WO2020000978A1 - 一种三维结构超材料 - Google Patents

一种三维结构超材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020000978A1
WO2020000978A1 PCT/CN2018/125123 CN2018125123W WO2020000978A1 WO 2020000978 A1 WO2020000978 A1 WO 2020000978A1 CN 2018125123 W CN2018125123 W CN 2018125123W WO 2020000978 A1 WO2020000978 A1 WO 2020000978A1
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conductive geometric
metamaterial
metal line
dimensional structure
conductive
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PCT/CN2018/125123
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘若鹏
赵治亚
何嘉威
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深圳光启尖端技术有限责任公司
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Priority claimed from CN201810672297.4A external-priority patent/CN110649392A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201820991943.9U external-priority patent/CN208507968U/zh
Application filed by 深圳光启尖端技术有限责任公司 filed Critical 深圳光启尖端技术有限责任公司
Publication of WO2020000978A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020000978A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metamaterial, in particular to a three-dimensional structure metamaterial.
  • Absorbing materials are a class of materials that can absorb the energy of electromagnetic waves projected on its surface.
  • the basic conditions for materials to absorb electromagnetic waves are: (1) When electromagnetic waves are incident on a material, it can enter the interior of the material to the maximum, that is, the material must be matched Characteristics; (2) the electromagnetic waves entering the material can be almost completely attenuated quickly, that is, attenuation characteristics.
  • One of the methods to achieve the first condition is to adopt special boundary conditions, such as coating the surface of high-conductivity and high-magnetic-wave absorbing materials, and the medium is close to air and magnetic media, so that the electromagnetic wave can be maximally incident. ; And the realization of the second condition requires a material with high electromagnetic loss.
  • absorbing metamaterials consist of conductive geometric structures and substrate materials.
  • the absorbing materials obtained by changing the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the conductive geometric structures absorb electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency compared to ordinary absorbing materials. The effect has been greatly improved, but generally the frequency band with better absorption effect is very narrow.
  • the present invention proposes a three-dimensional structure metamaterial.
  • this newly designed three-dimensional structure metamaterial it has low-frequency wave absorbing performance, and the wave absorbing effect is relatively ideal.
  • a three-dimensionally structured metamaterial is provided.
  • the three-dimensional structural metamaterial includes: a polyhedral structure composed of a plurality of conductive geometric units, the number of the polyhedral structures is multiple and arranged periodically, and any conductive geometric unit of the polyhedral structure is provided with electronic components.
  • the conductive geometric unit includes There is a conductive geometric structure, and the conductive geometric structure is electrically connected with the electronic component on the conductive geometric unit.
  • the plurality of polyhedral nodes are all cuboid structures.
  • a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped structures are sequentially stacked along a three-dimensional direction.
  • an electronic component is provided at each vertex of the conductive geometric unit, and a plurality of electronic components are electrically connected to the conductive geometric structure of the conductive geometric unit.
  • the conductive geometric unit further includes a substrate, and the conductive geometric structure is disposed above the substrate.
  • the conductive geometric structure is disposed on the inner surface of the polyhedron structure, and the conductive geometric structure on each inner surface is the same.
  • the conductive geometric structure includes: a first metal line extending along an edge of the conductive geometric unit, and the first metal line is provided with a first gap, and the first gap is provided at each of the conductive geometric units.
  • the second metal line extends along the center of each edge of the conductive geometric unit toward the center of the conductive geometric unit, and a second gap is provided at the center of the conductive geometric unit.
  • the second gap is larger than the first gap, and the length of the first metal line is greater than the length of the second metal line.
  • the width of the first metal line and the width of the second metal line are equal; or, the width of the first metal line and the width of the second metal line are not equal.
  • the first metal wire is provided with an inclined edge at a vertex of the conductive geometric unit.
  • the above technical solution of the present invention provides a metamaterial with a three-dimensional structure.
  • a metamaterial microstructure and an electronic component By using a combination of a metamaterial microstructure and an electronic component, and by using this newly-designed three-dimensional structure metamaterial, it has low-frequency absorbing performance. , And the absorbing effect is ideal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conductive geometric unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an absorptivity of a three-dimensional structure metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a three-dimensional structure metamaterial is provided.
