the color coding to be visible when the mats are stacked upon each other. This simple visual confirmation can be used to make sure that the proper mats are selected: even when the mats are just stacked in the work yard, one can see which ones have the correct color code for the desired core construction.
  • Another use of color can be to identify mats for a particular customer. This would assist in making sure that the mats are properly collected and delivered.
  • This color can be an additional color beyond that which is used to identify the mat core, or the mats can have a single unique color or color pahem (e.g., stripes, dots etc.) that identifies both the customer and the mat core.
  • the color can be provided in a particular location or area to confirm who the customer is to assist in quality control regarding the correct shipping and delivery of the mats.
  • Another type of identification means comprises a RFID tag that is attached to the mat and that can be scanned to identify the core or internal construction of the mat.
  • One example of such a tag is seen in Figure 17. This tag can be read by a scanner so that the mat core construction can be identified prior to shipping of the mat to the customer.
  • a simpler type of identification means is one that comprises an external alphanumeric indicator that is applied to an outer surface of the mat or that is provided upon a plate that is applied to an outer surface of the mat. These can be carved, burnished or stamped into or onto the mat again is a location that is not expected to experience severe abrasion or wear.
  • each mat can further be provided with a surface color that indicates a potential use or non-use of the mat. This can assist in allowing personnel to properly operate on the mat and to promote safety. These colors can include, for example, red to indicate that portions of the mat need to be kept free of equipment, yellow for indicating that caution is needed, green to indicate portions of the mat that are designed to accommodate travel or movement by trucks or heavy equipment over the mat.
  • paints or coatings additives that can facilitate movement upon the mat, such as fine particles or grit that can impart slip resistance, or greater sized particles of materials that can provide bumps similar to a rumble strip that would indicate to a moving vehicle that it is approaching the end of the mat.
  • the different sized particles can be provided in different colored paints or coatings.
  • colors can be used in any of the foregoing embodiments according to a particular code or correspondence of each color to a specific use or prohibited use. These colors can be tailored to the mat user’s particular requirements so that work operations upon or around the mats can be optimized for safety, efficiency and expediency. Coloring can also be used to define certain areas of the worksite or to help the mats blend into surrounding areas, so that the jobsite can look as clean and undisturbed as possible. For these reasons to use of conventional paints and other surface coatings enhance the usefulness of the mats for any particular application.
  • FIG. 28 can be a representation of a field installation of a set of mats in a particular geographic location for a particular customer application (e.g., support for a crane, oil rig equipment, etc.) ⁇ Mats 2802 are configured and arranged in a particular geographic location for the current customer application.
  • System 2800 can involve mats that are installed, currently housed in inventory, are in transit, or under repair.
  • Each mat 2802 includes an identification means that can be an electronic device, printed circuit board, or electronic circuit configured to provide certain characteristics or capabilities to the mat 2802 and to the overall system 2800.
  • Mat 2803 is configured to house the identification means, e.g., such that it is enclosed within the mat 2803 (e.g., in order to protect the identification means from physical damage or weather conditions).
  • the identification means in each mat 2802 can be configured to be the same or substantially the same or can vary between mats.
  • Server 2804 is implemented at a location separate and typically remote from mats 2802.
  • Server 2804 includes a database (internal or external) for supporting the operation of server 2804.
  • Computer executable instructions are implemented and stored in server 2804 that is configured to communicate with mats 2802 and communicate with client devices 2806 to provide certain features.
  • Server 2804 can be implemented in a cloud service and will in general have associated protections such as a firewall or other equipment that protects server 2804 from unauthorized security access or other online attacks.
  • Server 2804 communicates with client devices 2806 to provide certain services and interactive features to software running on client devices 2806.
  • Server 2804 is configured to implement secure connections with client devices 2806. Certain information is collected, maintained, and updated by server 2804.
  • server 2804 collects, stores, and updates the following information for each mat to server 2804: the weight of the mat, load capabilities of the mat, the markets that mat is to be used in, the style and type of mat, the maximum load limits, the age of the mat by quarter (e.g., 2.25 years since first deployed), alerts or flag for the mat (e.g., do not use, damaged), color coding of mat to specify the mat is configured for a particular type of use in the field (e.g., the type of equipment it can be used with), color coding to determine the maximum weight that can be on the mat, material sources, manufacturing team for that mat, materials used, date of manufacture, date of each installation (and return), length of each installation, notes, structural wear, operational flags (e.g., suggesting maintenance) and potentially other information.
  • the weight of the mat the weight of the mat
  • load capabilities of the mat the markets that mat is to be used in, the style and type of mat, the maximum load limits, the age of the mat by quarter (e.g., 2.25 years
  • the database may also store for each mat the current or last obtained location of the mat, an identifier for the mat, history information for the mat, data from a sensor on or in the mat (e.g., that provides actual usage characteristics, level of vibration), and a network address for the mat.
  • the information is preferably provided with color coding for ease of viewing and interpretation.
