WO2019224406A1 - Device, system and method for detecting fraudulent connections in electrical energy distribution installations - Google Patents

Device, system and method for detecting fraudulent connections in electrical energy distribution installations Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019224406A1
WO2019224406A1 PCT/ES2018/070373 ES2018070373W WO2019224406A1 WO 2019224406 A1 WO2019224406 A1 WO 2019224406A1 ES 2018070373 W ES2018070373 W ES 2018070373W WO 2019224406 A1 WO2019224406 A1 WO 2019224406A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
meter
electrical connections
connector
fuse
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2018/070373
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jesús UGARRIO RAMIREZ
Original Assignee
Gas Natural Sdg, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gas Natural Sdg, S.A. filed Critical Gas Natural Sdg, S.A.
Priority to PCT/ES2018/070373 priority Critical patent/WO2019224406A1/en
Publication of WO2019224406A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019224406A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
    • G01R1/22—Tong testers acting as secondary windings of current transformers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electric power distribution networks, and more specifically to the detection of frauds in said networks.
  • US 2014/0300210 A1 presents a control and measurement system of a secondary electricity distribution network that allows to identify some cases of fraud, theft, cuts, reconnections, etc.
  • the system comprises a control center connected to a plurality of counter modules, which generate a phasor with detailed information on the electrical operating parameters.
  • this approach to the problem presents as inconveniences the need to replace the meter systems previously installed in the users' buildings, as well as the vulnerability of said meters, even after providing them with communication capabilities.
  • US 4,175,813 has an adapter that can be connected to electric meters that prevents reconnection of devices when they are temporarily uninstalled from their usual position. That is, if a user removes a meter from the wall in order to alter its measurement or operation, he cannot reposition it, betraying his actions.
  • US 5,473,322 A uses both sensors that detect displacements of the counter position, and sensors that determine the temporary cut of electric flow. In the event of any of the two events, an alarm signal is generated that is stored in a non-volatile memory together with the usual consumption parameters of the meter. Access to non-volatile memory can then be done through telephone lines, power lines or radiofrequency circuits.
  • US 6,118,269 introduces a light emitting diode into the counters, whose signal is only received by a transistor when the counter is improperly manipulated.
  • a microprocessor connected to the transistor then generates an alarm signal that is transmitted in real time to a central server through a communications network.
  • the present invention solves the problems described above by means of a technique for detecting fraudulent connections in electric power distribution facilities that allows comparing a first intensity in an installation meter with a second intensity in a centralization bar.
  • a device for detecting fraudulent connections in electric power distribution facilities comprising the following elements: - A base with at least a first terminal and a second electrical terminal, which also has a first connector adapted to be connected to a fuse connector of the electric power distribution system. That is, through the first connector, the device can be connected to an installation receptacle, intended for fuses during the usual operation of said installation.
  • Said first connector can be, for example, an FS100 fuse connector or a NEOZED fuse connector, although any other fuse connection technology known in the state of the art can be implemented alternatively.
  • a calibrated fuse that is to say, of known electrical characteristics that allow to correctly evaluate the current that passes through the device.
  • the fuse comprises a first terminal, connected to the first terminal of the base, and a second terminal, connected to an ammeter coil.
  • ammeter coil comprising a first end connected to the second terminal of the calibrated fuse and a second end connected to the second terminal of the base.
  • An insulating body which houses the calibrated fuse inside.
  • the ampere coil can be totally outside the insulating body, partially outside the insulating body, or totally inside said insulating body.
  • auxiliary output for connection of auxiliary equipment, connected to the second terminal of the base by means of an auxiliary cable.
  • Said auxiliary cable therefore allows to redirect part of the current drawn from the electrical power distribution installation, and provide electrical energy to any equipment connected to the auxiliary output, such as volt-ammeter clamps to measure the voltage of the network.
  • a device for detecting fraudulent electrical connections according to any embodiment of the first aspect of the invention. That is, a device with a base that can be connected to a fuse connection of the electrical installation, a calibrated fuse and an ammeter coil.
  • An intensity meter with ammeter clamps adapted to measure the current that passes through the ampere coil of the device for detecting fraudulent electrical connections.
  • the intensity meter may be adapted to be connected to an auxiliary output of the device for detecting fraudulent electrical connections, to avoid the need for additional batteries or power cables.
  • a processor with calculation means that detect fraudulent electrical connections by comparing two intensity values: a first value that represents the intensity that a counter of the installation crosses, and a second value that represents the intensity that crosses a centralization bar.
  • the second value is measured by means of the intensity meter on the ammeter coil of the device, when said device is connected to a fuse connection of said centralization bar.
  • the first value can be measured well by the counter itself; either by means of the meter with a volt-ammeter current clamp at the meter input.
  • the processor may be well implemented in the intensity meter itself, or in a remote device. If located on a remote device, the intensity meter comprises first means of communication (wired or wireless, in accordance with any technology and communication protocol known in the state of the art) that transmit the measurements made to a few seconds. of processor communication.
  • the result of the comparison of values of current made by the processor can either be shown directly to the user through an interface intended for this purpose, or sent automatically to a database.
  • Said database may be either on the same processor equipment, or on a separate computer connected to the processor by the same or by other means of communication.
  • a method of detecting fraudulent connections in electric power distribution facilities comprising the following steps:
  • the device for detecting fraudulent electrical connections is connected to a fuse connection of said centralization bar, and the intensity that passes through the amperemeter coil of the device is measured.
  • a computer program comprising computer program code means adapted to implement the described method, when running on a computer, a digital signal processor, a specific integrated circuit of the application, a microprocessor, a microcontroller or any other form of programmable hardware.
  • any preferred option or implementation of the device and system of the invention can be applied to particular embodiments of the steps of the method and computer program of the invention.
  • said device and system of the invention can be configured to perform steps of any preferred option or implementation of the method and computer program of the invention.
  • the device, system, method and computer program described therefore, provide an electric fraud detection tool capable of quickly, easily and robustly detecting connections omitted by traditional methods.
  • the portability of the detection device prevents it from being able to be altered without the knowledge of the operator, while allowing other installation devices to be connected easily and safely, such as noise cases, e-control, standard counters, voltmeters , ammeters, etc.
  • the safety of the operators is improved, since the electrical risks are reduced as it is not necessary to remove veils or protections from the cabinets to connect measurement clamps to the facilities busbars.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the main elements of the fraudulent connection detection device of the invention, in accordance with a particular embodiment thereof.
  • Figure 2 shows an elevation of the device for detecting fraudulent connections, for a particular embodiment with FS100 connection.
  • Figure 3 shows an elevation of the device for detecting fraudulent connections, for a particular embodiment with NEOZED connection.
  • Figure 4 presents a plan view of the device for detecting fraudulent connections of the invention, in accordance with a particular embodiment thereof.
  • Figure 5 schematically illustrates the main elements of the fraudulent connection detection system of the invention, in accordance with a particular embodiment thereof.
  • Figure 6 presents an example of the application scenario of the method of the invention, in accordance with a particular embodiment thereof.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of the device (100) for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500) in an electrical energy distribution installation (400) of the invention, which in turn is part of a preferred embodiment of the system of the invention, and which is used for the measurement of intensities performed in the steps of a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention.
  • the device (100) comprises a base (110) with a first connector (120) for connection in fuse ports. That is, the first connector (120) is morphologically and electrically adapted to be able to be introduced into a fuse connection of an electric power distribution installation (400), deriving the current through said fuse connection to the device itself (100). Also, the base (1 10) comprises a first terminal (T bi ) and a second terminal (T b2 ) electrically connected to two isolated ports of said first connector (120).
  • the current enters through a port of the first connector (120), is redirected to one of the two terminals (for example, the first terminal , T bi ), goes through the rest of the elements of the device (100), and returns to the base (110) through the opposite terminal (in this example, the second terminal, T b2 ), to finally leave the device (100) a through the opposite port of the first connector (120).
  • the two terminals for example, the first terminal , T bi
  • the opposite terminal in this example, the second terminal, T b2
  • the device (100) also comprises a calibrated fuse (130) with a first terminal (Tn) and a second terminal (T f2 ) at opposite ends of said calibrated fuse (130).
  • the first terminal (Tn) of the calibrated fuse is connected to the first terminal (T bi ) of the base (110), while the second terminal (T f2 ) is connected to an ammeter coil (140).
  • a calibrated fuse (130) is understood as any fuse whose physical and / or electrical characteristics are suitable for charging the electric power distribution system (400), preferably with an intensity value of 50 amps.
  • the ammeter coil (140) is a conductive element of known physical and / or electrical characteristics, such as a copper cable of known length and diameter, protected by an insulating sheath.
  • the ampere coil is connected by a first end (T ci ) to the second terminal (T f2 ) of the calibrated fuse (130) and by a second end (T c2 ) to the second terminal (T b2 ) of the base (110).
  • the conductor element of the ampere coil (140) preferably has 0.6 / 1 kV, a section of 6 mm 2 , and an insulator of 1000 V.
  • the device (100) comprises an auxiliary cable (150) that redirects a small part of the voltage that circulates through the device (100) to an auxiliary output (160) that allows the auxiliary equipment of the system to be supplied.
  • the auxiliary cable comprises a third end (T ai ) connected to the second terminal (T b2 ) of the base (110), and a fourth end (T a2 ) connected to the auxiliary output (160).
  • the device (100) comprises an insulating body (170), whose interior houses the entire calibrated fuse (130) and part of the ampere coil (140), always keeping out of the insulating body (170) sufficient length of said ampere coil (140) to measure with intensity external equipment.
  • the insulating body (170) may comprise a cover (180), also insulating, to facilitate its assembly. Both the insulating body (170) and the cover (180) Additionally, the device (100) can comprise any additional insulation, protection or assembly element, such as an outer PVC shell.
  • Figure 2 presents a first example of the implementation of the device (100) described, for the particular case in which the first connector (120) of the base (110) is an FS100 fuse connector.
  • Figure 3 presents a second example of implementation of the device (100), for the particular case in which the first connector (120) of the base (110) is a NEOZED fuse connector.
  • the base (110) can comprise a specific interchangeable adapter for NEOZED 100A connectors.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the device, valid for both the first example with FS100 fuse connector, and for the second example with NEOZED fuse connector.
  • the cover (180) comprises three holes: two for input and output of the ampere coil (140), and a third hole for the auxiliary output (160).
  • Figure 5 illustrates the elements of a preferred embodiment of the system of the invention, in particular, a device (100) for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500) as described, an intensity meter (200) and a processor (300 ) performing the steps of a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention.
  • the intensity meter (200) comprises ammeter clamps (210) calibrated that measure the intensity that passes through the ampere coil (140) of the device (100), and send it to the processor (300) through first means of communication (240).
  • the first communication means (240) may be implemented in accordance with any technology and protocol, wired or wireless, known in the state of the art.
  • the intensity meter (200) can also comprise a second connector (220) adapted to be connected to the auxiliary output (160) of the device, thus avoiding the use of additional batteries or cables.
  • the intensity meter (200) may further comprise a user interface (230) to facilitate its operation, and / or to show the measured current values to the operator in real time.
  • the processor (300) in turn comprises second communication means (310) that receive the measurements made by the clamp meters (210) and transmit them to calculation means (320) that evaluate whether there is a fraudulent electrical connection (500 ).
  • the processor (300) may either be integrated in the same intensity meter equipment (200), either be a local equipment directly connected to said intensity meter (200), or be a remote equipment connected to said intensity meter (200) through a communications network.
  • the processor (300) may comprise data storage means for storing the results of the detections made by the calculation means (320).
  • the processor (300) can comprise any user interface to notify the operator of the results of said detections, said user interface being able to be integrated in the same processor equipment (300) or in a different one (for example, by the combination of a remote server that acts as a processor and a mobile application that acts as an interface).
  • the processor (300) can be made using a computer, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a microprocessor, a microcontroller or any other form of programmable hardware.
  • FIG 6 shows a schematic example of an electrical energy distribution installation (400) with a fraudulent electrical connection (500), which serves as an example of the application scenario of a particular embodiment of the method of the invention.
  • the electrical power distribution installation (400) comprises at least one meter (410) connected to a centralization bar (420) or fuse holder on one side and bypass terminals (430) on the opposite side, finally abandoning the wiring the room (or centralization) by a bypass pipe (440).
  • the fraudulent electrical connection (500) bridges the connection between the meter (410) and the centralization bar (420), and the connection between the meter (410) and the bypass terminals (430). Therefore, its detection by traditional techniques, would require current measurements on elements that are difficult to access. On the contrary, the present invention makes it possible to replace a fuse of the centralization bar (420) with the detection device (100), thus facilitating the intensity measurement without the need to disassemble the electric power distribution installation (400).
  • a first intensity value (l CO nt) is first measured, which represents the intensity that the meter (410) goes through.
  • Said first intensity value can be obtained either by the value shown by the meter itself, or by installing the volt-ammeter clamp at the meter input.
  • the fuse is removed from the centralization bar (420) corresponding to the counter (410) under analysis, and the device (100) is connected to the port of said fuse.
  • a second intensity value (l amp ) representing the intensity through the centralization bar (420) is measured with the ammeter clamps (210) on the ammeter coil (140).
  • the first intensity value (l CO nt) and the second intensity value (lamp) are compared. If there is no fraudulent electrical connection (500), both should be the same, except for a small variation due to possible limitations. techniques Therefore, a threshold is established for the relative or absolute difference between the two measures. Thus, if the difference is less than the threshold, it is considered that there is no fraudulent electrical connection (500). On the contrary, if the difference is greater than the threshold, it is considered that there is a fraudulent electrical connection (500). For example, a relative threshold of 5% can be set, so that the calculation measures perform the following check to determine if there is a fraudulent electrical connection (500):

