WO2020006723A1 - 一种基于动态量测离心力的结构角加速度测量装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种基于动态量测离心力的结构角加速度测量装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2020006723A1
WO2020006723A1 PCT/CN2018/094587 CN2018094587W WO2020006723A1 WO 2020006723 A1 WO2020006723 A1 WO 2020006723A1 CN 2018094587 W CN2018094587 W CN 2018094587W WO 2020006723 A1 WO2020006723 A1 WO 2020006723A1
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solid ball
block
centrifugal force
angular acceleration
strain
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French (fr)
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李建波
杨凯
肖诗云
梅润雨
胡志强
周磊
刘俊
李志远
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/16—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by evaluating the time-derivative of a measured speed signal
    • G01P15/165—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by evaluating the time-derivative of a measured speed signal for measuring angular accelerations

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of dynamic torsional deformation measurement of engineering structures, and relates to a structural angular acceleration measuring device and method based on dynamic measurement of centrifugal force, which is suitable for dynamically monitoring the transient state of torsional dynamic response of civil engineering structures under the action of earthquakes, blasts and wind loads.
  • Angular acceleration is suitable for dynamically monitoring the transient state of torsional dynamic response of civil engineering structures under the action of earthquakes, blasts and wind loads.
  • the torsion angle is a relative measurement value relative to the torsion center, it is affected by factors such as changing external loads and possible changes in the structural stiffness center, which has led to the current daily monitoring process of engineering structure deformation.
  • the method used to capture transient angular acceleration due to occasional dynamics is relatively primitive.
  • the measurement of angular deformation is mostly based on the assumption of structural rigid body. After the torsion center is determined, the linear acceleration of two long-distance reference points is measured first, and then the difference between the linear acceleration of the two points is calculated. The ratio of the distance to the two points to obtain the angular acceleration of the structure.
  • the premise of using this method is that the angular acceleration at each position of the structure is the same.
  • the angular acceleration of the structure often changes due to different positions, so this method can only approximate the entire structure.
  • Angular acceleration, and the position of the two reference points greatly affects the measured angular acceleration. This method is not suitable if the distribution of angular acceleration at various positions on a certain surface of the structure is studied.
  • the angular rate gyroscope uses the principle of conservation of angular momentum. In general, it uses the property that when the combined external torque is zero, the object rotates at a high speed to generate large angular momentum. Because the angular momentum remains unchanged, the axis of rotation will always stably point in one direction.
  • the present invention provides a structural angular acceleration measurement device based on dynamic measurement of centrifugal force.
  • the basic principle adopted by the present invention is that when the structure is twisted, a mass device twisted with the structure will generate centrifugal force. Effect, the invention converts the measurement of the transient angular acceleration into the measurement of the dynamic centrifugal force, and converts the centrifugal force into the stress measurement on the strain gauge through the device, and realizes the dynamic monitoring process by using the strain gauge.
  • the strain gauge has the characteristics of stable operation, long-term work, and good application effect in complex conditions, so as to achieve real-time measurement of angular acceleration caused by occasional dynamic effects under long-term monitoring conditions.
  • a structural angular acceleration measurement device based on dynamic measurement of centrifugal force includes an internal core device, an outer wall packaging cover, and a data acquisition processing module.
  • the internal core device is fixed on the surface of the measured structure through the outer wall packaging cover, and passes through the data acquisition processing module.
  • the wires are connected; the outer wall encapsulation is used to protect the internal core device and limit the displacement of the solid ball so that it can only move longitudinally along the device.
  • the internal core device includes a solid ball, a rigid block, a flexible block, a strain gauge, a lateral limit link, a pulley, and a track.
  • a solid sphere is a spherical entity with uniform material properties and a center of mass at the center of the sphere.
  • the solid ball is in point contact with the outer wall packaging cover and the rigid block, which can move freely.