  • a software application, computer executable instructions stored on computer readable medium, on client devices 2806 is configured to communicate with the server 2804.
  • the software application generates a graphical user interface that displays to the user information and interactive options related to the mats installed or used for that customer.
  • the software application can also be configured to provide information and interactive visual options to others such as the owner or distributor of mats (e.g., view inventory information).
  • the software application can be configured to receive information from server 2804 in connection with mats and is configured to apply a visual color scheme based on the type of mat. This permits quick differentiation and understanding of the relevance of the mat. For example, mats with a steel core can be identified with the color blue and mats while those with a plastic core identified with the color red.
  • the graphical interface on client device 2806 maintains this color scheme when displaying frames, icons, or identifiers for each mat and does so in a consistent way whenever a mat is identified or selected in the interface.
  • Circuitry included as part of the identification means can include communications circuitry that configures the identification means to be able to (a) communicate with other mats such as by direct mat to mat wireless communications or through an intermediary such as a server, (b) communicate with server 2804, and/or (c) operate as a relay or router that sends or transmits communications (e.g., messages) from a first mat to a second mat or server 2804 through an intermediary mat.
  • the identification means can be configured to be able to communicate with nearby mobile telephone base stations and to transmit and receive messages over the wireless mobile telephone network (which implicitly includes data communications capability) using the base stations. This is primarily for the purpose of establishing a communication path for communicating with server 2804. Other network communications arrangements are also contemplated.
  • Server 2804 can be configured to establish communications connections with client devices 2806 using the Internet or other network connection and can use wired, wireless, or combination thereof to establish communications.
  • an electronic device 2900 provides the identification functionality and other functionality.
  • electronic device 2900 comprises processor 2902, communications circuitry 2904, antenna 2905, storage 2908, sensor(s) 2910, and battery 2912.
  • Communication circuitry 2904 can be a combinations of hardware or physical circuits in combination with software that is executed on the hardware or circuits.
  • Communications circuitry 2904 can be wireless communications modem such as one that is used to communicate in accordance with mobile telecommunications standards such as CDMA and GSM.
  • Antenna 2904 is a separate circuit or devices from communications circuitry 2904 or is integrated into the communications circuitry 2904.
  • Antenna 2906 is used by communications circuitry 2904 to transmit and receive messages in accordance with a wireless communications protocol.
  • Processor 2902 is a computer processor configured to provide programmed functionality to device 2900.
  • Computer processors are also generally referred to as microprocessors.
  • Processor 2902 is configured to sends and received data from storage 2908 and to received and execute computer readable instructions from storage 2908 (if processor 2902 is not an ASIC and is a general processor).
  • Storage 2908 is computer readable memory and can comprise volatile and/or non-volatile memory (non-transitory memory). Non volatile memory may be RAM, or solid state memory that is used by device 2900 to store data and computer readable instructions for carrying out the functionality of the device 2900. Storage can include ROM or other transient memory for operational purposes.
  • Battery 2912 is integrated into device 2900 or can be connected to it via wires.
  • Battery 2912 has the capability to provide an extended operating life to device 2900 such that the battery when charged and installed can support the operation of the device for an extended period of time such as 90 to 180 days.
  • Battery 2912 is for example a lithium battery.
  • Sensor 2910 is configured in device 2900 to provide operational information related to the mat to the device 2900.
  • Sensor 2910 can be a vibration sensor, load sensor, temperature sensor, or other type of sensor. Multiple sensors of different types can be implemented as sensors 2910.
  • device 2900 is installed when a mat is first manufactured.
  • Device 2900 provides a tool for the identification, tracking, and condition monitoring of each mat.
  • device 2900 is returned from usage, if needed battery 2912 is charged or replaced and information stored about its corresponding mat is maintained (without being deleted).
  • Processor 2902 with the support of storage 2908 executes a software program that stores identification information such as a serial number and other details such as those mentioned above in connection with the data on the server.
  • Processor 2902 also receives sensor 2910 data overtime and stores the data in storage 2908.
  • the sensor can be a vibration sensor and device 2900 can store a history or a representation of vibrations detected by the sensor over time (detected vibrations of the mat).
  • Device 2900 can be configured to send sensor data or data representative of the output of a vibration sensor to server 2804.
  • data from sensor(s) 2910 can be stored remotely at server 2804 or can be stored only on device 2900 for that mat, or a combination can be implemented.
  • Sensor 2910 or communications received via circuitry 2904 can also be configured as a mechanism for checking the mat into and out of use by a particular customer or premises (e.g., inventor).
  • a message can be sent over a wireless communications channel to device 2900 to update this information and add the information to storage 2908.
  • the data can be stored, tracked (historical log), and maintained in storage 2908, server 2804 or a combination thereof.
  • device 2900 includes a printed circuit board that receives circuitry such as semiconductor chips that are configured to implement processor 2902, communications circuitry 2904, storage 2908, and sensor(s) 2910. Other configurations and implementations are also contemplated.
  • circuitry such as semiconductor chips that are configured to implement processor 2902, communications circuitry 2904, storage 2908, and sensor(s) 2910.
