WO2019223000A1 - 传输数据的方法和装置 - Google Patents

传输数据的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019223000A1
WO2019223000A1 PCT/CN2018/088465 CN2018088465W WO2019223000A1 WO 2019223000 A1 WO2019223000 A1 WO 2019223000A1 CN 2018088465 W CN2018088465 W CN 2018088465W WO 2019223000 A1 WO2019223000 A1 WO 2019223000A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
odu
network device
bit rate
data
processor
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PCT/CN2018/088465
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏伟
吴秋游
青华平
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华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN202211078303.6A priority Critical patent/CN115623363A/zh
Priority to EP18919805.4A priority patent/EP3790247A4/en
Priority to CN201880092792.6A priority patent/CN112042163B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/088465 priority patent/WO2019223000A1/zh
Publication of WO2019223000A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019223000A1/zh
Priority to US17/103,180 priority patent/US11438069B2/en
Priority to US17/881,818 priority patent/US11777608B2/en
Priority to US18/460,937 priority patent/US20240072899A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/27—Arrangements for networking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
    • H04J3/1652—Optical Transport Network [OTN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
    • H04B10/693—Arrangements for optimizing the preamplifier in the receiver
    • H04B10/6932—Bandwidth control of bit rate adaptation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/08—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/07—Synchronising arrangements using pulse stuffing for systems with different or fluctuating information rates or bit rates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
    • H04J3/1652—Optical Transport Network [OTN]
    • H04J3/1658—Optical Transport Network [OTN] carrying packets or ATM cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0025—Transmission of mode-switching indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0046—Code rate detection or code type detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
    • H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
    • H04J2203/0073—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
    • H04J2203/0082—Interaction of SDH with non-ATM protocols
    • H04J2203/0085—Support of Ethernet

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of optical transmission networks, and more particularly, to data transmission technologies.
  • An optical network is a type of transmission network that can implement the transmission, multiplexing, routing, and monitoring of service signals, for example, Optical Transport Network (OTN).
  • OTN is the core of the next-generation transport network, including technical specifications of the electrical and optical layers, with Operation Management and Maintenance (OAM) functions, Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) capabilities, and out-of-band forward error correction (Forward Error Correction, FEC) capability, which is helpful for flexible scheduling and management of large-capacity services.
  • OAM Operation Management and Maintenance
  • TCM Tandem Connection Monitoring
  • FEC Forward Error Correction
  • the OTN data frame needs to provide more overhead information. This makes the rate of the OTN data frame relative to the service data greatly increase, resulting in an increase in the cost of OTN.
  • This application provides a method and device for transmitting data to reduce the bit rate of the ODU, which is beneficial to reducing the cost of the optical network.
  • a method for transmitting data including: a network device processes a first optical data unit ODU to be sent to obtain a second ODU, and a bit rate of the second ODU is lower than a bit rate of the first ODU ; The network device sends the second ODU.
  • the embodiment of the present application processes the first ODU to obtain a second ODU with a lower bit rate, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN, so as to reduce the OTN interface rate, thereby reducing the cost of the OTN.
  • a frame structure of the first ODU is different from a frame structure of the second ODU, or an encoding method of the first ODU is different from an encoding method of the second ODU.
  • the embodiments of the present application reduce the bit rate of the second ODU by changing the frame structure or the encoding mode of the ODU, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • processing, by the network device, a first optical data unit ODU to be sent to obtain a second ODU includes: the network device compressing and encoding the first ODU to obtain the first ODU. Two ODU.
  • This embodiment of the present application reduces the bit rate of the second ODU by compressing and encoding the first ODU, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • the network device compression-encoding the first ODU to obtain the second ODU includes: the network device performing data processing on data in a payload area of the first ODU. First compression coding to obtain the second ODU.
  • the network device encoding the first ODU to obtain the second ODU includes: the network device performing second compression encoding on an overhead in the first ODU, The second ODU is obtained.
  • processing, by the network device, a first optical data unit ODU to be sent to obtain a second ODU includes: the network device deleting at least part of the filling information in the first ODU to obtain The second ODU.
  • the padding information in the first ODU is deleted to reduce the bit rate of the second ODU, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • the padding information is an idle code block.
  • the method further includes: obtaining, by the network device, a mapping pattern of a payload area of the first ODU; the network device deleting at least part of the filling information in the first ODU, Obtaining the second ODU includes: deleting, by the network device, at least part of the filling information in the first ODU according to a mapping pattern of a payload area of the first ODU.
  • processing, by the network device, a first optical path data unit ODU to be sent to obtain a second ODU includes: the network device deleting an unused time slot in the first ODU, The second ODU is obtained.
  • This embodiment of the present application reduces the bit rate of the second ODU by deleting the unused time slot in the first ODU, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • the sending, by the network device, the second ODU includes: the network device mapping the second ODU to a third ODU, and a bit rate of the third ODU is n * 25G Any of n * 50G and n * 100G, n is a positive integer; the network device sends the third ODU through m FlexO interfaces, m is a positive integer, and the bit rate of each FlexO interface is 25G, 50G, 100G, 200G or 400G, m is a positive integer.
  • the sending, by the network device, the second ODU includes: the network device directly maps the second ODU to a FlexO frame. That is, the network device directly maps the second ODU to the m FlexO interface, and sends the second ODU through the FlexO interface.
  • the ODU is avoided from being encapsulated as an OTU, and the overhead of the OTU is added, resulting in an increase in the bit rate, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • a bit rate of each FlexO interface of the FlexO interfaces through which the FlexO frame is transmitted is 25G, 50G, 100G, 200G, or 400G, and m is a positive integer.
  • the method further includes: determining, by the network device, a maximum data amount of data carried in the second ODU according to a service type to which the data carried in the first ODU belongs;
  • the processing by the network device of the first optical path data unit ODU to be sent to obtain a second ODU includes: the network device performing the processing on the first ODU to obtain the second ODU, and the second ODU includes The data amount of the carried data is the maximum data amount.
  • the frame size of the second ODU is fixed, which is convenient for the network device to fix the frame.
  • a method for transmitting data which includes: a network device obtains a second optical data unit ODU to be transmitted; and the network device directly transmits the second ODU through a FlexO interface.
  • the embodiment of the present application directly sends the second ODU through the FlexO interface, which avoids encapsulating the ODU as an OTU and adds the overhead of the OTU, resulting in an increase in the bit rate, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • the obtaining, by the network device, a second ODU to be sent includes: obtaining, by the network device, a first ODU; and processing, by the network device, the first ODU to obtain the second ODU.
  • a bit rate of the second ODU is lower than a bit rate of the first ODU.
  • the embodiment of the present application processes the first ODU to obtain a second ODU with a lower bit rate, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN, so as to reduce the OTN interface rate, thereby reducing the cost of the OTN.
  • a frame structure of the first ODU is different from a frame structure of the second ODU, or an encoding method of the first ODU is different from an encoding method of the second ODU.
  • the embodiments of the present application reduce the bit rate of the second ODU by changing the frame structure or the encoding mode of the ODU, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • processing the first ODU to be sent by the network device to obtain a second ODU includes: the network device compressing and encoding the first ODU to obtain the second ODU.
  • This embodiment of the present application reduces the bit rate of the second ODU by compressing and encoding the first ODU, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • the processing of the first ODU by the network device to obtain a second ODU includes: deleting, by the network device, at least part of the filling information in the first ODU to obtain the second ODU.
  • At least part of the padding information in the first ODU is deleted to reduce the bit rate of the second ODU, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • the method further includes: obtaining, by the network device, a mapping pattern of a payload area of the first ODU; the network device deleting at least part of the filling information in the first ODU, Obtaining the second ODU includes: deleting, by the network device, at least part of the filling information in the first ODU according to a mapping pattern of a payload area of the first ODU.
  • processing, by the network device, a first optical path data unit ODU to be sent to obtain a second ODU includes: the network device deleting an unused time slot in the first ODU, The second ODU is obtained.
  • This embodiment of the present application reduces the bit rate of the second ODU by deleting the unused time slot in the first ODU, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • a method for transmitting data including: a network device receives a second optical data unit ODU; the network device processes the second ODU to obtain a first ODU, and a bit rate of the second ODU is low At the bit rate of the first ODU; the network device obtains data from the first ODU.