Abstract

A device (100), method and system that allow fraudulent electrical connections (500) to be detected in an electrical energy distribution installation (400) by comparing a first intensity value (Umet) in a meter (410) and a second intensity value (Iamp) measured for a multi-meter panel (420) or service drop. The second intensity value (lamp) is measured for a current coil (140) in the device (100), said device also comprising a first connector (120) adapted for connection to a fuse connector in the electrical energy distribution installation (400) and a calibrated fuse (130).

Description

DISPOSITIVO, SISTEMA Y MÉTODO DE DETECCIÓN DE CONEXIONES FRAUDULENTAS EN INSTALACIONES DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ENERGÍA DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DETECTION OF FRAUDULENT CONNECTIONS IN ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES
ELÉCTRICA ELECTRICAL
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Objeto de la invención Object of the invention
La presente invención se refiere al campo de las redes de distribución de energía eléctrica, y más concretamente a la detección de fraudes en dichas redes. The present invention relates to the field of electric power distribution networks, and more specifically to the detection of frauds in said networks.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
En las redes de distribución de energía eléctrica, es habitual el uso de contadores individuales que cuantifican la energía consumida por cada usuario, permitiendo realizar una facturación individualizada a cada consumidor. Sin embargo, puesto que los contadores se encuentran en los edificios de los usuarios, fuera del control de las empresas suministradoras, es habitual que se realicen intentos de fraude eléctrico, típicamente mediante puentes o conexionados para extracciones ilegales de energía. In electricity distribution networks, it is common to use individual meters that quantify the energy consumed by each user, allowing individualized billing to each consumer. However, since the meters are in the buildings of the users, outside the control of the supplying companies, it is usual that attempts of electrical fraud are carried out, typically by means of bridges or connections for illegal extractions of energy.
Una alternativa reciente para luchar contra este tipo de fraudes es la monitorización remota centralizada. Por ejemplo, US 2014/0300210 A1 presenta un sistema de control y medida de una red secundaria de distribución de energía eléctrica que permite identificar algunos casos de fraude, robo, cortes, reconexiones, etc. Para ello, el sistema comprende un centro de control conectado a una pluralidad de módulos contadores, que generan un fasor con información detallada sobre los parámetros eléctricos de operación. No obstante, esta aproximación al problema presenta como inconvenientes la necesidad de reemplazar los sistemas de contadores previamente instalados en los edificios de los usuarios, así como la vulnerabilidad de dichos contadores, incluso tras dotarles de capacidades de comunicación. A recent alternative to fight against this type of fraud is centralized remote monitoring. For example, US 2014/0300210 A1 presents a control and measurement system of a secondary electricity distribution network that allows to identify some cases of fraud, theft, cuts, reconnections, etc. For this, the system comprises a control center connected to a plurality of counter modules, which generate a phasor with detailed information on the electrical operating parameters. However, this approach to the problem presents as inconveniences the need to replace the meter systems previously installed in the users' buildings, as well as the vulnerability of said meters, even after providing them with communication capabilities.
Por otra parte, se han desarrollado distintas técnicas de seguridad que proporcionan equipos contadores más robustos frente a intentos de fraude. Por ejemplo, US 4,175,813 presenta un adaptador conectable a contadores eléctricos que impide la reconexión de los dispositivos cuando éstos son desinstalados temporalmente de su posición habitual. Es decir, si un usuario quita un contador de la pared para así alterar su medición o funcionamiento, no podrá volver a recolocarlo, delatando sus acciones. On the other hand, different safety techniques have been developed that They provide more robust counting equipment against fraud attempts. For example, US 4,175,813 has an adapter that can be connected to electric meters that prevents reconnection of devices when they are temporarily uninstalled from their usual position. That is, if a user removes a meter from the wall in order to alter its measurement or operation, he cannot reposition it, betraying his actions.
En un segundo ejemplo, US 5,473,322 A utiliza tanto sensores que detectan desplazamientos de posición del contador, como sensores que determinan el corte temporal de flujo eléctrico. En caso de ocurrir cualquiera de los dos eventos, se genera una señal de alarma que queda almacenada en una memoria no volátil junto con los parámetros habituales de consumo del contador. El acceso a la memoria no volátil puede realizarse posteriormente a través de líneas de teléfono, líneas de potencia o circuitos de radiofrecuencia. In a second example, US 5,473,322 A uses both sensors that detect displacements of the counter position, and sensors that determine the temporary cut of electric flow. In the event of any of the two events, an alarm signal is generated that is stored in a non-volatile memory together with the usual consumption parameters of the meter. Access to non-volatile memory can then be done through telephone lines, power lines or radiofrequency circuits.
Finalmente, en un tercer ejemplo, US 6,118,269 introduce en los contadores un diodo emisor de luz, cuya señal sólo es recibida por un transistor cuando el contador se manipula indebidamente. Un microprocesador conectado al transistor genera entonces una señal de alarma que es transmitida en tiempo real a un servidor central a través de una red de comunicaciones. Finally, in a third example, US 6,118,269 introduces a light emitting diode into the counters, whose signal is only received by a transistor when the counter is improperly manipulated. A microprocessor connected to the transistor then generates an alarm signal that is transmitted in real time to a central server through a communications network.
A pesar de estos avances en cuanto a seguridad de los propios contadores, sigue existiendo la posibilidad de realizar fraudes eléctricos mediante conexionados externos al contador. Es decir, derivando parte de la energía de la red de distribución sin que pase por los contadores, por lo que no quedaría contabilizada. Por lo tanto, sigue siendo necesaria en la actualidad la inspección manual de instalaciones de distribución de energía eléctrica por parte de operarios especializados. Además, todo equipamiento instalado de manera continua fuera del control de las empresas distribuidoras es susceptible de manipulación, por lo que es necesario recurrir a equipos portables, que el operario pueda llevar consigo y retirar una vez comprobado el estado de la instalación. Despite these advances in the security of the meters themselves, there is still the possibility of carrying out electrical fraud by means of external connections to the meter. That is, deriving part of the energy from the distribution network without passing through the meters, so it would not be accounted for. Therefore, manual inspection of electrical power distribution facilities by specialized operators is still necessary today. In addition, all equipment installed continuously outside the control of the distribution companies is susceptible to manipulation, so it is necessary to use portable equipment, which the operator can carry with them and remove once the installation status has been checked.
La forma más habitual de realizar estas inspecciones manuales es mediante la medida directa de la corriente eléctrica servida al contador, y su comparación con el valor indicado por el interfaz de dicho contador. Sin embargo, esta técnica tiene dos inconvenientes. En primer lugar, no está exenta de riesgos para el operario, ya que requiere la realización de conexionados que pueden generarle descargas de alto voltaje en caso de no realizarse adecuadamente. The most common way to perform these manual inspections is by direct measurement of the electric current served to the meter, and its comparison with the value indicated by the interface of said counter. However, this technique has two drawbacks. In the first place, it is not without risks for the operator, since it requires the realization of connections that can generate high voltage discharges if it is not performed properly.
En segundo lugar, en muchas ocasiones el fraude se realiza mediante conexionado en la parte posterior de las placas ciegas de los armarios, módulos y centralizaciones. Así se consigue que la corriente suministrada se bifurque, pasando sólo una parte por el contador, mientras que el resto pasa por un puente externo. Si dicho puente externo se encuentra en el tramo entre los fusibles y los bornes de derivación, para realizar medidas comparativas sería necesario retirar velos y protecciones de los armarios, con el consiguiente aumento de tiempo y esfuerzo para la realización del trabajo, así como riesgo añadido para el operario. Secondly, in many cases the fraud is carried out by means of connection on the back of the blind plates of the cabinets, modules and centralizations. In this way, the supplied current is branched off, passing only a part through the meter, while the rest passes through an external bridge. If said external bridge is in the section between the fuses and the bypass terminals, to make comparative measures it would be necessary to remove veils and protections from the cabinets, with the consequent increase in time and effort for the work, as well as added risk for the operator