  • the three-dimensional structural metamaterial includes a polyhedron structure 20 composed of a plurality of conductive geometric units 10 arranged in an array. It should be understood that although one polyhedron structure 20 is shown in FIG. 1, in the three-dimensional structure metamaterial of the present invention, the number of the polyhedron structures 20 is plural, and the multiple polyhedron structures 20 are arranged periodically.
  • an electronic component 30 is provided on any conductive geometric unit 10 of the polyhedron structure 20, and the conductive geometric unit 10 includes a conductive geometric structure 14, which is electrically connected to the electronic component 30 provided on the conductive geometric unit 10. .
  • the combination of a metamaterial microstructure and an electronic component is adopted, and by using this newly designed three-dimensional structure metamaterial, it has a low-frequency wave absorbing performance and an ideal wave absorbing effect.
  • the three-dimensional structural metamaterial of the present invention includes: a polyhedral structure 20 composed of a plurality of conductive geometric units 10 arranged, and electronic components 30 are provided at vertices of any side of the polyhedral structure 20, wherein, the The electronic component 30 can be a capacitor, a resistor, a diode, etc. Therefore, the design of this three-dimensional structure absorbing metamaterial combines the principle of impedance matching and the principle of resistance, inductance, and capacitance, and a polyhedron model is designed to have a very good absorbing wave. Effect, and weight is also ideal. In addition, the specific structure of the polyhedron structure 20 may be selected according to actual needs.
  • the polyhedron structure 20 may be a tetrahedron, a hexahedron, an octahedron, a dodecahedron, or the like, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the following description is made by taking the polyhedron as a cuboid as an example, and combining FIG. 1-3.
  • the polyhedron structure 20 composed of a plurality of conductive geometric units 10 arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped structure is a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped structures in the three-dimensional structure metamaterial are sequentially stacked along a three-dimensional direction.
  • the conductive geometric unit 10 further includes a substrate 12, and the conductive geometric structure 14 is disposed above the substrate 12.
  • the conductive geometric structure 14 is disposed on the inner surface of the polyhedron structure 20.
  • the conductive geometry 14 on each inner surface may be the same.
  • the three-dimensional structure metamaterial is designed by combining a frequency selective surface (FSS) structure with an analog circuit, so the corresponding operating frequency can be adjusted according to the actual application situation.
  • the conductive geometric unit 10 may be a composite of a base material composed of a prepreg and a conductive geometric structure 14.
  • the substrate 12 is composed of a high dielectric constant prepreg and combined with a rectangular three-dimensional arrangement , Can further reduce the overall weight.
  • the conductive geometric unit 10 is rectangular, and the conductive geometric structure 14 disposed on the conductive geometric unit 10 includes a first metal line 142 along the edge of the conductive geometric unit 10. It extends, and the first metal line 142 is provided with a first gap 144. The first gap 144 is provided at a position corresponding to the middle and the vertex of each edge of the conductive geometric unit 10.
  • the conductive geometric structure 14 also includes a second metal line 146 that extends along the middle of each edge of the conductive geometric unit 10 toward the center of the conductive geometric unit 10, and a first Two gaps 148.
  • the second gap 148 is larger than the first gap 144, and the length of the first metal line 142 is greater than the length of the second metal line 146. At the same time, the width of the first metal line 142 and the width of the second metal line 146 are equal.
  • the first metal wire 142 is provided with an inclined edge 149 at the vertex of the conductive geometric unit 10.
  • the geometric dimensions of the first metal line 142, the second metal line 146, the first gap 144, and the second gap 148 can be set according to actual needs.
  • the width of the first metal line 142 and the width of the second metal line 146 may be different, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the present invention combines the principle of impedance matching and the principle of RLC circuit, arranges the remaining material layers according to the requirements for controlling input impedance, and adjusts the arrangement of the structure.
  • This composite structure can have an ideal absorption effect in the L-band.
