WO2019226574A1 - Centre de données modulaire utilisant des modules de centre de données indépendants - Google Patents

Centre de données modulaire utilisant des modules de centre de données indépendants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019226574A1
WO2019226574A1 PCT/US2019/033185 US2019033185W WO2019226574A1 WO 2019226574 A1 WO2019226574 A1 WO 2019226574A1 US 2019033185 W US2019033185 W US 2019033185W WO 2019226574 A1 WO2019226574 A1 WO 2019226574A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data center
anteroom
door
room
modular
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2019/033185
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Douglas RECKER
Original Assignee
Modular Life Solutions, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Modular Life Solutions, Llc filed Critical Modular Life Solutions, Llc
Priority to MX2020012513A priority Critical patent/MX2020012513A/es
Priority to CA3101101A priority patent/CA3101101A1/fr
Publication of WO2019226574A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019226574A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
    • H05K7/1485—Servers; Data center rooms, e.g. 19-inch computer racks
    • H05K7/1497—Rooms for data centers; Shipping containers therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H2005/005—Buildings for data processing centers

Definitions

  • Modular data centers have been described for a variety of uses including as data storage and/or for telecommunications.
  • Prior modular data centers information handling or management centers
  • data center modules modular units
  • the data center modules within the modular data centers can be shifted within the internal space of the data room for service, access, and/or repair, and permit the facile exchange of the units housing electronic equipment within the modular data center (the “data center modules”).
  • the present modular data centers also provide a separate anteroom or“mantrap” that provides not only an environmental control space between the data room and the exterior environment, but also allows for tiers of security.
  • a separate anteroom or“mantrap” that provides not only an environmental control space between the data room and the exterior environment, but also allows for tiers of security.
  • an anteroom a portion of which may act as a secure meet-me room
  • the data center design permits many functions to be performed by technicians without providing access to the data room, thereby limiting both security and environmental threats (e.g., the introduction of moisture) to equipment in the data room.
  • the data center modules which may also be equipped with separate security for data center modules or portions thereof, provide yet another level of security and environmental control.
  • each data center module comprises a location for electronic (e.g.
  • computer equipment such as a rack with slots or shelves, and at least (i) a redundant cooling system, (ii) a redundant power supply system (redundant backup power supplies), and (iii) a fire suppression system that is optionally redundant; where all or part of the cooling, backup power supply, and fire suppression systems are housed within the same cabinet (or compartments of the cabinet) as the computer equipment they support, serve and/or protect.
  • a redundant cooling system such as a rack with slots or shelves
  • a redundant power supply system redundant backup power supplies
  • fire suppression system that is optionally redundant
  • the failure of equipment in one of the data center modules is isolated from and should not affect electronic equipment (e.g., computer equipment) in the other data center modules.
  • the cabinets of the data center modules limit the possibility that a fire in one of the modules will spread or affect other data center modules as the circulation of cooling air within an air-cooled module may be conducted completely or substantially within each individual module cabinet (or compartments of the cabinet).
  • the cabinet of the data center module will prevent oxygen from reaching and supporting the fire, and the fire suppression system (which can be redundant) can act on the equipment in the data center module without opening the cabinet, thereby preventing exposure of the data room and/or other data center modules in the data room to a fire hazard.
  • the modular data centers may, or may not, be outfitted with an anteroom or“mantrap” that acts as an air lock permitting access to the data room through a pair of doors without directly exposing the equipment in the data room to the outside environment.
  • an anteroom it may be used as a space providing a location for and access to equipment that is not required to be in the data room environment, and/or to which a level of security lower than that of the data room may be granted.
  • the anteroom, or a portion thereof may serve as a“meet-me room” (“MMR”) where external communication lines (e.g., fiber optic, ethernet, coaxial, or other forms of hard wiring) come into the modular data center and where they can be connected (e.g., assigned to ports by switching the wiring of connections) to the equipment within the data room without having to enter the data room itself.
  • MMR meet-me room
  • This arrangement limits access to, and potential contamination of, the data room from the environment external to the modular data center, while still permitting access by personnel for many purposes including changing the input connections to the data center module(s) and changing (e.g., making or breaking) interconnections between users of the data center modules (e.g., telecommunication and/or internet providers).
  • Another advantage of the present design is the flexible security arrangements provided by the data center modules themselves, which allow more than one customer/client to have secure access to portions of one or more racks (e.g., sub-cabinets or sub-compartments housing parts of electronic equipment racks) within the data center modules.
  • a modular data center having even only a single data center module, can provide separate secure access to the anteroom, the MMR, and/or the data room, and in addition, provide separate secure access to various equipment in the MMR, and to each sub-compartment of the data center module.
  • security may be provided such that each area where separate security is desired (e.g., sub compartments of the data center module) is outfitted with separate locking mechanisms and/or other security features (e.g. , cameras). Accordingly, even different competing telecommunication and/or internet providers can effectively utilize one modular data center while providing individual security access to each.
  • the mantrap provides an environmental control space between the data room and the exterior environment and also allows for secure data room access.
  • the mantrap permits controlled access to the data room.
  • a portion of the mantrap may act as a secure meet-me room where technicians may access a variety of equipment without having direct access to the data room.
  • the mantrap provides the data room and equipment in the data room with physical security and protection from environmental threats (e.g., the introduction of moisture).
  • the modular data centers may contain individual data center modules housed in the data room each providing one or more of: storage for equipment (e.g., electronic rack space), physical security, cooling, backup power, and fire suppression.
  • the disclosure also provides for methods of operating the modular data centers as secure installations to protect (limit access) to equipment in the anteroom and/or data room. Methods of operating the modular data centers to protect equipment in the data room from harmful levels of moisture (e.g., levels that can condense on the electronic equipment) are also described.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic floor plan for a modular data center 1 with a rectangular footprint about 12 feet 7.5 inches by about 8 feet prepared in a shippable container having insulated walls (e.g., about 4.5 inches thick).
  • the modular data center has an anteroom or“mantrap” 2 for routine access to a data room 3.
  • the data room contains data center module 4, with a cabinet divided into three compartments 5, 6, and 7.
  • the middle compartment labeled 5, which may be divided into sub-compartments, houses one or more racks that contain computer equipment in slots (or shelves).
  • Compartment 6 houses all or part of the first of the two or more redundant cooling units, redundant backup power units, and when redundant the first redundant unit of the fire suppression system.
  • Compartment 7 houses the second of the two or more redundant cooling units, redundant backup power units, and when redundant, the second redundant unit of the fire suppression system.
  • the compartments of the data center module are accessed by doors on each compartment face 8 (front) and back 9 (rear) sides.
  • the data center module 4 may be moved closer or further from the anteroom 2 along track 14, which limits the distance the module may move away from the adjacent wall, and which may engage wheels on the underside of the cabinet. Movement of data center module 4 facilitates access to compartments 5, 6, and 7.
  • the data center can be entered via an entrance door 10 that permits access from the outside into the anteroom (mantrap).
  • the data room is then accessed by way of the anteroom door (mantrap door) 11.
  • the data room is accessed by way of the container doors 12, which open directly to the exterior of the modular data center, permitting placement and removal of equipment too large for passage through the anteroom.
  • the container doors When closed and locked in place, the container doors may form all or part of one of the modular data center’s lateral walls.
  • the doors are shown in both the open and closed position in Fig. 1, with the arc formed by their movement shown by a dashed line.
  • An emergency exit (emergency door) 13 is also provided to permit rapid exit from the data room.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic floor plan for a modular data center similar to that shown in Fig. 1.
  • the modular data center in Fig. 2 houses two data center modules and has a rectangular footprint about 20 feet by about 8 feet.
  • the elements are numbered as in Fig. 1. However, for clarity access doors (elements 8 and 9) are numbered on only one data center module 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic floor plan for a modular data center similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the modular data center in Fig. 3 houses three data center modules and has a rectangular footprint about 25 feet by about 8 feet.
  • the elements are numbered as in Fig. 1 ; however, for clarity access doors (elements 8 and 9) are numbered on only one data center module 4.
  • Figs. 4A-4D show four exemplary schematics of data center module cabinets (not to scale).
  • the cabinet is a single rectangular box (rectangular prism) that can house the electronic equipment rack(s) and/or electronic equipment, and all or part of the redundant support systems (e.g . , cooling and backup power), and the fire suppression system (which may also be redundant).
  • the cabinet is divided into two side-by-side compartments one of which houses the electronic equipment rack(s) and/or electronic equipment, and the other of which houses all or part of at least one of the redundant support systems.
  • the cabinet is divided into a full height compartment, for housing the electronic equipment rack(s) and/or electronic equipment, placed side-by-side with smaller“stacked” compartments (e.g. , about half-height compartments), each of which contains all or part (e.g., at least one component) of one or more of the redundant support systems.