Existe por lo tanto en el estado de la técnica la necesidad de una técnica de detección in-situ de fraudes eléctricos que permita a los operarios verificar si los datos de cada contador se corresponden a la energía suministrada, de manera sencilla, eficiente y segura; abarcando aquellos casos más difíciles de detectar, como por ejemplo las conexiones fraudulentas entre fusibles y bornes de derivación. There is therefore a need in the state of the art for a technique of in-situ detection of electrical fraud that allows operators to verify whether the data of each meter corresponds to the energy supplied, in a simple, efficient and safe way; covering those cases more difficult to detect, such as fraudulent connections between fuses and branch terminals.
Descripción de la invención Description of the invention
La presente invención soluciona los problemas anteriormente descritos mediante una técnica de detección de conexiones fraudulentas en instalaciones de distribución de energía eléctrica que permite comparar una primera intensidad en un contador de la instalación con una segunda intensidad en una barra de centralización. The present invention solves the problems described above by means of a technique for detecting fraudulent connections in electric power distribution facilities that allows comparing a first intensity in an installation meter with a second intensity in a centralization bar.
En un primer aspecto de la invención se presenta un dispositivo de detección de conexiones fraudulentas en instalaciones de distribución de energía eléctrica que comprende los siguientes elementos: - Una base con al menos un primer terminal y un segundo terminal eléctricos, que dispone asimismo de un primer conector adaptado para conectarse a un conector de fusibles de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica. Es decir, a través del primer conector, el dispositivo puede conectarse a un receptáculo de la instalación, destinado a fusibles durante la operación habitual de dicha instalación. Dicho primer conector puede ser, por ejemplo, un conector para fusibles FS100 o un conector para fusibles NEOZED, aunque cualquier otra tecnología de conexionado de fusibles conocida en el estado de la técnica puede ser implementada de manera alternativa. In a first aspect of the invention a device for detecting fraudulent connections in electric power distribution facilities comprising the following elements is presented: - A base with at least a first terminal and a second electrical terminal, which also has a first connector adapted to be connected to a fuse connector of the electric power distribution system. That is, through the first connector, the device can be connected to an installation receptacle, intended for fuses during the usual operation of said installation. Said first connector can be, for example, an FS100 fuse connector or a NEOZED fuse connector, although any other fuse connection technology known in the state of the art can be implemented alternatively.
- Un fusible calibrado, es decir, de características eléctricas conocidas que permiten evaluar correctamente la corriente que atraviesa el dispositivo. El fusible comprende un primer borne, conectado al primer terminal de la base, y un segundo borne, conectado a una bobina amperimétrica. - A calibrated fuse, that is to say, of known electrical characteristics that allow to correctly evaluate the current that passes through the device. The fuse comprises a first terminal, connected to the first terminal of the base, and a second terminal, connected to an ammeter coil.
- Dicha bobina amperimétrica, que comprende un primer extremo conectado al segundo borne del fusible calibrado y un segundo extremo conectado al segundo terminal de la base. De esta manera, al conectar el dispositivo a la instalación eléctrica, la corriente se redirige a través del fusible calibrado, permitiendo su medida en la bobina amperimétrica. La bobina amperimétrica puede implementarse mediante un cable de cobre de longitud y diámetro conocidos, protegido por una cubierta aislante. - Said ammeter coil, comprising a first end connected to the second terminal of the calibrated fuse and a second end connected to the second terminal of the base. In this way, when the device is connected to the electrical installation, the current is redirected through the calibrated fuse, allowing its measurement in the amperemeter coil. The ampere coil can be implemented using a copper cable of known length and diameter, protected by an insulating cover.
- Un cuerpo aislante, que acoge en su interior el fusible calibrado. - An insulating body, which houses the calibrated fuse inside.
Dependiendo de la realización particular, la bobina amperimétrica puede quedar totalmente fuera del cuerpo aislante, parcialmente fuera del cuerpo aislante, o bien totalmente en el interior de dicho cuerpo aislante.  Depending on the particular embodiment, the ampere coil can be totally outside the insulating body, partially outside the insulating body, or totally inside said insulating body.
- Una salida auxiliar para conexionado de equipamiento auxiliar, conectada al segundo terminal de la base mediante un cable auxiliar. Dicho cable auxiliar permite por lo tanto redirigir parte de la corriente extraída de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica, y proveer de energía eléctrica a cualquier equipo conectado a la salida auxiliar, como por ejemplo, a unas pinzas volti-amperimétricas para medir la tensión de la red. En un segundo aspecto de la invención se presenta un sistema de detección de conexiones fraudulentas en instalaciones de distribución de energía eléctrica que comprende los siguientes elementos: - An auxiliary output for connection of auxiliary equipment, connected to the second terminal of the base by means of an auxiliary cable. Said auxiliary cable therefore allows to redirect part of the current drawn from the electrical power distribution installation, and provide electrical energy to any equipment connected to the auxiliary output, such as volt-ammeter clamps to measure the voltage of the network. In a second aspect of the invention there is a system for detecting fraudulent connections in electric power distribution installations comprising the following elements:
- Un dispositivo de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas de acuerdo con cualquier realización del primer aspecto de la invención. Es decir, un dispositivo con una base conectable a una conexión para fusibles de la instalación eléctrica, un fusible calibrado y una bobina amperimétrica. - A device for detecting fraudulent electrical connections according to any embodiment of the first aspect of the invention. That is, a device with a base that can be connected to a fuse connection of the electrical installation, a calibrated fuse and an ammeter coil.
- Un medidor de intensidad con unas pinzas amperimétricas, adaptadas para medir la corriente que atraviesa la bobina amperimétrica del dispositivo de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas. El medidor de intensidad puede estar adaptado para conectarse a una salida auxiliar del dispositivo de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas, para evitar la necesidad de baterías o cables adicionales de alimentación. - An intensity meter with ammeter clamps, adapted to measure the current that passes through the ampere coil of the device for detecting fraudulent electrical connections. The intensity meter may be adapted to be connected to an auxiliary output of the device for detecting fraudulent electrical connections, to avoid the need for additional batteries or power cables.
- Un procesador con medios de cálculo que detectan las conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas comparando dos valores de intensidad: un primer valor que representa la intensidad que atraviesa un contador de la instalación, y un segundo valor que representa la intensidad que atraviesa una barra de centralización. El segundo valor es medido mediante el medidor de intensidad sobre la bobina amperimétrica del dispositivo, cuando dicho dispositivo está conectado a una conexión para fusibles de dicha barra de centralización. El primer valor puede ser medido bien mediante el propio contador; bien mediante el medidor con una pinza volti-amperimetrica de intensidad en la entrada del contador. - A processor with calculation means that detect fraudulent electrical connections by comparing two intensity values: a first value that represents the intensity that a counter of the installation crosses, and a second value that represents the intensity that crosses a centralization bar. The second value is measured by means of the intensity meter on the ammeter coil of the device, when said device is connected to a fuse connection of said centralization bar. The first value can be measured well by the counter itself; either by means of the meter with a volt-ammeter current clamp at the meter input.
Dependiendo de la realización particular del sistema de la invención, el procesador puede estar bien implementado en el propio medidor de intensidad, bien en un equipo remoto. En caso de ubicarse en un equipo remoto, el medidor de intensidad comprende unos primeros medios de comunicación (alámbricos o inalámbricos, de acuerdo con cualquier tecnología y protocolo de comunicación conocido en el estado de la técnica) que transmiten las medidas realizadas a unos segundos medios de comunicación del procesador. El resultado de la comparación de valores de corriente realizado por el procesador (es decir, la determinación de si existe o no conexión fraudulenta) puede bien mostrarse directamente al usuario a través de un interfaz destinado a tal efecto, bien enviarse de manera automática a una base de datos. Dicha base de datos puede estar bien en el mismo equipo del procesador, bien en un equipo independiente conectado al procesador por los mismos o por otros medios de comunicación. Depending on the particular embodiment of the system of the invention, the processor may be well implemented in the intensity meter itself, or in a remote device. If located on a remote device, the intensity meter comprises first means of communication (wired or wireless, in accordance with any technology and communication protocol known in the state of the art) that transmit the measurements made to a few seconds. of processor communication. The result of the comparison of values of current made by the processor (that is, the determination of whether or not there is a fraudulent connection) can either be shown directly to the user through an interface intended for this purpose, or sent automatically to a database. Said database may be either on the same processor equipment, or on a separate computer connected to the processor by the same or by other means of communication.
