WO2020007856A1 - Process for the selective acylation of primary hydroxy groups in the presence of secondary hydroxy groups and catalyst therefor - Google Patents
Process for the selective acylation of primary hydroxy groups in the presence of secondary hydroxy groups and catalyst therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020007856A1 WO2020007856A1 PCT/EP2019/067727 EP2019067727W WO2020007856A1 WO 2020007856 A1 WO2020007856 A1 WO 2020007856A1 EP 2019067727 W EP2019067727 W EP 2019067727W WO 2020007856 A1 WO2020007856 A1 WO 2020007856A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- range
- compound
- hydroxy group
- metal oxide
- process according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FRMVBNPEOHCJAG-MDVWVIHYSA-N (2Z,4Z,7E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,7-triene-1,6-diol Chemical compound OC/C=C(/C)\C=C/C(O)C(\C)=C\CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FRMVBNPEOHCJAG-MDVWVIHYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- LGSMHIKQRBNNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=CC=CC(C=CC)O)O Chemical compound C(C=CC=CC(C=CC)O)O LGSMHIKQRBNNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000342 retinol acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- QGNJRVVDBSJHIZ-QHLGVNSISA-N retinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C QGNJRVVDBSJHIZ-QHLGVNSISA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019173 retinyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011770 retinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical class [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PSQYTAPXSHCGMF-BQYQJAHWSA-N β-ionone Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C PSQYTAPXSHCGMF-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001266 acyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001262 acyl bromides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- -1 e.g. CO3 2- Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- HVZJRWJGKQPSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-Amyl methyl ether Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OC HVZJRWJGKQPSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 3
- WHIRALQRTSITMI-UJURSFKZSA-N (1s,5r)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-one Chemical compound O1[C@@]2([H])OC[C@]1([H])CCC2=O WHIRALQRTSITMI-UJURSFKZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N acetyl-CoA Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 ZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-mevalonic acid Chemical compound OCC[C@](O)(C)CC(O)=O KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBUJFULDVAZULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypentane Chemical compound CCCCCOC DBUJFULDVAZULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004398 2-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C)(CC)* 0.000 description 1
- KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-mevalonic acid Natural products OCCC(O)(C)CC(O)=O KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020038 Mg6Al2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940100228 acetyl coenzyme a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003135 prenol lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/10—Magnesium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/038—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form slurries or suspensions, e.g. a washcoat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C403/00—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone
- C07C403/06—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
- C07C403/08—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms by hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C403/00—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone
- C07C403/06—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
- C07C403/12—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms by esterified hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/09—Geometrical isomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
Definitions
- the present invention is directed towards a process for the selective acylation of a primary hydroxy group in a compound that may optionally further comprise at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group comprising the step of reacting the compound with an acylating agent in the presence of a solid base catalyst, whereby the solid base catalyst is a hyd rota lcite- like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof as defined and described in more detail below.
- the present invention is also directed to the catalyst itself as to its manufacture and to its use in acylation reactions. Detailed description
- the compound to be acylated is a primary allylic alcohol that may optionally further comprise at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group. More preferably the compound to be acylated is a primary allylic alcohol of formula (A) that may optionally further comprise at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group, so that a preferred process of the present invention is the acylation of a compound of formula (A) to a compound of formula (B),
- a solid base catalyst is a hyd rotalcite- like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof, whereby one of R 1 and R 2 is methyl and the other of R 1 and R 2 is a terpenoid moiety “CH 2 + n (C5)”, whereby C5 is an is
- Ci- 20 -alkyl encompasses Ci -2 o linear alkyl, as well as C 3-20 cyclic alkyl and C 3-20 branched alkyl.
- Ci- 6 -alkyl encompasses C 1-6 linear alkyl, as well as C 3-6 cyclic alkyl and C 3-6 branched alkyl.
- isoprenoids are any of a class of organic compounds composed of two or more units of hydrocarbons, with each unit consisting of five carbon atoms arranged in a specific pattern. These compounds are, thus, derived from five-carbon isoprene units and are biosynthesized from a common intermediate known as mevalonic acid, which is itself synthesized from acetyl-Coenzyme A.
- the terpenoid moiety“CH 2 + n (C5)” is a hydrocarbon residue which may be saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted with 1 -3 oxygen containing groups (alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ether), and which may be linear or contain 1 or more ring systems.
- the optimal reaction time is ⁇ 24 hours. If secondary and/or tertiary hydroxy groups are present in the compound to be acylated, the content of the undesired by-product, i.e. the diacetates, is preferably ⁇ 10%, more preferably ⁇ 5%.
- “Hydroxenin” is the trivial name for (2Z,4Z,7E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2’,2’,6’-trimethyl- cyclohex-6’-en-1’-yl) nona-2,4,7-trien-1 ,6-diol, i.e. the compound of formula (I).
- the term“hydroxenin” is the trivial name for (2Z,4Z,7E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2’,2’,6’-trimethyl- cyclohex-6’-en-1’-yl) nona-2,4,7-trien-1 ,6-diol, i.e. the compound of formula (I).
- the term“hydroxenin” is the trivial name for (2Z,4Z,7E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2’,2’,6’-trimethyl- cyclohex-6’-en-1’-yl) nona-2,4,7
- the catalyst should be usable in a fixed bed. This need is fulfilled by the process of the present invention.
- the process of the present invention is preferably carried out in an organic solvent if the compound to be acylated is solid at room temperature, i.e. that it has a melting point above 15 °C.
- the process of the present invention can be carried out without an organic solvent, if the compound to be acylated is liquid at room temperature, i.e. that it has a melting point below 15 ° C.
- Suitable organic solvents are carbonates, ethers, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and any mixtures thereof, preferably ethers, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and any mixtures thereof.
- Examples of preferred carbonates are ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and any mixture thereof such as e.g. commercially available as Jeffsols®, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and butylene carbonate, as well as any mixtures thereof. Since carbonates have a limited stability against strong acids and strong bases, it is necessary to maintain a pH ⁇ 9 and > 3 during the reaction, because otherwise the solvent could partly be degraded.
- the ethers of formula (V) can further be substituted by one or more alkyl groups, preferably by one or more methyl groups.
- Ci-io-alkyl encompasses C MO linear alkyl, as well as C3-10 cyclic alkyl and C3-10 branched alkyl.