  • the two sides of the rigid block are in point contact with the solid ball and connected to one end of the flexible block, and are used to transmit the force between the solid ball and the flexible block.
  • the other two sides of the rigid block are connected by lateral limit links and pulleys. Connected, the pulley is restricted to the track.
  • the other end of the flexible block is fixed on the inner wall of the outer wall encapsulation cover and serves as a force base.
  • the strain gauge is fixed on the surface of the flexible block, and the strain gauge is connected to the data acquisition and processing module through a wire.
  • the method for measuring the angular acceleration of a structure by using the above device uses a strain gauge to implement a dynamic monitoring process, thereby relatively accurately obtaining the angular acceleration of the structure due to occasional dynamic effects such as wind, blasting, and earthquake. It includes the following steps:
  • the device for measuring the structural angular accelerometer is fixed on the surface of the structure to be measured. If the solid ball in the device is used as the head, the device heads all face the torsional center of the structure.
  • the solid ball acts on the rigid block.
  • the force is transmitted to the flexible block, and the flexible block is stressed.
  • the strain generated after extrusion is measured by the strain gauge, and the magnitude of the centrifugal force F is obtained from the strain ⁇ obtained by the strain gauge:
  • E is the modulus of elasticity of the flexible block
  • A is the cross-sectional area of the flexible bulk body
  • the present invention converts the measurement of the transient angular acceleration into the measurement of the dynamic centrifugal force.
  • the formula for calculating the angular velocity ⁇ of the structural torsion is:
  • m is the mass of the solid ball
  • ⁇ is the angular velocity of the structural torsion, which is also the angular velocity of the solid ball following the structural torsion
  • r is the distance between the structural torsion center and the solid ball
  • F is the centrifugal force of the solid ball.
  • the fourth step is to use formula (6) to calculate the angular acceleration ⁇ of the structure torsion, that is,
  • t 1 and t 2 are arbitrary two infinitely close moments
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the angular velocities when the structures corresponding to time t 1 and t 2 are twisted, respectively.
  • ⁇ is the instantaneous angular acceleration of the structure
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the corresponding strains of the flexible block at time t 1 and t 2 respectively.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: relatively low maintenance cost, real-time long-term monitoring of sudden structural torsion and structural rotation status; not easily affected by the external environment, and rapid capture of dynamic instantaneous angles at a certain position in a complex environment Acceleration.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a device fixed on a structure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the device fixed on the structure surface
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a core device inside the device
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the core device A-A inside the device
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the core device B-B inside the device.
  • a structural angular acceleration measurement device based on dynamic measurement of centrifugal force.
  • the device includes an internal core device 2, an outer wall encapsulation cover 3, and a data acquisition processing module 12.
  • the internal core device 2 is fixed on the outer surface 1 of the measured structure through the outer wall encapsulation cover 3.
  • the internal core device 2 and the data acquisition and processing module 12 are connected by wires 11.
  • the outer wall packaging cover 3 is used to protect the internal core device 2 and limit the displacement of the solid ball 4 so that it can only move longitudinally along the device.
  • the internal core device 2 includes a solid ball 4, a rigid block 5, a flexible block 6, a strain gauge 7, a lateral limit link 8, a pulley 9, and a track 10.
  • the solid ball 4 is a spherical entity, and its material characteristics are uniform, and its center of mass is at the center of the sphere.
  • the solid ball 4 is in point contact with the five faces of the inner wall of the outer wall encapsulation cover 3 (based on Figure 3, including upper, lower, front, rear, and left inner walls) and the rigid block 5.
  • the solid ball 4 can move freely However, it is limited by the outer wall encapsulation cover 3 and the rigid block 5 and is in a fixed state relative to the outer wall encapsulation cover 3 in a state where no external force is applied.
  • One end (left side) of the rigid block 5 is in point contact with the solid ball 4 and the opposite end (right side) is connected to one end of the flexible block 6 for transmitting the solid ball 4 and the flexible block 6 Between forces.
