WO2020012204A2 - Capture de dioxyde de carbone sous forme d'engrais dans des centrales au charbon - Google Patents

Capture de dioxyde de carbone sous forme d'engrais dans des centrales au charbon Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020012204A2
WO2020012204A2 PCT/GR2019/000050 GR2019000050W WO2020012204A2 WO 2020012204 A2 WO2020012204 A2 WO 2020012204A2 GR 2019000050 W GR2019000050 W GR 2019000050W WO 2020012204 A2 WO2020012204 A2 WO 2020012204A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
subsystem
carbon dioxide
ammonia
tower
capture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GR2019/000050
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English (en)
Inventor
Alexandros Papadopoulos
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Alexandros Papadopoulos
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2020012204A2 publication Critical patent/WO2020012204A2/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
    • B01D2252/102—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
    • B01D2252/103—Water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/406—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/58—Ammonia
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Definitions

  • Carbon dioxide capture technology has made considerable progress in other applications such as ammonia and fertilizer production, as well as applications where the carbon dioxide produced is sold as a commercial product for various industrial uses.
  • Carbon Dioxide Units there is a need to reduce both the cost of the investment in Capex and the cost of the produced kilowatt hour so that its application becomes competitive and sustainable, as well as for the possibility of alternative storage of carbon dioxide when not used as a commercial product.
  • the main barrier to the use of carbon capture technology is investment costs and storage costs, which are still an order of magnitude more expensive than the price level that would compete with the use of carbon capture technology.
  • FIG. 1 shows the General Layout of Capture of Carbon Dioxide System with Ammonia in Coal Fired Power-Plants without the production of fertilizers [Fig. 1. Schematic of the ammonia-based C0 2 capture process (Zhuang et al., 2011).
  • Subsystems (SI), (S2) and (10) are characterized by the fact that they are constructed on the basis of the known since 40 years production of Ammonium Bicarbonate by carbon dioxide capture with parallel production of ammonia from coal in China and elsewhere (Zhuang et al., 2011),
  • Subsystem (S3) is also built on the basis of the known since 40 years technology of production of Ammonium Bicarbonate by capture of carbon dioxide with parallel production of ammonia from coal in China and elsewhere (Zhuang et al., 2011),
  • Subsystems (S4), (S5), (S6), (S7), (S8), (S9) and Subsystems (S4) and S5 are characterized in that they are constructed on the basis of known technology of capture of carbon dioxide using ammonia for the production and compression of pure C0 2 for transport and permanent storage in underground geological formations (Zhuang et al., 2011),
  • Subsystems (SI) through (10) above are further characterized in that they cooperate as follows in the description of the ammonia-based C02 capture technology below, wherein a schematic illustration of the process is shown in Drawing 1, wherein the C0 2 capture by an absorbent liquid (ammonia solution) is effected by an exhaust gas stream rich in C0 2 , which through the Subsystems (SI) and (S2) is fed to an Absorber Tower (S3) (Absorber or Absorber Column) and then via the Subsystem (S4) to a Tower of Desorption (S6) (Desorber, Regenerator or Stripper).
  • S3 Absorber or Absorber Column
  • S6 Tower of Desorption
  • ammonia-based C0 2 capture process is used as an absorber liquid a partially carbonated aqueous solution of ammonia (a composition close to that of NH 4 HC0 3 Ammonium Carbonate or AC) which is fed to the Absorption Tower (S3) through the Subsystem (S5) of Diluted Ammonia Solution. Pure aqueous ammonia solution cannot be used because of the extremely high vapor pressure of ammonia (Zhuang et al., 2011),
  • the first step is the absorption of C02, in which the exhaust gas (the C0 2 containing gas) enters the Absorption Tower (S3) through the bottom and the absorption fluid stream enters through the top.
  • This process is known as countercurrent flow.
  • a certain amount of C0 2 (the target is C0 2 capture by 90%) is removed from the gas coming out of the top of the Absorption Tower (S3), while the absorption fluid stream collected at the bottom of the Absorption Tower (S3) is very rich in C0 2 ,
  • composition of the absorbent liquid in the bottom of the Absorption Tower (S3) is mainly Ammonium Bicarbonate (2NH 4 HC0 3 or ABC).
  • the Concentrated Solution Product of the Absorption Tower (S3) is propelled for regeneration of the ABC to the Subsystem (S6) of the Carbon Dioxide Regeneration Tower through the Subsystem (S4) of Abduction of the Concentrated Solution Product of the Absorption Tower (S3), where the regeneration of ABC is an endothermic process, and a reheater at the bottom of the Regeneration Tower (S6), evaporates some of the liquid, decomposes the ABC, releasing the C0 2 (Zhuang et al., 2011, Darde et al., 2008),
  • the vapors (C0 2 and water vapors) then flow upward through the Regeneration Tower (S6), and come into contact with the down flowing absorbing liquid and release more C0 2 .
  • the regeneration can operate at atmospheric pressure, 60-70°C, or at higher pressure, e.g. 20 atm, 120°C (Zhuang et al., 2011, Black et al., 2008).