En un tercer aspecto de la invención, se presenta un método de detección de conexiones fraudulentas en instalaciones de distribución de energía eléctrica que comprende los siguientes pasos: In a third aspect of the invention, a method of detecting fraudulent connections in electric power distribution facilities is presented, comprising the following steps:
- Medir un primer valor de intensidad en un contador de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica, bien a través del propio contador, bien midiendo con una pinza volti-amperimétrica en la entrada del propio contador.  - Measure a first intensity value in a meter of the electrical energy distribution installation, either through the meter itself, or by measuring with a volt-ammeter clamp at the input of the meter itself.
- Medir un segundo valor de intensidad en una barra de centralización de la instalación ó en el entronque (o acometida) de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica. Para ello, el dispositivo de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas se conecta a una conexión para fusibles de dicha una barra de centralización, y se mide la intensidad que atraviesa la bobina amperimétrica del dispositivo. - Measure a second intensity value in a centralization bar of the installation or at the junction (or connection) of the electrical energy distribution installation. For this, the device for detecting fraudulent electrical connections is connected to a fuse connection of said centralization bar, and the intensity that passes through the amperemeter coil of the device is measured.
- Determinar la presencia de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas en función de una diferencia entre el primer valor de intensidad y el segundo valor de intensidad. Es decir, si la primera y la segunda medidas difieren menos de un cierto margen de error, previamente definido, se considera que no existe conexión fraudulenta. Por el contrario, si la diferencia entre la primera y la segunda medida excede dicho margen predefinido, se considera que sí existe conexión fraudulenta. - Determine the presence of fraudulent electrical connections based on a difference between the first intensity value and the second intensity value. That is, if the first and second measures differ less than a certain margin of error, previously defined, it is considered that there is no fraudulent connection. On the contrary, if the difference between the first and the second measure exceeds this predefined margin, it is considered that there is a fraudulent connection.
Finalmente, en un cuarto aspecto de la invención, se presenta un programa de ordenador que comprende medios de código de programa de ordenador adaptados para implementar el método descrito, al ejecutarse en un ordenador, un procesador digital de la señal, un circuito integrado específico de la aplicación, un microprocesador, un microcontrolador o cualquier otra forma de hardware programable. Finally, in a fourth aspect of the invention, a computer program is presented comprising computer program code means adapted to implement the described method, when running on a computer, a digital signal processor, a specific integrated circuit of the application, a microprocessor, a microcontroller or any other form of programmable hardware.
Nótese que cualquier opción o implementación preferente del dispositivo y sistema de la invención, puede aplicarse a realizaciones particulares de los pasos del método y programa de ordenador de la invención. De la misma manera, dichos dispositivo y sistema de la invención pueden estar configurados para realizar pasos de cualquier opción o implementación preferente del método y programa de ordenador de la invención. Note that any preferred option or implementation of the device and system of the invention can be applied to particular embodiments of the steps of the method and computer program of the invention. In the same way, said device and system of the invention can be configured to perform steps of any preferred option or implementation of the method and computer program of the invention.
El dispositivo, sistema, método y programa de ordenador descritos, proporcionan por lo tanto una herramienta de detección de fraudes eléctricos capaz de detectar de manera rápida, sencilla y robusta conexiones omitidas por métodos tradicionales. Asimismo, la portabilidad del dispositivo de detección evita que pueda pueda ser alterado sin el conocimiento del operario, a la vez que permite conectar otros aparatos de instalación fácilmente y sin peligro, como por ejemplo maletas de ruidos, e-control, contadores patrones, voltímetros, amperímetros, etc. Finalmente, se mejora la seguridad de los operarios, ya que se reducen los riesgos eléctricos al no ser necesario retirar velos o protecciones de los armarios para conectar pinzas de medida a los barrajes de las instalaciones. Éstas y otras ventajas de la invención serán aparentes a la luz de la descripción detallada de la misma. The device, system, method and computer program described, therefore, provide an electric fraud detection tool capable of quickly, easily and robustly detecting connections omitted by traditional methods. Likewise, the portability of the detection device prevents it from being able to be altered without the knowledge of the operator, while allowing other installation devices to be connected easily and safely, such as noise cases, e-control, standard counters, voltmeters , ammeters, etc. Finally, the safety of the operators is improved, since the electrical risks are reduced as it is not necessary to remove veils or protections from the cabinets to connect measurement clamps to the facilities busbars. These and other advantages of the invention will be apparent in light of the detailed description thereof.
Descripción de las figuras Description of the figures
Con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de la misma, y para complementar esta descripción, se acompañan como parte integrante de la misma las siguientes figuras, cuyo carácter es ilustrativo y no limitativo: In order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, and to complement this description, the following figures are attached as an integral part thereof, the character of which is illustrative and non-limiting:
La figura 1 es una representación esquemática de los elementos principales del dispositivo de detección de conexiones fraudulentas de la invención, de acuerdo con una realización particular del mismo. La figura 2 muestra un alzado del dispositivo de detección de conexiones fraudulentas, para una realización particular con conexión FS100. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the main elements of the fraudulent connection detection device of the invention, in accordance with a particular embodiment thereof. Figure 2 shows an elevation of the device for detecting fraudulent connections, for a particular embodiment with FS100 connection.
La figura 3 muestra un alzado del dispositivo de detección de conexiones fraudulentas, para una realización particular con conexión NEOZED. Figure 3 shows an elevation of the device for detecting fraudulent connections, for a particular embodiment with NEOZED connection.
La figura 4 presenta una visión en planta del dispositivo de detección de conexiones fraudulentas de la invención, de acuerdo con una realización particular del mismo. Figure 4 presents a plan view of the device for detecting fraudulent connections of the invention, in accordance with a particular embodiment thereof.
La figura 5 ilustra de manera esquemática los elementos principales del sistema de detección de conexiones fraudulentas de la invención, de acuerdo con una realización particular del mismo. Figure 5 schematically illustrates the main elements of the fraudulent connection detection system of the invention, in accordance with a particular embodiment thereof.
La figura 6 presenta un ejemplo de escenario de aplicación del método de la invención, de acuerdo con una realización particular del mismo. Figure 6 presents an example of the application scenario of the method of the invention, in accordance with a particular embodiment thereof.
Realización preferente de la invención Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
En este texto, el término "comprende" y sus derivaciones (como "comprendiendo", etc.) no deben entenderse en un sentido excluyente, es decir, estos términos no deben interpretarse como excluyentes de la posibilidad de que lo que se describe y define pueda incluir más elementos, etapas, etc. In this text, the term "comprises" and its derivations (such as "understanding", etc.) should not be understood in an exclusive sense, that is, these terms should not be construed as excluding the possibility that what is described and defined can include more elements, stages, etc.
La figura 1 presenta de manera esquemática una realización preferente del dispositivo (100) de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500) en una instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400) de la invención, que a su vez es parte de una realización preferente del sistema de la invención, y que es utilizado para la medición de intensidades realizadas en los pasos de una realización preferente del método de la invención. Figure 1 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of the device (100) for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500) in an electrical energy distribution installation (400) of the invention, which in turn is part of a preferred embodiment of the system of the invention, and which is used for the measurement of intensities performed in the steps of a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention.