- the C 6 -io-aromatic groups (phenyl, naphthyl etc.) may optionally be substituted with C1-4 alkyl groups, whereby Ci -4 -alkyl encompasses Ci -4 linear alkyl, as well as C3-4 cyclic alkyl and C3-4 branched alkyl.
- the total amount of carbon atoms in the ethers is 10.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- 2-methyl-THF 1,4-dioxane
- MTBE methyl tert- butyl ether
- MTBE methyl tert- butyl ether
- methoxycyclopentane methoxypentane
- methoxypentane tert- pentyl methyl ether
- Examples of preferred hydrocarbons are aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as any mixture thereof.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbons are preferably aliphatic linear, branched or cyclic alkanes.
- the aromatic hydrocarbons are preferably C 6 -io aromatic hydrocarbons which may optionally be substituted with alkyl groups, especially with C 1-4 alkyl groups.
- hydrocarbons are especially preferred, are aliphatic Ci -4 halogenated hydrocarbons as well as aromatic C 6 -io halogenated hydrocarbons, whereby aromatic C 6 halogenated hydrocarbons are especially preferred, as well as any mixtures thereof.
- aromatic C 6 halogenated hydrocarbons are especially preferred, as well as any mixtures thereof.
- Most preferred examples are methylene chloride, chloroform,
- chlorobenzene 1 ,2-dichlorethane, and any mixture thereof.
- the use of a single organic solvent is preferred.
- the amount of the starting material, i.e. the compound to be acylated, in the organic solvent is in the range of from 0.1 to 50 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 1 to 20 weight-%, based on the total weight of the starting material and the solvent.
- Hyd rota lcite- like compounds also known as layered double hydroxides, or anionic clays, have a general formula M(ll)i- x M(lll) x (0H) 2* A n x/n» mH 2 0
- M(ll) and M(lll) are divalent and trivalent metals
- a n is an exchangeable anionic species with charge n- such as CO 3 2 , NO 3 , or Cl
- x is the fractional molar amount of M(lll) with respect to M(ll)
- m is the stoichiometric amount of water molecules.
- the name comes from the mineral hydrotalcite having a chemical structure of the formula Mg 6 Al 2 (0H).16C0 3 * 4H 2 0 or Al 2 0 3 * 6Mg0*C0 2* 12H 2 0.
- Hyd rota lcite -like compounds can be prepared or can be purchased from suitable suppliers, for example Merck/Sigma-Aldrich, product number 652288.
- a preferred catalyst is a hydrotalcite-like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof, preferably by thermal activation thereof, preferably a hydrotalcite-like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof comprising magnesium and aluminum and a thermally- removable anionic species, more preferably a hydrotalcite-like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof containing magnesium and aluminium with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 10: 1 , preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 8:1 , more preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5: 1 , most preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 1 : 1 to 4:1 and containing CO 3 2 , NO 3
- the molar ratio of Mg and Al is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) using a Horiba Ultima 2 instrument equipped with photomultiplier tube detection. Prior to analysis, samples were dissolved in 10 wt.% HNO 3 and diluted using decarbonized water.
- a mixed metal oxide that has been thermally activated in air at a temperature in the range of from 70 °C to 1010°C, preferably in the range of from 350 to 1300 K ( 77°C to 1007°C), more preferably in the range of from 300 to 750°C, most preferably in the range of from 600 to 1000 K (327° C to 727° C), is especially preferred.
- the amount of the catalyst is in the range of from 0.1 to 50 weight%, more preferably in the range of from 1 to 30 weight%, most preferably in the range of from 5 to 25 weight%, based on the amount of the compound to be acylated.
- An advantage of the catalyst is that it can be regenerated. By regeneration organic species deposited on the catalyst during the reaction may be removed or the oxide may be reformed if the structure had become partially rehydrated.
- the regeneration is preferably achieved by thermal treatment in air at a temperature in the range of from 773 to 973 K (500 to 700°C).
- Hydrotalcites can be prepared by various methods, commonly by co-precipitation of an aqueous mixture of suitable metal salts, at controlled pH values, for example magnesium and aluminium salts.
- the metal salts are preferably water soluble and are added to aqueous medium.
- the mixing of the entire metal salt containing aqueous solution is performed so that the pH is at least 8, preferably above 9.5.
- alkaline substances such as alkali hydroxide and or alkali carbonate may also be suitably added to the aqueous medium.
- the temperature conditions for the reaction vary considerably depending on the types of aluminum or magnesium component employed, but normally the range of 0-180° C is preferred.
- reaction time also to some extent is a dependent factor on reaction temperature and specific types of starting material, but if starting materials that have good reactivity are chosen, hydrotalcite-like compounds are formed within 10 mins even if the temperature is around 50° C.
- the pressure is typically ambient or
- Thermal activation /calcination of the hydrotalcite-like compounds in air produces mixed metal oxide catalysts with higher porosity than that of the parent hydrotalcite-like compound. While one may encounter a chemical method for creating activated metal oxides of oxyhydroxides, the thermal method is expected to be the easiest and least expensive method. If the hydrotalcite-like compound is heated to ultra-high temperatures, one may surpass the dehydration temperature at which the activated oxides are produced and can ceramicize or otherwise fuse the oxides into substantially inert substances often with spinel-type structures. Selection of an appropriate dehydration temperature is within the skill or practitioners or the relevant arts. Generally, a dehydration temperature in the range of 400-900°C, often above 500 or 600°C, i.e. in the range of from 500 to 900 °C, especially in the range of from 600 to 900 °C, is preferred.
- a preferred process for the manufacture of the catalyst is the following one:
- step (c) Filtering and washing the solid produced in step (b);
- step (e) Calcination of the solid from step (d) at a temperature in the range of from 70°C to 1010°C to obtain the mixed metal oxide derived by activation of a hydrotalcite-like compound.
- the metal salts of step (a) are magnesium and aluminum nitrates, and/or the calcination temperature of step (e) is in the range of from 300°C to 650°C, preferably in the range of from 600 (327°C) to 1000 K (627°C)
- the pore volume of the catalyst is preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 1.0 cm 3 /g, more preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 0.8 cm 3 /g.
- the BET Surface Area of the catalyst is preferably in the range of from 50 to 300 m 2 /g, more preferably in the range of from 100 to 200 m 2 /g.
- the pore volume and BET Surface Area are calculated from the nitrogen isotherms which can be measured e.g. on a Micromeritics TriStar analyser. Prior to analysis, samples are degassed overnight at 423 K (150°C). The degassing temperature should not exceed 150°C to avoid unintentional thermal activation of the samples.
