WO2019232151A1 - Émulsion et procédé pour la préparer - Google Patents

Émulsion et procédé pour la préparer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019232151A1
WO2019232151A1 PCT/US2019/034554 US2019034554W WO2019232151A1 WO 2019232151 A1 WO2019232151 A1 WO 2019232151A1 US 2019034554 W US2019034554 W US 2019034554W WO 2019232151 A1 WO2019232151 A1 WO 2019232151A1
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Prior art keywords
emulsion
silicone
chaotrope
alternatively
extract
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PCT/US2019/034554
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English (en)
Inventor
Zhi Li
Bart MAXON
Kimmai Nguyen
Nisaraporn SUTHIWANGCHAROEN
Evan WADDELL
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Dow Silicones Corporation
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Publication of WO2019232151A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019232151A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K8/06—Emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
    • A61K8/896—Polysiloxanes containing atoms other than silicon, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, e.g. dimethicone copolyol phosphate
    • A61K8/898—Polysiloxanes containing atoms other than silicon, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, e.g. dimethicone copolyol phosphate containing nitrogen, e.g. amodimethicone, trimethyl silyl amodimethicone or dimethicone propyl PG-betaine

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to an emulsion and, more specifically, to an emulsion including a solid silicone-polyamide copolymer and methods of making and using the emulsion
  • compositions are known in the art and utilized for numerous end use applications and uses.
  • Personal care compositions for example, are utilized to treat hair, skin, and other parts of the human body.
  • Personal care compositions include various components, such as silicone-based emulsions, contingent on a desired end use thereof.
  • Silicone polymers may impart desirable properties to a variety of formulations, including personal care compositions, e.g. as rheology modifiers or thickeners.
  • silicone polymers are often valued for imparting desirable aesthetics, such as skin feel, to a formulation. They may also be used to deliver actives to a surface.
  • An emulsion comprises a non-aqueous phase including a solid silicone polyamide copolymer and a silicone fluid, an aqueous phase including water, a chaotrope soluble in the aqueous phase and capable of liquefying the solid silicone polyamide copolymer in the absence of the aqueous phase at a temperature less than 45 °C, and an emulsifier.
  • a method of preparing the emulsion comprises combining the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, the silicone fluid, and the chaotrope at a temperature less than 45 °C to give a liquid silicone composition.
  • the method also includes combining and shearing the liquid silicone composition, the emulsifier, and water, thereby preparing the emulsion.
  • the present disclosure provides an emulsion.
  • the emulsion comprises various components, which are each described in detail below.
  • the emulsion is suitable for various end-uses and applications, such as in or as coatings, cosmetics (e.g. personal care products), etc.
  • the emulsion may comprise additional components, or may be combined with other components or formulations, depending on an intended use of the emulsion, as will be appreciated from the description below and as understood by one of skill in the art.
  • the emulsion comprises a continuous (i.e., non-dispersed, external,) phase and a discontinuous (i.e., dispersed) phase.
  • the continuous phase may be referred to herein as a non-dispersed and/or an external phase.
  • the discontinuous phase may be referred to herein as a dispersed and/or internal phase.
  • the nature of the continuous and/or discontinuous phases may be altered in various ways, such as via addition of, or dilution of a component with, various solvents (e.g. polar, non-polar, aqueous, and non- aqueous solvents), without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
  • the emulsion is a water-in-oil emulsion.
  • the emulsion comprises water in the discontinuous phase.
  • the emulsion is further defined as a silicone emulsion, and may also be defined as a water-in-silicone emulsion.
  • the emulsion is an oil-in-water and/or a silicone-in-water emulsion, in which case the aqueous phase is the continuous phase of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion comprises a solid silicone polyamide copolymer.
  • the term“solid” is used herein with reference to the solid silicone polyamide copolymer to describe such silicone polyamides having a softening and/or melting point above room temperature, such that, at room temperature, the silicone polyamide copolymer is solid or substantially solid.
  • silicone polyamide copolymers suitable for use in the emulsion may present as a solid at temperatures less than 1 10 °C, alternatively less than 100 °C, alternatively less than 80 °C, alternatively less than 60 °C, alternatively less than 40 °C, alternatively less than 30 °C.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer typically comprises a melting temperature of greater than 30 °C.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer has a melting temperature greater than 70 °C, alternatively greater than 75 °C, alternatively greater than 80 °C alternatively greater than 85 °C, alternatively greater than 90 °C, alternatively greater than 95 °C.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer has a softening (e.g. as determined via ASTM-D1525) of greater than 70 °C, alternatively greater than 80 °C, alternatively greater than 90 °C.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer comprises a siloxane segment and a polyamide moiety, which are each described in detail below.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer may comprise multiple siloxane segments and/or polyamide moieties, which may each be independently selected and which may be present in the solid silicone polyamide copolymer in any form, e.g. alternating, block, randomized, etc.
  • each siloxane segment may be the same as or different from any other siloxane segment
  • each polyamide moiety may be the same as or different from any other polyamide moiety.
  • siloxane segment and the“siloxane segments” may refer equally to any one or more siloxane segment, or all of the siloxane segments, of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer.
  • reference herein to the“polyamide moiety” and the “polyamide moieties” may refer equally to any one or more polyamide moiety, or all of the polyamide moieties, of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer.
  • the siloxane segment is typically disposed within the backbone of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, as described in further detail below.
  • the polyamide moiety may also be disposed within the backbone of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, but may alternatively or additionally be present in the solid silicone polyamide copolymer as a pendant group bonded to a siloxane segment. Regardless of the particular configuration, each polyamide moiety is bonded to at least one siloxane segment directly (e.g. via silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds, silicon-carbon bonds, etc.) or indirectly via an intervening linking group, as will be understood in view of the description below.
  • Each siloxane segment may comprise any combination of M, D, T, and Q units, and thus may be independently linear or branched and crosslinked or non-crosslinked.
  • M, D, T, and Q each represent structural units of individual functionality present in organopolysiloxanes. More specifically, M represents the monofunctional unit of general formula RgSiO- j ⁇ ; D represents the difunctional unit of general formula R 2 SiC>2/2; T represents the trifunctional unit of general formula RS1O3/2; and Q represents the tetrafunctional unit of general formula S1O4/2, as shown by the general structural moieties below:
  • each R is independently a monovalent or polyvalent substituent.
  • substituents suitable for each R are not limited, and may be monoatomic or polyatomic, organic or inorganic, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, aromatic, aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, and combinations thereof.
  • each R is an independently selected hydrocarbyl group, and thus the hydrocarbyl group(s) represented by R may be substituted or unsubstituted, and may be aliphatic, aromatic, cyclic, alicyclic, etc. Moreover, the hydrocarbyl group(s) represented by R may include one or more heteroatoms replacing carbon, e.g. N, S, or O may replace C in the hydrocarbyl group(s) represented by R.
  • the term“substituted” as used in relation to a hydrocarbyl group means, unless indicated otherwise, one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbyl group has been replaced with another substituent.
  • substituents include, for example, halogen atoms; halogen atom containing groups; oxygen atoms; oxygen atom containing groups; nitrogen atoms; nitrogen atom containing groups; sulphur atoms; and sulphur atom containing groups.
  • Monovalent unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups may independently be linear, branched, and/or cyclic. Cyclic hydrocarbyl groups encompass aryl groups as well as saturated or non-conjugated cyclic groups.
  • Aryl groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Linear and branched hydrocarbyl groups may independently be saturated or unsaturated.
  • linear hydrocarbyl groups include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, etc. Alkyl groups are exemplified by methyl, ethyl, propyl, pentyl, octyl, undecyl, and octadecyl groups.
  • Aromatic hydrocarbon groups are exemplified by, but not limited to, phenyl, tolyl, benzyl, styryl, and 2-phenylethyl.
  • Substituted hydrocarbyl groups have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with another atom or substituent, for example, a halogen atom such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine, an oxygen atom containing group such as acrylic, methacrylic, alkoxy or carboxyl, a nitrogen atom containing group such as an amino, amido or cyano group, or a sulphur atom containing group such as a mercapto group.
  • a halogen atom such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine
  • an oxygen atom containing group such as acrylic, methacrylic, alkoxy or carboxyl
  • a nitrogen atom containing group such as an amino, amido or cyano group
  • substituted hydrocarbon groups include a propyl group substituted with chlorine or fluorine such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, chlorophenyl, beta-(perfluorobutyl)ethyl or chlorocyclohexyl group.
  • R groups are methyl groups.
  • each siloxane segment is independently selected, as is the particular substituent for each R of each particular siloxy unit.
  • a proportion of T and Q units of or around 0 is typically selected to increase the linearity of the siloxane segment, such as when the siloxane segment is a linear organopolysiloxane.
  • organopolysiloxanes are typically linear or substantially linear, but may include some branching attributable to T and/or Q units.
  • the proportion of T and/or Q units is selected to be greater than 0 when the siloxane segment is a resin.
  • composition of the siloxane segments to control the composition of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, e.g. based on a desired property of a particular siloxane segment, a desired/intended property and/or characteristic (e.g. physical, chemical, aesthetic, etc.) of any of: the solid silicone polyamide copolymer; a particular phase (e.g. a non-aqueous, continuous, and/or silicone phase) of the emulsion; the emulsion itself; a formulation comprising the emulsion; a coating formed from a formulation comprising the emulsion; and combinations thereof.
  • a desired property of a particular siloxane segment e.g. based on a desired property of a particular siloxane segment, a desired/intended property and/or characteristic (e.g. physical, chemical, aesthetic, etc.) of any of: the solid silicone polyamide copolymer; a particular phase (e.g. a non-aqueous, continuous, and/or silicone phase
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer may be desirable for the solid silicone polyamide copolymer to have a high melting temperature and/or softening point, or for the emulsion or a formulation comprising the emulsion to be in a specific form (e.g. the form of a solid, gel, etc.), and selecting the composition of the siloxane segment of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer allows one of skill in the art to achieve a range of such desirable properties.
  • layers or coatings formed from the emulsion in accordance with the present disclosure will typically have improved feel (e.g. comfortable deposit) and flexibility as compared to embodiments where the siloxane segment includes increased branching attributable to T and/or Q units.
  • resinous siloxane segments are utilized, products formed with the emulsion in accordance with the present disclosure will typically have increased hardness and transfer resistance as compared to embodiments where more linear siloxane segments are utilized.
  • the siloxane segment has the formula:
  • each R 1 -R 6 is an independently selected monovalent group (e.g. H, OH, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, alkoxy, siloxy, silyl, amino, amido, acetoxy, and aminoxy groups, etc.), with the proviso that at least one of R 1 -R 6 is a divalent group bonded to the polyamide moiety (e.g.
  • each siloxane segment is also contingent on the location of each siloxane segment within the solid silicon polyamide copolymer.
  • the siloxane segment may be part of the backbone of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, in which case the siloxane segment may consist of only D siloxy units.
  • the siloxane segment may be terminal, in which case the siloxane segment may consist of D siloxy units terminated with an M siloxy unit.
  • the siloxane segment is an organopolysiloxane comprising repeating D units, i.e., where subscript b>0.
  • subscript b is typically a value of from 0.3 to 1 (e.g. 0.3 ⁇ b ⁇ 1 ), such as from 0.3 to 0.9999, alternatively from 0.3 to 0.999, alternatively from 0.3 to 0.99, alternatively from 0.3 to 0.9, alternatively from 0.5 to 0.999, alternatively from 0.6 to 0.999, alternatively from 0.7 to 0.99, alternatively from 0.8 to 0.99, alternatively from 0.85 to 0.99, alternatively from 0.9 to 0.99.