  • the abscissa represents the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, the unit is GHz; the ordinate represents the s parameter, the unit is dB. It can be known from the curve of the s11 parameter shown in FIG. 3 that the absorptivity of the three-dimensional structure metamaterial of the present invention in the L-band (1GHz-2GHz) is basically above 90%, and some bands even reach 99%.
  • electronic components 30 are provided at each vertex of the conductive geometric unit 10, and a plurality of electronic components 30 are electrically connected to the conductive geometric structure 14 of the conductive geometric unit 10.
  • the electronic component 30 is electrically connected to the first metal line 142 of the conductive geometric structure 14.
  • the installation position of the electronic component 30 can also be set according to actual needs, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the shape of a microstructure of the conductive geometric unit
  • the coefficient and shape of the conductive geometric structure can be set according to actual needs.
  • the shape of the conductive geometric structure is a snowflake shape, a cross shape, etc., which is not limited in the present invention.

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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种三维结构超材料，该三维结构超材料包括：由多个导电几何单元组成的多面体结构，多面体结构的数量为多个并呈周期排布，且多面体结构的任意导电几何单元上均设有电子元件，导电几何单元包括有导电几何结构，导电几何结构与导电几何单元上的电子元件电性连接。本发明的上述技术方案，提供了一种具有三维结构的超材料，通过采用超材料微结构与电子元件的结合，并通过利用这种全新设计的三维结构超材料，使其有低频吸波性能，且吸波效果比较理想。

Description

一种三维结构超材料 技术领域
本发明涉及一种超材料，具体来说，涉及一种三维结构超材料。
背景技术
随着科学技术发展的日新月异，以电磁波为媒介的技术、各种产品越来越多，电磁波辐射对环境的影响也日益增大。无线电波可能对机场环境造成干扰，导致飞机航班无法正常起飞；移动电话可能常会干扰各种精密电子医疗器械的工作；即使是普通计算机，也会辐射携带信息的电磁波，它可能在几公里以外被接收和重现，从而造成国防、政治、经济、科技等方面情报的泄漏。因此，治理电磁污染，寻找一种能抵挡并削弱电磁波辐射的材料——吸波材料，已成为材料科学的一大课题。另外，吸波材料包括军事在内的其它方面也有广泛应用，比如隐形机，隐形衣等。
吸波材料是能吸收投射到它表面的电磁波能量的一类材料，材料吸收电磁波的基本条件是：(1)电磁波入射到材料上时，它能最大限度地进入材料内部，即要求材料具有匹配特性；(2)进入材料内部的电磁波能迅速地几乎全部衰减掉，即衰减特性。实现第一个条件的方法之一是采用特殊的边界条件，如在高电导、高磁导吸波材料的表面涂敷电导、磁导接近空气电导、磁导的介质，使电磁波最大限度地入射；而实现第二个条件则要求材料具有高的电磁损耗性。
现有的吸波超材料由导电几何结构和基板材料组成，通过改变导电几何结构的介电常数和磁导率得到的吸波材料，对特定频率的电磁波相对于普通吸波材料来说，吸收效果已经有了较大的进步，但是通常吸收效果比较好的频段非常窄。
针对相关技术中的问题，目前尚未提出有效的解决方案。
发明内容
针对相关技术中的问题，本发明提出一种三维结构超材料，通过利用这种全新设计的三维结构超材料，使其有低频吸波性能，且吸波效果比较理想。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种三维结构超材料。