  • This embodiment of the present application uses a second ODU with a lower bit rate than the first ODU to carry data, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in OTN, so as to reduce the OTN interface rate, thereby reducing the cost of OTN.
  • a frame structure of the first ODU is different from a frame structure of the second ODU, or an encoding method of the first ODU is different from an encoding method of the second ODU.
  • the embodiments of the present application reduce the bit rate of the second ODU by changing the frame structure or the encoding mode of the ODU, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • the processing, by the network device, the second ODU to obtain a first ODU includes: the network device decodes the second ODU to obtain the first ODU.
  • the decoding, by the network device, of the second ODU to obtain the first ODU includes: performing, by the network device, first performing data in a payload area of the second ODU. Decode to obtain the first ODU.
  • the decoding, by the network device, of the second ODU to obtain the first ODU includes: the network device performs a second decoding of the overhead in the second ODU to obtain the first ODU.
  • the first ODU is described.
  • the decoding, by the network device, of the second ODU to obtain the first ODU includes: filling, by the network device, padding information into the second ODU to obtain the first ODU. ODU.
  • the processing, by the network device, the second ODU to obtain a first ODU includes: filling, by the network device, a time slot into the second ODU to obtain the first ODU. .
  • the method further includes: the network device determines a service type to which data carried in the second ODU belongs; and the network device determines the first The size of the two ODU frames.
  • a network device includes various modules required to perform the steps performed by the network device in the foregoing method. These modules can be implemented by hardware, and can also be implemented by hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the functions described above.
  • an apparatus for transmitting data may be a network device designed in the above method, or a chip provided in the network device.
  • the device includes: a memory for storing computer executable program code; a communication interface; and a processor, the processor being coupled to the memory and the communication interface.
  • the program code stored in the memory includes instructions. When the processor executes the instructions, the apparatus is caused to execute the method performed by the network device in the foregoing method.
  • a network device including a processor and a memory.
  • the memory is used to store a computer program
  • the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the transmitting end executes the foregoing method.
  • a computer program product includes computer program code that, when the computer program code runs on a computer, causes the computer to execute the methods in the above aspects.
  • the above computer program code may be stored in whole or in part on a first storage medium, where the first storage medium may be packaged with the processor, or may be packaged separately with the processor.
  • first storage medium may be packaged with the processor, or may be packaged separately with the processor.
  • a computer-readable medium stores program code, and when the computer program code runs on a computer, the computer causes the computer to execute the methods in the foregoing aspects.
  • the embodiment of the present application processes the first ODU to obtain a second ODU with a lower bit rate, which is beneficial to reducing the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN, so as to reduce the OTN interface rate, thereby reducing the cost of the OTN.
  • the rate improvement brought by the data transmission technology provided in the embodiments of the present application can be comparable to the rate improvement brought by Ethernet technology.
  • the advantage of doing so is that the OTN equipment using this technology can use the same
  • the optical module enables the same optical module to be used for different devices, which is beneficial to reducing the cost of the optical module and further reducing the cost of the OTN device.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of an optical network architecture.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an OTU frame structure.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic flowchart of a process of transmitting service data.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an ODU according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an ODU according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an ODU according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a bit rate improvement in the process of encapsulating data into an ODU according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of bit rate improvement in the process of service data transmission in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an optical network architecture.
  • the optical network shown in FIG. 1 may be OTN.
  • An OTN is usually formed by connecting multiple OTN devices through optical fibers, and can be composed of different topological types such as line, ring, and mesh according to specific needs.
  • the OTN 100 shown in FIG. 1 is composed of eight OTN devices 101, that is, devices A-H; an optical fiber 102 is used to connect two OTN devices; and a customer service interface 103 is used to receive or send customer service data.
  • the customer service data to be transmitted can be transmitted from the OTN device F to the OTN device H through the OTN device F through the customer service interface 103.
  • the OTN device F may be the source of transmitting the service data
  • the OTN device G may transmit the service data.
  • the intermediate node of the service data, the OTN device H may be the destination of transmitting the service data. According to actual needs, an OTN device may have different functions. Generally speaking, OTN equipment is divided into optical layer equipment, electrical layer equipment and optoelectronic hybrid equipment.
  • Optical layer equipment refers to equipment capable of processing optical layer signals, such as: optical amplifiers (OA), optical add-drop multiplexers (OADM).
  • OA can also be called optical line amplifier (OLA), which is mainly used to amplify optical signals to support longer distances under the premise of ensuring the specific performance of optical signals.
  • OLA optical line amplifier
  • OADM is used to spatially transform an optical signal so that it can be output from different output ports (sometimes called directions).
  • OADM can be divided into fixed OADM (fixed OADM, FOADM), configurable OADM (reconfigurable OADM, ROADM), and so on.
  • Electrical layer devices refer to devices capable of processing electrical layer signals, for example, devices capable of processing OTN signals.
  • Optoelectronic hybrid equipment refers to equipment with the ability to process optical layer signals and electrical layer signals. It should be noted that, according to specific integration needs, an OTN device can integrate a variety of different functions. The technical solutions provided in this application are applicable to OTN devices of different forms and integration levels.
  • the service data can be encapsulated in an OTN frame for transmission.
  • the OTN frame may be an Optical Data Unit (ODU) k, ODUCn, ODUflex, or an Optical Transmission Unit (OTU) k, OTUCn, or Flexible OTN (Flexible OTN, FlexO) frame.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an OTU frame structure.
  • the OTN frame is a 4 ⁇ 4080 modular structure (that is, 4 rows and 4080 columns).
  • the OTN frame carries frame alignment signals (FAS), OTUk overhead (OH), ODUk, OH, OPUk, OH, and OPUk. FEC. Among them, FAS is used to provide the function of frame alignment and positioning.
  • OTUk is used to provide the network management function of the optical transmission unit level and is located in the OTU.
  • ODUk which is used to provide maintenance and operation functions, is located in the second to fourth rows, columns 1-14 of the OTU frame;
  • Optical Payload Unit (OPU) k OH is used to provide the client signal adaptation function, which is located in rows 1-4, 15-16 of the OTU frame;
  • OPUk is used to provide the client signal bearer function, which is located in rows 1-4, 17- 3824 columns.
  • FEC is used to provide error detection and correction functions. It is located in rows 1-4 and columns 3825-4080 of the OTU frame.
  • the OTU frame includes an ODU frame and an OTU overhead
  • the ODU frame includes an OPU and an ODU overhead.
  • the coefficient k in the above OPUk, ODUk, and OTUk represents different bit rate levels.
  • k 0 means the bit rate is 1.25 Gbit / s
  • k 1 means the bit rate is 2.5 Gbit / s
  • k 2 means the bit rate is 10Gbit / s
  • k 3 means the bit rate is 40Gbit / s
  • k 4 means the bit rate is 100Gbit / s
  • k Cn means the bit rate is n * 100Gbit / s
  • FIG. 2 shows only one possible OTU frame structure. Under different circumstances, the structure of the above-mentioned OTU frame may be changed.
  • the OTU frame is composed of n OTUC frames, and the OTU frame structure does not include the FEC area.
  • the ODU frame (also referred to as ODU) in the present application and the first ODU and second ODU in the following may specifically be any one of ODUk, ODUCn, or ODUflex; the OTU frame (also referred to as OTU) ) refers to any one of OTUk, OTUCn, or FlexO.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic flowchart of a process of transmitting service data.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of a process flow for transmitting 100Gbit / s business data and transmitting 400Gbit / s business data.
  • the reasons for the rate increase mainly include the encoding method and the encapsulation method.
  • the service data to be carried is transmitted in the form of a 66-bit code block data stream obtained by 64b / 66b encoding, that is, for each 64-bit data, it needs to be encoded as a 66-bit code block for transmission, resulting in a rate Promotion.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for transmitting data. Details are described below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the optimization of the encoding method of the ODU is mainly introduced to reduce the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • the optimization of the mapping mode of the ODU is used to reduce the rate increase when transmitting service data in the OTN.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method shown in FIG. 4 may be executed by a network device, and the network device may be any one of the OTN devices shown in FIG. 1 that sends data. Specifically, it may be a source node or an intermediate node.
  • the network device processes the first optical data unit ODU to be sent to obtain a second ODU, and a bit rate of the second ODU is lower than a bit rate of the first ODU.
  • a second ODU is generated, so that the amount of data carried by the second ODU is less than the amount of data carried by the first ODU in the same time. Therefore, the second ODU can be understood as the ODU obtained after reducing the speed of the first ODU.