  • the liquid collected at the bottom of the Regeneration Tower (S6) is now C0 2 -poor with a composition close to that of Ammonium Carbonate (NH 4 HC0 3 or AC) and is cooled before being recycled to the Absorption Tower (S3) with heat exchange with the C0 2 -rich current in the HX Heat Exchanger between the Subsystems (S4) and (S5),
  • the Contact Packing provides the necessary contact surface in the region within the Towers (S3) and (S6), thereby allowing increased fluid-gas contact which results in enhanced mass and heat transfer between the various process phases.
  • the mass and heat transfer efficiency is an important factor in determining the C0 2 absorption efficiency and hence the size of the equipment.
  • the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the modified application of the above process for the capture and storage of carbon dioxide and other pollutants (S0 2 , S0 3 , NO x , Hg, HCI) with ammonia in coal-fired power plants where instead of producing pure carbon dioxide for permanent storage (eg in underground geological formations), which is expensive and is currently in the phase of research, the following modification of the production process and the system is proposed for the production of fertilizers,
  • the present invention avoids not only the cost of the investment and the cost of the operation of the abolished Subsystems (S4), (S6), (S7), (S8) kai (S9), but also the cost of transportation and permanent storage of the produced pure carbon dioxide and the other pollutants, which in many cases is comparable with the cost of the initial investment of separation and capture of the C02,
  • the present invention is characterized in that when applied to Coal Fired Power Plants which have already a Desulfurization System, the total investment for the capture of the emitted carbon dioxide and of the other pollutants, while producing useful products with high added value, is limited to the realization only of the modified Subsystem (S5A) of Supply of Diluted Ammonia Solution to the Absorption Tower (S3), which in some Desulfurization systems already exists in a slightly different form, as a second Calcium Hydroxide Scrubbing Tower for a more complete Desulfurization and which, with a very small adjustment, can function as a Water Scrubbing Tower of the exhaust gas from the Absorption Tower (S3), which still contains a small percentage of carbon dioxide as well as escapes of ammonia vapors, which by water scrubbing in the (S5A) generates the dilute carbonated ammonia solution, which is recycled to the Absorption Tower (S3), where it is necessary for the absorption process of the carbon dioxide,
  • the present invention is characterized in that when applied to Coal Fired Power Plants which have already a Desulfurization System, they use also the Subsystem (10) itself as is, which consists in supplying the cold exhaust gases after Desulfurization to the inside of the Cooling Tower of the Unit, where the upward exhaust gases discharge stream is generated by mixing with the rising hot water vapor stream of the Cooling Tower, while also being used as a Subsystem (S9) for the retention of the small final escapes of ammonia vapors as above,
  • the Power Generation Unit now functions as a RES Unit with capability to cover the night load curve, which is extremely important to cover the incapacity of operation of the the RES Units also during the night (PV) or when the wind does not blow (Aeolian), which is the Achilles' heel of these two RES.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la capacité à capturer le dioxyde de carbone par production d'engrais en utilisant de l'ammoniac pour produire du bicarbonate d'ammonium, du sulfate d'ammonium et du nitrate d'ammonium, trois engrais très puissants ayant une valeur ajoutée élevée et avec un investissement particulièrement faible, en particulier en cas d'application à des centrales au charbon avec un système de désulfuration, qui contient déjà presque tous les équipements requis pour la capture de dioxyde de carbone avec production simultanée d'engrais, alors qu'est retirée la partie de l'équipement liée à la régénération du bicarbonate d'ammonium et la compression de dioxyde de carbone pour le transport et le stockage dans des formations géologiques souterraines, dont le coût est également évité, et que la centrale au charbon peut en même temps fonctionner en tant qu'unité RES et couvrir la courbe de charge également pendant la nuit, ou lorsque le vent ne souffle pas, en tant qu'unité de support pour l'autre RES.
PCT/GR2019/000050 2018-07-10 2019-07-09 Capture de dioxyde de carbone sous forme d'engrais dans des centrales au charbon WO2020012204A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GR20180100308 2018-07-10
GR20180100308A GR20180100308A (el) 2018-07-10 2018-07-10 Δεσμευση διοξειδιου του ανθρακα με την μορφη λιπασματων σε ανθρακικες μοναδες ηλεκτροπαραγωγης

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WO2020012204A2 true WO2020012204A2 (fr) 2020-01-16

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022237834A1 (fr) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 江南环保集团股份有限公司 Procédé et appareil intégrés de désulfuration et de décarburation à base de processus ammoniac

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB271852A (en) * 1926-05-28 1927-11-10 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Improvements in and means for the extraction of carbon dioxide from gaseous mixtures
GB0721488D0 (en) * 2007-11-01 2007-12-12 Alstom Technology Ltd Carbon capture system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022237834A1 (fr) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 江南环保集团股份有限公司 Procédé et appareil intégrés de désulfuration et de décarburation à base de processus ammoniac

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