- acylating agents are acid anhydrides and acid halides, whereby acid anhydrides are more preferred, alkanoic acid anhydrides with alkyl being an aliphatic C1-20 alkyl. Alkanoic acid anhydrides with an aliphatic Ci -6 alkyl are even more preferred and most preferred are acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride.
- hydroxenin compound of formula (l)/(IA)
- the process according to the present invention is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of from 20 to 90 °C, more preferably at a
- Products obtained by the process of the present invention are compounds, where the primary hydroxy group has been acylated, whereby the optionally present secondary and/or tertiary hydroxy group(s) remain(s) unreacted.
- the process of the present invention results in“hydroxenin monoacetate” which is the trivial name for (2Z,4Z,7E)- carboxylic acid 3,7-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-9-(2’,2’,6’-trimethyl-cyclohex-6’-en-r-yl) nona-2,4,7-trienyl esters, i.e. the compound of formula (II).
- the term“hydroxenin monoacetate” encompasses also the other stereoisomers as shown as compound of formula (IIA) in Fig. 2.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a process for the selective acylation of the primary hydroxy group in hydroxenin by reacting the primary hydroxy group with an acylating agent in the presence of a solid base catalyst, whereby the solid base catalyst is a hydrotalcite-like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof (see Fig. 1 and 2).
- organic solvent when hydroxenin is used as starting material, are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons such as e.g. o-/m-/p-xylene and dichloromethane, as well as any mixture thereof.
- Hydroxenin compound of formula (I)
- the present invention is also directed to a process for the manufacture of Vitamin A acetate comprising the following steps: i) C1 -elongating b-ionone to obtain the C14-aldehyde of formula (III);
- Steps i), ii), iii) and v) may be manufactured as e.g. disclosed by W. Bonrath et al. in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2015, 1 -22; or by M.
- Reconstructed r-HT3 is obtained via rehydration of MM03-973 by treatment in deionised water (100 cm 3 per gram of solid) for 6 hours at 298 K under magnetic stirring (500 rpm). The resulting material is collected by filtration, washed with equivalent amounts of ethanol (100 cm3 per gram of solid), and dried under N 2 atmosphere. All solids are stored in a desiccator under reduced pressure.
- Acetylation reactions are carried out in a Radleys Carousel 6+ equipped with 100 cm 3 two-necked round-bottom flasks and reflux cooling.
- the catalyst 250 mg unless otherwise indicated
- acetic anhydride 4.3 mmol, Merck, >98.5%
- 3.3 mmol of hydroxenin in p-xylene 3.3 mmol
- Catalyst recyclability is investigated over five consecutive reaction followed by regeneration at 973 K, the total amount of material is maintained at 250 mg.
- Table 1 reports results with the unactivated hydrotalcites.
- Table 2 reports results with hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxides that are activated at different temperatures.
- Table 3 reports results with different amounts of hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxide catalysts.
- Table 4 reports the results of experiments at different temperatures and Table 5 reports reactions at different reaction times.
- Table 6 reports results reusing the same hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxide catalyst 5 times and then one additional time after the hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxides is regeneration at 973 K (700° C).
- hydroxenin ((2Z, 4Z,7E)-3,7-dimethyl-9- (2’, 2’, 6’ -trimethyl-cyclohex-6’ -en-1’-yl) nona-2,4,7-trien-1 ,6-diol
- the molar ratio of Mg and Al is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) using a Horiba Ultima 2 instrument equipped with photomultiplier tube detection. Prior to analysis, samples are dissolved in 10 wt.% HNO 3 and diluted using decarbonized water.
- ICP OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy
- the pore volume and BET Surface Area are calculated from the nitrogen isotherms which are measured on a Micromeritics TriStar analyser. Prior to analysis, samples are degassed overnight at 423 K (150°C).
- NaX and CsX are basic zeolite catalysts that can purchased or can be prepared according to known literature methods (see for example Applied Catalysis A:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is directed towards a process for the selective acylation of a primary hydroxy group in a compound that may optionally further comprise at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group comprising the step of reacting the compound with an acylating agent in the presence of a solid base catalyst, whereby the solid base catalyst is a hydrotalcite-like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof. The present invention is also directed towards a mixed metal oxide derived by activation of a hydrotalcite-like compound characterized by a BET surface area in the range of from 50 to 300 m2/g and a pore volume in the range of from 0.15 to 0.8 cm3/g, which has been thermally activated in air at a temperature in the range of from 70°C to 1010°C, and which contains magnesium and aluminium with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 10:1, and exchangeable anions such as e.g. CO3
2-, NO3- and OH-, as well as to its manufacture and its use as catalyst for the acylation of primary hydroxy groups, preferably for the acylation of primary hydroxy groups in compounds that may optionally further comprise at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group.
Description
Process for the selective acylation of primary hydroxy groups in the presence of secondary hydroxy groups and catalyst therefor
The present invention is directed towards a process for the selective acylation of a primary hydroxy group in a compound that may optionally further comprise at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group comprising the step of reacting the compound with an acylating agent in the presence of a solid base catalyst, whereby the solid base catalyst is a hyd rota lcite- like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof as defined and described in more detail below.
The present invention is also directed to the catalyst itself as to its manufacture and to its use in acylation reactions. Detailed description
Starting materials
Preferably the compound to be acylated is a primary allylic alcohol that may optionally further comprise at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group. More preferably the compound to be acylated is a primary allylic alcohol of formula (A) that may optionally further comprise at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group, so that a preferred process of the present invention is the acylation of a compound of formula (A) to a compound of formula (B),
comprising the step of reacting the compound of formula (A) with an acylating agent in the presence of a solid base catalyst, whereby the solid base catalyst is a hyd rotalcite- like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof,
whereby one of R1 and R2 is methyl and the other of R1 and R2 is a terpenoid moiety “CH2 + n (C5)”, whereby C5 is an isoprene subunit and n is an integer from 1 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3, and R is a Ci-2o alkyl group, preferably a Ci-6 alkyl group, more preferably R is methyl or ethyl.
Ci-20-alkyl encompasses Ci-2o linear alkyl, as well as C3-20 cyclic alkyl and C3-20 branched alkyl. Ci-6-alkyl encompasses C1-6 linear alkyl, as well as C3-6 cyclic alkyl and C3-6 branched alkyl.
