WO2020006973A1 - 一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2020006973A1
WO2020006973A1 PCT/CN2018/118084 CN2018118084W WO2020006973A1 WO 2020006973 A1 WO2020006973 A1 WO 2020006973A1 CN 2018118084 W CN2018118084 W CN 2018118084W WO 2020006973 A1 WO2020006973 A1 WO 2020006973A1
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hydraulic fracturing
reservoir
shock
fracturing
high static
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French (fr)
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刘毅
刘思维
李志远
李化
林福昌
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

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  • the invention belongs to the field of oil and gas production, and more particularly, relates to a method and a device for reforming the physical properties of a reservoir by a composite pulse shock wave and hydraulic fracturing.
  • Hydroelectric pulse shocks use purely physical means to release the perforation blockage, increase the permeability of nearby rock formations, and then increase oil and gas production.
  • Shock waves act on rock formations equivalent to the application of dynamic loads, which are more likely to form dispersive micro-fractures and improve the overall permeability of rock formations. It has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, simple technology, and high economy.
  • the disadvantages are that the shock wave propagates and decays rapidly in the rock formation, and the action distance is limited. Therefore, in the process of oil and gas well production, it is necessary to have efficient and environmentally-friendly technical means to remove the blockage of oil fields, improve the permeability of rock formations, and increase oil and gas production.
  • the present invention supplements the hydraulic fracturing technology by using the hydraulic pulse shock, and induces more micro-fractures around the main fracture formed by the hydraulic fracturing, and achieves better connection with the natural fractures of the rock formation.
  • Effectively constructing multi-scale reservoir seepage networks such as hydraulic fractures-natural fractures-microfractures, which has the characteristics of large working distance and improving the overall permeability of nearby reservoirs, and significantly improves the production of oil wells.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reforming a reservoir property with a composite pulse shock wave and hydraulic fracturing, and the method for reforming the property property of the reservoir includes:
  • Repetitive frequency shock waves are generated in high static pressure liquids, which shock waves radiate outward to produce pulsed shock fracturing.
  • the hydraulic fracturing is used to form a main fracture
  • the pulse shock fracturing is used to induce microfractures near the main fracture.
  • the high static pressure liquid acts on the reservoir, and the repetitive frequency shock waves act on a horizontal well.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a reservoir physical property reforming device for composite pulse shock and hydraulic fracturing.
  • the reservoir physical property reforming device includes a coiled tubing, a jet device, and a pulse shock wave emission Device
  • the coiled tubing is used to inject a high hydrostatic liquid until its internal pressure reaches a hydrostatic pressure threshold and keep the internal pressure constant;
  • the spraying device is connected to the end of the coiled tubing, and is configured to continuously spray a high hydrostatic liquid outward to generate hydraulic fracturing after the internal pressure of the coiled tubing reaches a hydrostatic pressure threshold;
  • the pulse shock wave transmitter is wrapped in the spraying device, and is used to generate a repetitive frequency shock wave in a high static pressure liquid, and the shock wave is radiated outward to generate a pulse shock fracture.
  • the hydraulic fracturing is used to form a main fracture
  • the pulse shock fracturing is used to induce microfractures near the main fracture.
  • the high static pressure liquid acts on a reservoir
  • the shock wave acts on a horizontal well.
  • the present invention combines hydraulic and electric shock with hydraulic fracturing. Based on the idea of composite fracturing, a device that can perform hydraulic fracturing and shock at the same time is proposed. Realize downhole composite fracturing, which has the advantages of wide operating range, strong controllability, and significantly improving the overall permeability of nearby reservoirs;
  • the present invention induces more micro-fractures around the main fractures formed by hydraulic fracturing, and achieves better connection with the natural fractures of the rock formation, effectively constructing multi-scale reservoirs such as hydraulic fractures-natural fractures-micro fractures.
  • the seepage network can significantly increase the production of oil wells.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reservoir physical property reforming device of composite pulse shock wave and hydraulic fracturing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse shock wave transmitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite pulse shock wave and hydraulic fracturing loading provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of fracture seepage after the composite pulse shock wave and hydraulic fracturing transformation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reservoir physical property reforming device of composite pulse shock wave and hydraulic fracturing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device includes a work vehicle 100, a coiled tubing 200, an electric cable 300, a pulse shock wave transmitter 400, a sand blaster 500, and a packer 600.