  • Subscript a is typically a value of from 0 to 0.1 (0 ⁇ .1 ⁇ 0.1 ), such as from 0 to 0.099, alternatively from 0 to 0.09, alternatively from 0 to 0.085, alternatively from 0 to 0.08, alternatively from 0 to 0.075, alternatively from 0 to 0.07, alternatively from 0 to 0.065, alternatively from 0 to 0.06, alternatively from 0 to 0.055, alternatively from 0 to 0.05, alternatively from 0.001 to 0.05, alternatively from 0.002 to 0.05, alternatively from 0.005 to 0.01 .
  • Subscripts c and d are typically each an independently selected value of from 0 to 0.1 (e.g.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer comprises a linear siloxane segment, where subscript b is from 0.9 to 1 , subscript a is from 0 to 0.1 , and subscripts c and d are each 0.
  • the number of specific D units (i.e., the degree of polymerization, DP) in any one siloxane segment is not limited.
  • the siloxane segment comprises from 1 to 700 repeating D units, such as from 2 to 600, alternatively from 2 to 500, alternatively from 5 to 400, alternatively from 5 to 300, alternatively from 10 to 250, alternatively from 10 to 200, alternatively from 15 to 150, alternatively from 15 to 100, alternatively from 15 to 50.
  • the polyamide moiety of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer is a polyamide (i.e., comprises at least two amide functional groups).
  • the two amide functional groups may be present in the polyamide moiety in the form of a polyamide block, or may be present in the polyamide moiety as independent amide functional groups formed from the same or different reaction process.
  • the polyamide moiety has the general formula:
  • each A’ is an independently selected substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, with the proviso that at least one A’ is a divalent linking group bonded to the siloxane segment (e.g. directly or indirectly via an intervening linking group).
  • A’ is a substituted C1 -C30 hydrocarbon group, such as a divalent hydrocarbon group comprising O and/or N substitution.
  • A’ is linear hydrocarbon group having from 2 to 20, alternatively from 3 to 18, alternatively from 4 to 16, alternatively from 5 to 16, alternatively from 6 to 15, alternatively from 6 to 14, alternatively from 7 to 14, carbon atoms.
  • Each B’ is an independently selected divalent amide group (e.g. -C(0)N(H)- or - N(H)C(0)-).
  • C’ is a divalent linking group.
  • C’ is selected from divalent substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups, which may optionally be modified or substituted, e.g. with alkoxy, siloxy, silyl, amino, amido, acetoxy, and aminoxy groups.
  • C’ is a C-
  • C’ may be linear or branched. When branched, C’ may optionally be bonded (e.g. cross-linked) to a siloxane segment other than the siloxane segment bonded to at least one of the groups represented by A’ in the general formula above.
  • C’ is a divalent organic group comprising at least one polyoxyalkylene moiety having the formula -(C e H2 e O)f- where subscript e is independently 2, 3, or 4 in each moiety represented by subscript f, and subscript f is from 1 to 700.
  • subscript f is from 1 to 600, such as from 1 to 500, alternatively from 1 to 400, alternatively from 1 to 300, alternatively from 1 to 200, alternatively from 1 to 100, alternatively from 1 to 50, alternatively from 1 to 20, alternatively from 1 to 10.
  • subscript f is at least 2, such that the polyoxyalkylene moiety may comprise one or more oxyalkylene units selected from oxyethylene units (e.g. - (C2H4O)- ), oxypropylene units (e.g. -(C3H0O)- ), and oxybutylene units (e.g. -(C4H3O)-
  • the polyoxyalkylene moiety comprises more than one type of oxyalkylene unit (i.e., is a polyoxyalkylene copolymer)
  • the oxyalkylene units may be arranged in any fashion, such as in block form (e.g. ordered blocks and/or random blocks), randomized form, or combinations thereof.
  • the polyoxyalkylene moiety comprises both oxyethylene and oxypropylene units.
  • the polyoxyalkylene moiety is an oxyethylene-oxypropylene block copolymer.
  • the polyamide moiety has the general formula:
  • B is a polyamide group.
  • B is typically an“A-B” type polyamide group, an“A-A/B-B” type polyamide group, or combinations thereof.
  • A-B type and A-A/B-B type polyamides are known by those of skill in the art, and will be understood to include polyamides comprising any number of carbon atoms in each monomer, and thus also in each repeat unit, if present.
  • General examples of such polyamide groups include the reaction products (e.g. from polymerization, condensation, etc.) of C4-
  • Nylon 61 1 e.g. formed from a Cg diamine and a C-
  • polyamides include Nylon 6 (e.g. polycaproamide), Nylon 66 (e.g. polyhexamethyleneadipamide), Nylon 46 (e.g. polytetramethyleneadipamide), Nylon 610 (e.g. polyhexamethylenesebacamide), Nylon 612 (e.g. polyhexamethylenedodecamide), polyundecaneamide, polydodecaneamide, Nylon 66/6 (e.g.
  • Nylon 6/6T e.g. caproamide/hexamethyleneterephthalamide copolymer
  • Nylon 66/6T e.g. hexamethyleneadipamide/hexamethyleneterephthalamide copolymer
  • Nylon 66/6I e.g. hexamethyleneadipamide/hexamethyleneisophthalamide copolymer
  • Nylon 66/6I/6 e.g. hexamethyleneadipamide/hexamethyleneisophthalamide/caproamide copolymer
  • Nylon 66/6T/6 e.g.
  • Nylon 6T/6I e.g. hexamethyleneterephthalamide/hexamethyleneisophthala mide copolymer
  • Nylon 6T/12 e.g. hexamethyleneterephthalamide/dodecanamide copolymer
  • Nylon 66/6T/6I e.g. hexamethyleneadipamide/hexamethyleneterephthalamide/hexamethyleneisophthalamide copolymer
  • polyxylyleneadipamide hexamethyleneterephthalamide/2-methyl pentamethyleneterephthalamide copolymer
  • Nylon MXD6 e.g.
  • polymetaxylylenediamineadipamide Nylon 9T (e.g. polynonamethyleneterephthalamide), and the like, as well as derivatives, modifications, and combinations thereof.
  • specific polyamides such as those exemplified above, may be formed in various ways and, likewise, that distinct reactions may produce the same polyamide (e.g. when utilizing the same linking groups in the diacid and the diamine).
  • a specific polyamide group e.g.“Nylon 61 1” denotes the nature of a particular structure within the specific polyamide group, but does not describe the substitutions at the ends thereof (e.g. endcaps).
  • exemplary polyamide groups above are not limited in endcap structure, and may be independently bonded directly or indirectly (e.g. via a divalent linking group) to each A’ of the polyamide moiety in a manner consistent with the description of the polyamide moiety and the solid silicone polyamide copolymer herein.
  • the siloxane segment is typically present in the backbone of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, and the polyamide moiety may also be present in the backbone of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer is a copolymer having a backbone comprising both the siloxane segment and the polyamide moiety.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer is an alternating copolymer comprising repeating units of the siloxane segment and the polyamide moiety.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer may be in a block arrangement of segments such as (X’Y’) n ’, X’(Y’ X’) n ’ and Y’(X’Y’) n ’ or a pendant arrangement of segments such as (X’Y’ m ’) n ’ or combinations thereof, wherein each
  • X’ is an independently selected siloxane segment
  • each Y’ is an independently selected polyamide moiety
  • subscript n’ is an integer greater than zero
  • subscript m’ is an integer greater than one.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer has a backbone comprising a moiety (the“backbone moiety) having the general formula [X’Y’] n ’, where X’ is the siloxane segment, Y’ is the polyamide moiety, and subscript n’ is from 1 to 500, such as from 1 to 400, alternatively from 1 to 300, alternatively from 1 to 200, alternatively from 1 to 100.
  • subscript n’ is 2 or more, such as from 2 to 400, alternatively from 2 to 300, alternatively from 5 to 300, alternatively from 10 to 250, alternatively from 20 to 200, or alternatively from 20 to 150.
  • the siloxane segment X’ is an organopolysiloxane comprising repeating D units as described above, such that the backbone moiety of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer has the general formula:
  • each R 7 -R10 is an independently selected substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group; subscript g is from 1 to 700; subscript h is from 1 to 500; and Y is the polyamide moiety. In some such embodiments, subscript h is from 1 to 100, and the polyamide moiety Y has the general formula:
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer is a Nylon-61 1/dimethicone copolymer.
  • the amount of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer present in the emulsion may vary.
  • the emulsion comprises the solid silicone polyamide copolymer in an amount of from greater than 0 to 25 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 15 wt.%, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion comprises the solid silicone polyamide copolymer in an amount of from 0.5 to 25 wt.%, alternatively from 0.5 to 20 wt.%, alternatively from 1 to 15 wt.%, alternatively from 5 to 15 wt.%, alternatively from 5 to 10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer may be present in a specific partition/phase of the emulsion, such as the non-aqueous phase.
  • the non-aqueous phase of the emulsion comprises the solid silicone polyamide copolymer in an amount of from greater than 0 to 90 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 75 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 50 wt.%, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous phase.
  • the non-aqueous of the emulsion comprises the solid silicone polyamide copolymer in an amount of from 1 to 80 wt.%, alternatively from 1 to 75 wt.%, alternatively from 5 to 75 wt.%, alternatively from 10 to 75 wt.%, alternatively from 10 to 70 wt.%, alternatively from 15 to 70 wt.%, alternatively from 20 to 70 wt.%, alternatively from 25 to 65 wt.%, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous phase.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer comprises the siloxane segment and the polyamide moiety.
  • the siloxy units of the siloxane segment impart the solid silicone polyamide copolymer with desirable silicone characteristic properties.
  • the amide groups of the polyamide moiety provide hydrogen bonds (e.g. inter-and intramolecular) in the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, which provide the solid silicone polyamide copolymer with gelling characteristics.
  • the silicone fluid compatibility and hydrogen bonding characteristics of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer may be selected, e.g. based on the intended use of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion comprises a silicone fluid.
  • the silicone fluid is typically a low viscosity and/or volatile siloxane.
  • the silicone fluid is a low viscosity organopolysiloxane, a volatile methyl siloxane, a volatile ethyl siloxane, a volatile methyl ethyl siloxane, or the like, or combinations thereof.
  • the silicone fluid has a viscosity at 25° C in the range of 1 to 1 ,000 mm 2 /sec.
  • the silicone fluid comprises a silicone having the general formula (R ⁇ 1 2 SiO)
  • suitable silicone fluids include hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, dodecamethylpentasiloxane, tetradecamethylhexasiloxane, hexadeamethylheptasiloxane, heptamethyl-3- ⁇ (trimethylsilyl)oxy) ⁇ trisiloxane, hexamethyl-3,3, bis ⁇ (trimethylsilyl)oxy ⁇ trisiloxane pentamethyl ⁇ (trimethylsilyl)oxy ⁇ cyclotrisiloxane as well as polydimethylsiloxanes, polyethylsiloxanes, polymethylethylsiloxanes, polymethylphenylsiloxa
  • the silicone fluid comprises a non-silicone component, which is typically an organic oil and/or including a volatile and/or semi-volatile hydrocarbon, ester, and/or ether.
  • organic fluids include volatile hydrocarbon oils, such as Cg-C-i g alkanes, Cg-C-i g isoalkanes (e.g. isodecane, isododecane, isohexadecane, etc.)
  • Cg-Ci g branched esters e.g. isohexyl neopentanoate, isodecyl neopentanoate, etc.
  • suitable organic fluids include aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols having more than 3 carbon atoms, aldehydes, ketones, amines, esters, ethers, glycols, glycol ethers, alkyl halides and aromatic halides.
  • Hydrocarbons include, isododecane, isohexadecane, Isopar L (C-
  • Ethers and esters include, isodecyl neopentanoate, neopentylglycol heptanoate, glycol distearate, dicaprylyl carbonate, diethylhexyl carbonate, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, ethyl-3 ethoxypropionate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, tridecyl neopentanoate, propylene glycol methylether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol methylether (PGME), octyldodecyl neopentanoate, diisobutyl adipate, diisopropyl adipate, propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, octyl ether, and octyl palmitate.