Also, referred to as terpenoids or prenol lipids, isoprenoids are any of a class of organic compounds composed of two or more units of hydrocarbons, with each unit consisting of five carbon atoms arranged in a specific pattern. These compounds are, thus, derived from five-carbon isoprene units and are biosynthesized from a common intermediate known as mevalonic acid, which is itself synthesized from acetyl-Coenzyme A.
The terpenoid moiety“CH2 + n (C5)” is a hydrocarbon residue which may be saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted with 1 -3 oxygen containing groups (alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ether), and which may be linear or contain 1 or more ring systems.
The optimal reaction time is < 24 hours. If secondary and/or tertiary hydroxy groups are present in the compound to be acylated, the content of the undesired by-product, i.e. the diacetates, is preferably < 10%, more preferably < 5%.
This is especially the case if the compound to be acylated is hydroxenin.
“Hydroxenin” is the trivial name for (2Z,4Z,7E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2’,2’,6’-trimethyl- cyclohex-6’-en-1’-yl) nona-2,4,7-trien-1 ,6-diol, i.e. the compound of formula (I). In the context of the present invention the term“hydroxenin”, however,
encompasses also the other stereoisomers as shown as compound of formula (IA) in Fig. 2.
Since mono- and diacetates of hydroxenin are very difficult to separate from each other, whereas unreacted hydroxenin can be separated from the hydroxenin
monoacetate, the process of the present invention is very advantageous especially when carried out on industrial scale.
There had been a need for a process that overcomes these difficulties.
Furthermore, the catalyst should be usable in a fixed bed. This need is fulfilled by the process of the present invention.
Organic solvent
The process of the present invention is preferably carried out in an organic solvent if the compound to be acylated is solid at room temperature, i.e. that it has a melting point above 15 °C.
The process of the present invention can be carried out without an organic solvent, if the compound to be acylated is liquid at room temperature, i.e. that it has a melting point below 15 ° C.
Suitable organic solvents are carbonates, ethers, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and any mixtures thereof, preferably ethers, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and any mixtures thereof.
Examples of preferred carbonates are ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and any mixture thereof such as e.g. commercially available as Jeffsols®, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and butylene carbonate, as well as any mixtures thereof. Since carbonates have a limited stability against strong acids and strong bases, it is necessary to maintain a pH < 9 and > 3 during the reaction, because otherwise the solvent could partly be degraded.
Examples of preferred ethers are symmetric of asymmetric ethers of the formula R3-0-R4 with R3 and R4 being independently from each other Ci- -alkyl or C6-io- aromatic or ethers of formula (V) with m being an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 3 to 5, more preferably from 3 to 4, and dihydrolevoglucosenone (= cyrene™ = compound of formula (VI); see James Sherwood et al., ChemCommun 2014, 50, 9650-9652:“Dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) as a bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents”), as well as any mixtures thereof. The ethers of formula (V) can
further be substituted by one or more alkyl groups, preferably by one or more methyl groups.
Ci-io-alkyl encompasses CMO linear alkyl, as well as C3-10 cyclic alkyl and C3-10 branched alkyl. The alkyl groups are preferably aliphatic, but they may also contain olefinic C=C double bonds. The C6-io-aromatic groups (phenyl, naphthyl etc.) may optionally be substituted with C1-4 alkyl groups, whereby Ci-4-alkyl encompasses Ci-4 linear alkyl, as well as C3-4 cyclic alkyl and C3-4 branched alkyl. Preferably the total amount of carbon atoms in the ethers is 10.
More preferred examples of ethers are tetrahydrofuran (“THF”), 2-methyl-THF, 1 ,4-dioxane, methyl tert- butyl ether (“MTBE”), ethyl tert- butyl ether, methyl tert- amyl ether, methoxycyclopentane, methoxypentane (= tert- pentyl methyl ether, H3C-0-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH3, CAS 994-05-8), cyrene, as well as any mixtures thereof.
Examples of preferred hydrocarbons are aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as any mixture thereof. The aliphatic hydrocarbons are preferably aliphatic linear, branched or cyclic
alkanes. The aromatic hydrocarbons are preferably C6-io aromatic hydrocarbons which may optionally be substituted with alkyl groups, especially with C1-4 alkyl groups.
Examples of preferred halogenated hydrocarbons, whereby chlorinated
hydrocarbons are especially preferred, are aliphatic Ci-4 halogenated hydrocarbons as well as aromatic C6-io halogenated hydrocarbons, whereby aromatic C6 halogenated hydrocarbons are especially preferred, as well as any mixtures thereof. Most preferred examples are methylene chloride, chloroform,
chlorobenzene, 1 ,2-dichlorethane, and any mixture thereof.
For simplifying the work-up the use of a single organic solvent is preferred.
Preferably the amount of the starting material, i.e. the compound to be acylated, in the organic solvent is in the range of from 0.1 to 50 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 1 to 20 weight-%, based on the total weight of the starting material and the solvent.
Catalyst
Hyd rota lcite- like compounds, also known as layered double hydroxides, or anionic clays, have a general formula M(ll)i-xM(lll)x(0H)2*An x/n»mH20 where M(ll) and M(lll) are divalent and trivalent metals, An is an exchangeable anionic species with charge n- such as CO3 2 , NO3 , or Cl , x is the fractional molar amount of M(lll) with respect to M(ll), and m is the stoichiometric amount of water molecules. The name comes from the mineral hydrotalcite having a chemical structure of the formula Mg6Al2(0H).16C03 *4H20 or Al203 *6Mg0*C02* 12H20.
Hyd rota lcite -like compounds can be prepared or can be purchased from suitable suppliers, for example Merck/Sigma-Aldrich, product number 652288. A preferred catalyst is a hydrotalcite-like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof, preferably by thermal activation thereof, preferably a hydrotalcite-like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof comprising magnesium and aluminum and a thermally- removable anionic species, more preferably a hydrotalcite-like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof containing magnesium and aluminium with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 10: 1 , preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 8:1 , more preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5: 1 , most preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 1 : 1 to 4:1 and containing CO3 2 , NO3 , OH as the exchangeable anion.
The molar ratio of Mg and Al is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) using a Horiba Ultima 2 instrument equipped with photomultiplier tube detection. Prior to analysis, samples were dissolved in 10 wt.% HNO3 and diluted using decarbonized water.