  • the operation vehicle 100 sets electrical parameters and mechanical parameters according to geological conditions and operation requirements, and is used to provide power and control of high-pressure liquid, sand filler, and shock wave transmitter to the underground.
  • the coiled tubing 200 is used as a transmission carrier for continuously ejecting a high static pressure liquid through an injection device and acting on a perforation section of an oil well, thereby inducing a major fracture in the reservoir.
  • the bottom of the coiled tubing 200 is connected to an injection device.
  • the perforation section of an oil well corresponds to the area where the oil is actually extracted, that is, the position where the device operates.
  • an electrical cable 300 inside the coiled tubing 200.
  • the function of the electrical cable 300 is to transmit electrical energy, control signals, and feedback operating status information to the shock wave transmitter.
  • a separate logging cable arranged inside the coiled tubing or a coiled tubing with a conductor can be used.
  • the pulse shock wave transmitter 400 is transported to the working reservoir, wrapped in a spray device, and generates repetitive frequency shock waves in a high static pressure liquid, and implements the cooperative operation of dynamic shock waves and hydraulic fracturing.
  • Sand blaster 500 is used to spray sand filler into cracks to prevent cracks from closing.
  • the packer 600 is used to seal the static high pressure inside the coiled tubing 200, the pulse shock wave transmitter 400 and the sand blaster 500, so that the scope of the shock wave is concentrated in the reservoir section in the packer, and the shock wave transmitter is separated. Segment operation.
  • the triangles in Figure 1 represent the main fractures formed by hydraulic fracturing, and the surroundings are micro-fractures generated by hydroelectric pulse shock transmitters.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse shock wave transmitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pulse shock wave transmitter 400 is composed of a boosting unit 401, an energy storage unit 402, a pulse compression unit 403, and a pulse shock discharge unit 404.
  • the outer diameter is 102mm, and the diameter of the bottom of the coiled tubing 200 injection device is 110mm.
  • the pulse shock wave transmitter 400 can be completely enclosed and coaxially distributed, which is conducive to the joint operation of the oil well perforation section.
  • the specific operation process of oil well stimulation based on the synergy of pulse shock and hydraulic fracturing is: setting the electrical parameters and mechanical parameters of the working vehicle 100; increasing the injection pressure of the oil well by continuously injecting liquid water into the coiled tubing 200. The internal pressure of 200 reaches the set value, keeping the static liquid pressure constant.
  • the coiled tubing injection device operates in the perforation section, which induces the formation of large cracks in the rock formation.
  • the booster unit 401 realizes rectified boosting through the electrical cable 300, and then The energy storage unit 402 is charged. After the energy storage unit 402 reaches the set value, the pulse compression unit 403 is turned on, and the energy of the energy storage unit 402 is instantaneously input to the pulse shock discharge unit 404.
  • the pulse discharge unit 404 may A strong shock wave is generated in the weakly compressible discharge liquid, and it propagates outward along the coiled tubing's injection device to perform the hydroelectric pulse shock operation.
  • the process of generating a strong shock wave in a weakly compressive discharge liquid by a pulsed large current is: generating a high-power arc discharge in the liquid, using the liquid's incompressibility to radiate a strong shock wave, including direct gap discharge forms and wire burst forms As well as electrically driven explosive gas forms.
  • the principle of the cooperative operation of the dynamic shock and static hydraulic pressure of the device is that when the hydrostatic pressure of the hydraulic fracturing produced by the coiled tubing acts on the reservoir, the static load is approximately applied, and it is easy to form a main fracture in the reservoir and develop forward. Its characteristic is that the action distance is long, but generally only the main fracture is formed; and the dynamic shock generated by the pulse shock transmitter can complement the hydraulic fracturing technology, and induce more micro-fractures around the main fracture formed by the hydraulic fracturing. And to achieve better connection with the natural fractures of the rock formation, suitable for horizontal wells running through the reservoir. Once the artificial fractures communicate with the macroscopic and microscopic fractures of the rock formation itself, an interlaced fracture network can be formed, and a reasonable modification of the reservoir fracture network can significantly increase the production of the oil well.