  • the second ODU can be represented by ODUkr (ODUk reduction).
  • ODUflexr said.
  • the above processing may include compressing and encoding the first ODU, deleting padding information in the first ODU, deleting idle time slots in the first ODU, and the like.
  • the implementation form of the processing is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the frame structure of the first ODU may be different from that of the second ODU.
  • the frame structure of the first ODU is the frame structure of the ODU in FIG. 2.
  • the time slot occupied by the OPUk / OPUflex used to carry service data is smaller than the time slot occupied by the traditional OPUk / OPUflex.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an ODU according to an embodiment of the present application. In the frame structure of the ODU shown in FIG.
  • the frame structure of the first ODU includes a time slot (Time Slot or Tribory Slot, TS) # 1, TS # 2, ..., TS #i, ..., TS # Q- 1, and TS # Q, a total of Q slots, Q is a positive integer.
  • the frame structure of the second ODU includes TS # 1, TS # 2, ..., TS # i, ..., TS # i, and TS # Q-1, for a total of Q-1 time slots.
  • the frame structure of the second ODU is a continuous 66-bit code block stream or a 257b code block stream, where the code block stream includes an overhead code block and a payload code block, and the overhead code block is determined by the overhead of the frame structure of the first ODU. Area is obtained by compression encoding, and the payload code block is obtained by performing compression encoding on the payload area of the frame structure of the first ODU.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an ODU according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first ODU is a traditional 4 ⁇ 3824 structured module, including an overhead area and a payload area.
  • the second ODU is composed of multiple continuous 66-bit code block data streams.
  • the overhead of each line in the first ODU is encoded into two 66-bit code blocks and is located in the first 66-bit payload code corresponding to the payload area of each line. Before the block.
  • the frame structure of the second ODU may be obtained by deleting Filled Stuff (FS) information in a payload area of the first ODU.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an ODU according to an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that FIG. 7 only shows the frame structure of the first ODU, and does not show the frame structure of the processed second ODU.
  • the first ODU is a traditional 4 ⁇ 3824 structured module, including an overhead area and a payload area.
  • the payload area contains idle code blocks (as an optional implementation manner of padding information) and valid data code blocks.
  • all the free code blocks in the first ODU can be deleted, and two valid data code blocks adjacent to the free code block can be spliced into adjacent code blocks to reduce the second ODU.
  • the number of data bits in the payload area to reduce the bit rate of the ODU.
  • valid data code blocks in the frame structure of the ODU may cross-line, that is, “D-1st” and “D-2nd” in FIG. 7 together form a valid data code block.
  • the encoding method of the first ODU is different from the encoding method of the second ODU.
  • the first ODU uses a 64b / 66b encoding method
  • the second ODU may be generated based on the 64b / 66b encoding method and continue to use 256b / 257b compression encoding.
  • the processing may include compressing and encoding the first ODU. That is, step 410 includes: the network device compresses and encodes the first ODU to obtain the second ODU.
  • the foregoing compression encoding of the first ODU can be understood as the compression encoding of the data in the payload area of the first ODU, or the compression encoding of the overhead of the first ODU, or the data in the payload area of the first ODU. Compression coding is performed together with the overhead, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the same encoding mode may be used, or different encoding modes may be used.
  • the compression encoding may be 256b / 257b encoding, that is, four 66-bit code blocks are encoded into one 257-bit code block to reduce the data amount of 7 bits.
  • other coding methods can also be used to compress and encode 66-bit code blocks.
  • 8 66-bit code blocks are encoded into a 513-bit code block through 512b / 513b to further reduce the amount of data. This embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the compression encoding may be 64b / 66b encoding, that is, encoding eight 10-bit code blocks into one 66-bit code block to reduce the data amount of 14 bits.
  • the compression coding may also be 256b / 257b coding, that is, 32 10-bit code blocks are coded into one 257-bit code block to reduce the data amount of 63 bits.
  • compression coding may be one or more compression coding, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a bit rate improvement in the process of encapsulating data into an ODU according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the bit rate of the service data to be carried is 100 Gbit / s, and the service data is encoded by 64b / 66b to generate a 66-bit code block, which will lead to a 3.13% bit rate increase. Mapping the data to ODU4 through GMP will result in 1.43% Speed increase.
  • the network device can unmap the 100GE 66bit code block data stream from the payload area of ODU4.
  • the bit rate of the 66bit code block data stream is The 66bit code block data stream is converted into a 257b code block data stream by 256b / 257b encoding, and then the 257b code block data stream is mapped to a second ODU through a Bit Synchronous Mapping Procedure (BMP), or "ODU4r"".
  • BMP Bit Synchronous Mapping Procedure
  • ODU4r bit rate 100 represents the rate of data to be transmitted, Represents the bit rate increase ratio when using 256b / 257b encoding, Represents the ratio of the ODU4r frame size to the size of the payload area in ODU4r.
  • the bit rate of the above ODU4r is reduced by about 4.0%. In other words, before mapping the data in the first ODU to ODU4r, the bit rate has been reduced
  • Network devices can unmap multiple ODUjs from the ODU4 payload area, and multiple ODUjs are mapped and multiplexed to ODU4r again, of which ODU4r bit rate Among them, 100 represents the rate of data to be transmitted, Represents the bit rate increase ratio when using 256b / 257b encoding, Represents the ratio of the ODU4r frame size to the size of the payload area in ODU4r. Compared with the standard bit rate of ODU4, which is 104.794 Gbit / s, the bit rate of the above ODU4r is reduced by about 4.0%.
  • the network device demaps a 25GE 66-bit code block data stream from the payload area of ODUflex, converts the 66-bit code block data stream to 257b code block data stream by 256b / 257b encoding, and then passes the 257b code block data stream through BMP Map to ODUflexr.
  • the bit rate of ODUflexr Among them, 25 represents the rate of data to be transmitted, Represents the bit rate increase ratio when using 256b / 257b encoding, Represents the ratio of the ODUflexr frame size to the size of the payload area in ODUflexr.
  • the bit rate of the above ODUflexr is relative to the bit rate of ODUflex In terms of
  • the network device can convert the 16-byte overhead of each line in ODUflex into two 66-bit overhead code blocks, that is, the first 8 bytes are used as 64-bit data, the 2-bit synchronization header 01 is added, and the last 8 bytes are used as 64-bit. Data, add 2-bit sync header 01.
  • the network device then recovers the complete 66-bit code block data stream from the payload area of the ODUflex frame, and respectively in the current line where the overhead of the two 66-bit code blocks is located, and the first 66 bit in the payload area corresponding to the current line.
  • the above two 66b overhead code blocks are inserted before the code blocks.
  • the network device converts the 66-bit code block converted by ODUflex into a 257b code block through 256b / 257b encoding, and obtains an ODUflexr composed of a 257b code block data stream.
  • ODUflexr bit rate V represents the bit rate of the 257-bit code block data stream of the service to be carried
  • Z represents the size of the overhead in ODUflexr
  • Z 4 ⁇ 16
  • z represents the size of the payload area in ODUflexr
  • z 4 ⁇ 3808.
  • the bit rate of ODUflex is Among them, 25Gbit / s represents the bit rate of the service data to be transmitted, Represents the bit rate increase ratio when using 64b / 66b encoding, Represents the ratio of the ODUflex frame size to the size of the payload area in ODUflex.
  • the network device uses 256b / 257b coding to compress and encode the above ODUflex to obtain ODUflexr.
  • the service data is usually a 10-bit code block data stream, that is, a network device demaps a 10 b code block from the payload area of ODUflex. Data stream, and then convert the 10-bit code block data stream into a 66-bit code block data stream by 64b / 66b encoding. In other words, 8 8-bit code blocks are encoded into a 66-bit code block to reduce the amount of 14-bit data. Finally, the 66-bit code block data stream is mapped to ODUflexr through BMP, and the bit rate of ODUflexr is lower than the bit rate of ODUflex. .
  • CPRI Common Public Radio Interface
  • the foregoing processing may further include deleting padding information in the first ODU. That is, step 410 includes: the network device deletes at least part of the padding information in the first ODU to obtain the second ODU.
  • the above filling information may be redundant information added to the first ODU due to rate matching and other reasons.
  • the filling information may be mapped to service data by using a Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) or an Idle Mapping Procedure (IMP).