  • the cabinet is divided into three full height compartments (not necessarily of the same size), placed side-by-side, with the center compartment used to house the electronic equipment rack(s) and/or electronic equipment, and the compartments on either side each containing all or part (e.g., at least one component) of at least one of the redundant support systems.
  • Figs. 5A-C show three exemplary schematics of the data center module cabinets where the compartment holding the rack(s) for electronic equipment is subdivided into separately securable sub compartments (used to house the electronic equipment rack(s) and/or electronic equipment).
  • the schematics are not necessarily to scale and do not show the location of doors or panels that provide access to the compartments and/or sub-compartments that may be separately secured.
  • Fig. 5A the type cabinet shown in Fig. 4B is shown with the compartment for housing electronic equipment divided into four sub compartments marked SC-l through SC-4.
  • Fig 5B the type of cabinet shown in Fig.
  • FIG. 4C is shown with the right-side compartment of the cabinet divided into four sub-compartments marked SC-l through SC- 4, placed side-by-side with the left-side of the cabinet, which is divided into two“stacked” compartments (e.g. , about half-height compartments), each of which contains one or more components of at least one of the redundant support systems.
  • FIG. 5C the type of cabinet shown in Fig. 4D is shown with the left and right end portions of the cabinet divided into full height compartments (not necessarily of the same size) each containing all or part (e.g., at least one component) of at least one of the redundant support systems.
  • the left and right end portions are placed side-by-side with the center compartment that has been subdivided into sub-compartments (e.g., for housing electronic equipment) marked SC-l through SC-5.
  • sub-compartments e.g., for housing electronic equipment
  • SC-l sub-compartments
  • SC-5 sub-compartments
  • the compartment housing the electronic equipment rack(s) and/or electronic equipment is shown divided into 4 or 5 sub-compartments, the compartment may be subdivided into 2 or more separately securable sub-compartments (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 sub-compartments, or a range from 2 to 6, 3 to 4, 3 to 5, 3 to 6, or 5 to 6 separately securable sub-compartments).
  • Figs. 6A and 6B show two more detailed configuration schematics (not to scale) of the anteroom (mantrap) that may be utilized with any of the modular data center designs described herein (e.g., the modular data centers illustrated in Figs. 1 through 3).
  • the anteroom is provided with a dedicated separately securable zone 15 that can house e.g., electrical, internet, and/or telecommunication equipment generally housed in panels 17 (e.g., power supply, multiplexing equipment, internet connectivity equipment) and/or that can be used as a meet-me room.
  • Fig. 6A the anteroom is provided with a dedicated separately securable zone 15 that can house e.g., electrical, internet, and/or telecommunication equipment generally housed in panels 17 (e.g., power supply, multiplexing equipment, internet connectivity equipment) and/or that can be used as a meet-me room.
  • panels 17 e.g., power supply, multiplexing equipment, internet connectivity equipment
  • the dedicated section 15 is separated and secured from the area adjacent to the entrance door 10 and mantrap door 11 by a physical barrier 16 that may be formed by a door, gate, or wall and door or gate combination.
  • Electrical equipment and/or panels 17 housing equipment may be mounted on any one or more of the walls (e.g., the wall bearing the exterior door, the wall bearing the mantrap door, or the exterior wall at the far end of the mantrap (panels need not be present at each of the locations shown).
  • security cameras 18 adjacent to the exterior door and the mantrap door.
  • Fig. 6B shows an alternative embodiment where separately securable zones are formed around each piece of the electrical equipment and/or electrical equipment panels 17 by housings 19.
  • the physical barrier 16 shown in Fig. 6A may be installed as an option.
  • FIG. 7 shows one embodiment of the end of the anteroom from the perspective of a person standing on the floor 20 at the point where a physical barrier 16 (not shown) can be, or is, located.
  • Secure housings 19 containing panels 17 are shown disposed on any one or more of the wall 21 bearing the exterior door, the end wall 22, and/or the wall bearing the mantrap door 23.
  • the figure shows six secure housings as upper and lower housings placed in the anteroom, any one or more of them many be present or absent, and their size and/or location may be changed.
  • the ceiling 24 is also shown.
  • Figs. 8A and 8B show front 30 and back 31 views, respectively, of a data center module in the format of the embodiment shown schematically in Figs.
  • first compartment 32 (divided into 5 sub-compartments SC1-SC5 described below) for housing the electronic equipment rack and a second compartment 33 (with the arrow pointing to the compartment door) for housing the cooling, fire suppression and backup power systems.
  • FIGs. 8C and 8D show front 30 and back 31 views, respectively, of a data center module in the format of the embodiment shown schematically in Figs. 4D and 5C having a first compartment 32 (divided into 5 sub-compartments SC1-SC5 described below) for housing the electronic equipment rack, and second and third compartments ( 33a and 33b, respectively, with arrows pointing to the doors of those compartments) for housing the cooling, fire suppression and backup power systems.
  • the central compartment is used to house the electronic equipment rack and is divided into five separately securable sub-compartments providing access to electronic equipment at the level of the sub-compartment doors.
  • FIGs. 8A-8D the front door 34 and back door 35 of the first sub-compartment (sub compartment 1, SC-l) are shown ajar, exposing a portion of the interior 36 of the data center module’s cabinet.
  • Mechanical and /or electronic interfaces/locks e.g., biometric such as fingerprint detection
  • Optional clear panels e.g., glass, acrylic, or polycarbonate
  • Shippable container as used herein is a container that may be transported by truck (e.g., tractor trailer), airplane, or rail.
  • Shippable containers include intermodal shipping containers, and containers prepared from general purpose intermodal shipping containers, including those with a shorter length.
  • Data center modules are modular components that may be placed in the data room of a modular data center comprising a cabinet with a compartment for electronic equipment that may include one or more racks for placement and support of the electronic equipment (e.g., computers, memory, servers etc.), fire suppression (which may be redundant), and cooling and power systems (e.g., backup power systems) each of which may be redundant.
  • the data center modules optionally include other components such as temperature and/or humidity sensors, access security, and video security.
  • A“meet-me room” as used herein is a place within a modular data center where users of equipment within the data room (e.g., telecommunications companies and/or internet service providers) can physically connect to one another and exchange data and/or change their connections with the data center module(s). This may be accomplished without incurring local loop fees. Services provided across connections in an MMR may include voice circuits, data circuits, and/or internet protocol traffic.
  • customers/users of the modular data center arrange for the organization running the modular data center, or an individual having security access to the required equipment in the MMR to connect them together.
  • These physical connections may be an optical fiber cable, coaxial cable, twisted pair, or any other networking medium.
  • the meet-me room will include multiplexing equipment that permits a customer/user to have a connection point (e.g., a single location for connection) between equipment in the MMR and the rest of their equipment in the modular data center.
  • the multiplexing equipment can break out a connection (provide a separate connection) that allows for a direct, private connections to one or more other customers/users whose equipment, or connections to their equipment, is present in the MMR or other parts of the modular data center (e.g., the data room).
  • An internet exchange point may be present in the MMR to allow customers/users with equipment in the MMR to interchange traffic without having to make physical interconnections between every possible pair/combination of customers/users with equipment (or connections to equipment) present in the MMR.
  • Modular data centers are constructed and designed to be shippable and are in the form of a shippable container that is comprised of lateral exterior walls, doors, a floor, and a top wall that forms the roof and interior ceiling, unless the interior is provided with another (e.g., suspended) ceiling.
  • Those components define an exterior surface and an interior space.
  • the interior space may be divided into a data room and an anteroom by a partition wall, with the anteroom subject to subdivision by a wall and /or a door or gate to form a separate MMR if desired.
  • the shippable container may be an ISO shipping container, which has a standard width (about 2.259 or 2.26 m).
  • the modular data centers described herein may be any shape, if they are prepared from general purpose shipping containers (including high cube containers), they will generally take the form of a rectangular prism (rectangular box) or a square box (cube or cuboid). While the modular data centers described herein are substantially rectangular or square enclosures, it is understood that any number of elements (e.g. , door handles, locks, mounting brackets and the like) may cause variations in the shape. In general, the modular data centers described herein have a substantially rectangular or substantially square footprint.
  • the modular data centers described herein have a substantially rectangular or square footprint with a width from 7 to 9 feet (e.g., the width of the footprint, and of the container, is from 7 to 9 feet, 7.5 to 8.5 feet, 7.8 to 8.2 feet, 7 to 8 feet, 8 to 9 feet or about 8 feet.).
  • Table 1 Some embodiments of modular data center dimensions with an overall rectangular prism shape are provided in Table 1.
  • the modular data centers described herein may be constructed with the lateral exterior walls, the top wall, and/or the floor comprising metal, plastic, wood, concrete, stucco, and/or fiberglass.
  • the lateral exterior walls, the top wall, and/or the floor, including the container doors 12 which may form all or part of one lateral wall are comprised of metal.
  • the lateral walls and/or top wall are comprised of metal.
  • the lateral exterior walls and top wall are comprised of metal and the floor of wood (e.g. , plywood).