El dispositivo (100) comprende una base (110) con un primer conector (120) para conexionado en puertos para fusibles. Es decir, el primer conector (120) está morfológicamente y eléctricamente adaptado para poder ser introducido en una conexión para fusibles de una instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400), derivando la corriente que atraviesa dicha conexión para fusibles hacia el propio dispositivo (100). Asimismo, la base (1 10) comprende un primer terminal (Tbi) y un segundo terminal (Tb2) eléctricamente conectados a dos puertos aislados entre sí de dicho primer conector (120). Es decir, al instalarse el dispositivo (100) en la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400), la corriente entra por un puerto del primer conector (120), se redirige a uno de los dos terminales (por ejemplo, el primer terminal, Tbi), atraviesa el resto de elementos del dispositivo (100), y vuelve a la base (110) por el terminal opuesto (en este ejemplo, el segundo terminal, Tb2), para finalmente abandonar el dispositivo (100) a través del puerto opuesto del primer conector (120). The device (100) comprises a base (110) with a first connector (120) for connection in fuse ports. That is, the first connector (120) is morphologically and electrically adapted to be able to be introduced into a fuse connection of an electric power distribution installation (400), deriving the current through said fuse connection to the device itself (100). Also, the base (1 10) comprises a first terminal (T bi ) and a second terminal (T b2 ) electrically connected to two isolated ports of said first connector (120). That is, when the device (100) is installed in the electric power distribution installation (400), the current enters through a port of the first connector (120), is redirected to one of the two terminals (for example, the first terminal , T bi ), goes through the rest of the elements of the device (100), and returns to the base (110) through the opposite terminal (in this example, the second terminal, T b2 ), to finally leave the device (100) a through the opposite port of the first connector (120).
El dispositivo (100) comprende asimismo un fusible calibrado (130) con un primer borne (Tn) y un segundo borne (Tf2) en extremos opuestos de dicho fusible calibrado (130). El primer borne (Tn) del fusible calibrado está conectado al primer terminal (Tbi) de la base (110), mientras que el segundo borne (Tf2) está conectado a una bobina amperimétrica (140). En el presente contexto, se entiende por fusible calibrado (130) cualquier fusible cuyas características físicas y/o eléctricas sean adecuadas para la carga de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400), preferentemente con un valor de intensidad de 50 amperios. The device (100) also comprises a calibrated fuse (130) with a first terminal (Tn) and a second terminal (T f2 ) at opposite ends of said calibrated fuse (130). The first terminal (Tn) of the calibrated fuse is connected to the first terminal (T bi ) of the base (110), while the second terminal (T f2 ) is connected to an ammeter coil (140). In the present context, a calibrated fuse (130) is understood as any fuse whose physical and / or electrical characteristics are suitable for charging the electric power distribution system (400), preferably with an intensity value of 50 amps.
De la misma manera, la bobina amperimétrica (140) es un elemento conductor de características físicas y/o eléctricas conocidas, como por ejemplo un cable de cobre de longitud y diámetro conocidos, protegido por una cubierta aislante. La bobina amperimétrica está conectada por un primer extremo (Tci) al segundo borne (Tf2) del fusible calibrado (130) y por un segundo extremo (Tc2) al segundo terminal (Tb2) de la base (110). El elemento conductor de la bobina amperimétrica (140) presenta preferentemente 0,6/1 kV, una sección de 6 mm2, y un aislante de 1000 V. In the same way, the ammeter coil (140) is a conductive element of known physical and / or electrical characteristics, such as a copper cable of known length and diameter, protected by an insulating sheath. The ampere coil is connected by a first end (T ci ) to the second terminal (T f2 ) of the calibrated fuse (130) and by a second end (T c2 ) to the second terminal (T b2 ) of the base (110). The conductor element of the ampere coil (140) preferably has 0.6 / 1 kV, a section of 6 mm 2 , and an insulator of 1000 V.
Preferentemente, el dispositivo (100) comprende un cable auxiliar (150) que redirige una pequeña parte de la tensión que circula por el dispositivo (100) hacia una salida auxiliar (160) que permite alimentar equipamiento auxiliar del sistema. El cable auxiliar comprende un tercer extremo (Tai) conectado al segundo terminal (Tb2) de la base (110), y un cuarto extremo (Ta2) conectado a la salida auxiliar (160). Con el fin de alojar y proteger el resto de elementos, el dispositivo (100) comprende un cuerpo aislante (170), cuyo interior acoge la totalidad del fusible calibrado (130) y parte de la bobina amperimétrica (140), manteniendo siempre fuera del cuerpo aislante (170) suficiente longitud de dicha bobina amperimétrica (140) como para medir con un equipo externo la intensidad que la atraviesa. Dependiendo de la realización particular, el cuerpo aislante (170) puede comprender una tapa (180), también aislante, para facilitar su ensamblado. Tanto el cuerpo aislante (170) como la tapa (180) Adicionalmente, el dispositivo (100) puede comprender cualquier elemento adicional de aislamiento, protección o ensamblado, como por ejemplo una carcasa exterior de PVC. Preferably, the device (100) comprises an auxiliary cable (150) that redirects a small part of the voltage that circulates through the device (100) to an auxiliary output (160) that allows the auxiliary equipment of the system to be supplied. The auxiliary cable comprises a third end (T ai ) connected to the second terminal (T b2 ) of the base (110), and a fourth end (T a2 ) connected to the auxiliary output (160). In order to accommodate and protect the rest of the elements, the device (100) comprises an insulating body (170), whose interior houses the entire calibrated fuse (130) and part of the ampere coil (140), always keeping out of the insulating body (170) sufficient length of said ampere coil (140) to measure with intensity external equipment. Depending on the particular embodiment, the insulating body (170) may comprise a cover (180), also insulating, to facilitate its assembly. Both the insulating body (170) and the cover (180) Additionally, the device (100) can comprise any additional insulation, protection or assembly element, such as an outer PVC shell.
La figura 2 presenta un primer ejemplo de implementación del dispositivo (100) descrito, para el caso particular en el que el primer conector (120) de la base (110) es un conector para fusibles FS100. Figure 2 presents a first example of the implementation of the device (100) described, for the particular case in which the first connector (120) of the base (110) is an FS100 fuse connector.
La figura 3, por su parte, presenta un segundo ejemplo de implementación del dispositivo (100), para el caso particular en el que el primer conector (120) de la base (110) es un conector para fusibles NEOZED. En este caso, la base (110) puede comprender un adaptador específico intercambiable para conectores NEOZED de 100 A. Figure 3, for its part, presents a second example of implementation of the device (100), for the particular case in which the first connector (120) of the base (110) is a NEOZED fuse connector. In this case, the base (110) can comprise a specific interchangeable adapter for NEOZED 100A connectors.
La figura 4 es una vista superior del dispositivo, válida tanto para el primer ejemplo con conector para fusibles FS100, como para el segundo ejemplo con conector para fusibles NEOZED. En ambas realizaciones, la tapa (180) comprende tres orificios: dos para entrada y salida de la bobina amperimétrica (140), y un tercer orificio para la salida auxiliar (160). Figure 4 is a top view of the device, valid for both the first example with FS100 fuse connector, and for the second example with NEOZED fuse connector. In both embodiments, the cover (180) comprises three holes: two for input and output of the ampere coil (140), and a third hole for the auxiliary output (160).
La figura 5 ilustra los elementos de una realización preferente del sistema de la invención, en concreto, un dispositivo (100) de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500) según se ha descrito, un medidor de intensidad (200) y un procesador (300) que realiza los pasos de una realización preferente del método de la invención. Figure 5 illustrates the elements of a preferred embodiment of the system of the invention, in particular, a device (100) for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500) as described, an intensity meter (200) and a processor (300 ) performing the steps of a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention.
El medidor de intensidad (200) comprende unas pinzas amperimétricas (210) calibradas que miden la intensidad que atraviesa la bobina amperimétrica (140) del dispositivo (100), y la envían al procesador (300) a través de unos primeros medios de comunicación (240). The intensity meter (200) comprises ammeter clamps (210) calibrated that measure the intensity that passes through the ampere coil (140) of the device (100), and send it to the processor (300) through first means of communication (240).