  • the other opposite ends of the rigid block 5 (upper and lower sides in FIG. 3) are connected to the pulley 9 through a lateral limit link 8, the pulley 9 is restricted on the track 10, and the track 10 is fixed on the inner wall of the outer wall encapsulation cover 3. , To ensure that the rigid block 5 can move freely in the longitudinal direction under the condition of force.
  • the other end of the flexible block 6 is fixed on the right inner wall of the outer wall encapsulation cover 3 as a force base; the strain gauge 7 is fixed on the surface of the flexible block 6 and connected to the data acquisition processing module 12 through a wire 11 for The strain of the flexible block 6 is detected, and the centrifugal force generated by the solid ball when the structure is twisted is calculated by calculation.
  • the method for measuring the angular acceleration of a structure by using the above device is as follows:
  • the device for measuring the angular acceleration of the structure is fixed on the outer surface 1 of the structure to be measured. If the solid ball 4 in the device is used as the head, all the heads face the torsional center of the structure.
  • the solid ball 4 acts on the rigid block 5 due to the centrifugal force of the solid ball 4. Since the ideal rigid block 5 does not deform, the force is transmitted For the flexible block 6, the strain generated by the flexible block 6 under pressure is measured by the strain gauge 7, and the centrifugal force obtained from the strain ⁇ obtained by the strain gauge 7:
  • E is the elastic modulus of the flexible block 6 in the device
  • A is the cross-sectional area of the surface where the flexible block 6 of the device is in contact with the solid ball 4, which is the cross-sectional area of the device's flexible block 6
  • the derivation process is: material mechanics formula
  • ⁇ is the stress on the cross section of the object
  • ⁇ is the strain of the flexible object due to the stress
  • E is the elastic modulus of the material
  • F is the external force on the cross section of the flexible block
  • A is the cross section on the external force
  • the third step is to convert the measurement of transient angular acceleration into the measurement of dynamic centrifugal force and calculate the angular velocity ⁇ of the structural torsion:
  • m is the mass of the solid ball 4
  • ⁇ is the angular velocity of the structural torsion, and is also the angular velocity of the solid ball 4 as the structure twists
  • r is the distance between the structural torsion center and the solid ball 4
  • F is the centrifugal force of the solid ball 4.
  • ⁇ is the angular velocity at which the structure rotates, and is also the angular velocity at which the solid ball 4 rotates
  • m is the mass of the solid ball 4
  • r is the distance between the structure torsion center and the solid ball 4
  • F is the centrifugal force of the solid ball 4.
  • the fourth step is to use formula (6) to calculate the angular acceleration ⁇ of the structure rotation, that is,
  • t 1 and t 2 are arbitrary two infinitely close moments
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the angular velocities when the structures corresponding to time t 1 and t 2 are twisted, respectively.
  • ⁇ is the instantaneous angular acceleration of the structure
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the corresponding strains of the flexible block at time t 1 and t 2 respectively.
  • F 1 and F 2 are the external forces on the cross-section of the flexible block corresponding to time t 1 and t 2 respectively, which are numerically equal to the centrifugal force on the solid ball.