  • the container may be comprised of a ferrous metal (e.g. , steel such as COR-TEN ® steel) and/or aluminum.
  • the lateral exterior walls and the top wall are comprised of corrugated metal (e.g., corrugated aluminum and/or steel) except that doors need not be corrugated metal (e.g., container doors 12, exterior door 10, and/or emergency exit door 13 need not be comprised of corrugate metal).
  • the floors of the modular data center are comprised of a slip resistant surface such as, for example, textured metal in the form of diamond plate metal (e.g., steel or aluminum), or other textured metal surfaces (e.g., ALGRIP® from Ross Technology Corp., Leola, PA) which may be laid over a subfloor.
  • the subfloor may be comprised of, for example, metal, wood, fiberglass or a composite comprising any of the foregoing.
  • the shippable containers used for the modular data centers are weather tight, substantially prohibiting the entrance of wind, rain, snow, moisture, and the like, to the extent necessary to operate the modular data center in adverse weather conditions.
  • an anteroom e.g., with humidity control
  • a modular data center comprising an anteroom with humidity control can operate at 110° F at saturating humidity.
  • the lateral walls, top walls, and/or floor may also be insulated.
  • the interior walls may not be formed from the same material used to form the exterior walls, and the interior wall and exterior wall may be spaced apart to accommodate insulation and/or wiring (e.g., the rooms may have a suspended or dropped ceiling to accommodate insulation and/or wiring.
  • the modular data centers may be sufficiently air-tight so that in certain embodiments vents to supply or exchange air in the data and/or anteroom with fresh external air are provided (e.g., as part of the heating/cooling of the data room and/or anteroom). Incoming air can be dehumidified and filtered to remove dust/particulates as necessary. In an embodiment, such vents are only opened (e.g., manually and/or electronically, such as by motion sensors) when individuals are present in the anteroom and/or data room of the modular data center.
  • the exterior surface of the data center can be coated (e.g., painted) for appearance and corrosion resistance.
  • the exterior surface is painted with a coating that reflects a substantial amount of ultraviolet, visible, and/or infrared light (e.g., at least 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the incident light energy) so as to minimize absorption of heat that needs to be dissipated.
  • coatings include but are not limited to: Energy Start Cooling Paints from ASTEC® (24 Pinn Street, St. Marys, S.A. 5042; CeramaX from Acryl-Tech Coatings (3601 NE 5th Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33334).
  • the modular data centers described herein generally have a rectangular prism or cube shape. In an embodiment they are divided internally into an anteroom 2 and a data room 3 (see, e.g., Figs. 1-3).
  • the anteroom which may be subdivided into a separately secured zone 15 acting as a“meet-me room” (MMR) discussed in more detail below, is the point for general access to the data room and has an exterior entrance door 10 and an anteroom door 11 leading to the data room.
  • the data room is provided with an emergency exit door 13 to provide immediate egress from the data room without going through the anteroom.
  • the data room is also provided with shippable container door (s), or “container door(s)” 12.
  • the container doors when present, may form all or part (e.g. , substantially all) of one of the shippable container’s lateral walls (see, e.g. , Fig. 1).
  • Container doors 12 permit larger items to be inserted into, or removed from, the data room.
  • Any or all of the areas to be separately secured (e.g., doors, access panels etc.) in the modular data center may be secured by outfitting them with mechanical and/or electronic locks (e.g., biometric security) to limit access.
  • Electronic locks include any passive form of electronically recognized signal such as that from a FOB or an RFID tag (passive, semi-passive battery assisted, or active) that may operate in the low (e.g., 30 K ⁇ z to 300 K ⁇ z), high (e.g., 3 to 30 MFlz) or ultra-high frequency range (e.g., from 300 MFlz to 3 GFlz).
  • Electronic locking mechanisms also may include biometric security measures including, but not limited to, fingerprint, retinal scan (recognition), voice, and/or facial recognition.
  • one or more (e.g., two, three, four or more, or even all) of the areas to be secured are equipped with electronic and/or biometric locks that may have a mechanical override (e.g., key and/or combination lock) in case of electrical failure.
  • a mechanical override e.g., key and/or combination lock
  • any one or more of the lateral walls and/or doors may be fitted with windows that may or may not be openable to admit, for example, natural light.
  • the top wall may be fitted with skylights, which may or may not be openable, to admit, for example, natural light.
  • Windows and/or skylights when present, may be fire -rated (e.g., fire-rated wired glass) for both fire and physical security.
  • the modular data center may be outfitted with heating and/or cooling systems for the anteroom and/or data room that is/are separate from the cooling systems for the data center modules.
  • the modular data center including the data room, the MMR, and/or the anteroom may be equipped with independent fire detection, fire alarms, and/or fire suppression systems.
  • the data center is equipped with automated fire detection equipment (e.g. , heat or smoke detectors) that can trigger alarms and/or trigger fire suppression system(s) in any one or more of the data room, MMR and/or anteroom.
  • automated fire detection equipment e.g. , heat or smoke detectors
  • fire suppression system(s) When triggered (automatically or manually), fire suppression system(s) may release fire suppressants, such as hydrofluorocarbons (e.g., 3M NOVEC 1230TM or DuPontTM FM-200®, also known as FIFC-227ea or heptafluoropropane), an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen or argon), CO2 or a combination of any of the foregoing.
  • the data center alarm system may also trigger local audible alarms and/or transmit an alarm notification to another location where the modular data center is being monitored.
  • the modular data center is equipped with surveillance equipment (e.g., cameras for visible and/or infrared light, and/or video surveillance cameras).
  • the surveillance equipment may be directed at: areas surrounding the exterior of the modular data center (e.g. , areas around or including the exterior door 10, the container doors 12, and/or the emergency door for the modular data center); the mantrap door 11 (from the mantrap and/or data room side); the anteroom (including, if desired separate surveillance equipment for any area acting as the MMR); and/or all or part(s) of the data room.
  • the surveillance system may be monitorable by individuals within the modular data center (e.g., in the data room) and/or by individuals monitoring the modular data center remotely.
  • Modular data centers as described herein are also capable of being outfitted with solar panels on all or part of their external surfaces.
  • the solar panels are located on the top wall (roof) and may be secured there by way of a mounting system (e.g. , rails, tracks, clips and the like).
  • the mounting system extends beyond the area of the top wall (e.g., by extension rails), thereby increasing the total area utilized for collecting solar energy.
  • Electrical power generated from the solar panels may be used within the modular data center, or it may be used for other purposes (e.g. , to charge batteries for emergency backup power and/or to provide security such as video monitoring, electronic locks, and/or lighting).
  • the anteroom 2 serves as the point for general access to the data room. It is fitted with an exterior entrance door 10 that allows passage between the area outside the data center (external environment) and the anteroom. Passage between the anteroom and the data room is achieved by anteroom door 11.
  • the anteroom, or a portion of the anteroom may also serve as an MMR.
  • the portion of the anteroom serving as an MMR may be subdivided by an access door (e.g., a wire or mesh door), or a wall and door, to form a separately secured zone (sub-room or closet-like space) 15 that acts as an MMR.
  • the anteroom may be equipped with an interlock system that prevents both the entrance and anteroom doors from being opened at the same time, unless it is overridden.
  • the interlock may be mechanical or electronic, and may have an override (e.g., a mechanical override for emergency purposes) which can be attached to an alarm.
  • moisture in the air represents one of the materials in the environment that can damage equipment by condensing on the surface of cooled equipment (e.g.
  • the anteroom may be equipped with temperature and/or humidity sensing and control.
  • the anteroom temperature/humidity control system(s) may be dedicated system(s), or they may be part of (a function of) the modular data center’ s humidity and temperature control (heating and/or cooling) system(s).
  • the anteroom is equipped with a moisture sensor to detect the moisture content of air in the anteroom and display the output in the anteroom, the data room, and/or to those conducting remote monitoring (e.g., the anteroom and data room) thereby permitting operators to determine if humidity is in a range where it is safe (e.g., where moisture will not condense on data room equipment) to open the anteroom door to the data room.
  • the moisture sensor can also interface with the interlock to prevent accidental opening of the door to the data room when moisture levels in the anteroom are too high (e.g., near, at, or above the dew point of equipment in the data room).
  • the interlock system on the anteroom doors also serves as part of the physical security measures associated with the data center. By requiring the exterior door to be locked before the mantrap door to the data room can be opened, the system limits access to the data room to only those individuals admitted to the anteroom or“mantrap.”
  • the anteroom may be formed by a partition wall that extends from floor-to-ceiling and spans the container connecting opposing walls (see, e.g., Figs, 1-3) and separating it from the data room.
  • the partition wall forming the anteroom (and, when present, the MMR; see Fig. 6) may extend from floor-to-ceiling and may be substantially air-tight, without grills or vents.
  • openings used for wires, conduits, and the like to pass from the data room to the anteroom can be sealed (e.g., using flanges, or foams made from compliant or rigid materials).