  • a method for reforming reservoir properties with composite pulse shock and hydraulic fracturing includes:
  • Repetitive frequency shocks are generated in high static pressure fluids, which radiate outwards to produce pulsed shock fracturing.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite pulse shock wave and hydraulic fracturing loading provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the composite pulse shock and hydraulic fracturing loading waveforms are actually superimposed shock waves with a certain frequency on the basis of hydrostatic pressure, which is beneficial to the transformation effect of the rock formation.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of fracture seepage after the composite pulse shock wave and hydraulic fracturing transformation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the composite pulse shock and hydraulic fracturing technology induce more micro-fractures around the main fracture, and achieve better connection with the natural fractures of the rock formation, effectively constructing hydraulic fractures-natural fractures-micro-fractures, etc.
  • Multi-scale reservoir seepage network has the characteristics of larger working distance and improved overall permeability of nearby reservoirs, which can significantly increase the production of oil wells.

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Abstract

一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂储层物性的改造装置，其包括连续油管（200）、喷射装置和脉冲激波发射器（400），连续油管（200）用于注入高静压液体直至其内部压力达到静水压阈值，并保持所述内部压力不变；喷射装置与所述连续油管（200）末端连接，用于在所述连续油管（200）内部压力达到静水压阈值后，持续向外喷射高静压液体以产生水力压裂；脉冲激波发射器（400）包裹在所述喷射装置内，用于在高静压液体中产生重复频率激波，所述激波向外辐射以产生脉冲激波压裂。还公开一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂储层物性的改造方法。本改造装置和方法通过液电脉冲激波与水力压裂复合，在水力压裂形成的主裂缝周围诱导更多的微裂缝，并与岩层的天然裂缝实现更好的连接，有效构建水力裂缝-天然裂缝-微裂缝等多尺度的储层渗流网络，可显著提高油井的产量。

Description

一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造方法及装置 【技术领域】
本发明属于油气开采领域，更具体地，涉及一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造方法及装置。
【背景技术】
油气开采过程，由于油气持续高产稳产的指标，因此需要及时清理管道射孔处由于溶性盐类沉积、原油粘度增大等原因形成的堵塞物，有效地清除渗油通道的污物，增加油井的渗透率，恢复油井的油气产量。低渗透油气资源作为我国新增石油探测储量的重要组成部分，其油藏储层以细-微细喉道为主，孔喉细小，储层致密，物性差，面临储层发育复杂、开发难度大、效益差等一系列问题。