  • GMP Generic Mapping Procedure
  • IMP Idle Mapping Procedure
  • a specific embodiment of the padding information may be an all-zero or idle (IDLE) code block.
  • the network device may determine the mapping pattern of the payload area of the first ODU by using the GMP mapping overhead information (for example, Cm information) carried in the previous frame of the current frame.
  • the mapping pattern indicates Distribution of padding information in the payload area in the first ODU.
  • the network device may delete at least part of the padding information in the first ODU according to the mapping pattern of the payload area of the first ODU.
  • the node can directly obtain the mapping pattern of the payload area of the first ODU, and The fill information is deleted.
  • the above processing may further include deleting an unused time slot in the first ODU. That is, the above step 410 includes: the network device deletes an unused time slot in the first ODU to obtain the second ODU.
  • the network device may reduce the bit rate by deleting unused time slots in the first ODU.
  • each line in the ODU4 frame can carry 3824 bytes of data, but currently each line in the ODU4 frame includes 16 bytes of overhead, and only in the T 1.25G timeslots carry service data, and each 1.25G timeslot corresponds to 191 bytes of data in each row of the ODU4 frame.
  • Bit rate of the second ODU also known as "ODU4r"
  • v ODU4 represents the standard bit rate of ODU4.
  • implementation method one can be combined with implementation method two, and implementation method one can also be combined with implementation method three.
  • the network device sends the second ODU.
  • the process of sending the second ODU by the network device may include that the network device first maps the second ODU to the OTU according to the mapping process of the traditional OTN network, and then maps the OTU to the m FlexO interface.
  • step 420 includes: the network device maps the second ODU to a third ODU, and the bit rate of the third ODU is any one of n * 25G, n * 50G, and n * 100G, and n is Positive integer; the network device sends a third ODU through m FlexO interfaces, and the bit rate of each FlexO interface is any one of 25G, 50G, 100G, 200G, and 400G, and m is a positive integer.
  • the size of the second ODU obtained through processing may vary, and the network device may determine the size of the second ODU according to the FAS carried in the second ODU.
  • the size of the second ODU may also be fixed. Specifically, the network device may determine the size of the second ODU according to the service type to which the data to be carried belongs.
  • the method further includes: determining, by the network device, a maximum data amount of data carried in the second ODU according to a service type to which the data carried in the first ODU belongs; step 420 includes the network device An ODU performs the processing to obtain the second ODU, and a data amount of data carried in the second ODU is the maximum data amount.
  • the first ODU is ODU4 and the second ODU is ODU4r.
  • the data amount of the service data carried in ODU4 is represented by N.
  • the overhead carried in the ODU4r frame occupies 64 bytes.
  • the maximum amount of data that can be carried in the ODU4r frame is used.
  • M indicates that when N is less than M, MN padding information can be supplemented in the payload area of the ODU4r frame, so that the size of the second ODU is a fixed value.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a method for transmitting data.
  • the bit rate of the second ODU is reduced.
  • the second ODU at this time may be the second ODU obtained by processing the first ODU mentioned above; the second ODU may also be the first ODU mentioned above, that is, the unprocessed ODU.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the method shown in FIG. 9 may be executed by a network device, and the network device may be any one of the OTN devices shown in FIG. 1 that sends data. Specifically, it may be a source node or an intermediate node.
  • the network device obtains a second optical data unit ODU to be sent.
  • the network device directly maps the second ODU to a FlexO frame.
  • the network device directly maps the second ODU to m FlexO interfaces, where m is a positive integer.
  • mapping the second ODU directly to the FlexO frame mapping of the second ODU to the OTU in the traditional OTN network is avoided, and a new OTU layer overhead is added to reduce the bit rate of the second ODU.
  • the bit rate of each FlexO interface is 25G, 50G, 100G, 200G, or 400G.
  • the FlexO frame includes the section monitoring overhead (Section Monitor) (SM) at the OTU level, and the SM may be located in a reserved byte to the FlexO frame overhead area, which is not limited in this application.
  • SM section monitoring overhead
  • the second ODU in the method shown in FIG. 9 is the second ODU in the method shown in FIG. 4, it can be understood that the method shown in FIG. 9 and the method shown in FIG. 4 can be combined, that is, At the same time, by optimizing the second ODU encapsulation method and optimizing the second ODU mapping method, the bit rate of the second ODU is reduced.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application. The method includes:
  • the network device processes a first ODU to be sent to obtain a second ODU, and a bit rate of the second ODU is lower than a bit rate of the first ODU.
  • the network device sends the second ODU through a FlexO interface.
  • step 1010 and step 410 are basically the same, and the implementation of step 1020 and step 920 are basically the same, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of bit rate improvement in the process of service data transmission in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the bit rate of the service data carried in the first ODU is 800 Gbit / s.
  • the network equipment uses 64b / 66b encoding to encode the service data to be carried to generate a 66-bit code block, which will bring a 3.13% bit rate improvement.
  • the deletion of idle code blocks by network devices reduces the bit rate improvement by 0.19%. Among them, 20 free code blocks out of every 10240 66-bit code blocks.
  • the network device uses the 256b / 257b encoding of the 66-bit code block in ODUflex to generate a 257-bit code block. At this time, the bit rate reduced by compression coding is increased to
  • the network device then directly maps the 257-bit code block to the ODUflex through the BMP, which will increase the bit rate by 0.42%.
  • the network device maps ODUflex to ODUC8. Because ODUflex originally has ODU overhead, there is no need to add ODU layer overhead, so the rate is increased to 0.
  • the network device directly maps ODUflex to the FlexO interface through GMP. Due to the overhead of encapsulating FlexO frames. Therefore, it will bring about a bit rate improvement of 0.19%.
  • the improvement of the bit rate brought by the method is about 0.81%, and the traditional data transmission solution usually causes 5%. Therefore, the data transmission process in the embodiment of the present application greatly reduces the degree of improvement in bit rate.
  • the rate improvement brought by the data transmission technology provided by the embodiments of the present application is equivalent to the rate improvement brought by the Ethernet technology. The advantage of doing so is that the OTN equipment using this technology can use the same as the Ethernet equipment.
  • the optical module enables the same optical module to be used for different devices, which is beneficial to reducing the cost of the optical module and further reducing the cost of the OTN device.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 may be executed by any OTN device except the source end and the destination end in the OTN shown in FIG. 1. It should be noted that, in the solution described in FIG. 12, the same name or processing method as the above may be understood as the same thing or processing method. For brevity, reference may be made to the description above, and details are not described herein again.
  • the method includes:
  • the network device receives a second optical data unit ODU.
  • the network device processes the second ODU to obtain a first ODU, and a bit rate of the second ODU is lower than a bit rate of the first ODU.
  • the above-mentioned processing performed on the second ODU can be understood as a reverse process of the processing performed on the first ODU, that is, the processing performed on the first ODU.
  • the processing performed on the second ODU may be a decoding process corresponding to the compression encoding.
  • the processing performed on the second ODU may include adding padding information.
  • the processing process for the first ODU includes deleting an unused time slot, the processing process for the second ODU is adding a time slot.
  • the network device decodes the second ODU to obtain the first ODU.
  • a network device can demap service data from the second ODU payload area.
  • the service data is a 257-bit code block data stream
  • the network device decodes the service data, restores it to a 66-bit code block data stream, and then 66-bit code block The data stream is mapped to the first ODU.
  • the network device directly decodes the second ODU.
  • the service data carried in the second ODU is a 257-bit code block data stream
  • the network device decodes the 257-bit code block data stream and restores it to a 66-bit code block data stream.
  • 2 66bit overhead code blocks and delete the synchronization headers of the 2 66bit overhead code blocks, convert them to 16-byte ODU overhead, and move the 16-byte ODU overhead to the overhead position, that is, 3824 per line of the ODU frame
  • Each byte contains 16 bytes of overhead to get the first ODU.
  • the network device can decode the data in the payload area of the second ODU during the decoding process. And the overhead of the second ODU is decoded using different decoding methods.
  • the network device fills the padding information into the second ODU to obtain the first ODU.
  • the network device may perform rate adaptation by filling the IDLE code block in the payload area of the second ODU according to the rate difference between the bit rate of the second ODU and the bit rate of the first ODU, and restore the first A bit rate of an ODU, thereby obtaining a first ODU.