  • the partition wall forming the anteroom may extend from floor- to-ceiling, but may contain vents, grills, or mesh covered openings to the data room that permit air flow but not allow a person to access the data room.
  • vents are present in the partition wall forming the anteroom, air flowing in the modular data center can be directed to flow from the data room to the anteroom (when doors 10-13 are closed), such that moist air introduced into the anteroom by way of exterior door 10 does not reach the data room before being treated to remove the moisture and cool the air as desired.
  • the partition wall may form the anteroom by forming a booth like structure along one of the lateral walls or in a corner of the data center by connecting adjacent lateral walls.
  • the anteroom may be square or rectangular, and its footprint may be, for example, triangular, quadrilateral, circular (with a rotary door), or arc shaped.
  • the partition wall extend from the floor to the top wall (ceiling) of the modular data center, as the anteroom may be provided with, for example, an independent ceiling.
  • the anteroom may be replaced by a rotary door assembly, which may be of the type formed by an inner body having multiple rotating flat panels or a cylinder having only a single opening rotating within a substantially cylindrical body.
  • the substantially cylindrical body has openings positioned such that a person may exit the inner body into the data room or anteroom when the single opening in the inner body is suitably aligned with opening to one of those rooms. That is, the opening in the inner body must be oriented toward the opening (e.g., the external door) where a user who wishes to enter the inner body of the rotary door is positioned. After the user enters the inner body, it is rotated to another opening (e.g., the data room side) where the user exits the rotary door assembly.
  • the surface area of the anteroom floor is from about 8 to about 40 square feet or from about 9 to about 36 square feet (e.g., 9 to 15, 15 to 25, 25 to 36 square feet, or less than 36, 30, 25, 20, 15 or 10 square feet.
  • the anteroom may be omitted.
  • placement of a modular data center in a secure and temperature and/or humidity-controlled environment e.g., within a secure manufacturing facility where the external temperature and humidity levels are controlled
  • exterior entrance door 10 may open directly into the data room.
  • the anteroom may be fitted with a fresh air exchange system to draw air from outside the modular data center thereby avoiding a suffocation hazard.
  • the fresh air will be treated (e.g., dehumidified) before being circulated within the anteroom.
  • the principal purpose of the data room 3 is to provide a location and suitable environment for the data center modules that house electronic equipment, with the data room being secured as desired.
  • the data room has at least one entrance from the anteroom or, when the data center is not equipped with an anteroom, from an exterior door.
  • the data room may also be fitted with an emergency exit door 13 and container doors 12.
  • Any or all of the doors leading to or from the data room may be fitted with sensors (e.g., infrared, weight and/or motion) and/or cameras (e.g., video surveillance) that inform anyone monitoring the modular data center locally or remotely that the anteroom and/or data room has been entered or exited.
  • one or more of the doors may be equipped with local audible alarms.
  • the data room is provided with a heating and/or cooling system that may also serve to regulate the temperature of the anteroom.
  • the data room may also be equipped with a separate humidity control system (e.g., a dehumidifier) that may also regulate the humidity of the anteroom.
  • humidity control may be accomplished by the heating/cooling system.
  • temperature and humidity control in the anteroom and data room are provided by separate equipment.
  • the data room is equipped with a dust/particulate control system.
  • the dust/particulate control system may include filters (e.g., high efficiency particulate air or“HEP A” filters) and/or electrostatic precipitators.
  • Cables providing connections from the data center modules to the power distribution system/power supply link and data link may be located along/within the walls, along or under the floor, in trays (e.g., overhead ladder trays), and/or along, suspended from, and/or placed within the ceiling as “overhead cables” over all or part of their length.
  • equipment in the data room e.g., the data center modules
  • one or more systems external to the modular data center e.g., electrical power, and data links such as telecommunication voice/data, corporate intranet, and/or internet systems
  • one or more of the external connections e.g., cables or wires
  • Data link connections to equipment in the data room is then made by wireless or“wired” (e.g., fiber optic, ethernet, coaxial, or other forms of hard wiring) connections.
  • the data link e.g., telecommunication voice/data, corporate intranet, and/or internet systems
  • the data room serves as the location where the data link enters the data center module and connects data room equipment (e.g., electronic equipment in the data center module(s)) to one or more systems (e.g., telecommunication, intranet, and/or internet systems) external to the modular data.
  • data room equipment e.g., electronic equipment in the data center module(s)
  • systems e.g., telecommunication, intranet, and/or internet systems
  • a modular data center is equipped with a MMR, or anteroom with MMR equipment/panels (e.g., secured panels 17), even though data links and electrical power enter the modular data center in the data room.
  • the modular data center may include wireless networks and/or cables (wire, fiber optic etc.) that connect electronic equipment in the data room and/or the data center modules with the data link.
  • cables may be fully or partly imbedded in the walls, floor, or ceiling, and/or they may be carried in a tray (e.g., an overhead ladder tray) for all or part of their length.
  • the modular data center may also provide a power distribution system comprising a wiring network that connects to the power link providing electrical power from a source external to the modular data center.
  • equipment in the modular data center and data room including, but not limited to, the data center modules
  • the wires of the power distribution system may be fully or partly imbedded in the walls, floor, ceiling, and/or carried in a tray (e.g., an overhead ladder tray).
  • the power distribution system in the modular data center may also include one or more surge protection devices, or devices that “clean” or“condition” incoming power so that it conforms with the requirements of the electronic equipment installed in the data center.
  • An electrical ground system may also be included in the power distribution system or as a separate system to ensure that all components including, but not limited to, the data center modules are properly grounded.
  • the modular data center is ground to any external electrical supply’ s common ground and/or the ground, and equipment internal to the modular data center is grounded directly, or indirectly, to the modular data center and accordingly to the common ground and/or ground.
  • the data room may also be fitted with systems to control/restrict the movement of the data center modules.
  • the data room is equipped with one or more rails and/or tracks that are elevated above the floor, and/or one or more channels or grooves in the floor that serve to guide the motion of the data center modules.
  • Data center modules may be designed with secure attachment points (e.g., D-rings, and the like affixed to the cabinets about halfway between the floor and the top of the cabinet). The cabinets can then be tethered to the walls or floor of the data center prevent the modules from moving during shipment.
  • Data center modules are comprised of several components including, but not limited to, a cabinet that includes a location for electronic equipment (e.g. , computer equipment such as servers, memory, drives, routers and the like).
  • the location for electronic equipment may be one or more racks each comprising two or more (e.g. , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 or more) slots and/or shelves for locating electronic equipment.
  • Data center modules may also be equipped with redundant cooling and backup power systems, and a fire suppression system (which may also be redundant), and may be equipped with one or more humidity and/or temperature sensors for measuring temperature and/or humidity of equipment located within the cabinet (e.g. , mounted in the rack), or the temperature and/or humidity of air within or adjacent to the rack where electronics are located.
  • the data center modules are equipped with redundant cooling and backup power systems, but do not contain an internal fire suppression system.
  • the data center modules may be equipped with cameras and security systems (e.g., electronic and/or mechanical locks) on any or all doors and/or access panels providing access to the interior of the cabinets.
  • Data center modules may also be equipped with internal lighting (e.g. , LED lighting, such as in a strip) and fitted with wheels that permit movement of the cabinet.
  • internal lighting e.g. , LED lighting, such as in a strip
  • the failure of any one of the redundant systems (cooling and backup power) and/or the fire suppression system(s), an operating temperature or humidity outside of preset ranges, and/or unauthorized intrusion into the data center module may cause an audible alarm to sound and/or notification to be sent to a remote location where the modular data center is being monitored.
  • any one or more data center modules are equipped with at least one (e.g., a primary and redundant) cooling system, at least one (e.g., a primary and redundant) backup power system, at least one (e.g., a primary and redundant) fire suppression system, and security system(s) (e.g., electronic and/or mechanical locks) on at least one (e.g., on any or all) of the doors and/or access panels providing access to the interior of the cabinets.
  • the cabinets are optionally equipped with any one or more of: caster wheels on the underside; one or more internal humidity and/or temperature sensors; internal lighting; and one or more cameras.
  • the data center modules are equipped with redundant cooling and backup power systems, a fire suppression system, and security system(s) (e.g., electronic and/or mechanical locks) on at least one (e.g., on any or all) of the doors and/or access panels providing access to the interior of the cabinets.
  • the cabinets are optionally equipped with any one or more of: caster wheels on the underside; one or more internal humidity and/or temperature sensors; internal lighting; and one or more cameras.
  • any one or more data center modules are equipped with at least one (e.g., a primary and redundant) cooling system, at least one (e.g., a primary and redundant) backup power system, and security system(s) (e.g., electronic and/or mechanical locks) on at least one (e.g., on any or all) of the doors and/or access panels providing access to the interior of the cabinets.
  • a primary and redundant cooling system e.g., a primary and redundant
  • security system(s) e.g., electronic and/or mechanical locks
  • Such data center modules lack an internal fire suppression system and rely on fire suppression provided in the data room for fire containment.