  • PMEA propylene glycol methylether acetate
  • PGME propylene glycol methylether
  • the amount of the silicone fluid in the emulsion may vary.
  • the emulsion comprises the silicone fluid in an amount of from greater than 0 to 40 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 30 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 20 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 15 wt.%, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
  • the silicone fluid may be present in a specific partition/phase of the emulsion, such as the non- aqueous phase.
  • the non-aqueous phase of the emulsion comprises the silicone fluid in an amount of from greater than 0 to 80 wt.%, alternatively from 5 to 80 wt.%, alternatively from 5 to 70 wt.%, alternatively from 10 to 70 wt.%, alternatively from 10 to 60 wt.%, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous phase.
  • the emulsion comprises a chaotrope.
  • chaotrope refers to a compound capable of depressing the melting temperature of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer.
  • the chaotrope is capable of destabilizing, reducing, and/or preventing the hydrogen bonds (e.g. intra- and/or intermolecular) in the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, and thereby liquefy the solid silicone polyamide copolymer at a temperature below the melting temperature of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer.
  • the chaotrope is capable of liquefying the solid silicone polyamide copolymer at a temperature less than 45 °C, alternatively less than 40 °C, alternatively less than 35 °C, alternatively less than 30 °C. In some embodiments, the chaotrope is capable of liquefying the solid silicone polyamide copolymer at room temperature. The chaotrope liquefies the solid silicone polyamide copolymer without dissolving the solid silicone polyamide copolymer.
  • suitable chaotropes can readily determine suitable chaotropes by combining a potential chaotrope with the solid silicone polyamide copolymer to determine whether satisfactory liquefaction of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer results.
  • the chaotrope is capable of hydrogen bonding with the amide groups of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, and thus comprises a hydrogen bond donor, acceptor, or both.
  • the emulsion comprises a protic chaotrope.
  • the chaotrope comprises, alternatively is, a C -C-
  • the chaotrope comprises at least one, alternatively two or more, alternatively three or more functional groups selected from alcohols, amines, amides, ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, silanols, and the like.
  • protic chaotropes suitable for use in the emulsion have a low molecular weight, e.g. a molecular weight less than 1500, alternatively less than 1250, alternatively less than 100, alternatively less than 750, alternatively less than 500, alternatively less than 250, alternatively less than 200 g/mol.
  • the low molecular weight and the hydrogen bond donor(s) and/or acceptor(s) cooperate to compatibilize such protic chaotropes with water, and thus the aqueous phase of the emulsion.
  • Suitable chaotropes also comprise compatibility with the solid silicone polyamide copolymer and/or the silicone fluid, and thus also comprise an organic and/or silicone compatible moiety. Accordingly, the hydrogen bond donor and/or accepter and the silicone compatible moiety of the chaotrope may be independently selected to tune the affinity and/or compatibility of the chaotrope with the aqueous and/or non-aqueous phase(s) of the emulsion, as will be understood by one of skill in the art. In some embodiments, the chaotrope comprises a higher affinity for the aqueous phase of the emulsion than the non- aqueous phase.
  • the emulsion comprises an aprotic chaotrope, exemplified by ionic liquids, alcohol ethoxylates (e.g. those commercially available under the tradename TERGITOLTM from The Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Ml), PEG-dimethicones, and the like, as well as combinations thereof.
  • aprotic chaotrope exemplified by ionic liquids, alcohol ethoxylates (e.g. those commercially available under the tradename TERGITOLTM from The Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Ml), PEG-dimethicones, and the like, as well as combinations thereof.
  • ionic liquids include anion-cation combinations compatible with water and the solid silicone polyamide copolymer.
  • the anion is selected from alkyl sulfate-based anions, tosylate anions, sulfonate-based anions, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anions, hexafluorophosphate anions, tetrafluoroborate anions, and the like
  • the cation is selected from imidazolium-based cations, pyrrolidinium-based cations, pyridinium-based cations, lithium cation, and the like.
  • the ionic liquids typically include 1 -butyl-1 -methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1 -methyl-1 - propylpyrrolidinium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 3-methyl-1 -propylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-butyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1 -methyl-1 -propylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1 -butyl-3
  • the amount of the chaotrope in the emulsion may vary.
  • the emulsion comprises the chaotrope in an amount of from greater than 0 to 5 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 4 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 3 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
  • the chaotrope may be present in a specific partition/phase of the emulsion, such as the aqueous phase and/or non-aqueous phase.
  • the chaotrope may comprise a higher affinity for the aqueous phase of the emulsion than the non-aqueous phase.
  • the emulsion comprises a relative amount of the chaotrope in the aqueous phase of greater than 85, alternatively greater than 90, alternatively greater than 95, alternatively greater than 98 wt.%, based on the total weight of the chaotrope present in the emulsion.
  • the emulsion comprises a relative amount of the chaotrope in the non-aqueous phase of less than 15, alternatively less than 10, alternatively less than 5, alternatively less than 2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the chaotrope present in the emulsion.
  • the chaotrope may be formulated into the non-aqueous phase of the emulsion, and therefore compose a portion of the non-aqueous phase. More specifically, in some embodiments, the emulsion comprises the chaotrope in an amount of from greater than 0 to 50 wt.%, alternatively from 5 to 50 wt.%, alternatively from 5 to 45 wt.%, alternatively from 10 to 45 wt.%, alternatively from 10 to 40 wt.%, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous phase. [0036] As introduced above, the amounts of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer present in the emulsion may vary.
  • the emulsion comprises the solid silicone polyamide copolymer and the chaotrope in a wt./wt. ratio of from 1 :0.1 to 1 :2, such as from 1 :0.5 to 1 :2, alternatively from 1 :1 to 1 :2, alternatively from 1 :1 .2 to 1 :2, alternatively from 1 :1 .2 to 1 :1 .9, alternatively from 1 :1 .2 to 1 :1 .8, alternatively from 1 :1 .2 to 1 :1 .7, alternatively from 1 :1 .3 to 1 :1 .7.
  • the emulsion comprises an emulsifier.
  • Suitable exemplary emulsifiers may be anionic, cationic, or non-ionic, and include organomodified silicones such as dimethicone copolyol; oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated ethers of glycerol; oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated ethers of fatty alcohols; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol, such as PEG-50 stearate and PEG-40 monostearate; saccharide esters and ethers, such as sucrose stearate, sucrose cocoate, and sorbitan stearate; phosphoric esters and salts thereof, such as DEA oleth-10 phosphate; sulphosuccinates, such as disodium PEG-5 citrate lauryl sulphosuccinate and disodium ricinoleamido MEA sulphosuccinate;
  • the emulsifier comprises a surfactant.
  • the emulsifier may comprise a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, or a zwitterionic surfactant.
  • the emulsifier comprises a nonionic surfactant.
  • nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ethers, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoleates, polyoxyethylene alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethoxylated trimethylnonanols, polyoxyalkylene-substituted silicones (rake or AB n types), silicone alkanolamides, silicone esters, silicone glycosides, and mixtures thereof.
  • nonionic surfactants include: condensates of ethylene oxide with long chain fatty alcohols or fatty acids, such as a C-
  • sorbitol stearate or oleate
  • polyoxyethylenated alkyl e.g. lauryl, cetyl, stearyl or octyl
  • polysorbate 80 sorbitan sesquioleate
  • various fluoro-surfactants and the like, as well as derivatives, modifications, and combinations thereof.
  • the emulsifier comprises an anionic surfactant.
  • anionic surfactants include alkali metal soaps of higher fatty acids, alkylaryl sulphonates such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, long chain fatty alcohol sulphates, olefin sulphates and olefin sulphonates, sulphated monoglycerides, sulphated esters, sulphonated ethoxylated alcohols, sulphosuccinates, alkane sulphonates, phosphate esters, alkyl isethionates, alkyl taurates, and alkyl sarcosinates, carboxylates (sodium 2-(2- hydroxyalkyloxy)acetate)), amino acid derivatives (N-acylglutamates, N-acylgly-cinates or acylsarcosinates), alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether
  • the emulsifier comprises an amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant.
  • amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactants include imidazoline compounds, alkylamino acid salts, betaines, N-alkylamidobetaines, proteins, glycine derivatives, sultaines, alkyl polyaminocarboxylates and alkylamphoacetates, N-acylamino acids (e.g. N-alkylaminoacetate and disodium cocoamphodiacetate), amine oxides (e.g. stearamine oxide), amphoteric silicone surfactants (e.g. dimethicone copolyol phosphates), and the like, as well as derivatives, modifications, and combinations thereof.
  • amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactants include imidazoline compounds, alkylamino acid salts, betaines, N-alkylamidobetaines, proteins, glycine derivative
  • the emulsifier comprises a silicone polyether.
  • silicone polyethers include polydiorganosiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymers, such as those containing at least one polydiorganosiloxane segment and at least one polyoxyalkylene segment.
  • the polydiorganosiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer may be in a block arrangement of segments such as (A”B”)p, A”(B”A”)p and B”(A”B”)p or a pendant arrangement of segments such as (A”B”q)p or combinations thereof, wherein each A” is an independently selected polyoxyalkylene segment, each B” is an independently selected polydiorganosiloxane segment, subscript p is an integer greater than zero, and subscript q is an integer greater than one.
  • the polyoxyalkylene segment(s) may be bonded to the polydiorganosiloxane segment(s) with silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds and/or with silicon- carbon bonds.
  • Each polydiorganosiloxane segment of the polydiorganosiloxane- polyoxyalkylene copolymer may be independently linear or branched and crosslinked or non- crosslinked, and includes siloxane units having the general formula R 1 4 r SiO(4 -r 2 , wherein subscript r is 0, 1 , 2 or 3; and each R 1 4 is independently methyl, ethyl, vinyl, phenyl, or a polyoxyalkylene-bonded divalent group.
  • each polyoxyalkylene segment of the polydiorganosiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer includes a polyether moiety having the formula:
  • each subscript s is independently selected from 2 to 4 in each moiety indicated by subscript t; and subscript t is from 1 to 100.
  • the emulsifier comprises a polydiorganosiloxane- polyoxyalkylene copolymer including at least one silicon-bonded polyether substituent having the formula:
  • the polydiorganosiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer includes a polyether moiety in a backbone of the silicone polyether having the formula
  • the emulsifier comprises a polyalkyleneglycol-dimethicone copolymer. In some such embodiments, the emulsifier comprises a PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone.
  • the amount of the emulsifier in the emulsion may vary.
  • the emulsion comprises the emulsifier in an amount of from greater than 0 to 10 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 9 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 8 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 7 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 6 wt.%, alternatively from greater than 0 to 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion comprises the emulsifier in an amount of from 1 -10, alternatively from 1 -9, alternatively from 2-9, alternatively from 2-8, alternatively from 3-8 wt.%, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion comprises one or more additional components, such as a rheology modifier, a polar organic solvent, a thickener, an inorganic salt (e.g. calcium chloride), a personal care active/ingredient, a fragrance, or combinations thereof.
  • the one or more additional components are selected based on a desired use of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion is formulated for use as a personal care composition and further comprises a personal care ingredient.
  • the specific personal care ingredient, or a mixture of specific personal care ingredients may be selected based on the type of personal care composition the emulsion is being formulated as.
  • the personal care ingredient may be a liquid, a solid, an encapsulated liquid, etc.
  • the personal care ingredient may be utilized as the personal care ingredient.
  • the personal care ingredient encompasses embodiments where the emulsion includes but one or two or more personal care ingredients.
  • the personal care ingredient is an antiperspirant and/or deodorant (AP/DEO) agent.
  • AP/DEO antiperspirant and/or deodorant
  • the emulsion may be referred to as an antiperspirant and/or deodorant (AP/DEO) composition.