传统水力压裂已作为超低渗油藏储层改造的常规手段，当静水压作用于储层时，近似施加静态荷载，易在储层中形成主裂缝向前发展。但是水力压裂一般只形成大、远的主裂缝，作用范围远，但是形成的微裂缝较少，难以整体提高岩层渗透性。非常规物理振动采油与压裂相结合技术、化学驱油技术、微生物采油技术、超前注水和气驱采油技术等获得应用，并取得一定效果，但由于效率低、作用范围小等存在局限性。
液电脉冲激波以纯物理手段解除射孔堵塞，提高附近岩层的渗透率，进而提高油气产量。激波对岩层作用相当于施加动态荷载，更易形成分散性的微裂缝，提高岩层整体渗透性。具有环境友好、工艺简单、经济性高等特点，其不足之处在于激波在岩层中传播衰减较快，作用距离有限。因此，在油气井开采过程中，需要有高效、环保的技术手段解除油田堵塞，改善岩层的渗透性，提高油气产量。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的缺陷，本发明利用液电脉冲激波对水力压裂技术构成补充，在水力压裂形成的主裂缝周围诱导更多的微裂缝，并与岩层的天然裂缝实现更好的连接，有效构建水力裂缝-天然裂缝-微裂缝等多尺度的储层渗流网络，具有较大的作业距离与提高附近储层整体渗透率的特点，显著提高油井的产量。
为实现上述目的，第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造方法，所述储层物性改造方法包括；
向连续油管内注入高静压液体直至其内部压力达到静水压阈值；
保持连续油管内部压力不变，持续向外喷射高静压液体以产生水力压裂；
在高静压液体中产生重复频率激波，所述激波向外辐射以产生脉冲激波压裂。
具体地，所述水力压裂用于形成主裂缝，所述脉冲激波压裂用于在主裂缝附近诱导微裂缝。
具体地，所述高静压液体作用于储层，所述重复频率激波作用于水平井。
为实现上述目的，第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造装置，所述储层物性改造装置包括连续油管、喷射装置和脉冲激波发射器；
所述连续油管用于注入高静压液体直至其内部压力达到静水压阈值，并保持所述内部压力不变；
所述喷射装置与所述连续油管末端连接，用于在所述连续油管内部压力达到静水压阈值后，持续向外喷射高静压液体以产生水力压裂；
所述脉冲激波发射器包裹在所述喷射装置内，用于在高静压液体中产 生重复频率激波，所述激波向外辐射以产生脉冲激波压裂。
具体地，所述水力压裂用于形成主裂缝，所述脉冲激波压裂用于在主裂缝附近诱导微裂缝。
具体地，所述高静压液体作用于储层，所述激波作用于水平井。
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明通过液电脉冲激波与水力压裂相复合，基于复合压裂的思想，提出了可同时进行水力压裂和激波作用的装置，通过喷射装置和脉冲激波发射器来实现井下复合压裂，具有作业范围广、可控性强、明显提高附近储层整体渗透率优点；
(2)本发明通过在水力压裂形成的主裂缝周围诱导更多的微裂缝，并与岩层的天然裂缝实现更好的连接，有效构建水力裂缝-天然裂缝-微裂缝等多尺度的储层渗流网络，可显著提高油井的产量。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造装置的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例提供的脉冲激波发射器的结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例提供的复合脉冲激波和水力压裂加载示意图。
图4为本发明实施例提供的复合脉冲激波和水力压裂改造后的裂缝渗流示意图。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造装置的结构示意图。如图1所示，该装置包括：作业车100、连续油管200、电气电缆300、脉冲激波发射器400、喷砂器500、封隔器600。
作业车100根据地质条件、作业要求设置电气参数及力学参数，用于向井下提供高压强的液体、砂填充剂、激波发射器的供电及控制。
连续油管200作为传输载体，用于将高静压力液体通过喷射装置持续向外喷射作用于油井射孔段，从而诱导储油层形成主裂缝。连续油管200的底部连接喷射装置。油井射孔段对应于实际开采石油的区域，即本装置作用的位置。
连续油管200内部存在电气电缆300，电气电缆300的功能为激波发射器输送电能、控制信号及反馈运行状态信息，可采用布置于连续油管内部的单独测井电缆，或带导体的连续油管内部芯线形式。电气电缆300内有4根芯线，其中2根芯线作为脉冲激波发射器400的高压线，另外两根导体作为信号传输线，用于定位装置位置。
脉冲激波发射器400被输运到作业储油层，包裹在喷射装置内，在高静压的液体中产生重复频率激波，实施动态激波与水力压裂的协同作业。
喷砂器500用于向裂缝内喷射砂填充剂，防止裂缝闭合。