Los primeros medios de comunicación (240) pueden estar implementados de acuerdo con cualquier tecnología y protocolo, alámbrico o inalámbrico, conocido en el estado de la técnica. El medidor de intensidad (200) puede comprender asimismo un segundo conector (220) adaptado para conectarse a la salida auxiliar (160) del dispositivo, evitando así el uso de baterías o cables adicionales. El medidor de intensidad (200) puede comprender además un interfaz de usuario (230) para facilitar su operación, y/o para mostrar al operario en tiempo real los valores de corriente medidos. The first communication means (240) may be implemented in accordance with any technology and protocol, wired or wireless, known in the state of the art. The intensity meter (200) can also comprise a second connector (220) adapted to be connected to the auxiliary output (160) of the device, thus avoiding the use of additional batteries or cables. The intensity meter (200) may further comprise a user interface (230) to facilitate its operation, and / or to show the measured current values to the operator in real time.
El procesador (300) comprende a su vez unos segundo medios de comunicación (310) que reciben las medidas realizadas por las pinzas amperimétricas (210) y las transmite a unos medios de cálculo (320) que evalúan si existe una conexión eléctrica fraudulenta (500). Nótese que en implementaciones particulares de la invención, el procesador (300) puede bien estar integrado en el mismo equipo del medidor de intensidad (200), bien ser un equipo local directamente conectado a dicho medidor de intensidad (200), o bien ser un equipo remoto conectado a dicho medidor de intensidad (200) a través de una red de comunicaciones. The processor (300) in turn comprises second communication means (310) that receive the measurements made by the clamp meters (210) and transmit them to calculation means (320) that evaluate whether there is a fraudulent electrical connection (500 ). Note that in particular implementations of the invention, the processor (300) may either be integrated in the same intensity meter equipment (200), either be a local equipment directly connected to said intensity meter (200), or be a remote equipment connected to said intensity meter (200) through a communications network.
Asimismo, el procesador (300) puede comprender medios de almacenamiento de datos para guardar los resultados de las detecciones realizadas por los medios de cálculo (320). Complementaria o alternativamente, el procesador (300) puede comprender cualquier interfaz de usuario para notificar al operador los resultados de dichas detecciones, pudiendo estar dicho interfaz de usuario integrado en el mismo equipo del procesador (300) o en otro distinto (por ejemplo, mediante la combinación de un servidor remoto que actúa de procesador y una aplicación de móvil que actúa de interfaz). Also, the processor (300) may comprise data storage means for storing the results of the detections made by the calculation means (320). Complementarily or alternatively, the processor (300) can comprise any user interface to notify the operator of the results of said detections, said user interface being able to be integrated in the same processor equipment (300) or in a different one (for example, by the combination of a remote server that acts as a processor and a mobile application that acts as an interface).
Independientemente de su ubicación y conexionado con el resto de elementos, el procesador (300) puede realizarse mediante un ordenador, un procesador digital de la señal, un circuito integrado específico de la aplicación, un microprocesador, un microcontrolador o cualquier otra forma de hardware programable. Regardless of its location and connected to the rest of the elements, the processor (300) can be made using a computer, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a microprocessor, a microcontroller or any other form of programmable hardware.
Finalmente, la figura 6 muestra un ejemplo esquemático de una instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400) con una conexión eléctrica fraudulenta (500), que sirve como ejemplo de escenario de aplicación de una realización particular del método de la invención. La instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400) comprende al menos un contador (410) conectado a una barra de centralización (420) o base portafusible por una parte y a unos bornes de derivación (430) por su parte opuesta, abandonando finalmente el cableado la habitación (o centralización) por una canalización de derivación (440). Finally, Figure 6 shows a schematic example of an electrical energy distribution installation (400) with a fraudulent electrical connection (500), which serves as an example of the application scenario of a particular embodiment of the method of the invention. The electrical power distribution installation (400) comprises at least one meter (410) connected to a centralization bar (420) or fuse holder on one side and bypass terminals (430) on the opposite side, finally abandoning the wiring the room (or centralization) by a bypass pipe (440).
La conexión eléctrica fraudulenta (500) realiza un puente entre la conexión entre el contador (410) y la barra de centralización (420), y la conexión entre el contador (410) y los bornes de derivación (430). Por lo tanto, su detección mediante técnicas tradicionales, requeriría realizar medidas de corriente en elementos de difícil acceso. Por el contrario, la presente invención permite sustituir un fusible de la barra de centralización (420) por el dispositivo (100) de detección, facilitando así la medida de intensidad sin necesidad de desmontar la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400). The fraudulent electrical connection (500) bridges the connection between the meter (410) and the centralization bar (420), and the connection between the meter (410) and the bypass terminals (430). Therefore, its detection by traditional techniques, would require current measurements on elements that are difficult to access. On the contrary, the present invention makes it possible to replace a fuse of the centralization bar (420) with the detection device (100), thus facilitating the intensity measurement without the need to disassemble the electric power distribution installation (400).
Para ello, primeramente se mide un primer valor de intensidad (lCOnt) que representa la intensidad que atraviesa el contador (410). Dicho primer valor de intensidad puede obtenerse bien mediante el valor mostrado por el propio contador, bien instalando la pinza volti-amperimetrica en la entrada del medidor. To do this, a first intensity value (l CO nt) is first measured, which represents the intensity that the meter (410) goes through. Said first intensity value can be obtained either by the value shown by the meter itself, or by installing the volt-ammeter clamp at the meter input.
A continuación, se extrae el fusible de la barra de centralización (420) correspondiente al contador (410) bajo análisis, y se conecta el dispositivo (100) al puerto de dicho fusible. En esta situación, se mide con las pinzas amperimétricas (210) sobre la bobina amperimétrica (140) un segundo valor de intensidad (lamp) que representa la intensidad que atraviesa la barra de centralización (420). Next, the fuse is removed from the centralization bar (420) corresponding to the counter (410) under analysis, and the device (100) is connected to the port of said fuse. In this situation, a second intensity value (l amp ) representing the intensity through the centralization bar (420) is measured with the ammeter clamps (210) on the ammeter coil (140).
Finalmente, se comparan el primer valor de intensidad (lCOnt) y el segundo valor de intensidad (lamp). Si no existe conexión eléctrica fraudulenta (500) ambos deberían ser iguales, excepto por una pequeña variación debida a posibles limitaciones técnicas. Por lo tanto, se establece un umbral para la diferencia relativa o absoluta entre ambas medidas. De este modo, si la diferencia es menor que el umbral , se considera que no existe conexión eléctrica fraudulenta (500). Por el contrario, si la diferencia es mayor que el umbral, se considera que sí existe conexión eléctrica fraudulenta (500). Por ejemplo, puede establecerse un umbral relativo del 5%, de modo que los medidos de cálculo realizan la siguiente comprobación para determinar si existe conexión eléctrica fraudulenta (500): Finally, the first intensity value (l CO nt) and the second intensity value (lamp) are compared. If there is no fraudulent electrical connection (500), both should be the same, except for a small variation due to possible limitations. techniques Therefore, a threshold is established for the relative or absolute difference between the two measures. Thus, if the difference is less than the threshold, it is considered that there is no fraudulent electrical connection (500). On the contrary, if the difference is greater than the threshold, it is considered that there is a fraudulent electrical connection (500). For example, a relative threshold of 5% can be set, so that the calculation measures perform the following check to determine if there is a fraudulent electrical connection (500):
| lcont-lamp|/(lamp)' >5% | lcont-lamp | / (lamp) ' > 5%
A la vista de esta descripción y figuras, el experto en la materia podrá entender que la invención ha sido descrita según algunas realizaciones preferentes de la misma, pero que múltiples variaciones pueden ser introducidas en dichas realizaciones preferentes, sin salir del objeto de la invención tal y como ha sido reivindicada. In view of this description and figures, the person skilled in the art may understand that the invention has been described according to some preferred embodiments thereof, but that multiple variations can be introduced in said preferred embodiments, without departing from the object of the invention such and as claimed.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Dispositivo (100) de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500) en una instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400) caracterizado por que comprende: 1. Device (100) for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500) in an electrical energy distribution installation (400) characterized in that it comprises:
- una base (110) con un primer conector (120) adaptado para conectarse a un conector de fusibles de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400), comprendiendo la base (110) además al menos un primer terminal (Tbi) y un segundo terminal (Tb2); - a base (110) with a first connector (120) adapted to be connected to a fuse connector of the electric power distribution installation (400), the base (110) further comprising at least a first terminal (T bi ) and a second terminal (T b2 );