  • the network device can learn the mapping pattern of the valid data carried in the second ODU in the first ODU, and insert the deleted padding in the second ODU again. Information to get the first ODU.
  • a network device fills a time slot into the second ODU to obtain the first ODU.
  • the network device can obtain the overhead of the indicated multiplexing structure carried in the second ODU, and determine the time slot distribution and occupation of the original first ODU through the overhead.
  • the network device can add an unused Gap to obtain the first ODU.
  • the network device obtains data from the first ODU.
  • the method further includes: the network device determines a service type to which data carried in the second ODU belongs; and the network device determines a size of the second ODU frame according to a service type to which the data belongs .
  • FIG. 13 to FIG. 15 can implement one or more steps in FIG. 4, FIG. 9, FIG. 10, or FIG. 12. To avoid repetition, details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 1300 shown in FIG. 13 includes a processing unit 1310 and a sending unit 1320.
  • the device 1300 may be configured to execute the method shown in FIG. 4, that is, the processing unit 1310 performs step 410 and the sending unit 1320 performs step 420.
  • the device 1300 may be configured to execute the method shown in FIG. 9, that is, the processing unit 1310 performs step 910 and the sending unit 1320 performs step 920.
  • the device 1300 may be configured to execute the method shown in FIG. 10, that is, the processing unit 1310 performs step 1010 and the sending unit 1320 performs step 1020.
  • the processing unit 1310 may also be configured to perform other steps except sending and receiving in the method embodiment in the foregoing figure. For details, refer to the related description of the foregoing method embodiment, and details are not described herein.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network device 1500 shown in FIG. 15 may include: a memory 1510, a processor 1520, an input / output interface 1530, and a transceiver 1540.
  • the memory 1510, the processor 1520, the input / output interface 1530, and the transceiver 1540 are connected through an internal connection path.
  • the memory 1510 is used to store instructions
  • the processor 1520 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 1520 to control input /
  • the output interface 1530 receives input data and information, outputs data such as operation results, and controls the transceiver 1540 to send signals.
  • the processor 1520 may be configured to perform an operation of the processing unit 1310 of FIG.
  • the transceiver 1540 may be used to perform a transmitting operation of the transmitting unit 1320 of FIG. 13 or an operation of the receiving unit 1420 of FIG. 14.
  • the processor 1520 is configured to perform operations on data frames in the foregoing method embodiment
  • the transceiver 1540 is configured to perform one or more operations of sending and receiving in the foregoing method embodiment. For details, refer to the foregoing method embodiment. The relevant descriptions are not repeated here.
  • processor 1520 may use a general-purpose central processing unit (Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for performing related Program to implement the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the transceiver is also called a communication interface, and uses a transceiver device such as, but not limited to, a transceiver to implement communication between a network device and other devices or a communication network.
  • the memory may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor.
  • a portion of the processor may also include non-volatile random access memory.
  • the processor may also store information about the type of device.
  • each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the communication method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or may be implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • a software module may be located in a mature storage medium such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • the processor may be a CPU, and the processor may also be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, and a ready-made programmable gate array (field programmable gate). array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which may be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objective of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each of the units may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application is essentially a part that contributes to the existing technology or a part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the foregoing storage media include: U disks, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks or compact discs and other media that can store program codes .

Abstract

本申请提供了一种传输数据的方法和装置，该方法包括：网络设备对待发送的光数据单元ODU进行处理得到另一ODU，所述另一ODU的比特速率低于所述ODU的比特速率；所述网络设备发送所述另一ODU。本申请实施例通过对ODU进行处理得到比特速率较低的另一ODU，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升，以降低OTN接口速率，从而降低OTN的成本。

Description

传输数据的方法和装置 技术领域
本申请涉及光传送网领域，并且更具体地，涉及数据传输技术。
背景技术
光网络是一类可以实现业务信号的传送、复用、路由选择、监控的传送网络，例如，光传送网(Optical Transport Network，OTN)。OTN作为下一代传送网的核心，包括电层和光层的技术规范，具备操作管理维护(Operation Administration and Maintenance，OAM)功能，联连接监视(Tandem Connection Monitoring，TCM)能力以及带外前向纠错(Forward Error Correction，FEC)能力，有利于实现大容量业务的灵活调度和管理。为此，OTN的数据帧需要提供较多的开销信息。这使得OTN数据帧相对于业务数据的速率存在较大的提升，造成了OTN成本的增加。
因此，为了降低在OTN中传输数据产生的速率提升，从而达到降低成本的目的，急需一种新的传输数据技术。
发明内容
本申请提供一种传输数据的方法和装置，以降低ODU的比特速率，有利于减少光网络的成本。
第一方面，提供一种传输数据的方法，包括：网络设备对待发送的第一光数据单元ODU进行处理得到第二ODU，所述第二ODU的比特速率低于所述第一ODU的比特速率；所述网络设备发送所述第二ODU。