A mixed metal oxide that has been thermally activated in air at a temperature in the range of from 70 °C to 1010°C, preferably in the range of from 350 to 1300 K (= 77°C to 1007°C), more preferably in the range of from 300 to 750°C, most preferably in the range of from 600 to 1000 K (327° C to 727° C), is especially preferred.
Most preferred is a mixed metal oxide derived from a hyd rota lcite- like compound that has been thermally activated in air at a temperature in the range of from 70°C to 1010°C, preferably in the range of from 350 to 1300 K (= 77°C to 1007°C), more preferably in the range of from 300 to 750 °C, most preferably in the range of from 600 to 1000 K, and which contains magnesium and aluminium with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5: 1 to 10:1 , preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 8:1 , more preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5:1 , most preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 1 : 1 to 4:1 and containing C03 2 , NO3 , OH as the exchangeable anion.
Preferably the amount of the catalyst is in the range of from 0.1 to 50 weight%, more preferably in the range of from 1 to 30 weight%, most preferably in the range of from 5 to 25 weight%, based on the amount of the compound to be acylated.
An advantage of the catalyst, with the preferences as given above, is that it can be regenerated. By regeneration organic species deposited on the catalyst during the reaction may be removed or the oxide may be reformed if the structure had become partially rehydrated. The regeneration is preferably achieved by thermal treatment in air at a temperature in the range of from 773 to 973 K (500 to 700°C).
Manufacture of the catalyst
Hydrotalcites can be prepared by various methods, commonly by co-precipitation of an aqueous mixture of suitable metal salts, at controlled pH values, for example magnesium and aluminium salts. The metal salts are preferably water soluble and are added to aqueous medium. The mixing of the entire metal salt containing aqueous solution is performed so that the pH is at least 8, preferably above 9.5. In order to maintain the pH of the aqueous metal salt containing solution above 8
alkaline substances such as alkali hydroxide and or alkali carbonate may also be suitably added to the aqueous medium. The temperature conditions for the reaction vary considerably depending on the types of aluminum or magnesium component employed, but normally the range of 0-180° C is preferred. The reaction time also to some extent is a dependent factor on reaction temperature and specific types of starting material, but if starting materials that have good reactivity are chosen, hydrotalcite-like compounds are formed within 10 mins even if the temperature is around 50° C. The pressure is typically ambient or
autogenous. As the hydrotalcite formed is obtained in the form of a precipitate, the product is filtered, washed with water, and thereafter the solid is dried at temperatures of around 65 °C to remove excess water.
Thermal activation /calcination of the hydrotalcite-like compounds in air produces mixed metal oxide catalysts with higher porosity than that of the parent hydrotalcite-like compound. While one may encounter a chemical method for creating activated metal oxides of oxyhydroxides, the thermal method is expected to be the easiest and least expensive method. If the hydrotalcite-like compound is heated to ultra-high temperatures, one may surpass the dehydration temperature at which the activated oxides are produced and can ceramicize or otherwise fuse the oxides into substantially inert substances often with spinel-type structures. Selection of an appropriate dehydration temperature is within the skill or practitioners or the relevant arts. Generally, a dehydration temperature in the range of 400-900°C, often above 500 or 600°C, i.e. in the range of from 500 to 900 °C, especially in the range of from 600 to 900 °C, is preferred.
Other synthesis methods (e.g. ion exchange, hydrothermal synthesis,
reconstruction) are e.g. disclosed by F. Cavani et al. in Catal. Today 1991 , 1 1 , 173- 301 and by J. He et al. in Struct. Bond. 2006, 1 19, 89-1 19. A preferred process for the manufacture of the catalyst is the following one:
A process for the manufacture of a mixed metal oxide derived by activation of a hydrotalcite-like compound comprising the following steps:
(a) Co-precipitation of the corresponding water-soluble metal salts (e.g., nitrate or carbonate), in the desired metal ratios, in a magnetically stirred solution of Na2C03 at a temperature in the range of from 15 to 30°C, preferably at room temperature (298 K = 25 °C), while maintaining a constant pH (> 10); (b) stirring the suspension obtained in step (a), preferably for 6 hours, at a
temperature in the range of from 25°C to 100°C to obtain a solid;
(c) Filtering and washing the solid produced in step (b);
(d) Drying the solid obtained after having performed step (c);
(e) Calcination of the solid from step (d) at a temperature in the range of from 70°C to 1010°C to obtain the mixed metal oxide derived by activation of a hydrotalcite-like compound.
Preferably the metal salts of step (a) are magnesium and aluminum nitrates, and/or the calcination temperature of step (e) is in the range of from 300°C to 650°C, preferably in the range of from 600 (327°C) to 1000 K (627°C)
Characterization of the catalyst
The pore volume of the catalyst is preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 1.0 cm3/g, more preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 0.8 cm3/g.
The BET Surface Area of the catalyst is preferably in the range of from 50 to 300 m2/g, more preferably in the range of from 100 to 200 m2/g.
The pore volume and BET Surface Area are calculated from the nitrogen isotherms which can be measured e.g. on a Micromeritics TriStar analyser. Prior to analysis, samples are degassed overnight at 423 K (150°C). The degassing temperature should not exceed 150°C to avoid unintentional thermal activation of the samples.
Acylating agent
Preferred examples of acylating agents are acid anhydrides and acid halides, whereby acid anhydrides are more preferred, alkanoic acid anhydrides with alkyl being an aliphatic C1-20 alkyl. Alkanoic acid anhydrides with an aliphatic Ci-6 alkyl are even more preferred and most preferred are acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride.
Preferably 0.9 to 2.0 mole equivalent of the acylating agent, more preferably 1 .0 to 1 .5 mole equivalent of the acylating agent, most preferably 1 .2 to 1 .4 mole equivalent of the acylating agent, based on the molar amount of the compound to be acylated, are used.
Reaction conditions
When hydroxenin (compound of formula (l)/(IA)) is the starting material to be acylated, the process according to the present invention is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of from 20 to 90 °C, more preferably at a
temperature in the range of from 30 to 80°C.
Product
Products obtained by the process of the present invention are compounds, where the primary hydroxy group has been acylated, whereby the optionally present secondary and/or tertiary hydroxy group(s) remain(s) unreacted.