  • the present invention can determine the instantaneous angular acceleration at a certain point, on the one hand, it can accurately measure the angular acceleration at a key position of the structure; on the other hand, the overall angular acceleration of the structure can also be determined using multiple fixed-point measurements.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
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Abstract

公开了一种基于动态量测离心力的结构角加速度测量装置及方法。该装置中有一实心球（4），实心球（4）可沿外壁封装罩（3）径向自由运动，实心球（4）运动后的离心力通过刚性块体（5）传递至柔性块体（6），柔性块体（6）作为受力基体；应变片（7）固定在柔性块体（6）表面，用于检测柔性块体（6）的径向应变，通过公式反算结构扭转时实心球（4）所受的离心力；侧向限位连杆（8）用于连接刚性块体（5）和滑轮（9），并限制实心球（4）的位移，使其只能沿装置纵向运动；滑轮（9）使刚性块体（5）自由移动。该装置将瞬态角加速度的测量转化为实心球（4）离心力的动态测量；并通过装置将离心力转化为柔性块体（6）纵向上的应变测量；利用应变片（7）实现低成本的动态监测，从而相对准确的求得结构由于偶遇动力作用引起的动态角加速度。

Description

一种基于动态量测离心力的结构角加速度测量装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于工程结构动态扭转变形测量技术领域，涉及一种基于动态量测离心力的结构角加速度测量装置及方法，适用于动态监测地震、爆破、风载作用下土木工程结构扭转动力响应的瞬态角加速度。
背景技术
在土木工程中，受风、爆破、地震等偶遇动力作用的影响，由于结构的非对称性，刚度中心与作用力合力方向多有不重合，结构会在水平面内围绕刚度中心可能发生快速瞬态扭转运动，严重时可影响工程结构的整体安全，故瞬态角加速度的测量对于定量判断结构扭转变形及所受外力扭矩大小具有重要意义。但由于快速瞬态变形监测的复杂性，尤其扭转角又是相对于扭转中心的相对测量值，受外载荷多变，结构刚度中心可能变化等因素的影响，导致目前在工程结构变形日常监测过程中，捕捉由于偶遇动力作用引起的瞬态角加速度所采用的方式比较原始。
在土木工程领域，对于角变形的测量多基于结构刚体假定，确定扭转中心后，先测量两个远距离参考点的线加速度，然后计算两个点线加速度的差值，再通过求该差值与两点距离的比值，来获得结构的角加速度。但使用这种方法的前提是结构各个位置处的角加速度一致，但在土木工程的实际应用中，结构的角加速度往往因为位置的不同而出现变化，所以该方法只能近似测得结构的整体角加速度，并且两个参考点的位置对所测角加速度受影响较大。如果研究角加速度在结构某一面上各个位置上的分布特征时，该方法并不合适。
测量动态角加速度还可以使用角速率陀螺仪，利用它得到角速度，再经过对时间处理得到角加速度。陀螺仪利用角动量守恒原理，概括来说就是利用当 合外力矩为零时，物体高速旋转产生较大的角动量，由于角动量保持不变，旋转轴会一直稳定地指向一个方向的性质。但是，它存在以下缺点：1)需要足够的、相对稳定的角动量，否则不足以维持陀螺仪转动的稳定性；2)需要一直保持转动，这不适用于长期监测建筑物或者结构基础的角加速度；3)角速率陀螺仪结构复杂精密，长期使用需要大量维护费用。现阶段，已经发展出了利用计算光程差的激光陀螺仪、光纤陀螺仪，以及基于物理学的科里奥利力的微机电陀螺仪等，但这些角速率陀螺仪多适用于航空机械电子领域，在土木工程的复杂长期的恶劣环境下运用极少。目前，还有其他几种比如压阻式角加速度传感器、液环式角加速度传感器、压电式角加速度传感器等测角加速度的仪器，但往往结构复杂，同样多用于机械电子工程。