  • Other configurations and implementations are also contemplated.
  • Communications circuitry 2904 can include GPS circuitry for determining the geographic location of device 2900 (and consequently its corresponding mat). GPS location data can be stored by processor 2902 in storage 2908 (stores the current location and/or a history of locations) or can be transmitted to server 2804 and stored in the database.
  • Communication circuitry 2908 or sensors 2910 can include a gyro and related circuitry that configures device 2900 to be able to track and determine the orientation of mat (based on predetermined information about the location of the device 2900 within the mat).
  • Software implemented on server 2804 and/or client devices 2806 can be implemented and configured to provide an interactive site planning and status tool. Information about a plurality of mats can be collected and used in the software to allow a user to plan a site installation based on mat dimensions, designated application, and other information stored by server 2804 and/or client devices 2806.
  • the software (referring to a set of computer executable instructions adapted to provide certain features when executed) is also configured to allow a user of the system to view information about a mat at an installation such as age, history, vibration sensor data, and other information (including recently sensor collected data) and use that information to determine the physical state and it continues to have sufficient structural integrity for the site application.
  • device 2900 may have different implementations or states.
  • a mesh network or similar network protocol can be configured using devices 2900 that provides the devices 2900 the capability to communicate with other mats through each other and to collect data (from its own mat and other mats) and transmit to other devices 2900 or other types devices over the network.
  • Another implementation or state can be one in which device 2900 is configured to connect to other networks such as a mobile telecommunications network or other wireless network.
  • a particular device 2900 can be capable of both and configured to be operating in both networks.
  • a first mat can transmit identification information or other data to a second mat (to device 2900 in that mat) and the second mat is configured to transmit the received data to server 2804 over a wide area network (which includes a data network of a mobile telephone network such as Verizon).
  • the transmission can be in response to sever 2804 transmitting a request to the first mat (which may be transmitted through the second mat) and services by the first mat.
  • device 2800 is configured to determine that a first type of connection (e.g., mobile telecommunication network) is unavailable and selects to transmit or establish communications using a second type of connection (e.g., local mesh network with another mat). For example, if a mat determine that it does not have a good or sufficient signal on the mobile telecommunications network, it can communicate with one or more other mats and use that mat’s better reception on the mobile telecommunications network to communicate with server 2804.
  • a first type of connection e.g., mobile telecommunication network
  • a second type of connection e.g., local mesh network with another mat.
  • System 2800 is preferably configured to provide real time tracking of mats by way of devices 2900.
  • Real time means the system is configured to provide accurate information (e.g., current location) that may be delayed only by about 10 milliseconds or less.
  • System 2800 is configured to request and receive or in general receive locations information from GPS sensors or stored GPS location information from mats (via devices 2800) and store the information for transmission to users such as users on client devices.
  • a real time database can be implemented on sever 2800 to be able to provide the required performance in serving real time data to users.
  • Device 2800 can be installed inside a mat and have a cover or door on the exterior of the mat that permits a user to open and gain access to device 2900 (e.g., to replace the battery or for maintenance).
  • Functional components illustrated in FIG. 29 can be individual physical elements such as individual semiconductor chips. Multiple components can be integrated together into same chip or circuit. An application specific integrated chip can be developed and used for the overall design or components. It is understood that different combinations of features are contemplated including device 2900 with few elements or additional elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un inventaire de tapis industriels (100) ayant différentes structures de noyau ou structures internes (115) qui ne sont pas visibles en raison de l'inclusion de composants latéraux, d'extrémité, supérieur et inférieur (105, 110) qui masquent la structure de noyau ou la structure interne à la vue, chaque tapis (100) comprenant un dispositif électronique qui indique ce qui est présent dans la structure de noyau ou la structure interne masquée du tapis, le dispositif électronique comprenant un processeur, une mémoire, et un circuit de communication sans fil qui est conçu pour transmettre des informations d'identification, de localisation, d'utilisation ou de propriété physique des tapis sur un réseau de télécommunications sans fil. L'invention concerne également un procédé destiné à fournir une identification de propriétés de tapis ou d'utilisation pour un inventaire de tapis par visualisation des informations stockées sur le dispositif électronique ou par récupération sur un réseau de télécommunications sans fil des informations d'identification, de localisation, d'utilisation ou de propriété physique des tapis à partir de la mémoire du dispositif électronique.
PCT/US2019/040877 2018-07-09 2019-07-08 Tapis industriels ayant des structures de noyau économiquement rentables WO2020014156A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MX2020008696A MX2020008696A (es) 2018-07-09 2019-07-08 Esteras industriales que tienen estructuras de nucleo rentables.
CA3090704A CA3090704A1 (fr) 2018-07-09 2019-07-08 Tapis industriels ayant des structures de noyau economiquement rentables
GB2012949.0A GB2585290A (en) 2018-07-09 2019-07-08 Industrial mats having cost effective core structures
AU2019301562A AU2019301562A1 (en) 2018-07-09 2019-07-08 Industrial mats having cost effective core structures