If the compound to be acylated is hydroxenin, the process of the present invention results in“hydroxenin monoacetate” which is the trivial name for (2Z,4Z,7E)- carboxylic acid 3,7-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-9-(2’,2’,6’-trimethyl-cyclohex-6’-en-r-yl) nona-2,4,7-trienyl esters, i.e. the compound of formula (II). In the context of the present invention the term“hydroxenin monoacetate”, however, encompasses also the other stereoisomers as shown as compound of formula (IIA) in Fig. 2. Preferred embodiment of the present invention
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a process for the selective acylation of the primary hydroxy group in hydroxenin by reacting the primary hydroxy group with an acylating agent in the presence of a solid base catalyst, whereby the solid base catalyst is a hydrotalcite-like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof (see Fig. 1 and 2).
The preferences given above for the organic solvent, the catalyst, the acylating agent and the reaction conditions also apply here.
Especially preferred as organic solvents, when hydroxenin is used as starting material, are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons such as e.g. o-/m-/p-xylene and dichloromethane, as well as any mixture thereof. Hydroxenin (compound of formula (I)) is an intermediate in the industrial manufacture of Vitamin A acetate. Thus, the present invention is also directed to a process for the manufacture of Vitamin A acetate comprising the following steps: i) C1 -elongating b-ionone to obtain the C14-aldehyde of formula (III);
ii) adding a Grignard reagent to the C14-aldehyde of formula (III) to obtain the diol of formula (IV);
iv) mono-acetylating the hydroxenin of formula (I) to the hydroxenin monoacetate of formula (II) according to the process according to the present invention;
v) eliminating water and isomerizing the resulting compound to obtain vitamin A acetate.
Steps i), ii), iii) and v) may be manufactured as e.g. disclosed by W. Bonrath et al. in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2015, 1 -22; or by M.
Eggersdorfer et al. in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition 2012, 51 (52), 12960-12990:“One Hundred Years of Vitamins - A Success Story of the Natural Sciences.” or by 0. Isler et al. in Helv. Chimica Acta 1947, XXX (VI), 191 1 -1927.
The invention is now further illustrated in the following non-limiting examples.
Examples
Manufacture of the catalysts
Four Mg-Al-C03 hydrotalcites with nominal Mg/Al ratios of x = 1 , 2, 3, and 4 (coded HTx) are synthesized via coprecipitation. A 500 cm3 solution of 0.25-1.0 M
Mg(N03)2-6H20 (Sigma -Aid rich, >98%) and 0.25 M Al(N03)3-9H20 (Sigma-Aldrich, >98%) is slowly added to a magnetically stirred (500 rpm) solution of 600 cm3 of 2 M
Na2C03 (Sigma-Aldrich, >99.5%) at 298 K. The pH is kept constant at ca. 10 through the dropwise addition of a 40 wt.% NaOH solution. The resulting slurry is aged for 6 hours at 333 K under stirring. Finally, the material is filtered and extensively washed with deionised water and dried overnight at 338 K. The corresponding mixed metal oxides are obtained via calcination in static air at 673-1273 K for 6 hours (5 K min-1 ) and are labelled as MMOx-y, where x indicates the Mg/Al ratio and y denotes the activation temperature. Reconstructed r-HT3 is obtained via rehydration of MM03-973 by treatment in deionised water (100 cm3 per gram of solid) for 6 hours at 298 K under magnetic stirring (500 rpm). The resulting material is collected by filtration, washed with equivalent amounts of ethanol (100 cm3 per gram of solid), and dried under N2 atmosphere. All solids are stored in a desiccator under reduced pressure.
Catalytic tests
Acetylation reactions are carried out in a Radleys Carousel 6+ equipped with 100 cm3 two-necked round-bottom flasks and reflux cooling. In a typical experiment, the catalyst (250 mg unless otherwise indicated), acetic anhydride (4.3 mmol, Merck, >98.5%), and 3.3 mmol of hydroxenin in p-xylene (Acros, >99%) are reacted in a total volume of 10 cm3 at T = 303-363 K at ambient pressure. Catalyst
recyclability is investigated over five consecutive reaction followed by regeneration at 973 K, the total amount of material is maintained at 250 mg. Samples are analysed using an Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC equipped with an Agilent Zorbax C18 column and both DAD and RID detectors. The concentrations of substrates and products are calibrated with reference to pure standards. The conversion of hydroxenin is calculated as the number of moles reacted divided by initial amount.
The results are shown in the following Tables 1 -6. Table 1 reports results with the unactivated hydrotalcites.
Table 2 reports results with hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxides that are activated at different temperatures.
Table 3 reports results with different amounts of hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxide catalysts.
Table 4 reports the results of experiments at different temperatures and Table 5 reports reactions at different reaction times.
Table 6 reports results reusing the same hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxide catalyst 5 times and then one additional time after the hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxides is regeneration at 973 K (700° C).
In all examples (according to the present invention and comparison examples), hydroxenin ((2Z, 4Z,7E)-3,7-dimethyl-9- (2’, 2’, 6’ -trimethyl-cyclohex-6’ -en-1’-yl) nona-2,4,7-trien-1 ,6-diol), the compound of formula (I), is used as substrate. The monoacetate product is the compound of formula (II) with R = methyl.
Table 1
Reaction conditions: 303 K, 250 mg of catalyst, 3.3 mmol of hydroxenin, 10 ml of p- xylene, 4.3 mmol of acetic anhydride, 6 hours
Table 2
Reaction conditions: 303 K, 250 mg of catalyst, 3.3 mmol of hydroxenin, 10 ml of p- xylene, 4.3 mmol of acetic anhydride, 6 hours
Table 3
p-xylene, 4.3 mmol of acetic anhydride, 6 hours
Table 4
Reaction conditions: 250 mg of catalyst MM03-973, 3.3 mmol of hydroxenin, 10 ml of p-xylene, 4.3 mmol of acetic anhydride, 6 hours
Table 5
Reaction conditions: 323 K, 250 mg of catalyst MM03-973, 3.3 mmol of hydroxenin, 10 ml of p-xylene, 4.3 mmol of acetic anhydride
Table 6
Reaction conditions: 323 K, 500 mg of catalyst MM03-973, 6.6 mmol of hydroxenin, 20 ml of p-xylene, 8.6 mmol of acetic anhydride
Characterization of the catalyst
The specific parameters of the catalysts are shown in the following Table 7.
The molar ratio of Mg and Al is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) using a Horiba Ultima 2 instrument equipped with photomultiplier tube detection. Prior to analysis, samples are dissolved in 10 wt.% HNO3 and diluted using decarbonized water.