在建筑结构变形长期监测过程中，在受风、爆破、地震等偶遇动力作用的复杂恶劣环境下，结构扭转等动态变化具有突发性、瞬时性和短暂性的特点，现在亟需要一种原理简单，维护简便、便于安装且能长期处于待命状态，能够及时响应激发，并迅速捕捉结构某一位置处动态瞬时角加速度动力状态的仪器。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种基于动态量测离心力的结构角加速度测量装置，本发明采用的基本原理是：当结构扭转时，与结构一起扭转的有质量的装置会产生离心力效应，本发明把瞬态角加速度的测量转化为动态离心力的测量，并通过装置将离心力转化为应变片上的应力测量，利用应变片实现动态监测过程。而应变片具有操作稳定、工作长效、在复杂工况下应用效果好等特点，从而实现长期监测条件下，对于偶遇动力作用引起的角加速度的实时测量。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种基于动态量测离心力的结构角加速度测量装置，包括内部核心装置、外壁封装罩和数据采集处理模块，内部核心装置通过外壁封装罩固定在所测结构表面上，并与数据采集处理模块通过导线相连；外壁封装罩用于保护内部核心装置，并限制实心球的位移，使其只能沿装置纵向运动。
内部核心装置包括实心球、刚性块体、柔性块体、应变片、侧向限位连杆、滑轮、轨道。实心球为球形实体，其材料特性均匀，质心在球心处。实心球与外壁封装罩和刚性块体均为点接触，其可自由活动。刚性块体两侧分别与实心球点接触、与柔性块体的一端连接，用于传递实心球与柔性块体之间的力；刚性块体的另外两侧通过侧向限位连杆与滑轮连接，滑轮限制在轨道上。柔性块体的另一端固定在外壁封装罩内壁上，作为受力基体。应变片固定在柔性块体的表面，应变片通过导线与数据采集处理模块相连。
采用上述装置测量结构角加速度的方法，该方法采用应变片可实现动态监测过程，从而相对准确的求得结构由于风、爆破、地震等偶遇动力作用引起的角加速度。包括以下步骤：
第一步，将测量结构角加速度仪的装置固定在所需测量的结构表面。若以装置中实心球为头部，则装置头部均面向结构的扭转中心。
第二步，结构扭转情况下，由于实心球离心力的存在，使得实心球作用于刚性块体，同时由于理想的刚性块体不会变形，故将力传递给柔性块体，柔性块体受力挤压后产生的应变由应变片测出，由应变片所得的应变ε得到离心力F的大小：
F＝ε×E×A
其中，E为柔性块体的弹性模量；A为柔性块体的横截面面积；ε为柔性块体的应变，并且ε＝ε 测-ε 0，其中ε 测为直接测得的柔性块体的应变，ε 0为由于 结构表面不平整引起的柔性块体的初始应变。
第三步，本发明将瞬态角加速度的测量转化为动态离心力的测量，计算结构扭转的角速度ω的公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-000001
其中，m为实心球的质量；ω为结构扭转的角速度，同时也是实心球随结构扭转的角速度；r为结构扭转中心与实心球的距离；F为实心球的离心力。
第四步，利用(6)式计算结构扭转的角加速度α，即
Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-000002
其中t 1、t 2为任意的两个无限接近的时刻，ω 1、ω 2为t 1、t 2时刻分别对应的结构扭转时的角速度。
综合以上四步，可直接得出：
Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-000003
其中α为结构的瞬时角加速度，ε 1、ε 2为t 1、t 2时刻分别对应的柔性块体的应变，其他参数物理意义见前所述。
本发明的有益效果是：维护成本相对较低，可长期实时监测结构突发性扭转以及结构的转动状态；不易受外部环境影响，可在复杂环境中迅速捕捉结构某一位置处的动态瞬时角加速度。
附图说明
图1为装置固定在结构上的立体示意图；
图2为装置固定在结构表面平面示意图；
图3为装置内部核心装置平面示意图；
图4为装置内部核心装置A-A剖面示意图；
图5为装置内部核心装置B-B剖面示意图。
图中：1结构外表面；2内部核心装置；3外壁封装罩；4实心球；5刚性块体；6柔性块体；7应变片；8侧向限位连杆；9滑轮；10轨道；11导线；12数据采集处理模块。
具体实施方式