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/030,263 US10753050B2 (en) 2014-09-23 2018-07-09 Industrial mats having cost effective core structures
US16/030,263 2018-07-09

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WO2020014156A1 true WO2020014156A1 (fr) 2020-01-16

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AU (1) AU2019301562A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3090704A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2585290A (fr)
MX (1) MX2020008696A (fr)
WO (1) WO2020014156A1 (fr)

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WO2021237257A1 (fr) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Ingomar Ritsch Élément sandwich et procédé de production d'un élément sandwich

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US5822944A (en) 1996-09-04 1998-10-20 Penland, Sr.; Joe E. Double locking flooring system for a construction site
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US6380309B1 (en) 2000-07-31 2002-04-30 R. S. Parker Synthetic construction matting
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WO2006048654A1 (fr) 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Vaughans Of Leicester Ltd Structures de plancher constituees de panneaux
US20080292397A1 (en) 2007-05-10 2008-11-27 Farney Greg Ground covering support structure
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US20140193196A1 (en) 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Maxximat, Inc. Ground cover mats with rectangular ends
US20170252256A1 (en) * 2016-03-01 2017-09-07 Brandbumps, Llc Tactile warning panel apparatus and system with smart technology
WO2017151242A1 (fr) * 2016-02-29 2017-09-08 Quality Mat Company Tapis industriels ayant des structures de support de cœur économiques

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US4462712A (en) 1981-07-16 1984-07-31 Quality Mat Company Method and apparatus for a construction site flooring system
US4629358A (en) 1984-07-17 1986-12-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Prefabricated panels for rapid runway repair and expedient airfield surfacing
US5888612A (en) 1995-06-05 1999-03-30 Poly Plus Inc. Load-bearing structures
US5822944A (en) 1996-09-04 1998-10-20 Penland, Sr.; Joe E. Double locking flooring system for a construction site
US6511257B1 (en) 2000-05-31 2003-01-28 Ols Consulting Services, Inc. Interlocking mat system for construction of load supporting surfaces
US6380309B1 (en) 2000-07-31 2002-04-30 R. S. Parker Synthetic construction matting
WO2006048654A1 (fr) 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Vaughans Of Leicester Ltd Structures de plancher constituees de panneaux
US20080292397A1 (en) 2007-05-10 2008-11-27 Farney Greg Ground covering support structure
US8061929B2 (en) 2008-06-06 2011-11-22 Dagesse Paul J Rig mat system using panels of composite material
US20140193196A1 (en) 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Maxximat, Inc. Ground cover mats with rectangular ends
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021237257A1 (fr) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Ingomar Ritsch Élément sandwich et procédé de production d'un élément sandwich

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CA3090704A1 (fr) 2020-01-16
MX2020008696A (es) 2020-09-25
GB202012949D0 (en) 2020-09-30
GB2585290A (en) 2021-01-06
AU2019301562A1 (en) 2020-08-20

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