- un fusible calibrado (130) con un primer borne (Tn) y segundo borne (Tf2), estando el primer borne (Tn) conectado al primer terminal (Tbi) de la base (110); y - a calibrated fuse (130) with a first terminal (Tn) and second terminal (T f 2), the first terminal (Tn) being connected to the first terminal (T bi ) of the base (110); and
- una bobina amperimétrica (140) conectada por un primer extremo (Td) al segundo borne (Tf2) del fusible calibrado (130) y por un segundo extremo (T ci) al segundo terminal (Tb2) de la base (110). - an ampere coil (140) connected by a first end (T d ) to the second terminal (T f 2) of the calibrated fuse (130) and by a second end (T ci) to the second terminal (T b 2) of the base (110).
2. Dispositivo (100) de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado por que comprende además un cuerpo aislante (170) dispuesto en torno al fusible calibrado (130). 2. Device (100) according to claim 1 characterized in that it further comprises an insulating body (170) arranged around the calibrated fuse (130).
3. Dispositivo (100) de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado por que comprende además una salida auxiliar (160) para conexionado de equipamiento auxiliar, estando la salida auxiliar (160) conectada al segundo terminal (Tb2) de la base (110) a través de un cable auxiliar (150). 3. Device (100) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it further comprises an auxiliary output (160) for connection of auxiliary equipment, the auxiliary output (160) being connected to the second terminal (T b 2) of the base (110) through an auxiliary cable (150).
4. Dispositivo (100) de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado por que el primer conector (120) es un conector de fusibles FS-100. 4. Device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the first connector (120) is an FS-100 fuse connector.
5. Dispositivo (100) de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3 caracterizado por que el primer conector (120) es un conector de fusibles NEOZED. 5. Device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the first connector (120) is a NEOZED fuse connector.
6. Dispositivo de acuerdo con la reivindicación 5 caracterizado por que la base (110) comprende un adaptador para conectores NEOZED de 100 amperios. Device according to claim 5 characterized in that the base (110) comprises an adapter for NEOZED connectors of 100 amps.
7. Dispositivo (100) de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado por que la bobina amperimétrica (140) comprende un cable de cobre protegido con una cubierta aislante. 7. Device (100) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the ammeter coil (140) comprises a copper cable protected with an insulating cover.
8. Sistema de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500) en una instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400) que comprende: 8. System for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500) in an electrical power distribution installation (400) comprising:
- un medidor de intensidad (200) con una pinzas amperimétricas (210); caracterizado por que comprende además:  - an intensity meter (200) with a clamp meter (210); characterized in that it also includes:
- un dispositivo (100) de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500) de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7.  - a device (100) for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 8 caracterizado por que comprende además un procesador (300) con medios de cálculo (320) configurados para detectar conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas mediante comparación de un primer valor de intensidad (lCOnt) en un contador (410) de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400) y un segundo valor de intensidad (lamp) medido por las pinzas amperimétricas (210) sobre una bobina amperimétrica (140) del dispositivo (100) de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500) . 9. System according to claim 8 characterized in that it further comprises a processor (300) with calculation means (320) configured to detect fraudulent electrical connections by comparing a first intensity value (l CO nt) in a counter (410 ) of the electrical power distribution installation (400) and a second intensity value (l amp ) measured by the clamp meters (210) on an amperemeter coil (140) of the device (100) for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500) ).
10. Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 9 caracterizado por que el procesador (300) está integrado en el medidor de intensidad (200). 10. System according to claim 9 characterized in that the processor (300) is integrated in the intensity meter (200).
11. Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 9 caracterizado por que el procesador (300) está integrado en un equipo remoto, comprendiendo el medidor de intensidad (200) unos primeros medios de comunicación (240) configurados para conectarse a unos segundos medios de comunicación (310) del equipo remoto. 11. System according to claim 9 characterized in that the processor (300) is integrated in a remote equipment, the intensity meter (200) comprising first communication means (240) configured to connect to second communication means ( 310) of the remote equipment.
12. Sistema de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 8 a 11 caracterizado por que el medidor de intensidad (200) comprende un segundo conector (220) configurado para conectarse a la salida auxiliar (160) del dispositivo (100) de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500). 12. System according to any of claims 8 to 11 characterized in that the intensity meter (200) comprises a second connector (220) configured to connect to the auxiliary output (160) of the device (100) for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500).
13. Método de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500) en una instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400) que comprende: 13. Method of detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500) in an electrical power distribution installation (400) comprising:
- medir un primer valor de intensidad (lCOnt) en un contador (410) de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400); - measure a first intensity value (l CO nt) on a counter (410) of the electric power distribution system (400);
caracterizado por que comprende además:  characterized in that it also includes:
- medir un segundo valor de intensidad (lamp) sobre una bobina amperimétrica (140) de un dispositivo (100) de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500) de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, estando dicho dispositivo (100) conectado a un punto seleccionado de entre una barra de centralización (420) de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400), y una acometida de dicha instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400); y - measuring a second intensity value (l amp ) on an ammeter coil (140) of a device (100) for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, said device (100) being connected to a point selected from a centralization bar (420) of the electrical energy distribution installation (400), and a connection of said electrical energy distribution installation (400); and
- determinar la presencia de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500) en función de una diferencia entre el primer valor de intensidad (lCOnt) y el segundo valor de intensidad (lamp). - determine the presence of fraudulent electrical connections (500) based on a difference between the first intensity value (l CO nt) and the second intensity value (l amp ).
14. Método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 13 caracterizado por que el primer valor de intensidad (lCOnt) es proporcionado por el propio contador (410) de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400). 14. Method according to claim 13 characterized in that the first intensity value (l CO nt) is provided by the meter itself (410) of the electric power distribution installation (400).
15. Método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 13 caracterizado por que el segundo valor de intensidad (lamp) es medido sobre la bobina amperimétrica (140) del dispositivo (100) de detección de conexiones eléctricas fraudulentas (500), estando dicho dispositivo (100) conectado al contador (410) de la instalación de distribución de energía eléctrica (400). 15. Method according to claim 13 characterized in that the second intensity value (l amp ) is measured on the ammeter coil (140) of the device (100) for detecting fraudulent electrical connections (500), said device (100) being ) connected to the meter (410) of the electric power distribution system (400).
16. Programa de ordenador que comprende medios de código de programa de ordenador adaptados para realizar las etapas del método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 15, cuando el mencionado programa se ejecuta en un ordenador, un procesador digital de la señal, un circuito integrado específico de la aplicación, un microprocesador, un microcontrolador o cualquier otra forma de hardware programable. 16. Computer program comprising computer program code means adapted to perform the steps of the method according to any of claims 13 to 15, when said program is executed on a computer, a digital signal processor, a circuit Application-specific integrated, a microprocessor, a microcontroller or any other form of programmable hardware.
PCT/ES2018/070373 2018-05-24 2018-05-24 Device, system and method for detecting fraudulent connections in electrical energy distribution installations WO2019224406A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2018/070373 WO2019224406A1 (en) 2018-05-24 2018-05-24 Device, system and method for detecting fraudulent connections in electrical energy distribution installations