  • antiperspirant agents and deodorant agents examples include aluminum chloride, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex GLY, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex PEG, aluminum chlorohydrex, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex PG, aluminum chlorohydrex PEG, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminum chlorohydrex PG, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex GLY, hexachlorophene, benzalkonium chloride, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate, sodium bicarbonate, aluminum sesquichlorohydrex PEG, chlorophyllin-copper complex, triclosan, aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrate, zinc ricinoleate, and mixtures thereof.
  • the personal care ingredient comprises a skin care ingredient.
  • the skin care ingredient is typically selected from water phase stabilizing agents, cosmetic biocides, conditioning agents (which may be silicone, cationic, hydrophobic, etc.), emollients, moisturizers, colorants, dyes, ultraviolet (UV) absorbers, sunscreen agents, antioxidants, fragrances, antimicrobial agents, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, antiaging actives, anti-acne agents, skin-lightening agents, pigments, preservatives, pH controlling agents, electrolytes, chelating agents, plant extracts, botanical extracts, sebum absorbents, sebum control agents, vitamins, waxes, surfactants, detergents, emulsifiers, thickeners, propellant gases, skin protectants, film forming polymers, light scattering agents, and combinations thereof.
  • the emulsion may be referred to as a skin care composition, a cosmetic composition, a sunscreen, a shower gel, a soap, a hydrogel, a cream, a lotion, a balm, foundation, lipstick, eyeliner, a cuticle coat, a blush, etc., based on the particular personal care ingredients utilized.
  • skin care ingredients Various species of such skin care ingredients are set forth below, with similar and alternative species known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • emollients include volatile or non-volatile silicone oils; silicone resins such as polypropylsilsesquioxane and phenyl trimethicone; silicone elastomers such as dimethicone crosspolymer; alkylmethylsiloxanes such as C3Q .
  • alkyl methicone volatile or non-volatile hydrocarbon compounds, such as squalene, paraffin oils, petrolatum oils and naphthalene oils; hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated polyisobutene; isoeicosane; squalane; isoparaffin; isododecane; isodecane or isohexa-decane; branched Cg-C-
  • dextrin palmitate stearates derivatives, diisostearyl malate, isostearyl isostearate and the heptanoates, octanoates, decanoates or ricinoleates of alcohols or of polyalcohols, or mixtures thereof; hydrocarbon oils of plant origin, such as wheatgerm, sunflower, grapeseed, castor, shea, avocado, olive, soybean, sweet almond, palm, rapeseed, cotton seed, hazelnut, macadamia, jojoba, blackcurrant, evening primrose; or triglycerides of caprylic/capric acids; higher fatty acids, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid or linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • hydrocarbon oils of plant origin such as wheatgerm, sunflower, grapeseed, castor, shea, avocado, olive, soybean, sweet almond, palm, rapeseed, cotton seed, hazelnut, macadamia, jojoba
  • waxes examples include hydrocarbon waxes such as beeswax, lanolin wax, rice wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, microcrystalline waxes, paraffins, ozokerite, polyethylene waxes, synthetic wax, ceresin, lanolin, lanolin derivatives, cocoa butter, shellac wax, bran wax, capok wax, sugar cane wax, montan wax, whale wax, bayberry wax, silicone waxes (e.g. polymethylsiloxane alkyls, alkoxys and/or esters, C3Q .
  • hydrocarbon waxes such as beeswax, lanolin wax, rice wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, microcrystalline waxes, paraffins, ozokerite, polyethylene waxes, synthetic wax, ceresin, lanolin, lanolin derivatives, cocoa butter, shellac wax, bran wax, capok wax
  • sugar cane wax montan wax, whale wax, bayberry wax
  • alkyldimethylsilyl polypropylsilsesquioxane stearyl dimethicone
  • alkylmethylsiloxanes including long-chain alkyl groups in alkylmethylsiloxy units, and mixtures thereof.
  • moisturizers include lower molecular weight aliphatic diols such as propylene glycol and butylene glycol; polyols such as glycerine and sorbitol; and polyoxyethylene polymers such as polyethylene glycol 200; hyaluronic acid and its derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
  • thickeners include acrylamide copolymers, acrylate copolymers and salts thereof (such as sodium polyacrylate), xanthan gum and derivatives, cellulose gum and cellulose derivatives (such as methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polypropylhydroxyethylcellulose), starch and starch derivatives (such as hydroxyethylamylose and starch amylase), polyoxyethylene, carbomer, alginates (such as sodium alginate), arabic gum, cassia gum, carob gum, scleroglucan gum, gellan gum, rhamsan gum, karaya gum, carrageenan gum, guar gum and guar gum derivatives, cocamide derivatives (including cocam idopropyl betaine and cocamide MIPA), alkyl alcohols (such as cetearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and other fatty alcohols), gelatin, PEG- derivatives (such as sodium
  • water phase stabilizing agents include electrolytes (e.g. alkali metal salts and alkaline earth salts, especially the chloride, borate, citrate, and sulfate salts of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, as well as aluminum chlorohydrate, and polyelectrolytes, especially hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate), polyols (glycerine, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, and sorbitol), alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, and hydrocolloids, and mixtures thereof.
  • electrolytes e.g. alkali metal salts and alkaline earth salts, especially the chloride, borate, citrate, and sulfate salts of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, as well as aluminum chlorohydrate
  • polyelectrolytes especially hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate
  • polyols glycols
  • alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, and hydrocolloids, and
  • pH controlling agents include any water soluble acid such as a carboxylic acid or a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and phosphoric acid, monocarboxylic acid such as acetic acid and lactic acid, and polycarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, citric acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • Example of preservatives and cosmetic biocides include paraben derivatives (e.g. methylparaben, propylparaben), hydantoin derivatives, chlorhexidine and its derivatives, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, phenoxyethanol, silver derivatives, salicylate derivatives, triclosan, ciclopirox olamine, hexamidine, oxyquinoline and its derivatives, PVP-iodine, zinc salts and derivatives such as zinc pyrithione, methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, and mixtures thereof.
  • paraben derivatives e.g. methylparaben, propylparaben
  • hydantoin derivatives e.g. methylparaben, propylparaben
  • hydantoin derivatives e.g. methylparaben, propylparaben
  • sebum absorbants or sebum control agents include silica silylate, silica dimethyl silylate, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, polymethyl methacrylate, cross-linked methylmethacrylate, aluminum starch octenylsuccinate, and mixtures thereof.
  • pigments and colorants include surface treated or untreated iron oxides, surface treated or untreated titanium dioxide, surface treated or untreated mica, silver oxide, silicates, chromium oxides, carotenoids, carbon black, ultramarines, chlorophyllin derivatives and yellow ocher.
  • organic pigments include aromatic types including azo, indigoid, triphenylmethane, anthraquinone, and xanthine dyes which are designated as D&C and FD&C blues, browns, greens, oranges, reds, yellows, etc, and mixtures thereof.
  • Surface treatments include those treatments based on lecithin, silicone, silanes, fluoro compounds, and mixtures thereof.
  • silicone conditioning agents include silicone oils such as dimethicone; silicone gums such as dimethiconol; silicone resins such as trimethylsiloxy silicate, polypropyl silsesquioxane; silicone elastomers; alkylmethylsiloxanes; organomodified silicone oils, such as amodimethicone, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, trimethyl pentaphenyl trisiloxane, silicone quaternium-16/glycidoxy dimethicone crosspolymer, silicone quaternium-16; saccharide functional siloxanes; carbinol functional siloxanes; silicone polyethers; siloxane copolymers (divinyldimethicone/dimethicone copolymer); acrylate or acrylic functional siloxanes; and mixtures or emulsions thereof.
  • silicone oils such as dimethicone
  • silicone gums such as dimethiconol
  • cationic conditioning agents include guar derivatives such as hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium derivative of guar gum; cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic starch derivatives; quaternary nitrogen derivatives of cellulose ethers; homopolymers of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride; copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride; homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid which contain cationic nitrogen functional groups attached to the polymer by ester or amide linkages; polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a fatty alkyl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide; polycondensation products of N,N'-bis-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-piperazine or piperazine-bis-acrylamide and piperazine; and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and acrylic acid esters with quaternary nitrogen functionality
  • Specific materials include the various polyquats, e.g. Polyquaternium- 7, Polyquaternium-8, Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-1 1 , and Polyquaternium-23.
  • Other categories of conditioners include cationic surfactants such as cetyl trimethylammonium chloride, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
  • the cationic conditioning agent is also hydrophobically modified, such as hydrophobically modified quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose polymers; cationic hydrophobically modified galactomannan ether; and mixtures thereof.
  • hydrophobic conditioning agents include guar derivatives; galactomannan gum derivatives; cellulose derivatives; and mixtures thereof.
  • UV absorbers and sunscreen agents include those which absorb ultraviolet light between 290-320 nanometers (the UV-B region) and those which absorb ultraviolet light in the range of 320-400 nanometers (the UV-A region).
  • sunscreen agents are aminobenzoic acid, cinoxate, diethanolamine methoxycinnamate, digalloyl trioleate, dioxybenzone, ethyl 4- [bis(Hydroxypropyl)] aminobenzoate, glyceryl aminobenzoate, homosalate, lawsone with dihydroxyacetone, menthyl anthranilate, octocrylene, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (or octyl methoxycinnamate), octyl salicylate (or ethylhexyl salicylate), oxybenzone, padimate O, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, red petrolatum, sulisobenzone, titanium dioxide, trolamine salicylate, and mixtures thereof.
  • UV absorbers are acetaminosalol, allatoin PABA, benzalphthalide, benzophenone, benzophenone 1 -12, 3-benzylidene camphor, benzylidenecamphor hydrolyzed collagen sulfonamide, benzylidene camphor sulfonic Acid, benzyl salicylate, bornelone, bumetriozole, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, butyl PABA, ceria/silica, ceria/silica talc, cinoxate, DEA-methoxycinnamate, dibenzoxazol naphthalene, di-t-butyl hydroxybenzylidene camphor, digalloyl trioleate, diisopropyl methyl cinnamate, dimethyl PABA ethyl cetearyldimonium tosylate, dioctyl butamido triazone, diphenyl
  • VA/crotonates/methacryloxybenzophenone-1 copolymer and mixtures thereof.
  • Examples of skin protectants include allantoin, aluminium acetate, aluminium hydroxide, aluminium sulfate, calamine, cocoa butter, cod liver oil, colloidal oatmeal, dimethicone, glycerin, kaolin, lanolin, mineral oil, petrolatum, shark liver oil, sodium bicarbonate, talc, witch hazel, zinc acetate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, and mixtures thereof.
  • dyes include 1 -acetoxy-2-methylnaphthalene; acid dyes; 5-amino-4- chloro-o-cresol; 5-amino-2,6-dimethoxy-3-hydroxypyridine; 3-amino-2,6-dimethylphenol; 2- amino-5-ethylphenol HCI; 5-amino-4-fluoro-2-methylphenol sulfate; 2-amino-4- hydroxyethylaminoanisole; 2-amino-4-hydroxyethylaminoanisole sulfate; 2-amino-5- nitrophenol; 4-amino-2-nitrophenol; 4-amino-3-nitrophenol; 2-amino-4-nitrophenol sulfate; m-aminophenol HCI; p-aminophenol HCI; m-aminophenol; o-aminophenol; 4,6-bis(2- hydroxyethoxy)-m-phenylenediamine HCI; 2,6-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)
  • Isatis tinctoria leaf powder 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate; 2-methoxy-p- phenylenediamine sulfate ; 6-methoxy-2,3-pyridinediamine HCI; 4-methylbenzyl 4,5-diamino pyrazole sulfate; 2,2'-methylenebis 4-aminophenol; 2,2'-methylenebis-4-aminophenol HCI; 3,4-methylenedioxyaniline; 2-methylresorcinol; methylrosanilinium chloride; 1 ,5- naphthalenediol; 1 ,7-naphthalenediol; 3-nitro-p-Cresol; 2-nitro-5-glyceryl methylaniline; 4- nitroguaiacol; 3-nitro-p-hydroxyethylaminophenol; 2-nitro-N-hydroxyethyl-p-anisidine; nitrophenol; 4-nitrophenyl aminoethylurea; 4-nitro-
  • fragrances include perfume ketones and perfume aldehydes.