The pore volume and BET Surface Area are calculated from the nitrogen isotherms which are measured on a Micromeritics TriStar analyser. Prior to analysis, samples are degassed overnight at 423 K (150°C).
Table 7
Catalysts not according to the present invention
3.3 mmol of hydroxenin are being reacted with 4.3 mmol acetic anhydride in 10 ml of p-xylene at 30° C for 6 hours in the presence of 250 mg of the catalyst as shown in Table 8. The results are shown in Table 8.
NaX and CsX are basic zeolite catalysts that can purchased or can be prepared according to known literature methods (see for example Applied Catalysis A:
General, 1998, vol 167, p. 271 -276).
Table 8
3.3 mmol of hydroxenin are reacting with 4.3 mmol acetic anhydride in 10 ml of p- xylene at 30°C for 4 hours in the presence of 2.6 mmol of pyridine (= catalyst). The results are shown in Table 9. Table 9
Claims
1 . A process for the selective acylation of a primary hydroxy group in a compound that may optionally further comprise at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group comprising the step of reacting the compound with an acylating agent in the presence of a solid base catalyst, whereby the solid base catalyst is a hyd rota lcite- like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof.
2. The process according to claim 1 , whereby the compound comprising the
primary hydroxy group and optionally at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group is a primary allylic alcohol.
3. The process according to claim 2, whereby the primary allylic alcohol is a
compound of formula (A),
whereby one of R1 and R2 is methyl and the other of R1 and R2 is a terpenoid moiety“CH2 + n (C5)”, whereby C5 is an isoprene subunit and n is an integer from 1 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3, and R is a C1-20 alkyl group, preferably a Ci- 6 alkyl group, more preferably R is methyl or ethyl, whereby the terpenoid moiety“CH2 + n (C5)” is a hydrocarbon residue which may be saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted with 1 -3 oxygen containing groups (alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ether), and which may be linear or contain 1 or more ring systems.
4. The process according to claim 1 and/or 2, whereby the compound comprising the primary hydroxy group further comprises a secondary hydroxy group.
5. The process according to claim 4, whereby the compound comprising the primary hydroxy group and a secondary hydroxy group is 3,7-dimethyl-9- (2’,2’,6’-trimethyl-cyclohex-6’-en-1’-yl) nona-2,4,7-trien-1 ,6-diol.
6. The process according to claim 5, whereby the process is carried out at a
temperature in the range of from 20 to 90° C, preferably at a temperature in the range of from 30 to 80° C.
7. The process according to any of the preceding claims, whereby the acylating agent is an alkanoic acid anhydride or an acyl halide, whereby the acyl halide is preferably an acyl chloride and/or an acyl bromide.
8. The process according to any of the preceding claims, whereby the mixed
metal oxide derived by activation of the hyd rota lcite- like compound comprises magnesium and aluminum.
9. The process according to claim 8, whereby the Mg/Al ratio in said mixed metal oxide comprising magnesium and aluminum is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 10:1 , preferably it is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 8: 1 , more preferably it is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5:1 , most preferably it is in the range of from 1 :1 to 4: 1 .
10. A process for the selective acylation of the primary hydroxy group in 3,7- dimethyl-9-(2’,2’,6’-trimethyl-cyclohex-6’-en-1’-yl) nona-2,4,7-trien-1 ,6-diol by reacting 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2’,2’,6’-trimethyl-cyclohex-6’-en-r-yl) nona-2,4,7- trien-1 ,6-diol with an acylating agent in the presence of a solid base catalyst, whereby the solid base catalyst is a hyd rota lcite -like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof.
1 1 . The process according to any one or more of the preceding claims, whereby the catalyst can be regenerated, preferably by thermal treatment in air at a temperature in the range of from 500 to 700°C.
12. A process for the manufacture of Vitamin A acetate comprising the following steps:
vi) C1 -elongating b-ionone to obtain the C14-aldehyde of formula (III);
vii) adding a Grignard reagent to the C14-aldehyde of formula (III) to obtain the diol of formula (IV);
ix) mono-acetylating the hydroxenin of formula (I) to the hydroxenin monoacetate of formula (II) according to the process according to any one or more of claims 5 to 11 ;
x) eliminating water and isomerizing the resulting compound to obtain vitamin A acetate.
13. A mixed metal oxide derived by activation of a hyd rota lcite- like compound in air at a temperature in the range of from 70°C to 1010°C, characterized by a BET surface area in the range of from 50 to 300 m2/g and a pore volume in the range of from 0.15 to 0.8 cm3/g, and which contains magnesium and aluminium with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 10:1 , preferably with a Mg/Al
ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 8:1 , more preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 0.5: 1 to 5:1 , most preferably with a Mg/Al ratio in the range of from 1 : 1 to 4:1 and C03 2 , NO3 , OH as exchangeable anions.
14. A process for the manufacture of a mixed metal oxide derived by activation of a hydrotalcite-like compound comprising the following steps:
(a) Co-precipitation of the corresponding water-soluble metal salts in the
desired metal ratios, in a magnetically stirred solution of Na2C03 at a temperature in the range of from 15 to 30° C while maintaining a constant pH (> 10);
(b) stirring the suspension obtained in step (a) at a temperature in the range of from 25 °C to 100°C to obtain a solid;
(c) Filtering and washing the solid produced in step (b);
(d) Drying the solid obtained after having performed step (c);
(e) Calcination of the solid from step (d) at a temperature in the range of from 70°C to 1010°C to obtain the mixed metal oxide derived by activation of a hydrotalcite-like compound.
15. The process according to claim 14, where the metal salts of step (a) are magnesium and aluminum nitrates, and/or the calcination temperature of step (e) is in the range of from 300°C to 650°C, preferably in the range of from 600 (327°C) to 1000 K (627° C)
16. The mixed metal oxide derived by activation of a hydrotalcite-like compound as obtained according to the process according to any one or more of claims 14 to 15.