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2018/070373 WO2019224406A1 (en) 2018-05-24 2018-05-24 Device, system and method for detecting fraudulent connections in electrical energy distribution installations

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019224406A1 true WO2019224406A1 (en) 2019-11-28

Family

ID=68615692

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2018/070373 WO2019224406A1 (en) 2018-05-24 2018-05-24 Device, system and method for detecting fraudulent connections in electrical energy distribution installations

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2019224406A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010236931A (en) * 2009-03-30 2010-10-21 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The Implement for measuring electric current
WO2014114616A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Current-measuring device for bus bars
US20150301111A1 (en) * 2012-08-17 2015-10-22 Klaus Bruchmann Gmbh Module for a fused switch arrangement with a measuring device, and also a fuse holder for a module or a fused switch arrangement
CN205693170U (en) * 2016-06-27 2016-11-16 国网山东省电力公司博兴县供电公司 A kind of high-voltage electricity stealing prevention metering device with surge protection

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010236931A (en) * 2009-03-30 2010-10-21 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The Implement for measuring electric current
US20150301111A1 (en) * 2012-08-17 2015-10-22 Klaus Bruchmann Gmbh Module for a fused switch arrangement with a measuring device, and also a fuse holder for a module or a fused switch arrangement
WO2014114616A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Current-measuring device for bus bars
CN205693170U (en) * 2016-06-27 2016-11-16 国网山东省电力公司博兴县供电公司 A kind of high-voltage electricity stealing prevention metering device with surge protection

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES2725807T3 (en) Leakage current sensor for suspension type insulator
US6015314A (en) Electric watt-hour meter adapter
US8339270B2 (en) Electrical ground protection device, circuit tester and method of circuit condition detection
JP5201449B2 (en) Ground wire branch terminal and distribution board
ES2942733T3 (en) Circuit breaker for electric vehicle charging
CA3007230C (en) Ground fault monitoring system and method
US20140028323A1 (en) Diagnostic Testing of an Electric Meter Socket
CN105785162A (en) Testing device power induced by current transformer
KR102018903B1 (en) Test Plug with Preventing Apparatus Overvoltage
TWI542113B (en) System protection device, electrical circuit switching device, and power supply system
ES2954368T3 (en) Partial discharge and voltage detection and indication system
KR101349657B1 (en) The mold case current breaker equipped with current transformer and measuring module and the electrical safety management system using it
WO2019224406A1 (en) Device, system and method for detecting fraudulent connections in electrical energy distribution installations
US6765390B2 (en) Diagnostic wiring verification tester
KR101928786B1 (en) Apparatus and method for totally checking electrical safety
KR20190110199A (en) System for detecting corrosion in switchboard panel
JP5517186B2 (en) Outlet with grounding electrode
US6577115B1 (en) Apparatus with separated conductors
CN112834803A (en) Monitoring device of distribution network automation terminal protection clamp plate
US6043663A (en) Coaxial cable test instruments
JP5312833B2 (en) Circuit breaker
JP5550062B2 (en) Outlet with grounding electrode
US6538421B1 (en) Apparatus with separated conductors
CN112368585A (en) Ground wire monitoring tester
JP5505887B2 (en) Branch circuit connection check device for distribution board

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18920158

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18920158

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1