  • the cabinets are optionally equipped with any one or more of: caster wheels on the underside; one or more internal humidity and/or temperature sensors; internal lighting; and one or more cameras.
  • the data center modules are equipped with redundant cooling and backup power systems, and security system(s) (e.g., electronic and/or mechanical locks) on at least one (e.g., on any or all) of the doors and/or access panels providing access to the interior of the cabinets.
  • security system(s) e.g., electronic and/or mechanical locks
  • Such data center modules lack an internal fire suppression system and rely on fire suppression provided in the data room for fire containment.
  • the cabinets are optionally equipped with any one or more of: caster wheels on the underside; one or more internal humidity and/or temperature sensors; internal lighting; and one or more cameras.
  • the cabinets of the data center modules are typically metal (e.g., steel or aluminum), or metal and glass, and provide a secure enclosure for the electronic equipment that will be installed within the module along with ah or part of the redundant cooling, power, and fire suppression systems.
  • the cabinet of each data center module may be viewed as defining the smallest unit for cooling, backup power supply, and fire suppression purposes.
  • Data center module cabinets may conveniently have an overall rectangular prism or cuboidal shape. The shape itself is non-functional and cabinets of other shapes may be employed. As discussed above in the description of Figs. 4A-4D, the cabinets may be divided into one or more (e.g. , 2 or 3) compartments that provide separate housings for redundant cooling, power, and fire suppression systems, and racking/electronic equipment (e.g. , housing for one or more racks that can be used to support electronic equipment when it is installed). The racking/electronic equipment compartment may be subdivided into separate“sub-compartments” as shown schematically in Figs.
  • FIGs. 8 A and 8B a depiction of one embodiment of a data center module with the doors in place.
  • Each, or any combination of, compartment and/or sub-compartment in the cabinet may be provided with doors or access panel covers having separate security measures. Internally, the sub-compartments may be separated to limit access from one sub-compartment to another.
  • the separation measures include solid, perforated, or woven materials (e.g., solid or perforated metal sheets and/or mesh).
  • the data center module may be used to provide separate secure access to as many groups of equipment or users as racks or sub-compartments are provided in the data center module cabinets.
  • one or more data center modules may have a compartment housing a rack for electronic equipment with singular access to the entirety of the electronics rack.
  • one or more data center modules may have a compartment housing a rack for electronic equipment with two or more (e.g., three or more, four or more, five or more, or six or more) sub-compartments providing separate secure access to each sub compartment and the equipment housed therein.
  • the redundant cooling, backup power, and fire suppression systems may be divided into first and second independent units, each unit comprising one independent cooling unit, independent backup power supply unit (e.g., each including a strand of batteries and optionally an inverter), and independent fire suppression unit.
  • one of the redundant cooling, backup power, and fire suppression units may be designated the primary unit that will operate unless it fails and is replaced by its redundant unit.
  • the redundant cooling, backup power and fire suppression units are grouped into a first group and a second group; the first group being the primary group and operating until any one of its cooling, backup power or fire suppression units fail, at which time the second group, which was on standby, takes over and its cooling, backup power and fire suppression units become the operational.
  • the data center modules have redundant cooling and fire suppression systems, and a single battery backup unit (e.g., including a strand of batteries and optionally an inverter) that functions as a redundant unit for external power.
  • the redundant fire suppression and cooling systems are divided into first and second independent units, each unit comprising one independent cooling unit and one independent fire suppression unit.
  • one of the redundant cooling and fire suppression units may be designated the primary unit that will operate unless it fails and is replaced by its redundant unit.
  • the redundant cooling and fire suppression units are grouped into first and second groups with the first unit being the primary group operating until either one of its cooling or fire suppression units fail, at which time the second group, which was on standby, takes over and its cooling and fire suppression units become the operational.
  • the data center modules have redundant cooling and battery backup systems (e.g., each including a strand of batteries and optionally an inverter) and a single fire suppression unit.
  • the redundant systems may be divided into first and second independent units, each unit comprising one independent cooling system and one independent backup power supply unit.
  • one of the redundant cooling and backup power units may be designated the primary unit that will operate unless it fails at which time its function is replaced by its redundant unit.
  • the redundant cooling and power units are grouped into a first group and a second group; the first group being the primary group and operating until any one of its cooling or backup power units fail, at which time the second group, which was on standby, takes over and its cooling and backup power units become operational.
  • the data center module may transmit an indication of a system failure to a location in the modular data center and/or to a remote location that is monitoring the data center.
  • the data center module may transmit an indication that the system is operating on its battery backup and corrective measures need to be taken or the system will initiate a shutdown saving data and/or transferring operations (e.g., to a different data center module).
  • each compartment of the cabinet is accessed by a first or a first and a second access door and/or an access panel.
  • the cabinet, or at least one compartment or sub-compartment of a cabinet, in a data center module is a substantially rectangular box (rectangular prism) and has a first access door and/or access panel, and a second access door/ and/or access panel on opposite sides (opposing faces) of the cabinet or compartment.
  • each compartment or sub-compartment of the cabinet is substantially a rectangular prism, and one or more (e.g. , each) compartment or sub-compartments of the cabinet, has a first door and/or an access panel on the opposite side (opposing face) of the cabinet from a second door and/or access panel.
  • any one or more of the access doors may be bifold or trifold doors.
  • Computing systems such as computer server systems are often rack-mounted systems in which removable electronic equipment is positioned (e.g. , stacked) in a shelf-like manner within the slots (e.g., locations along rails) of a frame or rack.
  • Racking systems permit electronic equipment to be organized substantially vertically and provide for the efficient use of space. Electronic equipment can be slid in and out of slots in the rack-mounting system.
  • the slots of a rack may accommodate servers, or components of a server/server system including, but not limited to, digital electronic storage such as random-access memory (RAM).
  • RAM random-access memory
  • the slots of a rack may also accommodate network interfaces, parallel and/or serial ports, memory drives (e.g., solid state drives, floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, compact disk (CD) drives, and/or digital video disk (DVD) drives), small computer systems interfaces (SCSI), high-definition multimedia interfaces (HDMI), controllers (e.g. , bus or video controllers), routers, power condition and/or surge protection equipment and the like.
  • memory drives e.g., solid state drives, floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, compact disk (CD) drives, and/or digital video disk (DVD) drives
  • SCSI small computer systems interfaces
  • HDMI high-definition multimedia interfaces
  • controllers e.g. , bus or video controllers
  • routers power condition and/or surge protection equipment and the like.
  • EIA Electronic Industries Alliance
  • standard server racking e.g., “nineteen-inch” racks
  • racks have mount rails 17.75 inches (450.85 mm) apart with a height measured in l.75-inch (44.45 mm) increments.
  • a 42U rack would have an internal rack unit height dimension of 73.5 inches (1.8669 m).
  • at least one, two or three of the data center modules e.g.
  • all of the modules) in a modular data center contains a rack with 42U-48U of internal rack space (e.g., the data center modules are fitted with a 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 or 48U rack).
  • the rack space may be divided among two or more racks (two or more smaller racks may be used to provide the same amount of rack space) located together in one compartment of a data center module (e.g., a series of racks that may be stackable totaling 42U to 48U of space).
  • at least one, two or three of the data center modules (e.g. , all of the modules) in a modular data center contains 42U of internal rack space (e.g., are fitted with a 42U rack).
  • At least one, two or three of the data center modules (e.g., all of the modules) in a modular data center contains 44U of internal rack space (e.g., are fitted with a 44U rack). In another embodiment, at least one, two or three of the data center modules in a modular data center (e.g., all of the modules) contains 48U of internal rack space (e.g., are fitted with a 48U rack).
  • racks for electronic equipment may be housed in a compartment of the same data center module separately from the systems that support the electronic equipment in the rack(s) (e.g., separately from any one or more of the cooling, backup power, and fire suppression).
  • each of the data center modules is provided with at least one of a redundant cooling system, a redundant backup power system, and when present, a fire suppression system that may also be redundant.
  • the data center modules have redundant cooling and backup power systems, and a single fire suppression system.
  • the data center modules have redundant cooling, redundant backup power, and redundant fire suppression systems.
  • the data center modules have redundant cooling, a single backup power system, and a single fire suppression system.
  • the data center modules have redundant cooling and backup power systems but no internal fire suppression system.
  • the cooling, backup power, and fire suppression systems of the data center modules are independent of those for the anteroom, data room, and any other portion of the modular data center, and are not shared with other data center modules.
  • at least one (e.g., each) individual data center module in a data room may have at least two cooling units, two backup power supplies (backup power supply units), and two fire suppression units dedicated to equipment housed within the individual data center module.
  • at least one individual data center module in a data room has at least two cooling units and one (or two) fire suppression units, and a single backup power supply unit dedicated to equipment housed within the individual data center module.
  • at least one individual data center module in a data room has at least two cooling systems and two backup power supply units and a single fire suppression system dedicated to equipment housed within the individual data center module.