下面结合技术方案和附图，详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式：
一种基于动态量测离心力的结构角加速度测量装置，该装置包括内部核心装置2、外壁封装罩3及数据采集处理模块12；内部核心装置2通过外壁封装罩3固定在所测结构外表面1，内部核心装置2与数据采集处理模块12通过导线11相连，外壁封装罩3用于保护内部核心装置2，并限制实心球4的位移，使其只能沿装置纵向运动。
所述的内部核心装置2包括实心球4、刚性块体5、柔性块体6、应变片7、侧向限位连杆8、滑轮9、轨道10。所述的实心球4为球形实体，其材料特性均匀，质心在球心处。实心球4与外壁封装罩3内壁的五个面(以图3位为标准，包括上、下、前、后、左侧内壁)和刚性块体5均为点接触，实心球4可自由活动，但受限于外壁封装罩3和刚性块体5，在未受外力的状态下处于相对于外壁封装罩3固定的状态。所述的刚性块体5一端(左侧面)与实心球4点接触，相对的另一端(右侧面)与柔性块体6的一端连接，用于传递实心球4与柔性块体6之间的力。所述的刚性块体5另外相对的两端(图3中的上下侧面)通过侧向限位连杆8与滑轮9连接，滑轮9限制在轨道10上，轨道10固定在外壁封装罩3内壁，保证刚性块体5在受力的情况下能够沿纵向自由移动。所述的柔性块体6的另一端固定在外壁封装罩3的右侧内壁，作为受力基体；应变片7 固定在柔性块体6表面，通过导线11与数据采集处理模块12相连，用于检测柔性块体6的应变，通过计算得到结构扭转时实心球产生的离心力。
采用上述装置测量结构角加速度的方法，步骤如下：
第一步，将测量结构角加速度仪的装置固定在所需测量的结构外表面1。若以装置中实心球4为头部，则头部都面向结构的扭转中心。
第二步，测量结构角加速度仪的装置在扭转情况下，由于实心球4离心力的存在，使得实心球4作用于刚性块体5，由于理想的刚性块体5不会变形，故将力传递给柔性块体6，柔性块体6受力挤压后产生的应变由应变片7测出，由应变片7所得的应变ε得到离心力大小：
F＝ε×E×A  (1)
其中，E为装置里的柔性块体6的弹性模量；A为装置的柔性块体6与实心球4点接触所在面的横截面面积，即为装置柔性块体6的横截面面积；ε为柔性块体6的应变，并且ε＝ε 测-ε 0，其中ε 测为直接测得的柔性块体6的应变，ε 0为由于结构表面不平整引起的初始应变。
推导过程为：材料力学公式
Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-000004
其中，σ为物体横截面所受应力，ε为柔性物体因受应力而发生的应变，E为材料的弹性模量。
Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-000005
其中，F为柔性块体横截面所受外力，A为外力所作用的横截面。
由公式(3)代入(2)可得关系式(1)。
第三步，将瞬态角加速度的测量转化为动态离心力的测量，计算结构扭转的角速度ω：
Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-000006
其中，m为实心球4的质量，ω为结构扭转的角速度，同时也是实心球4随结构扭转的角速度；r为结构扭转中心与实心球4的距离；F为实心球4的离心力。
推导过程：当物体围绕一点做圆周运动时，会产生离心力，使得该物体有离开转动中心的趋势。在本发明中，ω为结构转动的角速度，同时也是实心球4转动的角速度，m为实心球4的质量，r为结构扭转中心与实心球4的距离；F为实心球4的离心力。则有
F＝mω 2r  (5)
由(5)即可得关系式(4)。
第四步，利用(6)式计算结构转动的角加速度α，即
Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-000007
其中t 1、t 2为任意的两个无限接近的时刻，ω 1、ω 2为t 1、t 2时刻分别对应的结构扭转时的角速度。
综合以上四步，可直接得出：
Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-000008
其中α为结构的瞬时角加速度，ε 1、ε 2为t 1、t 2时刻分别对应的柔性块体的应变，其他参数物理意义见前所述。
推导过程：
Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-000009
F 1、F 2为t 1、t 2时刻分别对应的柔性块体横截面所受外力，数值上等于实心 球所受的离心力，其他参数物理意义见前所述。
由于本发明可以确定某一定点的瞬态角加速度，一方面可以精确测量结构某一关键位置处的角加速度；另一方面，结构整体的角加速度也可以利用多个定点的测量来确定。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种基于动态量测离心力的结构角加速度测量装置，其特征在于，所述的结构角加速度测量装置包括内部核心装置(2)、外壁封装罩(3)及数据采集处理部件(12)；内部核心装置(2)通过外壁封装罩(3)固定在所测结构外表面(1)，内部核心装置(2)与数据采集处理模块(12)相连，外壁封装罩(3)用于保护内部核心装置(2)，并限制实心球(4)的位移，使其只能沿装置纵向运动；
    所述的内部核心装置(2)包括实心球(4)、刚性块体(5)、柔性块体(6)、应变片(7)、侧向限位连杆(8)、滑轮(9)、轨道(10)；所述的实心球(4)为球形实体，其材料特性均匀，质心在球心处；实心球(4)与外壁封装罩(3)内壁和和刚性块体(5)均为点接触，实心球(4)可自由活动，但受限于外壁封装罩(3)和刚性块体(5)，在未受外力的状态下相对于外壁封装罩(3)处于固定的状态；所述的刚性块体(5)一端与实心球(4)点接触，其相对的另一端与柔性块体(6)的一端连接，用于传递实心球(4)与柔性块体(6)之间的力；所述的刚性块体(5)另外两端通过侧向限位连杆(8)与滑轮(9)连接，滑轮(9)限制在轨道(10)上，轨道(10)固定在外壁封装罩(3)内壁，保证刚性块体(5)在受力的情况下能够自由移动；所述的柔性块体(6)的另一端固定在外壁封装罩(3)的右侧内壁，作为受力基体；应变片(7)固定在柔性块体(6)表面，且与数据采集处理部分(12)相连，用于检测柔性块体(6)的应变，通过计算得到结构扭转时实心球(4)产生的离心力。
  2. 采用权利要求1所述的装置测量结构角加速度的方法，其特征在于以下步骤：
    第一步，将测量结构角加速度仪的装置固定在所需测量的结构外表面(1)；若以装置中实心球(4)为头部，则头部都面向结构的扭转中心；
    第二步，测量结构角加速度仪的装置在扭转情况下，由于实心球(4)离心力的存在，使得实心球(4)作用于刚性块体(5)，由于理想的刚性块体(5)不会变形，故将力传递给柔性块体(6)，柔性块体(6)受力挤压后产生的应变由应变片(7)测出， 由应变片(7)所得的应变ε得到离心力大小：
    F＝ε×E×A  (1)
    其中，E为装置里的柔性块体(6)的弹性模量；A为装置的柔性块体(6)与实心球(4)点接触所在面的横截面面积，即为装置柔性块体(6)的横截面面积；ε为柔性块体(6)的应变，并且ε＝ε 测-ε 0，其中ε 测为直接测得的柔性块体(6)的应变，ε 0为由于结构表面不平整引起的柔性块体(6)的初始应变；
    由公式(3)代入(2)可得关系式(1)；
    第三步，将瞬态角加速度的测量转化为动态离心力的测量，计算结构扭转的角速度ω：
    Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-100001
    其中，m为实心球(4)的质量，ω为结构扭转的角速度，同时也是实心球(4)随结构扭转的角速度；r为结构扭转中心与实心球(4)球心的距离；F为实心球(4)的离心力；
    第四步，利用(6)式计算结构转动的角加速度α，即
    Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-100002
    其中t 1、t 2为任意的两个无限接近的时刻，ω 1、ω 2为t 1、t 2时刻分别对应的结构扭转时的角速度；
    综合以上四步，可直接得出：
    Figure PCTCN2018094587-appb-100003
    其中α为结构的瞬时角加速度，ε 1、ε 2为t 1、t 2时刻分别对应的柔性块体的应变，其他参数物理意义见前所述。
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