  • Illustrative of the perfume ketones are buccoxime; iso jasmone; methyl beta naphthyl ketone; musk indanone; tonalid/musk plus; Alpha-Damascone, Beta-Damascone, Delta-Damascone, Iso- Damascone, Damascenone, Damarose, Methyl-Dihydrojasmonate, Menthone, Carvone, Camphor, Fenchone, Alpha-lonone, Beta-lonone, Gamma-Methyl so-called lonone, Fleuramone, Dihydrojasmone, Cis-Jasmone, Iso-E-Super, Methyl-Cedrenyl-ketone or Methyl-Cedrylone, Acetophenone, Methyl-Acetophenone, Para-Methoxy-Acetophenone
  • the fragrance may be derived or extracted from flowers, seeds, leaves, and/or roots of plants, seaweed, etc.
  • the fragrance may be extracted from an animal, e.g. from a secretion gland, and may be a musk or sperm oil.
  • the fragrance may also be artificially synthesized, e.g. menthol, acetate, vanilla, etc.
  • the perfume ketones are selected for odor character from Alpha Damascone, Delta Damascone, Iso Damascone, Carvone, Gamma-Methyl-lonone, Iso-E-Super, 2,4,4,7-Tetramethyl-oct-6-en-3-one, Benzyl Acetone, Beta Damascone, Damascenone, methyl dihydrojasmonate, methyl cedrylone, and mixtures thereof.
  • the perfume aldehyde is selected for odor character from adoxal; anisic aldehyde; cymal; ethyl vanillin; florhydral; helional; heliotropin; hydroxycitronellal; koavone; lauric aldehyde; lyral; methyl nonyl acetaldehyde; P. T.
  • antioxidants are acetyl cysteine, arbutin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid polypeptide, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, BHA, p-hydroxyanisole, BHT, t-butyl hydroquinone, caffeic acid, Camellia sinensis oil, chitosan ascorbate, chitosan glycolate, chitosan salicylate, chlorogenic acids, cysteine, cysteine HCI, decyl mercaptomethylimidazole, erythorbic acid, diamylhydroquinone, di-t-butylhydroquinone, dicetyl thiodipropionate, dicyclopentadiene/t-butylcresol copolymer, digalloyl trioleate, dilauryl thiodipropionate,
  • propellant gases include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, volatile hydrocarbons such as butane, isobutane, or propane, and chlorinated or fluorinated hydrocarbons such as dichlorodifluoromethane and dichlorotetrafluoroethane or dimethylether; and mixtures thereof.
  • the emulsion is a sunscreen.
  • personal care ingredient comprises the sunscreen agent.
  • the sunscreen agent may be, for example, a sunscreen additive, an SPF booster, a photostabilizer, a film-forming polymer, etc.
  • the sunscreen may be also or alternatively be utilized in sunless tanning applications. Specific examples of sunscreen agents are set forth above.
  • the personal care ingredient comprises a hair care ingredient.
  • the emulsion may be referred to as a hair care composition.
  • the hair care ingredient is typically selected from conditioning agents (which may be silicone, cationic, hydrophobic, etc.), colorants, dyes, ultraviolet (UV) absorbers, preservatives, plant extracts, fatty alcohols, vitamins, fragrance, anti-dandruff agents, color care additives, pearlising agents, pH controlling agents, electrolytes, chelating agents, styling agents, ceramides, amino-acid derivatives, suspending agents, surfactants, detergents, emulsifiers, thickeners, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, film-forming polymers, and combinations thereof.
  • conditioning agents which may be silicone, cationic, hydrophobic, etc.
  • colorants dyes
  • UV absorbers ultraviolet absorbers
  • preservatives preservatives
  • plant extracts fatty alcohols
  • vitamins, fragrance, anti-dandruff agents color care additives
  • pearlising agents pH controlling agents,
  • the emulsion may be referred to as a shampoo, a rinse-off conditioner, a leave-in conditioner, a gel, a pomade, a serum, a spray, a coloring product, or mascara.
  • a shampoo a rinse-off conditioner, a leave-in conditioner, a gel, a pomade, a serum, a spray, a coloring product, or mascara.
  • a leave-in conditioner a gel, a pomade, a serum, a spray, a coloring product, or mascara.
  • suitable personal care ingredients are set forth above as suitable personal care ingredients.
  • oxidizing agents are ammonium persulfate, calcium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, magnesium peroxide, melamine peroxide, potassium bromate, potassium caroate, potassium chlorate, potassium persulfate, sodium bromate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium chlorate, sodium iodate, sodium perborate, sodium persulfate, strontium dioxide, strontium peroxide, urea peroxide, zinc peroxide, and mixtures thereof.
  • Examples of reducing agents are ammonium bisufite, ammonium sulfite, ammonium thioglycolate, ammonium thiolactate, cystemaine HCI, cystein, cysteine HCI, ethanolamine thioglycolate, glutathione, glyceryl thioglycolate, glyceryl thioproprionate, hydroquinone, p- hydroxyanisole, isooctyl thioglycolate, magnesium thioglycolate, mercaptopropionic acid, potassium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, potassium thioglycolate, sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium hydroxymethane sulfonate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium thioglycolate, strontium thioglycolate, superoxide dismutase, thioglycerin, thioglycerin,
  • antidandruff agents include pyridinethione salts, selenium compounds such as selenium disulfide, and soluble antidandruff agents, and mixtures thereof.
  • the personal care ingredient comprises a nail care ingredient.
  • the emulsion may be referred to as a nail care composition.
  • the nail care ingredient may be any ingredient utilized in nail care compositions, e.g. nail polishes, nail gels, nail tips, acrylic finishes, etc.
  • nail care ingredients include pigments, resins, solvents, volatile halogenated compounds (e.g. methoxynonafluorobutane and/or ethoxynonafluorobutane), etc.
  • nail care ingredients include butyl acetate; ethyl acetate; nitrocellulose; acetyl tributyl citrate; isopropyl alcohol; adipic acid/neopentyl glycol/trimelitic anhydride copolymer; stearalkonium bentonite; acrylates copolymer; calcium pantothenate; Cetraria islandica extract; Chondrus crispus; styrene/acrylates copolymer; trimethylpentanediyl dibenzoate-1 ; polyvinyl butyral; N-butyl alcohol; propylene glycol; butylene glycol; mica; silica; tin oxide; calcium borosilicate; synthetic fluorphlogopite; polyethylene terephtalate; sorbitan laurate derivatives; talc; jojoba extract; diamond powder; isobutylphenoxy epoxy resin; silk powder; and mixtures thereof
  • the personal care ingredient comprises a tooth care ingredient.
  • the emulsion may be referred to as a tooth care composition.
  • a tooth care composition is toothpaste.
  • Another example of a tooth care composition is a tooth whitening composition.
  • the tooth care ingredient may be any tooth care ingredient suitable for the tooth care composition, such as an abrasive compound (e.g. aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, silica, zeolite), a fluoride compound, a surfactant, a flavorant, a remineralizer, an antibacterial agent, etc.
  • an abrasive compound e.g. aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, silica, zeolite
  • fluoride compound e.g. aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, silica, zeolite
  • a fluoride compound e.g. aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, silica, zeolite
  • a fluoride compound e.g. aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, si
  • the personal care ingredient comprises a film-forming polymer, which may be utilized as the personal care ingredient whether the emulsion is utilized for skin care, hair care, etc.
  • Film-forming polymer means a polymer or oligomer which is capable of, by itself or optionally in the presence of a film-forming agent, forming a film on a substrate.
  • the film-forming polymer may form the film upon an application of a curing condition, e.g. the application of heat, exposure to atmospheric conditions, etc.
  • the film-forming polymer may form the film upon evaporation of any carrier vehicle in which the film-forming polymer may optionally be disposed.
  • the film-forming polymer may undergo a reaction, e.g. the film-forming polymer may become cross-linked or otherwise include additional bonds, when forming the film. However, the film-forming polymer may form the film in the absence of such a reaction.
  • the film-forming polymer may be a gelling agent.
  • the film-forming polymer is particularly advantageous when the emulsion is the sunscreen, although the personal care ingredient may comprise the film-forming polymer in other compositions as well.
  • the substrate on which the film is formed may be any substrate, although the substrate is generally a portion of a mammal, particularly a human, as described in greater detail below with reference to the treatment method. Specific examples of suitable substrates include skin, hair, and nails.
  • the film is continuous, although the film may have a varying thickness. By continuous, it is meant that the film does not define any apertures.
  • the film may be referred to as being macroscopically continuous.
  • the film may be supported by the substrate, or may be bonded, e.g. physically and/or chemically, to the substrate.
  • the film is optionally removable from the substrate, e.g. the film may be peelable from the substrate.
  • the film may remain intact as a free-standing film upon being separated from the substrate or may be separated through application of shear, which may damage and/or destroy continuity of the film.
  • film-forming polymers that are suitable include acrylic polymers, silicone resins (e.g. polypropylsilsesquioxane), polyurethanes, polyurethane-acrylics, polyesters, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethanes, polyesteramides, alkyds, polyamides, polyureas, polyurea-polyurethanes, cellulose-based polymers (e.g. nitrocellulose), silicones, acrylic-silicones, polyacrylamides, fluoropolymers, polyisoprenes, and any copolymers or terpolymers thereof or including one of these.
  • silicone resins e.g. polypropylsilsesquioxane
  • polyurethanes polyurethane-acrylics
  • polyesters polyester-polyurethanes
  • polyether-polyurethanes polyesteramides
  • alkyds alkyds
  • polyamides polyureas
  • silicones as used herein with reference to suitable film-forming polymers, includes linear, branched, and resinous silicones, although resinous silicones are generally referred to as silicone resins rather than polymers.
  • the silicone may be modified, e.g. the silicone may be a silicone-grafted acrylic polymer.
  • the film-forming polymer may be disposed in a carrier vehicle, which may partially or fully solubilize the film-forming polymer.
  • the carrier vehicle may be, for example, an oil, e.g. an organic oil and/or a silicone oil, a solvent, water, etc.
  • the film-forming polymer may be in the form of polymer particles, which are optionally surface-stabilized with at least one stabilizer, and the polymer particles may be present as a dispersion or emulsion.
  • the film-forming polymer may be a block polymer, which may be styrene-free.
  • the block polymer comprises at least one first block and at least one second block, which may be linked together via an intermediate block comprising at least one constituent monomer of the first block and at least one constituent monomer of the second block.
  • the glass transition temperatures of the first and second blocks are different from one another.
  • Monomers that may be utilized to prepare the block polymer include, for example, methyl methacrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate and isobornyl (meth)acrylate, methyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, cyclodecyl acrylate, neopentyl acrylate, isodecylacrylamide 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and mixtures thereof.
  • the film-forming polymer be obtained or generated via free- radical polymerization.
  • the film-forming polymer may be generated via free- radical polymerization of at least one acrylic monomer and at least one silicone- or hydrocarbon-based macromonomer including a polymerizable end group.
  • hydrocarbon-based macromonomers include homopolymers and copolymers of linear or branched Cg-C22 alkyl acrylate or methacrylate.
  • the polymerizable end group may be a vinyl group or a (meth)acrylate group, e.g. poly(2- ethylhexyl acrylate) macromonomers; poly(dodecyl acrylate) or poly(dodecyl methacrylate) macromonomers; poly(stearyl acrylate) or poly(stearyl methacrylate) macromonomers, etc.
  • Such macromonomers generally include one (meth)acrylate group as the polymerizable end group.