本申请实施例通过对第一ODU进行处理得到比特速率较低的第二ODU，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升，以降低OTN接口速率，从而降低OTN的成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一ODU的帧结构与所述第二ODU的帧结构不同，或所述第一ODU的编码方式与所述第二ODU的编码方式不同。
本申请实施例通过更改帧结构或改变ODU的编码方式，以降低第二ODU的比特速率，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对待发送的第一光数据单元ODU进行处理，得到第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第一ODU进行压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
本申请实施例通过对第一ODU进行压缩编码，以降低第二ODU的比特速率，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对所述第一ODU进行压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第一ODU的净荷区中的数据进行第一压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对所述第一ODU进行编码，得到所述第二 ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第一ODU中的开销进行第二压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对待发送的第一光数据单元ODU进行处理，得到第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息，得到所述第二ODU。
本申请实施例通过删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息，以降低第二ODU的比特速率，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。可选地，所述填充信息为空闲码块。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备获取所述第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案；所述网络设备删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息，得到所述第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备根据所述第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案，删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对待发送的第一光通路数据单元ODU进行处理，得到第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备删除所述第一ODU中未使用的时隙，得到所述第二ODU。
本申请实施例通过删除所述第一ODU中未使用的时隙，以降低第二ODU的比特速率，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备发送所述第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备将所述第二ODU映射到第三ODU，所述第三ODU的比特速率为n*25G，n*50G和n*100G中的任意一种，n为正整数；所述网络设备通过m路FlexO接口发送所述第三ODU，m为正整数，每路所述FlexO接口的比特速率为25G，50G，100G，200G或400G中的任意一种，m为正整数。
本申请实施例通过对FlexO接口和第三ODU配置不同的比特速率，可以为多种不同比特速率的业务数据提供传输服务。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备发送所述第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备直接将所述第二ODU映射至FlexO帧。即网络设备直接将第二ODU映射到m路FlexO接口，并通过FlexO接口发送第二ODU。
本申请实施例通过将第二ODU直接映射至FlexO接口，避免了将ODU封装为OTU，添加OTU的开销，导致的比特速率提升，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
在一种可能的实现方式中，传输所述FlexO帧通过的m路FlexO接口中每路FlexO接口的比特速率为25G，50G，100G，200G或者400G，所述m为正整数。
本申请实施例中，通过为FlexO接口配置不同的比特速率，可以为多种不同比特速率的业务数据提供传输服务。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备根据所述第一ODU中携带承载的数据所属的业务类型，确定所述第二ODU中携带数据的最大数据量；所述网络设备对待发送的第一光通路数据单元ODU进行处理，得到第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第一ODU进行所述处理得到所述第二ODU，所述第二ODU中携带承载的数据的数据量为所述最大数据量。
本申请实施例通过定义第二ODU中携带数据的最大数据量，使得第二ODU的帧大小固定，便于网络设备定帧。
第二方面，提供一种传输数据的方法，包括：网络设备获取待发送的第二光数据单元ODU；所述网络设备直接通过FlexO接口发送所述第二ODU。
本申请实施例直接通过FlexO接口发送所述第二ODU，避免了将ODU封装为OTU，添加OTU的开销，导致的比特速率提升，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备获取待发送的第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备获取第一ODU；所述网络设备对所述第一ODU进行处理得到所述第二ODU，所述第二ODU的比特速率低于所述第一ODU的比特速率。
本申请实施例通过对第一ODU进行处理得到比特速率较低的第二ODU，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升，以降低OTN接口速率，从而降低OTN的成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一ODU的帧结构与所述第二ODU的帧结构不同，或所述第一ODU的编码方式与所述第二ODU的编码方式不同。
本申请实施例通过更改帧结构或改变ODU的编码方式，以降低第二ODU的比特速率，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对待发送的第一ODU进行处理得到第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第一ODU进行压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
本申请实施例通过对第一ODU进行压缩编码，以降低第二ODU的比特速率，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对第一ODU进行处理得到第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息，得到所述第二ODU。
本申请实施例通过删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息，以降低第二ODU的比特速率，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备获取所述第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案；所述网络设备删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息，得到所述第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备根据所述第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案，删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对待发送的第一光通路数据单元ODU进行处理，得到第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备删除所述第一ODU中未使用的时隙，得到所述第二ODU。
本申请实施例通过删除所述第一ODU中未使用的时隙，以降低第二ODU的比特速率，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
第三方面，提供一种传输数据的方法，包括：网络设备接收第二光数据单元ODU；所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行处理得到第一ODU，所述第二ODU的比特速率低于第一ODU的比特速率；所述网络设备从所述第一ODU中获取数据。
本申请实施例使用相对于第一ODU而言比特速率较低的第二ODU承载数据，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升，以降低OTN接口速率，从而降低OTN的成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一ODU的帧结构与所述第二ODU的帧结构不同，或所述第一ODU的编码方式与所述第二ODU的编码方式不同。
本申请实施例通过更改帧结构或改变ODU的编码方式，以降低第二ODU的比特速率，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行处理，得到第一ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行解码得到所述第一ODU。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行解码得到所述第一ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第二ODU的净荷区中的数据进行第一解码，得到所述第一ODU。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行解码得到所述第一ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第二ODU中的开销进行第二解码，得到所述第一ODU。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行解码得到所述第一ODU，包括：所述网络设备向所述第二ODU中填充填充信息，得到所述第一ODU。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行处理，得到第一ODU，包括：所述网络设备向所述第二ODU中填充时隙，得到所述第一ODU。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备确定所述第二ODU中承载的数据所属的业务类型；所述网络设备根据所述数据所属的业务类型确定所述第二ODU帧的大小。
第四方面，提供了一种网络设备，所述网络设备包括用于执行上述方法中网络设备执行的步骤所需的各个模块。这些模块可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的单元。
第五方面，提供一种传输数据的装置。该装置可以为上述方法设计中的网络设备，或者为设置在网络设备中的芯片。该装置包括：存储器，用于存储计算机可执行程序代码；通信接口，以及处理器，处理器与存储器、通信接口耦合。其中存储器所存储的程序代码包括指令，当处理器执行所述指令时，使装置执行上述方法中网络设备所执行的方法。
第六方面，提供了一种网络设备，包括处理器和存储器。该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序，使得该发送端执行上述方法。
第七方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序代码，当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述各方面中的方法。