  • one of the two or more redundant units may act as a primary unit for providing each of cooling, backup power, and fire suppression, with the second of the redundant units on standby until the primary unit (e.g., primary cooling) fails, at which time the second redundant unit becomes operative and takes over the function of the failed unit.
  • one of the redundant cooling, backup power, and fire suppression units may act as a primary (first) group, with a secondary group of cooling, backup power, and fire suppression units on standby until any of the units in the primary group fails, at which time all the units in the primary group are shut down and the secondary group takes over all functions of the primary (first) group.
  • the system will have a heat exchanger (e.g., a refrigerant evaporator coil) located internally to the data center module for collecting at least a portion of the heat generated within the data center module, and a heat exchanger (e.g., refrigerant condenser) located outside of the modular data center for dissipating the collected heat.
  • a heat exchanger e.g., a refrigerant evaporator coil
  • a heat exchanger e.g., refrigerant condenser
  • cooling of the interior of the data center module cabinet, or one or more compartments thereof may be conducted using refrigerant cooled air circulating within the cabinet or compartment (e.g. , cooling air may be directed to a compartment of the cabinet in which racks, which may contain electronic equipment, are located, and does not circulate with the air in the data room when the cabinet doors are closed).
  • Refrigerant cooled air is generally formed by passing refrigerant through a heat exchanger, where the refrigerant expands and cools the heat exchanger while warm air is passed over the heat exchanger, losing heat to the refrigerant and becoming cooled in the process. Heat accumulated by the refrigerant is dissipated in a heat exchanger located outside of the modular data center.
  • the efficiency of the system associated with one or more of the data center modules may also be increased by incorporating adjustable output (e.g., infinitely adjustable) compressors, and adjustable speed fans on the cooling units and/or internal to the data center modules for circulating/recirculating cooling air.
  • adjustable output e.g., infinitely adjustable
  • adjustable speed fans on the cooling units and/or internal to the data center modules for circulating/recirculating cooling air.
  • Circulation/recirculation of cooled air within the cabinet may be conducted using air circulation equipment within the cabinet, such as one or more fans, blowers, and/or the like.
  • air circulation equipment such as one or more fans, blowers, and/or the like.
  • individual electronic components such as servers, may be equipped with dedicated air circulating equipment.
  • the air circulation/recirculation equipment may be variable output (e.g., use variable speed/variable load motors).
  • DCLC Direct Contact Liquid Cooling
  • a cooled (e.g., liquid cooled) heat sink or collector may be installed in the data center module.
  • DCLC permits cooling of electronics generating heat within the cabinet by directly contacting the component generating heat with a cooled (e.g., liquid cooled) heat sink or collector.
  • the dissipation of heat generated within the modular data center, including the modular data center modules, may be accomplished using heat exchangers located externally to the modular data center.
  • one, two, three, four, five, six, or more (e.g., all) of the heat exchangers for dissipating heat collected by each of the individual cooling units located within the data center, and/or within the data center modules are located: (i) on one lateral exterior wall of the modular data center; (ii) on the top wall (roof) of the modular data center; (iii) on one or more (e.g. , two, three or more) lateral exterior walls of the modular data center; or (iv) on one or more (e.g., two, three or more) lateral exterior walls and the top wall of the modular data center.
  • all of the individual heat exchangers for dissipating heat collected by each of the individual cooling units are located on the exterior lateral wall in which entrance door 10, which provides access to the anteroom, is located (see, e.g. , Figs. 1-3).
  • all of the individual heat exchangers for dissipating heat collected by each of the individual cooling units are located on the exterior lateral wall opposite to the wall in which entrance door 10 is located.
  • the heat exchangers may be attached to the container doors 12 or attached to the wall of an alcove formed in the end of the modular data center that is not exposed until the container doors are opened.
  • the capacity of the cooling systems may, in certain embodiments, be two, or more, two to three, or three or more times the heat generated by the electronic equipment in the data center module.
  • each of the redundant cooling units may be designed to dissipate from about 12 to about 18 kW (or more) worth of residual heat.
  • the designed heat dissipation capacity may be from about 14 to about 21 kW (or more).
  • the designed heat dissipation capacity may be from about 16 to about 24 kW (or more) or about 18 to about 30 kW (or more), respectively.
  • Excess cooling capacity in the redundant cooling units may intentionally be provided to support the incorporation of equipment with higher energy consumption than expected in the present design. Accordingly, where the electronics have a power consumption of about 10 kW, the dissipation capacity could be from about 20 to about 30 kW without planning for higher energy consumption, or if planning for additional energy consumption from about 30 to about 50 kW.
  • the redundant power supply comprises two or more independent power supplies (power supply units), which each act as an“uninterruptable” power supply or UPS.
  • UPS independent power supplies
  • the function of those units is to provide backup power from one or more separate strands of batteries and/or capacitors associated with a UPS unit when external power is lost.
  • backup power is supplied from charged batteries.
  • the back-up batteries and/or capacitors may be designed to provide power for a specified period of time in the event of an external power failure. In various embodiments, backup power is supplied for 3 minutes or more, at least 5 minutes or more, 10 minutes or more, or 15 minutes or more. Batteries may be provided with their own dedicated cooling system and, depending on the size of the batteries and/or the time backup power is required, may be located in a separate compartment of the data center module’s cabinet or outside of the cabinet.
  • the redundant power supply units may also act as surge protectors and otherwise condition the electricity reaching electronics installed in the data center module (e.g. , racked in the data center module).
  • each data center module is provided with at least one fire suppression system and may be provided with a redundant fire suppression system comprising two (or more) independent fire suppression units that are housed fully or partially within the cabinet of each data center module.
  • the redundant fire suppression systems may release fire suppressants, such as hydrofluorocarbons (e.g. , 3M NOVEC 1230TM or DuPontTM FM-200®, also known as HFC-227ea or heptafluoropropane), an inert gas (e.g. , nitrogen or argon), CO2 or a combination of any of the foregoing.
  • a tank (or tanks) containing the fire suppressant may be located on or adjacent to the data center module and fluidically connected to the internal fire suppression units.
  • data center modules may not be equipped with a fire suppression system, instead relying on fire suppression in the data center for fire protection.
  • each cabinet is made of nonflammable material (e.g. , one or more metals, such as steel or aluminum, or one or more metals and glass) and is essentially (substantially) air tight
  • the cabinet itself limits the ability of a fire to sustain itself and/or spread.
  • the substantially air-tight nature of such cabinets not only limits the supply of air needed to sustain a fire, but it also limits the escape of fire suppressants from the cabinet, thereby more effectively controlling or eliminating any fire that may occur.
  • the release of fire suppressants may be triggered by sensors that detect smoke, elevated temperature, and/or infrared light in excess of predetermined limits within a cabinet of the data center module.
  • Data center modules may also be equipped with a manual mechanism to trigger release of fire suppressant.
  • the data center modules may be equipped with one or more humidity and/or temperature sensors for measuring temperature and/or humidity at various locations (e.g. , the temperature and humidity levels affecting various equipment located within the cabinet).
  • various locations e.g. , the temperature and humidity levels affecting various equipment located within the cabinet.
  • the temperature of various equipment e.g. , one or more servers located in a rack house within the cabinet may be assessed.
  • the data center module may be equipped with infrared and smoke sensors as discussed above. As discussed below, the data center modules may also be equipped with security sensors.
  • Sensors may be used to regulate the environment within the cabinet automatically. For example, when temperature sensors indicate the temperature is too high, they may signal for increased cooling, such as by regulating fan speed, or compressor duty cycle (fraction of time in operation). Similarly, elevated humidity may be adjusted by changing cooling system factors. When primary systems fail to produce the response signaled for by the sensors after a given time period (e.g. , sufficient cooling is not being achieved), the sensors may trigger the data center module to switch the function to a redundant system where it is available.
  • any of the sensors when any of the sensors detect an environmental condition outside of the normal operating range and/or outside of a predetermined range, they may cause an audible alarm to sound in the modular data center and/or transmit a notice/warning indication to a remote location monitoring the modular data center.
  • Security features that may be provided for the modular data center and the data center modules it houses include security cameras for visual surveillance (including potentially recording) of images.
  • the surveillance area may include, but is not limited to, any one or more of the top of the modular data center, the area around the modular data center, and/or any doors permitting access to the modular data center.
  • Security cameras may also be installed in the mantrap, the MMR (if separated from the remainder of the mantrap, the data room and/or the cabinets of the data center modules.
  • Access to the modular data center is secured by mechanical and/or electronic (e.g., an electronic security device sometimes referred to as a“FOB” and/or biometric) systems.
  • the data center may be secured with separate levels or zones having different levels of security.
  • the lowest level of security would permit access to the mantrap (anteroom).
  • the next level of security permits access to (i) a portion of the mantrap that functions as a separate MMR (15) when a physical partition 16 (e.g., a door) is present and/or (ii) electrical equipment and/or electrical equipment panels 17 by way of secure housings 19.