  • hydrocarbon-based macromonomers include polyolefins containing an ethylenically unsaturated end group (as the polymerizable end group), e.g. a (meth)acrylate end group.
  • polyolefins include polyethylene macromonomers, polypropylene macromonomers, polyethylene/polypropylene copolymer macromonomers, polyethylene/polybutylene copolymer macromonomers, polyisobutylene macromonomers; polybutadiene macromonomers; polyisoprene macromonomers; polybutadiene macromonomers; and poly (ethylene/butylene)-polyisoprene macromonomers .
  • silicone-based macromonomers include organopolysiloxanes containing the polymerizable end group, e.g. a (meth)acrylate end group.
  • the organopolysiloxane may be linear, branched, partially branched, or resinous. In various embodiments, the organopolysiloxane is linear. In these embodiments, the organopolysiloxane may be polydimethylsiloxane, although hydrocarbon groups other than methyl groups may be present therein along with or in lieu of methyl groups.
  • the polymerizable end group is terminal, although the polymerizable end group may optionally be pendant.
  • One specific example of a silicone-based macromonomer is a monomethacryloxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane.
  • the film-forming polymer is an organic film-forming polymer that is soluble in oil as the carrier vehicle.
  • the film-forming polymer may be referred to as a liposoluble polymer.
  • the liposoluble polymer may be of any type and specific examples thereof include those comprising or formed from olefins, cycloolefins, butadiene, isoprene, styrene, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, vinyl amides, (meth)acrylic acid esters or amides, etc.
  • the liposoluble polymer is formed from monomers selected from the group consisting of isooctyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, isopentyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, methyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, and combinations thereof.
  • the liposoluble polymer may be an acrylic-silicone grafted polymer, which typically includes a silicone backbone and acrylic grafts or alternatively includes an acrylic backbone and silicone grafts.
  • the film-forming polymer may be halogenated, e.g. the film-forming polymer may include fluorine atoms.
  • the film-forming polymer may be a cellulose-based polymer, such as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetobutyrate, cellulose acetopropionate or ethylcellulose.
  • the film-forming polymer may comprise a polyurethane, an acrylic polymer, a vinyl polymer, a polyvinyl butyral, an alkyd resin, or resins derived from aldehyde condensation products, such as arylsulfonamide-formaldehyde resins.
  • the film-forming polymer may comprise the silicone, which may be linear, branched, or resinous.
  • Resinous silicones generally include at least one T and/or Q unit, as understood in the art. Examples of resinous silicones include silsesquioxanes.
  • the silicone may include any combination of M, D, T, and Q units so long as the silicone constitutes the film-forming polymer.
  • the film-forming polymer may comprise an amphiphilic silicone.
  • Amphiphilic silicones typically contain a silicone portion which is compatible with a silicone medium, and a hydrophilic portion.
  • the hydrophilic portion may be, for example, the residue of a compound selected from alcohols and polyols, having 1 to 12 hydroxyl groups, and polyoxyalkylenes (e.g. those containing oxypropylene units and/or oxyethylene units).
  • the amphiphilic silicone may be an oil with or without gelling activity. Oils of this kind may comprise, for example, dimethicone copolyols, bis-hydroxyethoxypropyl dimethicone, etc.
  • the film-forming polymer comprises a silicone organic elastomer gel.
  • Silicone organic elastomer gels comprise linear organopolysiloxane chains crosslinked via polyoxyalkylenes.
  • the silicone organic elastomer gel may further include hydrophilic polyether functionality pending from the linear organopolysiloxane chains.
  • suitable silicone organic elastomer gels are disclosed in International (PCT) Appln. No. PCT/US2010/0201 10, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • the film forming polymer may be present in the emulsion in various amounts, e.g. from greater than 0 to less than 100, alternatively from 0.1 to 60, alternatively from 0.1 to 50 percent by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion. Combinations of different types of film-forming polymers may be utilized.
  • the personal care ingredient may comprise or be referred to as a personal care active, a health care active, or combination thereof (collectively“active” or“actives”).
  • a“personal care active” means any compound or mixtures of compounds that are known in the art as additives in personal care formulations, typically for providing a cosmetic and/or aesthetic benefit.
  • A“healthcare active” means any compound or mixtures of compounds that are known in the art to provide a pharmaceutical or medical benefit.
  • “healthcare active” includes materials considered as an active ingredient or active drug ingredient as generally used and defined by the United States Department of Health & Human Services Food and Drug Administration, contained in Title 21 , Chapter I, of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 200-299 and Parts 300-499.
  • These personal care actives and health care actives may constitute the personal care ingredient whether the personal care ingredient is utilized to form, for example, the AP/DEO composition, the skin care composition, the hair care composition, the nail care composition, and/or the tooth care composition.
  • the same personal care ingredient may be utilized to form either the hair care composition or the skin care composition.
  • at least some of the personal care actives described below are species of certain personal care ingredients introduced above with respect to the skin care composition, the hair care composition, the nail care composition, and the tooth care composition, respectively.
  • numerous species of plant or vegetable extracts are described below, which are exemplary examples of plant extracts set forth above as suitable personal care ingredients.
  • the active ingredients or actives described below may constitute the personal care ingredient of the emulsion or may be utilized in combination therewith.
  • Useful active ingredients for use in the emulsion include vitamins and vitamin derivatives, including“pro-vitamins”.
  • Vitamins useful herein include, but are not limited to, Vitamin A1 , retinol, C2-C1 8 esters of retinol, vitamin E, tocopherol, esters of vitamin E, and mixtures thereof.
  • Retinol includes trans-retinol, 1 , 3-cis-retinol, 1 1 -cis-retinol, 9-cis-retinol, and 3,4-didehydro-retinol, Vitamin C and its derivatives, Vitamin B1 , Vitamin B2, Pro Vitamin B5, panthenol, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, niacin, folic acid, biotin, and pantothenic acid.
  • vitamins and the INCI names for the vitamins considered included herein are ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, ascorbyl glucocide, sodium ascorbyl phosphate, sodium ascorbate, disodium ascorbyl sulfate, potassium (ascorbyl/tocopheryl) phosphate.
  • retinol all trans retinoic acid and derivatives, isomers and analogs thereof, are collectively termed "retinoids”.
  • RETINOL is an International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient Name (INCI) designated by The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA), Washington DC, for vitamin A.
  • CTFA Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association
  • Other suitable vitamins and the INCI names for the vitamins considered included herein are RETINYL ACETATE, RETINYL PALMITATE, RETINYL PROPIONATE, oc-TOCOPHEROL, TOCOPHERSOLAN, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, TOCOPHERYL LINOLEATE, TOCOPHERYL NICOTINATE, and TOCOPHERYL SUCCINATE.
  • Vitamin A Acetate and Vitamin C both products of Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland; COVI-OX T-50, a vitamin E product of Henkel Corporation, La Grange, Illinois; COVI-OX T- 70, another vitamin E product of Henkel Corporation, La Grange, Illinois; and vitamin E Acetate, a product of Roche Vitamins & Fine Chemicals, Nutley, New Jersey.
  • the active can be a protein, such as an enzyme.
  • Enzymes include, but are not limited to, commercially available types, improved types, recombinant types, wild types, variants not found in nature, and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable enzymes include hydrolases, cutinases, oxidases, transferases, reductases, hemicellulases, esterases, isomerases, pectinases, lactases, peroxidases, laccases, catalases, and mixtures thereof.
  • Hydrolases include, but are not limited to, proteases (bacterial, fungal, acid, neutral or alkaline), amylases (alpha or beta), lipases, mannanases, cellulases, collagenases, lisozymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and mixtures thereof.
  • Protease include, but are not limited to, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, pancreatin and other mammalian enzymes; papain, bromelain and other botanical enzymes; subtilisin, epidermin, nisin, naringinase(L- rhammnosidase) urokinase and other bacterial enzymes.
  • Lipase include, but are not limited to, triacyl-glycerol lipases, monoacyl-glycerol lipases, lipoprotein lipases, e.g. steapsin, erepsin, pepsin, other mammalian, botanical, bacterial lipases and purified ones.
  • natural papain is utilized as the enzyme.
  • stimulating hormones e.g. insulin
  • the active may also be one or more plant or vegetable extract.
  • Ashitaba extract avocado extract, hydrangea extract, Althea extract, Arnica extract, aloe extract, apricot extract, apricot kernel extract, Ginkgo Biloba extract, fennel extract, turmeric[Curciima] extract, oolong tea extract, rose fruit extract, Echinacea extract, Scutellaria root extract, Phellodendro bark extract, Japanese Coptis extract, Barley extract, Hyperium extract, White Nettle extract, Watercress extract, Orange extract, Dehydrated saltwater, seaweed extract, hydrolyzed elastin, hydrolyzed wheat powder, hydrolyzed silk, Chamomile extract, Carrot extract, Artemisia extract, Glycyrrhiza extract, hibiscustea extract, Pyracantha Fortuneana Fruit extract, Kiwi extract, Cinchona extract, cucumber extract, guanocine, Gardenia extract, Sasa Albo-marginata extract, Sophora root extract, Walnut extract, Grapefruit extract, C
  • the emulsion may include an antiparasite agent.
  • the antiparasite agent can be of any type. Examples of antiparasite agents include, but are not limited to, hexachlorobenzene, carbamate, naturally occurring pyrethroids, permethrin, allethrin, malathion, piperonyl butoxide, and combinations thereof.
  • the emulsion may include an antimicrobial agent, also referred to as germicidal agent.
  • the antimicrobial agent can be of any type. Examples of antimicrobial agents include, but are not limited to, phenols, including cresols and resorcinols. Such compositions may be used to treat infections of the skin.
  • An example of a very common skin infection is acne, which involve infestation of the sebaceous gland with p. acnes, as well as Staphylococus aurus or Pseudomonas.
  • useful antiacne actives include the keratolytics such as salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid), derivatives of salicylic acid such as 5-octanoyl salicylic acid, and resorcinol; retinoids such as retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g.
  • sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts particularly their N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which is N-acetyl-L-cysteine; lipoic acid; antibiotics and antimicrobials such as benzoyl peroxide, octopirox, tetracycline, 2,4,4'- trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorobanilide, azelaic acid and its derivatives, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, ethyl acetate, clindamycin and meclocycline; sebostats such as flavonoids; and bile salts such as scymnol sulfate and its derivatives, deoxycholate and cholate; parachlorometaxylenol; and combinations thereof.
  • N-acetyl derivatives particularly their N-acetyl derivatives,
  • Phenols in concentrations of, for example, 0.2, 1 .0, and 1 .3, % by weight, are generally bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and fungicidal, respectively.
  • Several phenol derivatives are more potent than phenol itself, and the most important among these are the halogenated phenols and bis-phenols, the alkyl-substituted phenols and the resorcinols.
  • Hydrophobic antibacterials include triclosan, triclocarbon, eucalyptol, menthol, methylsalicylate, thymol, and combinations thereof.
  • the emulsion may include an antifungal agent.
  • the antifungal agent can be of any type. Examples of antifungal agents include, but are not limited to, azoles, diazoles, triazoles, miconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, itraconazole griseofulvin, ciclopirox, amorolfine, terbinafine, Amphotericin B, potassium iodide, flucytosine (5FC) and combinations thereof.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,352,808 discloses 3-aralkyloxy-2, 3-dihydro-2-(1 H- imidazolylmethyl)benzo[b]thiophene compounds having antifungal and antibacterial activity, which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the emulsion may include a steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
  • the steroidal anti inflammatory agent can be of any type.