需要说明的是，上述计算机程序代码可以全部或者部分存储在第一存储介质上，其中第一存储介质可以与处理器封装在一起的，也可以与处理器单独封装，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
第八方面，提供了一种计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质存储有程序代码，当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述各方面中的方法。
本申请实施例通过对第一ODU进行处理得到比特速率较低的第二ODU，有利于降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升，以降低OTN接口速率，从而降低OTN的成本。
另一方面，本申请实施例提供的数据传输技术带来的速率提升可以跟以太网技术带来的速率提升相当，这么做的好处是使得使用本技术的OTN设备可以跟以太网设备使用相同的光模块，使得相同的光模块用于不同的设备，从而有利于降低光模块的成本，从而进 一步降低OTN设备的成本。
附图说明
图1是光网络架构的示意性框图。
图2示出了一种OTU帧结构的示意图。
图3示出了传输业务数据的过程的示意性流程图。
图4是本申请实施例的传输数据的方法的示意性流程图。
图5示出了本申请实施例的ODU的帧结构的示意图。
图6示出了本申请实施例的ODU的帧结构的示意图。
图7示出了本申请实施例的ODU的帧结构的示意图。
图8示出了本申请实施例中将数据封装为ODU的过程中比特速率提升的示意图。
图9是本申请另一实施例的传输数据的方法的示意性流程图。
图10是本申请另一实施例的传输数据的方法的示意性流程图。
图11是本申请实施例中业务数据传输的过程中比特速率提升的示意图。
图12是本申请实施例的传输数据的方法的示意性流程图。
图13是本申请实施例的传输数据的装置的示意图。
图14是本申请实施例的传输数据的装置的示意图。
图15是本申请实施例的网络设备的结构示意性图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解，先结合图1简单介绍本申请实施例适用的通信系统。图1是光网络架构的示意性框图。
图1所示的光网络可以是OTN。一个OTN通常由多个OTN设备通过光纤连接而成，可以根据具体需要组成如线型、环形和网状等不同的拓扑类型。如图1所示的OTN 100由8个OTN设备101组成，即设备A-H；光纤102，用于连接两个OTN设备；客户业务接口103，用于接收或发送客户业务数据。例如，可以通过客户业务接口103将待传输的客户业务数据从OTN设备F经由OTN设备G传输至OTN设备H，则OTN设备F可以是传输该业务数据的源端，OTN设备G可以是传输该业务数据的中间节点，OTN设备H可以是传输该业务数据的目的端。根据实际的需要，一个OTN设备可能具备不同的功能。一般地来说，OTN设备分为光层设备、电层设备以及光电混合设备。
光层设备指的是能够处理光层信号的设备，例如：光放大器(optical amplifier，OA)、光分插复用器(optical add-drop multiplexer，OADM)。OA也可被称为光线路放大器(optical line amplifier，OLA)，主要用于对光信号进行放大，以支持在保证光信号的特定性能的前提下传输更远的距离。OADM用于对光信号进行空间的变换，从而使其可以从不同的输出端口(有时也称为方向)输出。根据能力不同，OADM可以分为固定的OADM(fixed OADM，FOADM)，可配置的OADM(reconfigurable OADM，ROADM)等。电层设备指的是能够处理电层信号的设备，例如：能够处理OTN信号的设备。光电混合设备指的是具备处理光层信号和电层信号能力的设备。需要说明的是，根据具体的集成需要，一台OTN设备可以集合多种不同的功能。本申请提供的技术方案适用于不同形态和集成度的OTN设 备。
在OTN中传输客户的业务数据时，可以将业务数据封装在OTN帧中进行传输。OTN帧可以是光数据单元(Optical Data Unit，ODU)k、ODUCn、ODUflex，或者光传输单元(Optical Transport Unit，OTU)k，OTUCn，或者灵活OTN(Flexible OTN，FlexO)帧等。图2示出了一种OTU帧结构的示意图。OTN帧为4×4080的模块化结构(即4行4080列)，OTN帧中承载有帧对齐信号(Frame Alignment Signal，FAS)、OTUk开销(Overhead，OH)、ODUk OH、OPUk OH、OPUk以及FEC。其中，FAS用于提供帧对齐和定位的功能，长度为6个字节，位于OTU帧的第1行，第1-6列；OTUk OH用于提供光传送单元级别的网络管理功能，位于OTU帧的第1行，第8-14列；ODUk OH用于提供维护和操作功能，位于OTU帧的第2-4行，第1-14列；光净荷单元(Optical Payload Unit，OPU)k OH用于提供客户信号适配的功能，位于OTU帧的第1-4行，第15-16列；OPUk用于提供客户信号承载的功能，位于OTU帧的第1-4行，第17-3824列。FEC用于提供错误探测和纠错功能，位于OTU帧的第1-4行，第3825-4080列。
从图2所示的OTU帧结构中，可以看出OTU帧包括ODU帧以及OTU开销，而ODU帧包括OPU以及ODU开销。上述OPUk，ODUk和OTUk中的系数k表示不同的比特速率等级，例如，k＝0表示比特速率为1.25Gbit/s，k＝1表示比特速率为2.5Gbit/s，k＝2表示比特速率为10Gbit/s，k＝3表示比特速率为40Gbit/s，k＝4表示比特速率为100Gbit/s，k＝Cn表示比特速率为n*100Gbit/s，k＝flex表示比特速率为n*1.25Gbit/s(n≥2)。另外，图2仅示出了一种可能的OTU帧的结构。在不同的情况下，上述OTU帧的结构可能有变化。例如，对于k＝0和k＝flex的情况，只有OPU0、ODU0和OPUflex、ODUflex。对于OTUCn而言，OTU帧由n路OTUC帧组成，并且该OTU帧结构中不包含FEC区域。
除非特殊的说明，本申请中的ODU帧(又称ODU)以及下文中的第一ODU和第二ODU具体可以是ODUk、ODUCn或ODUflex的任意一种；本申请中的OTU帧(又称OTU)指的是OTUk、OTUCn或者FlexO的任意一种。
在通过传统的OTN和以太网传输同等速率的业务数据时，在OTN中传输数据的接口速率相对于以太网中传输数据的同等速率接口的速率通常存在提升。也就是说，传输同样速率的业务数据时，单位时间内，OTN中需要传输的数据量大于以太网中需要传输的数据量。图3示出了传输业务数据的过程的示意性流程图。图3给出了传输100Gbit/s的业务数据和传输400Gbit/s的业务数据处理流程示例。
在传输100Gbit/s以太网(Gbit/s Ethernet，100GE)业务数据的过程中，使用64b/66b编码方式对业务数据进行编码生成66bit码块数据流，会导致3.13％的速率提升；在将66bit码块数据流映射至OPU4时，可能会导致1.01％的速率提升；将OPU4封装至ODU4时，会导致0.42％的速率提升；将ODU4映射至OPUCn时，会导致0.02％的速率提升；将OPUCn封装至ODUCn时，会导致0.42％的速率提升；将ODUCn映射至FlexO帧时，会导致0.37％的速率提升；最终为FlexO帧添加FEC时，会导致5.84％的速率提升。
在传输400GE的业务数据的过程中，使用64b/66b编码方式对业务数据进行编码生成66bit码块数据流，会导致3.13％的速率提升；在将66bit码块数据流映射至ODUflex时，会导致0.42％的速率提升；将ODUflex映射至OPUCn时，会导致0.02％的速率提升；将OPUCn封装至ODUCn时，会导致0.42％的速率提升；将ODUCn映射至FlexO帧时，会 导致0.37％的速率提升；最终为FlexO帧添加FEC时，会导致5.84％的速率提升。
从图3的这两个处理示例可以看出导致速率提升的原因主要有编码方式以及封装方式两方面的原因。
原因一、编码方式，待承载的业务数据是通过64b/66b编码得到的66bit码块数据流的形式传输的，也就是说，对于每64bit的数据需要编码为66bit码块进行传输，导致了速率提升。
原因二、封装方式，在OTN中传输业务数据时，需要对业务数据进行多层封装，每层封装的过程中都会添加相应的开销，导致了速率提升。
在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升，导致了OTN成本的提升。因此，为了降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升，以降低OTN接口速率，从而降低OTN的成本，本申请实施例提供了一种传输数据的方法。下文结合图4至图6详细介绍。结合图4主要介绍通过优化ODU的编码方式，以降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。结合图5主要介绍通过优化ODU的映射方式，以降低在OTN中传输业务数据时的速率提升。
图4是本申请实施例的传输数据的方法的示意性流程图。图4所示的方法可以由网络设备执行，网络设备可以是图1中所示的任何一个发送数据的OTN设备。具体地，可以是源节点或中间节点。
410，网络设备对待发送的第一光数据单元ODU进行处理得到第二ODU，所述第二ODU的比特速率低于所述第一ODU的比特速率。
通过对第一ODU进行处理，以降低第一ODU的比特速率，生成第二ODU，使得在相同的时间内，第二ODU承载的数据量小于第一ODU承载的数据量。因此，第二ODU可以理解为对第一ODU降速后得到的ODU，第一ODU为ODUk时，第二ODU可以用ODUkr(ODUk reduction)表示；第一ODU为ODUflex时，第二ODU可以用ODUflexr表示。
上述处理可以包括对第一ODU进行压缩编码、删除第一ODU中的填充信息，删除第一ODU中的空闲时隙等，本申请实施例对于处理的实现形式不做限定。
通过处理后，第一ODU的帧结构可以与第二ODU的帧结构不同。例如，第一ODU的帧结构为图2中ODU的帧结构。而第二ODU的帧结构中，用于承载业务数据的OPUk/OPUflex占用的时隙小于传统的OPUk/OPUflex占用的时隙。图5示出了本申请实施例的ODU的帧结构的示意图。在图5所示的ODU的帧结构中，第一ODU的帧结构中包括时隙(Time Slot或者Tributory Slot，TS)#1，TS#2，…，TS#i，…，TS#Q-1，以及TS#Q，共Q个时隙，Q为正整数。而第二ODU的帧结构中包括TS#1，TS#2，…，TS#i，…，TS#i，以及TS#Q-1，共Q-1个时隙。
又例如，第二ODU的帧结构为连续的66bit码块流或257b码块流，其中该码块流中包含开销码块和净荷码块，开销码块由第一ODU的帧结构的开销区进行压缩编码得到，净荷码块由第一ODU的帧结构的净荷区进行压缩编码得到。图6示出了本申请实施例的ODU的帧结构的示意图。图6所示的ODU的帧结构中，第一ODU为传统的4×3824的结构化模块，包括开销区和净荷区。而第二ODU由多个连续的66bit码块数据流构成，第一ODU中的每行开销被编码为2个66bit的码块，并位于每行净荷区对应的第一个66bit净荷码块之前。
又例如，第二ODU的帧结构可以是删除第一ODU的净荷区中的填充(Fixed Stuff，FS)信息得到的。图7示出了本申请实施例的ODU的帧结构的示意图。应理解，图7仅示出了第一ODU的帧结构，未示出处理后的第二ODU的帧结构。在图7所示的ODU的帧结构中，第一ODU为传统的4×3824的结构化模块，包括开销区和净荷区。净荷区中包含空闲码块(作为填充信息的一种可选的实现方式)和有效数据码块。而第二ODU的帧结构中可以将第一ODU中的空闲码块全部删除，并将与空闲码块相邻的两个有效数据码块拼接为相邻的码块，以减小第二ODU的净荷区中数据的比特数量，以降低ODU的比特速率。
需要说明的是，ODU的帧结构中有效数据码块可以存在跨行的情况，即图7中“D-1st”和“D-2nd”共同组成一个有效数据码块。
通过处理后，第一ODU的编码方式与第二ODU的编码方式不同。例如，第一ODU采用64b/66b的编码方式，第二ODU可以是在采用64b/66b的编码方式的基础上，继续采用256b/257b的压缩编码生成的。
下文详细介绍本申请实施例中对第一ODU进行处理的几种可能的实现方式。
实现方式一，处理可以包括对第一ODU进行压缩编码。即步骤410包括：网络设备对所述第一ODU进行压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
上述对第一ODU进行压缩编码可以理解为，对第一ODU的净荷区中的数据进行压缩编码，或者对第一ODU的开销进行压缩编码，或者对第一ODU的净荷区中的数据以及开销一起进行压缩编码，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。在对第一ODU的净荷区中的数据以及第一ODU的开销进行编码时，可以使用相同的编码方式，也可以使用不同的编码方式。