  • the data room is the highest security zone, and access to it may be at a higher level than the mantrap and/or the MMR.
  • Each door leading to the data room may be separately secured, such as by mechanical and/or electronic (e.g., FOB or biometric) locks.
  • electronic locks e.g., FOB or biometric
  • mechanical locking overrides such as mechanically keyed or combination locks, may be employed so that the door can be opened in the event of a power failure.
  • the data center modules may be equipped with individual security measures including but not limited to video cameras, sensors indicating access doors or access panels in the cabinet have been opened, and electronic and/or mechanical locks on some or all doors and/or access panels giving admittance to the interior of the cabinet.
  • At least one of the data center modules (e.g. , at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or all of the data center modules) present in a modular data center comprises a security lock on at least one of the access doors/panels, providing admittance to the interior of the module’s cabinet, and/or a camera that is either internal or external to the cabinet, wherein the camera is oriented to visualize any one or more individual(s) accessing the cabinet from the side where the camera is installed.
  • a security lock on at least one of the access doors/panels providing admittance to the interior of the module’s cabinet
  • a camera that is either internal or external to the cabinet, wherein the camera is oriented to visualize any one or more individual(s) accessing the cabinet from the side where the camera is installed.
  • At least one of the data center modules (e.g. , at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or all of the data center modules) present in a modular data center comprises two or more (e.g., three or more, four or more, five or more, or six or more) sub-compartments providing access to separately secured portions of the electronic equipment housed in the data center module.
  • separate secure access may be provided to the compartment(s) housing the cooling, fire suppression and/or power backup systems (e.g., the access may be separated by a mechanical and/or electronic lock“keyed” differently from those providing access to any of the compartments or sub compartments housing electronic equipment).
  • each sub-compartment door may have separate access rights (be“keyed” separately).
  • each pair of“front” and“back” doors to a sub-compartment may have the same access rights (be keyed identically) so that a user will have access to the front and back faces of equipment in the rack, but not to other sub-compartments of the data center module’s cabinet or the equipment therein.
  • the data center modules within the shippable container of the modular data center, and more specifically within the data room, may be independently movable.
  • the data center modules may be equipped with wheels (e.g., caster wheels) on their underside (e.g. , the underside of the cabinet).
  • the data center modules are independently moveable along one or more guides, rails and/or tracks that are elevated above the floor of the shippable container, and/or along one or more channels or grooves in the floor of the shippable container.
  • the data center modules may be designed such that one, two or more of the wheels on the underside of the module engage by or limited in the area they may move by the guide(s), rail(s), track(s), groove(s) or channel(s) 14 provided for guiding the modules.
  • the rail(s), track(s), channel(s) and/or groove(s) in the floor are parallel to one lateral exterior wall, and at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or all of the data center modules are movable parallel to that lateral wall.
  • the data center module is equipped with wheels on its underside, and the track, or in this instance a track area, is formed by an“L-shaped” guide (e.g., piece of metal such as an “angle iron”) attached to the floor, and the wall.
  • the L-shaped guide is located substantially parallel to a wall of the data center along which the modules are located (see, e.g. , Figs. 1-3) and close enough to the wall (e.g., within 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2 inches from the wall) so that at least one (e.g., two or more) of the wheels on the underside of the cabinet will be retained within the track area between the guide and the wall.
  • At least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or all of the data center modules is movable along a single rail, track, guide, channel, or groove in the floor parallel to one lateral exterior wall.
  • the single rail, track, guide, channel, or groove in the floor may be located within about 1 foot of the wall (e.g. , within 10, 8, 6, 4 or 2 inches from the wall).
  • At least one of the data center modules further comprises one or more restraint mechanisms (not shown) that, when engaged, prevents the data center modules from moving within the modular data center.
  • the one or more restraint mechanisms include locks on the wheels affixed to the underside of the cabinet and/or mechanisms that engage the floor, one or more rails/tracks attached to the floor, and/or channels in the floor where the mechanisms prevent data center module movement (e.g. , rolling).
  • Locks, or secure attachment points that attach or permit the attachment of the data center modules to at least one lateral wall of the modular data center represent another mechanism for restraining data center module movement.
  • Such locks/attachment points may be placed at a variety of heights above the floor, and in one embodiment the locks and/or attachment points are placed near the top, the middle (centrally located) and/or bottom of the data center module. In one embodiment, the locks and/or attachment points are placed at a height about halfway between the top and bottom of the data center module (centrally located). Locks and/or attachment points that engage (or permit engagement of) one or more lateral walls may be used either alone or in conjunction with other restraint mechanisms such as wheel locks and mechanisms that engage channels or rails of the floor.
  • the data center modules may be held in a particular location in the data room by engaging restraint mechanisms and/or locking/attaching the modules to one or more lateral walls of the data room.
  • the modules may be freed from the attachments, restraints and locks, so they are displaceable, and moved to a location where the module is more accessible if necessary.
  • the modular data centers described herein may be provided with a data link that directly or indirectly connects equipment in the modular data center, including electronic equipment in the data center module(s), with one or more systems (e.g. , telecommunication, intranet, and/or internet systems) external to the modular data center.
  • the data link may take a variety of forms including hard wire connections (e.g., coaxial cable, twisted pair), fiber optic connections, and/or wireless connections.
  • the data room serves as the location where the data link connects data center modules and electronic equipment therein to external systems.
  • the data room may include wireless networks and/or cables (hard wire or optical) that connect electronic equipment in the data room and/or the data center modules with the data link, thereby permitting communication with one or more external sources.
  • the mantrap (anteroom acting as an MMR) serves as the location where the data link connects data center modules and electronic equipment therein to external systems.
  • the mantrap may include one or more panels permitting connections between the external (e.g., incoming) lines within the cables of the data link and cables connected to and providing communication with, the data center module(s) and/or equipment located therein.
  • the modular data centers described herein may be equipped with a power supply link that permits the power distribution system of the modular data center (e.g., wiring and circuits including step-down or step-up transformers as necessary) to be connected to electrical power provided by an external source (e.g., a power grid, solar panels and/or a local dedicated generator).
  • the link itself may take a variety of forms including, but not limited to, a socket, cable end fitting (e.g., a pin and sleeve connector), circuit box, and the like. Accordingly, when provided with external power via the power supply link, the power distribution system distributes the externally supplied power to equipment in the modular data center including, but not limited to, the data center modules in the data room.
  • the power distribution system of the modular data center may also include one or more surge protection devices, or devices that“clean” or“condition” incoming power so that it conforms with the requirements of the electronic equipment installed in the modular data center or data center modules.
  • An electrical ground system may also be included in the power distribution system or as a separate system to ensure that all components including, but not limited to, the data center modules are properly grounded.
  • the power supply link may connect with the modular data center in the data room, in the anteroom or in the MMR, if present. In an embodiment, more than one power supply link (e.g., sheathed cable access) may be provided, and each may connect with the modular data center at a different independently selected location.
  • the modular data center is equipped with data center modules that are designed for 4 wire three phase power use and may be equipped with star or delta configuration transformers providing, for example, 120, 208, and/or 240 volts.
  • the power supply link may need to provide enough power to the modular data center to accommoda te about 7 kW of power consumption by electronic equipment (e.g., servers and other computer or IT equipment), or about 25 kW per data center module in addition to the power required for operation of other equipment in the data center itself.
  • Solar panels attached to the roof or located near the modular data center may offset all or part of the power required to operate the modular data center.
  • the modular data center will operate on 200-240 volts 60 Hz AC current, with cooling for the data center modules provided by three phase systems (e.g., three phase four wire systems).
  • each data center module may draw from about 7 to about 8 kW for operation of electronic equipment installed (e.g., in 42U-48U racks), while cooling and operation of other components of the data module require from about 15 to about 20 kW (e.g., about 15 to about 17 kW) and may operate on a 200 ampere or higher (e.g., 220, 240, 260, 280 or 300 ampere) service.
  • a 200 ampere or higher e.g., 220, 240, 260, 280 or 300 ampere
  • one or more of the data center modules is directly or indirectly connected to the data link and/or the power supply link by electrical (e.g. , cable) connections located above the data center module(s) (e.g., the connecting cables are suspended from the top wall (inner ceiling) and enter the data modules via ports or connectors in the top and/or sides of the data center modules).
  • electrical e.g. , cable
  • the modular data centers described herein find use in a variety of applications including, but not limited to, support of telecommunication activity, local intranet applications or internet applications, local data/information storage and/or as a portable server room.