  • steroidal anti-inflammatory agents include, but are not limited to, corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone, hydroxyltriamcinolone alphamethyl dexamethasone, dexamethasone-phosphate, beclomethasone dipropionate, clobetasol valerate, desonide, desoxymethasone, desoxycorticosterone acetate, dexamethasone, dichlorisone, diflorasone diacetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluadrenolone, fluclarolone acetonide, fludrocortisone, flumethasone pivalate, fluosinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, flucortine butylester, fluocortolone, fluprednidene (fluprednylidene)acetate,
  • Topical antihistaminic preparations currently available include 1 percent and 2 percent diphenhydramine (Benadryl® and Caladryl®), 5 percent doxepin (Zonalon®) cream, phrilamine maleate, chlorpheniramine and tripelennamine, phenothiazines, promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan®) and dimethindene maleate. These drugs, as well as additional antihistamines can also be included in the emulsion. Additionally, so-called "natural" anti inflammatory agents may be useful.
  • candelilla wax, alpha bisabolol, aloe vera, Manjistha (extracted from plants in the genus Rubia, particularly Rubia cordifolia), and Guggal (extracted from plants in the genus Commiphora, particularly Commiphora mukul, may be used as an active in the emulsion.
  • the emulsion may include a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
  • NSAID can be of any type. Examples of NSAIDs include, but are not limited to, the following NSAID categories: propionic to acid derivatives; acetic acid derivatives; fenamic acid derivatives; biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives; and oxicams. Such NSAIDs are described in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,985,459, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • acetyl salicylic acid ibuprofen, naproxen, benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, indoprofen, pirprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin, pranoprofen, mniroprofen, tioxaprofen, suprofen, alminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen, bucloxic acid, and combinations thereof.
  • the emulsion may include an antioxidant/radical scavenger.
  • the antioxidant can be of any type. Examples of antioxidants include, but are not limited to, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and its salts, tocopherol (vitamin E), and its derivatives such as tocopherol sorbate, other esters of tocopherol, butylated hydroxy benzoic acids and their salts, 6-hydroxy-2, 5,7,8- tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (commercially available under the trade name Trolox®), gallic acid and its alkyl esters, especially propyl gallate, uric acid and its salts and alkyl esters, sorbic acid and its salts, the ascorbyl esters of fatty acids, amines (e.g.
  • N,N- diethylhydroxylamine, amino-guanidine), sulfhydryl compounds (e.g. glutathione), and dihydroxy fumaric acid and its salts may be used, as well as EDTA, BHT and the like, and combinations thereof.
  • the emulsion may include an antibiotic.
  • the antibiotic can be of any type. Examples of antibiotics include, but are not limited to, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, synthetic and semi-synthesic penicillins, beta-lactames, quinolones, fluoroquinolnes, macrolide antibiotics, peptide antibiotics, cyclosporines, erythromycin, clindamycin, and combinations thereof.
  • the emulsion may include a topical anesthetic.
  • the topical anesthetic can be of any type. Examples of topical anesthetics include, but are not limited to, benzocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, chlorprocaine, dibucaine, etidocaine, mepivacaine, tetracaine, dyclonine, hexylcaine, procaine, cocaine, ketamine, pramoxine, phenol, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and combinations thereof.
  • the emulsion may include an anti-viral agent.
  • the anti-viral agent can be of any type.
  • anti-viral agents include, but are not limited to, proteins, polypeptides, peptides, fusion protein antibodies, nucleic acid molecules, organic molecules, inorganic molecules, and small molecules that inhibit or reduce the attachment of a virus to its receptor, the internalization of a virus into a cell, the replication of a virus, or release of virus from a cell.
  • anti-viral agents include, but are not limited to, nucleoside analogs (e.g.
  • zidovudine zidovudine, acyclovir, acyclovir prodrugs, famciclovir, gangcyclovir, vidarabine, idoxuridine, trifluridine, and ribavirin), n-docosanoll foscarnet, amantadine, rimantadine, saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, idoxuridine alpha-interferons and other interferons, AZT, and combinations thereof.
  • analgesic agents are known in the art and are colloquially referred to as painkillers.
  • the analgesic agent may be selected from any known analgesic agents, and specific examples thereof include paracetamol (acetaminophen), morphine, codeine, heroine, methadone, thebaine, orpiarine, buprenorphine, morphinans, benzomorphans, acetaminophen, butorphanol, diflunisal, fenoprofen, fentanyl, fentanyl citrate, hydrocodone, aspirin, sodium salicylate, ibuprofen, oxymorphone, pentaxicine, naproxen, nalbuphine, mefenamic acid, meperidine and dihydroergotamine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, such as salicylates, and opioid agents, such as morphine and oxyco
  • Antihypertensive agents are known in the art for treating or reducing hypertension, i.e., high blood pressure.
  • the antihypertensive agent may be selected from any known antihypertensive agents, and specific examples thereof include diuretics, adrenergic receptor antagonists (e.g. beta blockers), benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, renin inhibitors, etc.
  • a typical narcotic antagonist is haloxone.
  • exemplary antitussive agents include, without limitation, diphenhydramine, guaifenesin, hydromorphone, ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, theophylline, codeine, noscapine, levopropoxyphene, carbetapentane, chlorpehndianol and benzonatate.
  • sedatives which may be utilized are, without limitation, chloral hydrate, butabarbital, alprazolam, amobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, mephobarbital, secobarbital, diphenhydramine, ethinamate, flurazepam, halazepam, haloperidol, prochlorperazine, oxazepam, and talbutal.
  • cardiac drugs are, without limitation, quinidine, propranolol, nifedipine, procaine, dobutamine, digitoxin, phenyloin, sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, verapamil HCI, digoxin, nicardipine HCI, and isosorbide dinitrate.
  • Antiemetics are illustrated by, without limitation, thiethylperazine, metoclopramide, cyclizine, meclizine, prochlorperazine, doxylamine succinate, promethazine, triflupromazine, and hydroxyzine.
  • a typical dopamine receptor agonist is bromocriptine mesylate.
  • Exemplary amino acid, peptide and protein hormones include, without limitation, thyroxine, growth hormone (GH), interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyrotropic hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) such as leuprolide acetate, vasopressin and their active degradation products
  • Female sex hormones that can be used include, without limitations, estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, conjugated estrogens, estrone, norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone, progesterone, and norgestrel.
  • Typical male sex hormones that may be utilized may be represented by, without limitation, testosterone, methyltestosterone, and fluoxymesterone.
  • the emulsion can include the personal care ingredient in various amounts.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art can readily select an appropriate amount based on want or need. Further, one of ordinary skill in the art readily understands how to select at least one of the personal care ingredients for preparing the emulsion in view of the desired application/function thereof. For example, the relative amounts of the components of the emulsion are contingent on the presence or absence of various optional components, along with the desired properties of the emulsion and its end use. One of skill in the art readily understands how to optimize relative amounts of these components.
  • the emulsion may further include a filler.
  • fillers include talc, micas, kaolin, zinc or titanium oxides, calcium or magnesium carbonates, magnesium hydrogen carbonate, hydroxyapatite, silica, silica silylate, starch, lauroyllysine, titanium dioxide, glass or ceramic beads, polymethylmethacrylate beads, boron nitride, aluminum silicate, aluminum starch octenylsuccinate, bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, nylon, silk powder metal soaps derived from carboxylic acids having 8-22 carbon atoms (e.g.
  • non-expanded synthetic polymer powders e.g. polyethylene powder, tetrafluoroethylene powder, polyamide powder, PMMA powder, polyurethane powder, etc.
  • expanded powders and powders from natural organic compounds such as cereal starches, which may or may not be crosslinked, copolymer microspheres (which may be hollow), polytrap, silicone resin microbeads, and mixtures thereof.
  • the fillers may be surface treated to modify affinity or compatibility with remaining components.
  • the filler may independently have any form, e.g.
  • the filler may independently be platelet-shaped, spherical or oblong, irrespective of the crystallographic form (for example lamellar, cubic, hexagonal, orthorhombic, etc.).
  • the filler may also be considered as and encompasses "fibers".
  • a method of preparing the emulsion includes (I) combining the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, the silicone fluid, and the chaotrope to give a liquid silicone composition.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, the silicone fluid, and the chaotrope may be combined in any order, optionally under shear or mixing.
  • the chaotrope and the silicone fluid are combined together prior to being combined with the solid silicone polyamide copolymer.
  • the emulsifier is also combined with the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, the silicone fluid, and the chaotrope to form the liquid silicone composition. Parameters associated with conditions under which these components are combined (e.g. temperature, pressure, etc.) may also be controlled. However, the method may be carried out at ambient conditions.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, the silicone fluid, and the chaotrope are combined together at a temperature less than 45 °C (i.e., cold-processed). In some embodiments, the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, the silicone fluid, and the chaotrope are combined together at a temperature less than 40 °C, alternatively less than 35 °C, alternatively less than 30 °C. In specific embodiments, the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, the silicone fluid, and the chaotrope are combined together at ambient temperature. [00129] As described above, the chaotrope is capable of liquefying the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, without solvating the same.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer is typically a solid when combined with the chaotrope, and liquefies during the formation of the liquid silicone composition.
  • the combination of the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, the silicone fluid, and the chaotrope is mixed to form the liquid silicone composition.
  • the method also includes (II) combining and shearing the liquid silicone composition, the emulsifier, and water, thereby preparing the emulsion.
  • the solid silicone polyamide copolymer, the silicone fluid, and the chaotrope may be combined in any order, optionally under shear or mixing. However, understood by one of skill in the art, the order of addition may influence the nature of the emulsion (e.g. whether an oil/silicone-in-water, or a water-in-oil/silicone emulsion).
  • the emulsifier and the liquid silicone composition are combined to form a non-aqueous composition, and the water subsequently added to the non-aqueous composition under shear/mixing to prepare the emulsion as a water-in-oil/silicone emulsion.
  • the emulsifier is combined with the other non-aqueous components to form the liquid silicone composition.
  • the water is added to the liquid silicone composition directly (i.e., the liquid silicone composition takes the place of the non-aqueous composition) to prepare the emulsion.
  • the emulsion is typically a colloid comprising the aqueous phase as an internal phase and the non-aqueous phase as an external phase. More specifically, in accordance with the embodiments described above, the solid silicone polyamide copolymer acts as a gellant/structurant in the prepared emulsion. In certain embodiments, the emulsion is a gel. In some such embodiments, the emulsion is substantially optically transparent.
  • the emulsion comprises a high viscosity under static shear.
  • the emulsion comprises a viscosity of from 3 100 to ⁇ 600 Pa * s at 25 °C and a shear rate of from 3 2/s to ⁇ 8/s.
  • the emulsion comprises a viscosity of greater than 1000, alternatively greater than 1 100, alternatively greater than 1200, alternatively greater than 1300 Pa-s at 25 °C and shear rate of 0.2/s.
  • the emulsion comprises a viscosity of greater than 500, alternatively greater than 600, alternatively greater than 700, alternatively greater than 800, alternatively greater than 900 Pa-s at 25 °C and a shear rate of 0.5/s. In these or other embodiments, the emulsion comprises a viscosity of greater than 250, alternatively greater than 300, alternatively greater than 350, alternatively greater than 400, alternatively greater than 450 Pa-s at 25 °C and a shear rate of 1/s.
  • the emulsion comprises a viscosity of greater than 100, alternatively greater than 125, alternatively greater than 150, alternatively greater than 175, alternatively greater than 200 Pa-s at 25 °C and a shear rate of 5/s.
  • the emulsion also comprises a high viscosity under dynamic shear.
  • the emulsion comprises a viscosity of from3 3000 to ⁇ 5000 Pa-s at 25 °C upon application of a shear stress of from 3 0 to ⁇ 500 Pa. More specifically, in some embodiments, the emulsion comprises a viscosity of greater than 1000, alternatively greater than 2000, alternatively greater than 2500, alternatively greater than 3000, alternatively greater than 3500, alternatively greater than 4000 Pa-s at 25 °C upon application of a shear stress of 10 Pa.
  • the emulsion comprises a viscosity of greater than 100, alternatively greater than 500, alternatively greater than 1000, alternatively greater than 1500, alternatively greater than 2000, alternatively greater than 2500, alternatively greater than 3000, alternatively greater than 3500, alternatively greater than 4000 Pa-s at 25 °C upon application of a shear stress of 100 Pa.