该三维结构超材料包括：由多个导电几何单元组成的多面体结构，多面体结构的数量为多个并呈周期排布，且多面体结构的任意导电几何单元上均设有电子元件，导电几何单元包括有导电几何结构，导电几何结构与导电几何单元上的电子元件电性连接。
根据本发明的一个实施例，多个多面体结均为长方体结构。
根据本发明的一个实施例，多个长方体结构沿着三维方向依次堆叠。
根据本发明的一个实施例，导电几何单元的各个顶点处分别设有电子元件，且多个电子元件均电性连接于导电几何单元的导电几何结构。
根据本发明的一个实施例，导电几何单元还包括：基板，导电几何结构设置在基板上方。
根据本发明的一个实施例，导电几何结构设置在多面体结构的内表面上，且各个内表面上的导电几何结构均相同。
根据本发明的一个实施例，导电几何结构包括：第一金属线，沿着导电几何单元的边沿延伸，且第一金属线设有第一间隙，第一间隙设置在与导电几何单元的每条边沿的中部和顶点对应的位置处；以及第二金属线，沿着导电几何单元的每条边沿的中部向导电几何单元的中心延伸，且在导电几何单元的中心处设有第二间隙。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第二间隙大于第一间隙，第一金属线的长度大于第二金属线的长度。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一金属线的宽度和第二金属线的宽度相等；或者，第一金属线的宽度和第二金属线的宽度不相等。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一金属线在导电几何单元的顶点处设有倾斜的边沿。
本发明的有益技术效果在于：
本发明的上述技术方案，提供了一种具有三维结构的超材料，通过采用超材料微结构与电子元件的结合，并通过利用这种全新设计的三维结构超材料，使其有低频吸波性能，且吸波效果比较理想。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本发明实施例的三维结构超材料的示意图；
图2是根据本发明实施例的导电几何单元的示意图；
图3是根据本发明实施例的三维结构超材料的吸收率的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
根据本发明的实施例，提供了一种三维结构超材料。
结合图1所示，根据本发明实施例的三维结构超材料包括：由多个导电几何单元10排列组成的多面体结构20。应当理解，虽然图1中示出了一个多面体结构20，但是在本发明的三维结构超材料中，多面体结构20的数量为多个，并且多个多面体结构20呈周期排布。另外，多面体结构20的任意导电几何单元10上均设有电子元件30，并且导电几何单元10包括有导电几何结构14，该导电几何结构14与导电几何单元10上设置的电子元件30电性连接。
借助于本发明的上述技术方案，通过采用超材料微结构与电子元件的 结合，并通过利用这种全新设计的三维结构超材料，使其有低频吸波性能，且吸波效果比较理想。
为了更好的描述本发明的实施例，下面通过具体的实施例进行详细的描述。
继续结合图1所示，本发明的三维结构超材料包括：由多个导电几何单元10排列组成的多面体结构20，且多面体结构20的任意一面的顶点处均设有电子元件30，其中，该电子元件30可为电容、电阻、二极管等，从而该三维结构吸波超材料的设计结合了阻抗匹配原理以及电阻、电感与电容原理，并设计出多面体的模型，使其具有非常好的吸波效果，并且重量也比较理想。此外，该多面体结构20的具体结构可根据实际需求进行选择，例如，该多面体结构20可以为四面体、六面体、八面体、十二面体等结构，本发明对此不作限定。为了便于描述，下面通过该多面体为长方体为例并结合图1-3进行描述。
在一个实施例中，多个导电几何单元10排列组成的多面体结构20为长方体结构，从而该三维结构超材料的形状采用长方体结构。其中，三维结构超材料中的多个长方体结构是沿着三维方向依次堆叠。通过以这种矩形的方式进行三维排布，大部分空间为空气，因此整体重量低，并具有面密度低的优点。应当理解，为了清楚，图1中仅示出了多面体结构20的四个面。
另外，结合图1和图2所示，导电几何单元10还包括：基板12，导电几何结构14设置在基板12上方。其中，导电几何结构14设置在多面体结构20的内表面上。并且，各个内表面上的导电几何结构14可以都是相同的。该三维结构超材料通过采用频率选择表面(FSS)结构与模拟电路结合的设计，因此可以根据实际应用情况调整相应工作频率。并且，导电几何单元10可以是由预浸料构成的基材与导电几何结构14复合而成，同时，该基板12是由高介电常数的预浸料构成，并结合矩形方式的三维排布，可以进一步减小整体重量。
此外，如图2所示，导电几何单元10为矩形，并且设置在该导电几何单元10上的导电几何结构14包括第一金属线142，该第一金属线142沿 着导电几何单元10的边沿延伸，且第一金属线142设有第一间隙144，第一间隙144设置在与导电几何单元10的每条边沿的中部和顶点对应的位置处。导电几何结构14还包括第二金属线146，该第二金属线146沿着导电几何单元10的每条边沿的中部向导电几何单元10的中心延伸，且在导电几何单元的中心处设有第二间隙148。