  • a modular data center comprising:
  • a shippable container comprising lateral exterior walls, doors, a top wall (roof), and a floor defining an exterior surface and an interior space, the interior space being divided into a data room and an anteroom by a partition wall, wherein a portion of the anteroom optionally functions as a meet-me-room that is separately secured by a door/gate and/or has separately secured electronic equipment (e.g., secured equipment panels);
  • each of the data center modules comprising an individual cabinet, wherein the individual cabinet contains
  • racks each comprising two or more (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 or more) slots and/or shelves for electronic equipment (e.g., computer equipment such as servers, memory, drives, and the like),
  • electronic equipment e.g., computer equipment such as servers, memory, drives, and the like
  • a redundant cooling system (e.g., for cooling electronic equipment in the slots/shelves) comprising two or more independent cooling units, each cooling unit associated with the one or more racks in an individual data center module cabinet (and/or computer equipment in the slots for computer equipment in the rack(s) of an individual cabinet) so that each data center module has two separate cooling units unique to it, each cooling unit comprising a heat exchanger that collects and transfers at least a portion of the heat generated within the individual cabinet (e.g., by computer equipment such as servers) to a heat exchanger located outside the modular data center, (c) all or part of a redundant power supply comprising two or more independent power supplies (e.g. , batteries and/or capacitors) for supplying power to the computer equipment systems that are housed fully or partially within the cabinet of each data center module,
  • a redundant cooling system e.g., for cooling electronic equipment in the slots/shelves
  • each cooling unit associated with the one or more racks in an individual data center module cabinet (and/or computer equipment in the slots
  • a fire suppression system may comprise one or, when redundant, two independent fire suppression units that are housed fully or partially within the cabinet of each data center module, and optionally
  • a heat exchanger e.g., an individual heat exchanger located outside of the modular data center for each cooling unit, the heat exchanger dissipating the heat collected by its associated cooling unit;
  • a data link and/or equipment for connecting equipment associated with and/or within the modular data center, including, but not limited to, computer equipment within the modular data center or its data center modules, to a network (e.g. , telecommunication network, intranet, and/or internet) external to the shippable container;
  • a network e.g. , telecommunication network, intranet, and/or internet
  • a power supply link adapted to supply externally supplied electrical power to the data center and/or the data center modules (e.g. , the power supplies of the data center modules);
  • an exterior door in one of the lateral exterior walls providing access to the anteroom from the exterior of the container, an anteroom door in the partition wall providing access between the anteroom and the data room, and an interlock mechanism preventing the exterior door and the anteroom door from being opened at the same time (unless overridden), wherein the exterior and/or anteroom doors optionally comprise electronic, biometric, and/or mechanical locks; and optionally
  • cooling units associated with the one or more racks in the cabinet of each data center module provide cooling by circulating/recirculating air within all or part of the cabinet (e.g., by means of a fan or blower) or by direct contact liquid cooling of computer equipment;
  • one or more of the data center modules (e.g. , ah of the modules) is independently moveable within the shippable container.
  • lateral exterior walls, the top wall, and/or the floor comprise metal, plastic, wood, concrete, stucco, and/or fiberglass.
  • lateral exterior walls, the top wall, and/or the floor are comprised of a ferrous metal (e.g., steel) or aluminum.
  • lateral exterior walls, the top wall, and/or the floor are comprised of corrugated metal (e.g., corrugated aluminum and/or steel).
  • the surface area of the anteroom floor is from 9 to 40 square feet (e.g. , 9 to 15, 15 to 25, 25 to 36, 30 to 40 square feet or less than 40, 36, 30, 25, 20, 15 or 10 square feet.
  • the modular data center of any preceding embodiment further comprising at least one heating/cooling and control system (e.g., separate systems) for sensing and regulating the humidity and temperature of the anteroom and/or data room.
  • at least one heating/cooling and control system e.g., separate systems
  • each of the separate compartments is substantially a rectangular prism.
  • the one or more racks are located together in the first compartment (or its sub compartments);
  • the one or more racks are located together in the first compartment (or its sub compartments);
  • each of the compartments is substantially a rectangular prism, and the second and third compartments are located on opposite sides of the first compartment (i.e., on opposite faces of the first compartment, see, e.g. , Fig. 4D).
  • each of the compartments is substantially a rectangular prism, and the second and third compartments are located on the same side of the first compartment (i.e., on the same face of the first compartment, see, e.g. , Fig. 4C).
  • each compartment or sub-compartment of the cabinet is substantially a rectangular prism and has a first and second access door and/or an access panel on opposite sides of the cabinet or compartment.
  • each compartment and/or sub compartment of the cabinet is substantially a rectangular prism, and wherein each compartment of the cabinet has a first door and/or access panel on the opposite side of the cabinet from a second door and/or access panel.
  • the at least one of the data center modules comprises a security lock on at least one door/panel providing access to the cabinet (e.g., a compartment or sub-compartment of the cabinet) and/or a camera that is either internal or external to the cabinet, wherein the camera is oriented to visualize any one or more individual(s) accessing the cabinet.
  • a modular data center comprising:
  • a shippable container comprising lateral exterior walls, doors, a top wall (roof), and a floor defining an exterior surface and an interior space, wherein the interior space is divided by a partition wall into a data room and an anteroom;
  • At least one heating/cooling and control system e.g., separate systems
  • an exterior door in one of the lateral exterior walls providing access to the anteroom from the exterior of the container, an anteroom door in the partition wall providing access between the anteroom and the data room, and an interlock mechanism preventing the exterior door and the anteroom door from being opened at the same time (unless overridden), wherein the exterior and/or anteroom doors optionally comprise electronic, biometric, and/or mechanical locks;
  • a portion of the anteroom optionally functions as a meet-me-room that is separately secured by a door/gate and/or has separately secured electronic equipment (e.g., secured equipment panels).
  • any one of embodiments 43-47, wherein the ratio of square footage of the anteroom to the square footage of the data room is from about 5: 1 to about 1 :50 (e.g., from about 5: 1 to about 1 :50, about 1 : 1 to about 1 :50, about 1 :2 to about 1 : 10, about 1 :4 to about 1:50, about 1:4 to about 1 :40, about 1:4 to about 1:30, about 1 :4 to about 1 :20, about 1 :4 to about 1 : 10, about 1: 10 to about 1:50, about 1 : 10 to about 1 :40, about 1: 10 to about 1 :30, or about 1 : 10 to about 1 :20).
  • the ratio of square footage of the anteroom to the square footage of the data room is from about 5: 1 to about 1 :50 (e.g., from about 5: 1 to about 1 :50, about 1 : 1 to about 1 :50, about 1 :2 to about 1 :
  • lateral exterior walls, the top wall, and/or the floor comprise metal, plastic, wood, concrete, stucco, and/or fiberglass.
  • lateral exterior walls, the top wall, and/or the floor are comprised of metal.
  • the modular data center of embodiment 50 wherein the lateral exterior walls, the top wall, and/or the floor (e.g., the lateral walls and/or top wall) are comprised of a ferrous metal (e.g., steel) or aluminum.
  • a ferrous metal e.g., steel
  • the surface area of the anteroom floor (anteroom square footage) is from 9 to 36 square feet (e.g., 9 to 15, 15 to 25, 25 to 36 square feet or less than 36, 30, 25, 20, 15 or 10 square feet).
  • modular data center of any one of embodiments 43 to 54, wherein the modular data center comprises one or more, two or more, three or more or four or more data center modules.
  • the modular data center of embodiment 55 or 56, wherein at least one (e.g., at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five or all) of the data center modules present in the modular data center is comprised of a cabinet that is divided into two separate compartments or three separate compartments (see, e.g. , Figs. 4A-4D).
  • each data center module has at least one cooling system associated with the data center module not associated with any other data center module.
  • a method of providing access to equipment within a modular data center comprising; operating all electronic (e.g., biometric) and mechanical locks securing the exterior door to release the locks and gain admittance to the anteroom of the modular data center; and
  • a method of controlling (limiting) the amount of moisture entering a data room of a modular data center comprising:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur des centres de données modulaires qui peuvent être équipés d'une antichambre qui fait fonction de salle d'interconnexion et qui contiennent des modules de centre de données individuels logés dans une salle de données, et sur des procédés pour leur fonctionnement permettant de sécuriser des équipements sensibles dans le centre de données modulaire contre un accès non autorisé et contre des dommages environnementaux provoqués, par exemple, par l'humidité. Le centre de données modulaire et/ou chacun des modules de centre de données peuvent fournir un accès sécurisé indépendant à de multiples utilisateurs pour différents ensembles d'équipements électroniques. La sécurité à chaque niveau peut être assurée par des mécanismes mécaniques et/ou électroniques (par exemple, FOB ou biométriques). Les centres de données modulaires sont de construction robuste pour être utilisés dans des environnements potentiellement dommageables aux équipements informatiques, y compris des environnements à forte humidité.
PCT/US2019/033185 2018-05-21 2019-05-20 Centre de données modulaire utilisant des modules de centre de données indépendants WO2019226574A1 (fr)

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CA3101101A CA3101101A1 (fr) 2018-05-21 2019-05-20 Centre de donnees modulaire utilisant des modules de centre de donnees independants

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US11982108B2 (en) 2020-06-26 2024-05-14 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp Security system having an electronic lock to control access to electronic devices

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