封隔器600用于将连续油管200内部的静态高压、脉冲激波发射器400及喷砂器500密闭，使得激波作用范围集中在封隔器内的储层段，保证激波发射器分段作业。
图1中三角形表示水力压裂形成的主裂缝，其周围是通过液电脉冲激波发射器产生是微裂缝。
图2为本发明实施例提供的脉冲激波发射器的结构示意图。如图2所示，脉冲激波发射器400由升压单元401、储能单元402、脉冲压缩单元403及脉冲激波放电单元404组成。外径为102mm，连续油管200喷射装置的底部直径为110mm，可完全将脉冲激波发射器400密闭其中，并同轴分布， 利于两者的共同作业油井射孔段。
基于脉冲激波与水力压裂协同的油井增产的具体操作过程为：作业车100设定电气参数及力学参数；通过向连续油管200不断注入液体水实现对油井的增压增注，一旦连续油管200的内部压力达到设定值，保持此静态液体压力不变，连续油管的喷射装置作业于射孔段，诱导岩层形成大的裂缝；升压单元401通过电气电缆300实现整流升压，然后对储能单元402充电，储能单元402达到设定值后，脉冲压缩单元403导通，将储能单元402的能量瞬间输入到脉冲激波放电单元404；脉冲放电单元404可通过脉冲大电流在弱压缩性的放电液体内产生强力激波，并沿着连续油管的喷射装置向外传播，进行液电脉冲激波作业。
脉冲大电流在弱压缩性的放电液体内产生强力激波的过程为：在液体中产生高功率的电弧放电，利用液体的不可压缩性辐射强烈激波，包括直接间隙放电形式、金属丝爆形式以及电驱动爆生气体形式。
该装置的动态激波与静态水力压力协同作业的原理为：连续油管产生的水力压裂的静水压作用于储层时，近似施加静态荷载，易在储层中形成主裂缝向前发展，其特点是作用距离远，但一般只形成主裂缝；而脉冲激波发射器产生的动态激波可对水力压裂技术构成补充，在水力压裂形成的主裂缝周围诱导更多的微裂缝，并与岩层的天然裂缝实现更好的连接，适用于在储层中穿行的水平井。人工裂缝一旦与岩层自身的宏观、微观裂缝沟通后，可形成交织的缝网，合理改造储层缝网可显著提高油井的产量。
一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造方法，所述储层物性改造方法包括；
向连续油管内注入高静压液体直至其内部压力达到静水压阈值；
保持连续油管内部压力不变，持续向外喷射高静压液体以产生水力压裂；
在高静压液体中产生重复频率激波，所述激波向外辐射以产生脉冲激 波压裂。
图3为本发明实施例提供的复合脉冲激波和水力压裂加载示意图。如图3所示，复合脉冲激波和水力压裂加载波形实际上是在静水压的基础上叠加一定频率的激波脉动，有利于对岩层的改造效果。
图4为本发明实施例提供的复合脉冲激波和水力压裂改造后的裂缝渗流示意图。如图4所示，复合脉冲激波和水力压裂改造技术在主裂缝周围诱导更多的微裂缝，并与岩层的天然裂缝实现更好的连接，有效构建水力裂缝-天然裂缝-微裂缝等多尺度的储层渗流网络，具有较大的作业距离与提高附近储层整体渗透率的特点，可显著提高油井的产量。
以上，仅为本申请较佳的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造方法，其特征在于，所述储层物性改造方法包括；
    向连续油管内注入高静压液体直至其内部压力达到静水压阈值；
    保持连续油管内部压力不变，持续向外喷射高静压液体以产生水力压裂；
    在高静压液体中产生重复频率激波，所述激波向外辐射以产生脉冲激波压裂。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的储层物性改造方法，其特征在于，所述水力压裂用于形成主裂缝，所述脉冲激波压裂用于在主裂缝附近诱导微裂缝。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的储层物性改造方法，其特征在于，所述高静压液体作用于储层，所述重复频率激波作用于水平井。
  4. 一种复合脉冲激波和水力压裂的储层物性改造装置，其特征在于，所述储层物性改造装置包括连续油管、喷射装置和脉冲激波发射器；
    所述连续油管用于注入高静压液体直至其内部压力达到静水压阈值，并保持所述内部压力不变；
    所述喷射装置与所述连续油管末端连接，用于在所述连续油管内部压力达到静水压阈值后，持续向外喷射高静压液体以产生水力压裂；
    所述脉冲激波发射器包裹在所述喷射装置内，用于在高静压液体中产生重复频率激波，所述激波向外辐射以产生脉冲激波压裂。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的储层物性改造装置，其特征在于，所述水力压裂用于形成主裂缝，所述脉冲激波压裂用于在主裂缝附近诱导微裂缝。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的储层物性改造装置，其特征在于，所述高静压液体作用于储层，所述激波作用于水平井。
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