  • the emulsion comprises a viscosity of greater than 100 Pa-s at 25 °C upon application of a shear stress of 200, alternatively 300, alternatively 400, alternatively 500, alternatively 600, alternatively 700, alternatively 800 Pa.
  • the emulsion comprises a viscosity of greater than 1000 Pa-s at 25 °C upon application of a shear stress of 200, alternatively 300, alternatively 400, alternatively 500, alternatively 600 Pa.
  • the emulsion may include various additives (e.g. those added during preparation of the emulsion), such that the emulsion itself functions as an end-use composition.
  • the emulsion may also be combined with various additional components (e.g. after its preparation), such as those described above, and thus formulated into various end-use compositions, such as a personal care compositions.
  • Such compositions may be of any form, such as a cream, gel, powder, paste, or freely pourable liquid.
  • Compositions comprising or formed from the emulsion of the present disclosure may exhibit improved application and cosmetic properties (including reduced tackiness and stickiness), and improved clarity/low residue properties.
  • the emulsion is itself a personal care composition, or may be formulated into a personal care composition.
  • the personal care composition may be formulated to be cosmetic, therapeutic, functional with respect to a portion of a body to which the personal care composition is applied, or some combinations thereof.
  • Examples of personal care compositions include antiperspirants and deodorants, skin care creams, skin care lotions, moisturizers, facial treatments (e.g.
  • acne or wrinkle removers personal and facial cleansers, bath oils, perfumes, colognes, sachets, sunscreens, pre-shave and after-shave lotions, shaving soaps and lathers, shampoos, conditioners, hair colorants, hair relaxants, hair sprays, mousses, hair gels, permanents, depilatories, cuticle coats, make-ups, color cosmetics, foundations, concealers, blushes, lipsticks, eyeliners, mascara, oil removers, color cosmetic removers, and medicament creams, pastes or sprays (e.g.
  • the personal care composition comprising the emulsion is formulated with a carrier that permits application in a conventional form, such as a liquid, rinse, lotion, cream, paste, gel, foam, mousse, ointment, spray, aerosol, soap, stick, soft solid, or solid gel, e.g. depending on the intended use.
  • a suitable carrier for formulating the personal care composition is readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and may be selected from those carriers exemplified herein.
  • the personal care composition may be in any form, either liquid or non-liquid (semi solid, soft solid, solid, etc.).
  • the personal care composition may be a paste, a solid, a gel, or a cream.
  • the personal care composition formed from the emulsion may itself be an emulsion, such as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, a multiple emulsion, such as an oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion or a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion, or a solid, rigid or supple gel, including anhydrous gels.
  • the personal care composition can also be in a form chosen from a translucent anhydrous gel and a transparent anhydrous gel.
  • the personal care composition may, for example, comprise an external or continuous fatty phase.
  • the personal care composition may be anhydrous.
  • the personal care composition can be a molded composition or cast as a stick or a dish.
  • the personal care composition comprising the emulsion is a molded poured stick.
  • the personal care composition (e.g. in stick form) may behave as deformable, flexible elastic solid, having increased elastic softness on application.
  • the personal care composition comprising the emulsion can be used by any method, such as via application to a human body (e.g. skin or hair) by hand or with an applicator (e.g. a brush or sprayer).
  • a human body e.g. skin or hair
  • an applicator e.g. a brush or sprayer
  • the personal care composition may be intended to be removed after such application, e.g. by washing, wiping, peeling, and the like, or combinations thereof.
  • the emulsion is a coating composition, or may be formulated into a coating composition.
  • coating compositions are typically utilized to provide a continuous protective coating on a substrate by applying the coating composition to a surface of the substrate.
  • substrates include organic or inorganic components, and may include household materials such as leathers, papers, woods, metals, plastics, fabrics, paints, and the like.
  • the coating compositions may also be suitable for use in other applications as well, e.g. as a protective and/or decorative coating, as a component in a paint, etc.
  • any ranges and subranges relied upon in describing various embodiments of the present invention independently and collectively fall within the scope of the appended claims, and are understood to describe and contemplate all ranges including whole and/or fractional values therein, even if such values are not expressly written herein.
  • One of skill in the art readily recognizes that the enumerated ranges and subranges sufficiently describe and enable various embodiments of the present invention, and such ranges and subranges may be further delineated into relevant halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, and so on.
  • a range“of from 0.1 to 0.9” may be further delineated into a lower third, i.e., from 0.1 to 0.3, a middle third, i.e., from 0.4 to 0.6, and an upper third, i.e., from 0.7 to 0.9, which individually and collectively are within the scope of the appended claims, and may be relied upon individually and/or collectively and provide adequate support for specific embodiments within the scope of the appended claims.
  • a range“at least,”“greater than,”“less than,”“no more than,” and the like it is to be understood that such language includes subranges and/or an upper or lower limit.
  • a range of“at least 10” inherently includes a subrange of from at least 10 to 35, a subrange of from at least 10 to 25, a subrange of from 25 to 35, and so on, and each subrange may be relied upon individually and/or collectively and provides adequate support for specific embodiments within the scope of the appended claims.
  • an individual number within a disclosed range may be relied upon and provides adequate support for specific embodiments within the scope of the appended claims.
  • a range“of from 1 to 9” includes various individual integers, such as 3, as well as individual numbers including a decimal point (or fraction), such as 4.1 , which may be relied upon and provide adequate support for specific embodiments within the scope of the appended claims.
  • a system is assembled by equipping a mixing vessel (glass beaker) with a mixer (variable-speed overhead mixer) and a cover to minimize loss of volatiles.
  • the mixing vessel is charged with a solid silicone polyamide (Si-PA) copolymer, a silicone fluid, a chaotrope, and an emulsifier at room temperature, and the resulting mixture mixed (150-200 rpm, ca. 15-20 min) to form a homogeneous liquid silicone composition.
  • the emulsifier is added subsequent to other components being combined and mixed together in the mixing vessel.
  • a separate container is charged with water and additives to form an aqueous composition.
  • the aqueous composition is then added to the liquid silicone composition at room temperature with mixing (ca. 55 min ramp from 150 rpm to 1000 rpm) to give an emulsion.
  • a sample of the emulsion is then taken, and the viscosity of the sample analyzed at room temperature using a viscometer (Brookfield DV-II+ (T95) or DV-III Ultra (CPE-52 spindle)) at the shear rate range from 0.1 -10 second. Each sample is analyzed at least 3 times, and the resulting values averaged to give a viscosity (Pa.s) of the emulsion.
  • a viscometer Brookfield DV-II+ (T95) or DV-III Ultra (CPE-52 spindle)
  • Table 1 illustrates the components utilized to prepare 6 different emulsions, along with their respective amounts, according to the General Procedure above.
  • Solid Si-PA Copolymer is a Nylon-6, 6/dimethicone copolymer.
  • Silicone Fluid is cyclopentasiloxane (D5).
  • Chaotrope 1 is ethanol.
  • Chaotrope 2 is n-propanol.
  • Chaotrope 3 is iso-propanol.
  • Chaotrope 4 is tert-butanol.
  • Chaotrope 5 is iso-butanol.
  • Chaotrope 6 is sec-butanol.
  • Emulsifier is a PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone copolymer.
  • Additive 1 is aluminum sequichlorohydrate (50% sol).
  • Additive 2 is glycerin.
  • Additive 3 is calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCI * 2H20).
  • Table 2 illustrates the components utilized to prepare a comparative formulation, along with their respective amounts, according to the General Procedure above.
  • Solid Si-PA Copolymer is a Nylon-6, 6/dimethicone copolymer.
  • Silicone Fluid is cyclopentasiloxane (D5).
  • Chaotrope 7 is methanol.
  • Emulsifier is a PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone copolymer.
  • Additive 1 is aluminum sequichlorohydrate (50% sol).
  • Additive 2 is glycerin.
  • Additive 3 is calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCI * 2Fl20).
  • Solid Si-PA Copolymer is a Nylon-6, 6/dimethicone copolymer.
  • Silicone Fluid is cyclopentasiloxane (D5).
  • Chaotrope 1 is ethanol.
  • Emulsifier is a PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone copolymer.
  • Additive 1 is aluminum sequichlorohydrate (50% sol).
  • Additive 2 is glycerin.
  • Additive 3 is calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCI * 2H20).
  • Table 4 illustrates the components utilized to prepare two comparative formulations, along with the respective amount of each component, according to the General Procedure above.
  • Solid Si-PA Copolymer is a Nylon-6, 6/dimethicone Copolymer.
  • Silicone Fluid is cyclopentasiloxane (D5).
  • Chaotrope 1 is ethanol.
  • Emulsifier is a PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone copolymer.
  • Additive 1 is aluminum sequichlorohydrate (50% sol).
  • Additive 2 is glycerin.
  • Additive 3 is calcium chloride dehydrate (CaC 2H20).

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une émulsion comprenant une phase non aqueuse comprenant un copolymère de polyamide de silicone solide et un liquide de silicone, une phase aqueuse comprenant de l'eau, un chaotrope soluble dans la phase aqueuse et susceptible de liquéfaction du copolymère de polyamide de silicone solide en l'absence de la phase aqueuse à une température inférieure à 45 °C, et un agent émulsifiant. Un procédé de préparation de l'émulsion est également décrit. Le procédé comprend la combinaison du copolymère de polyamide de silicone solide, du liquide de silicone, et du chaotrope à une température inférieure à 45 °C pour fournir une composition de silicone liquide. Le procédé comprend également la combinaison et le cisaillement de la composition de silicone liquide, l'agent émulsifiant, et l'eau, préparant ainsi l'émulsion. L'invention concerne également des produits de soins personnels et des compositions semblables comprenant l'émulsion, conjointement aux procédés pour les fabriquer et les utiliser.
PCT/US2019/034554 2018-05-30 2019-05-30 Émulsion et procédé pour la préparer WO2019232151A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4352808A (en) 1980-12-12 1982-10-05 Schering Corporation 3-Aralkyloxy-2,3-dihydro-2-(imidazolylmethyl)benzo(b)thiophenes and related derivatives, their use as antimicrobials and pharmaceutical formulations useful therefore
US4985459A (en) 1984-02-08 1991-01-15 Richardson-Vicks, Inc. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory compositions comprising diphenhydramine and methods of using same
WO2003013447A2 (fr) * 2001-08-07 2003-02-20 Dow Corning Corporation Compositions pour les soins des cheveux et de la peau contenant des copolymeres de polyamide a base de siloxane
WO2005060922A1 (fr) * 2003-12-12 2005-07-07 L'oreal Composition cosmetique contenant un polymere polyorganosiloxane
US20070196309A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-08-23 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Linear silicone resins in personal care applications
EP1834629A2 (fr) * 2006-03-13 2007-09-19 L'Oréal Compositions de mascara

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US4352808A (en) 1980-12-12 1982-10-05 Schering Corporation 3-Aralkyloxy-2,3-dihydro-2-(imidazolylmethyl)benzo(b)thiophenes and related derivatives, their use as antimicrobials and pharmaceutical formulations useful therefore
US4985459A (en) 1984-02-08 1991-01-15 Richardson-Vicks, Inc. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory compositions comprising diphenhydramine and methods of using same
WO2003013447A2 (fr) * 2001-08-07 2003-02-20 Dow Corning Corporation Compositions pour les soins des cheveux et de la peau contenant des copolymeres de polyamide a base de siloxane
WO2005060922A1 (fr) * 2003-12-12 2005-07-07 L'oreal Composition cosmetique contenant un polymere polyorganosiloxane
US20070196309A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-08-23 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Linear silicone resins in personal care applications
EP1834629A2 (fr) * 2006-03-13 2007-09-19 L'Oréal Compositions de mascara

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