其中，第二间隙148大于第一间隙144，另外，第一金属线142的长度大于第二金属线146的长度。同时，第一金属线142的宽度和第二金属线146的宽度相等。第一金属线142在导电几何单元10的顶点处设有倾斜的边沿149。此外，当然可以理解，该第一金属线142、第二金属线146、第一间隙144和第二间隙148的几何尺寸可根据实际需求进行设置。例如，在一个实施例中，该第一金属线142的宽度和第二金属线146的宽度可以不相等，本发明对此不作限定。从而本发明结合了阻抗匹配原理及RLC电路原理，按照控制输入阻抗的要求安排其余材料层，并调整结构的排列，这种复合结构能在L波段内吸波效果比较理想。如图3所示，其中横坐标表示电磁波的频率，单位为GHz；纵坐标表示s参数，单位为dB。由图3中示出的s11参数的曲线可知，本发明的三维结构超材料在L波段(1GHz-2GHz)吸波率基本都在90％以上，部分频段甚至达到99％。
另外，继续参见图2，导电几何单元10的各个顶点处分别设有电子元件30，且多个电子元件30均电性连接于导电几何单元10的导电几何结构14。在本实施例中，电子元件30是与导电几何结构14的第一金属线142电性连接。此外，当然可以理解，该电子元件30的设置位置也可根据实际需求进行设置，本发明对此不做限定。
此外，当然可以理解，虽然图1、图2示出了导电几何单元的一种微结构的形状，但本领域应该理解，其可根据实际需求设置导电几何结构的系数和形状等，例如，根据本发明的一个实施例，该导电几何结构的形状为雪花状、十字形等，本发明对此不做限定。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种三维结构超材料，其特征在于，包括由多个导电几何单元组成的多面体结构，所述多面体结构的数量为多个并呈周期排布，且所述多面体结构的任意导电几何单元上均设有电子元件，所述导电几何单元包括有导电几何结构，所述导电几何结构与所述导电几何单元上的电子元件电性连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三维结构超材料，其特征在于，所述多个多面体结均为长方体结构。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的三维结构超材料，其特征在于，多个长方体结构沿着三维方向依次堆叠。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的三维结构超材料，其特征在于，导电几何单元的各个顶点处分别设有所述电子元件，且多个电子元件均电性连接于所述导电几何单元的导电几何结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的三维结构超材料，其特征在于，所述导电几何单元还包括：基板，所述导电几何结构设置在所述基板上方。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的三维结构超材料，其特征在于，所述导电几何结构设置在所述多面体结构的内表面上，且各个内表面上的导电几何结构均相同。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的三维结构超材料，其特征在于，所述导电几何结构包括：
    第一金属线，沿着所述导电几何单元的边沿延伸，且所述第一金属线设有第一间隙，所述第一间隙设置在与所述导电几何单元的每条边沿的中部和顶点对应的位置处；以及
    第二金属线，沿着所述导电几何单元的每条边沿的中部向所述导电几何单元的中心延伸，且在所述导电几何单元的中心处设有第二间隙。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的三维结构超材料，其特征在于，所述第二间隙大于所述第一间隙，所述第一金属线的长度大于所述第二金属线的长度。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的三维结构超材料，其特征在于，所述第一金 属线的宽度和所述第二金属线的宽度相等；或者，所述第一金属线的宽度和所述第二金属线的宽度不相等。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的三维结构超材料，其特征在于，所述第一金属线在所述导电几何单元的顶点处设有倾斜的边沿。
PCT/CN2018/125123 2018-06-26 2018-12-29 一种三维结构超材料 WO2020000978A1 (zh)

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JP2009272592A (ja) * 2008-05-01 2009-11-19 Kokusai Metamaterial Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk 人工材料の構成方法
CN102752996A (zh) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-24 深圳光启高等理工研究院 频率可调的吸波装置
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