17. Use of a hydrotalcite-like compound or a mixed metal oxide derived by activation thereof, preferably according to claim 13 or claim 16, as catalyst for the acylation of primary hydroxy groups, preferably for the acylation of primary hydroxy groups in compounds that may optionally further comprise at least one secondary hydroxy group and/or one tertiary hydroxy group.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201980043856.8A CN112368258B (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Method for selectively acylating primary hydroxyl groups in the presence of secondary hydroxyl groups and catalysts therefor |
CN202310263459.XA CN116440889A (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Method for selectively acylating primary hydroxyl groups in the presence of secondary hydroxyl groups and catalysts therefor |
EP19734409.6A EP3818037A1 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Process for the selective acylation of primary hydroxy groups in the presence of secondary hydroxy groups and catalyst therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18181256.1 | 2018-07-02 | ||
EP18181256 | 2018-07-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020007856A1 true WO2020007856A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
Family
ID=62975846
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2019/067727 WO2020007856A1 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Process for the selective acylation of primary hydroxy groups in the presence of secondary hydroxy groups and catalyst therefor |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3818037A1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN112368258B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020007856A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2723942B1 (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1996-09-27 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | PROCESS FOR ACYLATION OF AROMATIC ETHERS |
FR2788269B1 (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2001-02-09 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A BENZYL ETHER |
US6215009B1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2001-04-10 | Roche Vitamins Inc. | Manufacture of cycloalkenylpolyene esters |
CN1946706B (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2012-03-21 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | Process for the manufacture of tocopheryl acylates |
WO2008077543A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-03 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Process for the acylation of organic hydroxy compounds |
DE102014209536A1 (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-11-26 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Production of high-quality oxo alcohols from unstable raw material sources |
-
2019
- 2019-07-02 WO PCT/EP2019/067727 patent/WO2020007856A1/en unknown
- 2019-07-02 CN CN201980043856.8A patent/CN112368258B/en active Active
- 2019-07-02 CN CN202310263459.XA patent/CN116440889A/en active Pending
- 2019-07-02 EP EP19734409.6A patent/EP3818037A1/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (10)
Title |
---|
0. ISLER ET AL., HELV. CHIMICA ACTA, vol. XXX, no. VI, 1947, pages 1911 - 1927 |
A. R. MASSAH ET AL: "Hydrotalcite as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Acylation of Phenols, Amines and Thiols Under Solvent-free Conditions", E-JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, vol. 9, no. 4, 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), IN, pages 2501 - 2508, XP055618645, ISSN: 0973-4945, DOI: 10.1155/2012/872509 * |
APPLIED CATALYSIS A: GENERAL, vol. 167, 1998, pages 271 - 276 |
F. CAVANI ET AL., CATAL. TODAY, vol. 11, 1991, pages 173 - 301 |
FULGENTIUS LUGEMWA ET AL: "Facile and Efficient Acetylation of Primary Alcohols and Phenols with Acetic Anhydride Catalyzed by Dried Sodium Bicarbonate", CATALYSTS, vol. 3, no. 4, 3 December 2013 (2013-12-03), pages 954 - 965, XP055618819, DOI: 10.3390/catal3040954 * |
J. HE ET AL., STRUCT. BOND., vol. 119, 2006, pages 89 - 119 |
JAMES SHERWOOD ET AL.: "Dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) as a bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents", CHEMCOMMUN, vol. 50, 2014, pages 9650 - 9652 |
M. EGGERSDORFER ET AL.: "One Hundred Years of Vitamins - A Success Story of the Natural Sciences", ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, INTERNATIONAL EDITION, vol. 51, no. 52, 2012, pages 12960 - 12990 |
PUSHPALETHA P ET AL: "Modified attapulgite: An efficient solid acid catalyst for acetylation of alcohols using acetic acid", APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 51, no. 4, 29 December 2010 (2010-12-29), pages 424 - 430, XP028183300, ISSN: 0169-1317, [retrieved on 20110108], DOI: 10.1016/J.CLAY.2010.12.033 * |
W. BONRATH ET AL.: "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 2015, pages: 1 - 22 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3818037A1 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
CN112368258B (en) | 2023-10-27 |
CN116440889A (en) | 2023-07-18 |
CN112368258A (en) | 2021-02-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Kozhevnikov | Catalysis by heteropoly acids and multicomponent polyoxometalates in liquid-phase reactions | |
US9416067B2 (en) | Catalyst useful in fisher-tropsch synthesis | |
Zhu et al. | Selective Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes over Zr-zeolite beta | |
US9713804B2 (en) | Catalyst composition for the dehydrogenation of alkanes | |
EA023714B1 (en) | Zinc and manganese aluminate catalyst useful for alkane dehdyrogenation | |
Jiménez-Sanchidrián et al. | Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with hydrogen peroxide/benzonitrile over hydrotalcites as catalysts | |
MX2015000225A (en) | Catalyst for the production of higher alcohols. | |
US20170283352A1 (en) | Method for producing an aroma substance | |
Abelló et al. | Aldol condensation of campholenic aldehyde and MEK over activated hydrotalcites | |
Gu et al. | Styrene epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide over calcium oxide catalysts prepared from various precursors | |
Feng et al. | Zn 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylate as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO 2 | |
Cheng et al. | Highly efficient Cu (ii)-pyrazoledicarboxylate heterogeneous catalysts for a base-free aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohol to benzaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant | |
EP3818037A1 (en) | Process for the selective acylation of primary hydroxy groups in the presence of secondary hydroxy groups and catalyst therefor | |
CN1108867C (en) | MeAPSO-17 molecular sieve and its synthesizing method | |
EP0515636A1 (en) | Process for the preparation of glycol ethers | |
Wang et al. | The effect of K 2 HPO 4 and Al 2 (SO 4) 3 modified MCM-41 on the dehydration of methyl lactate to acrylic acid | |
Wu et al. | Synthesis of dimethyl adipate from cyclopentanone and dimethyl carbonate over solid base catalysts | |
Hoyos-Castaño et al. | Mixed oxides of hydrotalcites as catalysts for nopol epoxidation | |
CN107001215B (en) | Catalytic oxidation of 3-butene-1, 2-diol (BDO) | |
JP5342887B2 (en) | Method for producing α-aminoketone compound | |
CN104925808B (en) | The method of hydrogen in removal of carbon monoxide gaseous mixture | |
JP7196090B2 (en) | Beta-type zeolite, method for producing the same, and catalyst | |
EP3553045A1 (en) | Process and catalysts to produce methacrylic acid monomer from biomass-derived carboxylic acids | |
JP2015203010A (en) | Method for producing carboxylic acid compound | |
JP4041897B2 (en) | Process for producing aliphatic saturated carboxylic acid |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19734409 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2019734409 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20210202 |