另外，上述第一ODU的编码方式为64b/66b时，压缩编码可以是256b/257b编码，即将4个66bit的码块编码为一个257bit的码块，以减少了7bit的数据量。当然还可以采用其他编码方式对66bit码块进行压缩编码。例如，将8个66bit码块通过512b/513b编码为一个513bit的码块，以进一步减少数据量。本申请实施例对此不做限定。
上述第一ODU的编码方式为8b/10b时，压缩编码可以是64b/66b编码，即将8个10bit的码块编码为一个66bit的码块，以减少了14bit的数据量。当然还可以继续将4个66bit码块编码为一个257bit的码块，以进一步减少数据量。本申请实施例对此不做限定。
上述第一ODU的编码方式为8b/10b时，压缩编码还可以是256b/257b编码，即将32个10bit码块编码为一个257bit的码块，以减少了63bit的数据量。当然还可以将64个10bit码块编码为一个513bit码块，以进一步减少数据量。本申请实施例对此不做限定。
需要说明的是，上述压缩编码可以为一次或多次压缩编码，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
以第一ODU为ODU4为例，结合图8说明上述对净荷区中的数据进行压缩编码的过程。图8示出了本申请实施例中将数据封装为ODU的过程中比特速率提升的示意图。待承载的业务数据的比特速率为100Gbit/s，业务数据通过64b/66b编码生成66bit码块，会导致3.13％的比特速率提升；再通过GMP将数据映射至ODU4中，会导致1.43％的比特速率提升。网络设备可以从ODU4的净荷区解映射出100GE的66bit码块数据流，此时，66bit码块数据流的比特速率是
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000001
对66bit码块数据流通过 256b/257b编码转换为257b码块数据流，再将257b码块数据流通过比特同步映射(Bit Synchronous Mapping Procedure，BMP)的方式映射至第二ODU，或称“ODU4r”。ODU4r的比特速
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000002
其中，100表示待传输的数据的速率，
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000003
表示采用256b/257b编码方式时的比特速率提升比例，
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000004
表示ODU4r帧大小与ODU4r中净荷区的大小的比率。上述ODU4r的比特速率相对于ODU4的标准比特速率104.794Gbit/s而言，降低了约4.0％。或者说，在将第一ODU中的数据映射至ODU4r之前，比特速率已经降低了
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000005
以第一ODU为ODU4，且多路低阶的ODUj(j＝0，1，2，2e，3)映射复用到ODU4的情况为例，由于ODU4为满足100GE业务的承载，其标准比特速率定义为104.794Gbit/s，其相对100Gbit/s比特速率，存在4.79％的比特速率提升。在映射复用多路低阶ODUj时，仍然存在速率冗余情况，网络设备可以从ODU4净荷区解映射出多路ODUj，多路ODUj再次映射复用到ODU4r，其中ODU4r比特速率
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000006
其中，100表示待传输的数据的速率，
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000007
表示采用256b/257b编码方式时的比特速率提升比例，
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000008
表示ODU4r帧大小与ODU4r中净荷区的大小的比率。上述ODU4r的比特速率相对于ODU4的标准比特速率104.794Gbit/s而言，降低了约4.0％。
以第一ODU为ODUflex为例，说明对净荷区中的数据进行压缩编码的过程。网络设备从ODUflex的净荷区中解映射出25GE的66bit码块数据流，对66bit码块数据流通过256b/257b编码转换为257b码块数据流，再将257b码块数据流通过BMP的方式映射至ODUflexr。其中，ODUflexr的比特速
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000009
其中，25表示待传输的数据的速率，
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000010
表示采用256b/257b编码时的比特速率提升比例，
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000011
表示ODUflexr帧大小与ODUflexr中净荷区的大小的比率。上述ODUflexr的比特速率相对于ODUflex的比特速率
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000012
而言，降低了约
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000014
以第一ODU为ODUflex为例，说明上述对开销以及净荷区中的数据进行压缩编码的过程。网络设备可以将ODUflex中每行的16字节开销转换为2个66bit开销码块，也即将前8个字节作为64比特数据，添加2比特同步头01，将后8个字节作为64比特数据，添加2比特同步头01。网络设备再从ODUflex帧净荷区中恢复出完整的66bit码块数据流，并分别在上述2个66bit码块的开销所在的当前行，以及当前行对应的净荷区中的第一个66bit码块之前插入上述2个66b开销码块。
网络设备将ODUflex转换后的66bit码块通过256b/257b编码转换为257b码块，得到由257b码块数据流构成的ODUflexr。其中，ODUflexr比特速率
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000016
V表示待承载的业务257bit码块数据流的比特速率，
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000017
表示采用64b/66b编码方式时的比特速率提升比例，Z表示ODUflexr中开销的大小，Z＝4×16，z表示ODUflexr中净荷区的大小，z＝4×3808。
例如，对于待承载的业务数据为25GE，其比特速率为25Gbit/s，进行64b/66b编码后，得到66bit码块数据流，其比特速率为
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000018
再将66码块通过BMP映 射至ODUflex后，ODUflex的比特速率为
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000019
其中，25Gbit/s表示待传输的业务数据的比特速率，
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000020
表示采用64b/66b编码时的比特速率提升比例，
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000021
表示ODUflex帧大小与ODUflex中净荷区的大小的比率。网络设备使用采用256b/257b编码对上述ODUflex进行压缩编码，得到ODUflexr，则ODUflexr比特速率为
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000024
表示采用64b/66b编码方式时的比特速率提升比例，Z表示ODUflexr中开销的大小，Z＝4×16，z表示ODUflexr中净荷区的大小，z＝4×3808，相当于v ODUflex而言，比特速率降低约
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000025
又例如，对于待承载的业务为通用公共无线电接口(Common Public Radio Interface，CPRI)业务时，该业务数据通常为10bit码块数据流，即网络设备从ODUflex的净荷区解映射出10b码块数据流，再通过64b/66b编码将10bit码块数据流转换为66bit码块数据流。也就是说，将8个10bit的码块编码为一个66bit的码块，以减少14bit的数据量，最终将66bit码块数据流通过BMP映射至ODUflexr，则ODUflexr的比特速率低于ODUflex的比特速率。
实现方式二，上述处理还可以包括删除第一ODU中的填充信息。即步骤410包括：网络设备删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息，得到所述第二ODU。
上述填充信息可以是由于速率匹配等原因添加至第一ODU中的冗余信息，例如可以是通过通用映射规程(Generic Mapping Procedure，GMP)或空闲映射规程(IDLE Mapping Procedure，IMP)将业务数据映射至第一ODU中产生的填充信息。填充信息的具体体现形式可以是全0或者空闲(IDLE)码块。
若第一ODU为当前帧，则网络设备可以通过当前帧的上一帧中携带的GMP映射开销信息(例如，Cm信息)，确定第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案，该映射图案指示了第一ODU中净荷区中填充信息的分布。网络设备此时可以根据第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案，删除第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息。
另外，需要说明的是，如果第一ODU的封装节点设备和上述网络设备为同一节点，则该节点可以直接获取第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案，并对第一ODU的净荷区中的填充信息进行删除。
实现方式三、上述处理还可以包括删除第一ODU中未使用的时隙。即上述步骤410包括：所述网络设备删除所述第一ODU中未使用的时隙，得到所述第二ODU。
当一个ODU中承载多种业务的业务数据时，一个ODU中会存在未使用的时隙。此时，网络设备可以通过删除第一ODU中的未使用的时隙，以降低比特速率。
例如，第一ODU为ODU4时，在ODU4被划分为80个时隙，ODU4帧中每行可以承载3824字节的数据量，但是目前ODU4帧中每行包括16字节的开销，以及仅在T个1.25G时隙中承载有业务数据，且每个1.25G时隙在ODU4帧的每行中对应承载的数据量为191字节，则删除第一ODU中未使用的时隙后，得到第二ODU，又称“ODU4r”的比特速率
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000026
其中v ODU4表示ODU4的标准比特速率。
上述三种实现方式之间可以单独使用，还可以结合使用。本申请实施例对此不做具体 限定。例如，实现方式一可以和实现方式二结合，实现方式一还可以和实现方式三结合。
420，所述网络设备发送所述第二ODU。
网络设备发送第二ODU的过程可以包括网络设备按照传统的OTN网络的映射过程将第二ODU先映射至OTU中，再将该OTU映射至m路FlexO接口。
可选地，步骤420包括：网络设备将所述第二ODU映射到第三ODU，所述第三ODU的比特速率为n*25G，n*50G和n*100G中的任意一种，n为正整数；所述网络设备通过m路FlexO接口发送第三ODU，每路所述FlexO接口的比特速率为25G，50G，100G，200G和400G中的任意一种，m为正整数。
需要说明的是，上述m路FlexO接口的参数m，与表示第三ODU的比特速率的参数n之间的关系不做限定，n可以小于m，例如，n＝1，m＝4，可以表示1*100G比特速率的第三ODU通过4路25G比特速率的FlexO接口发送；或者n等于m，例如，n＝4，m＝4，可以表示4*100G比特速率的第三ODU通过4路100G比特速率的FlexO接口发送；或者n大于m，例如，n＝4，m＝2，可以表示4*100G比特速率的第三ODU通过2路200G比特速率的FlexO接口发送。
通过处理得到第二ODU的大小可以是变化的，网络设备可以根据第二ODU中携带的FAS确定第二ODU的大小。上述第二ODU的大小还可以是固定的。具体而言，网络设备可以根据待承载的数据所属的业务类型，确定第二ODU的大小。
即，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备根据所述第一ODU中承载的数据所属的业务类型，确定所述第二ODU中携带数据的最大数据量；步骤420包括网络设备对所述第一ODU进行所述处理得到所述第二ODU，所述第二ODU中承载的数据的数据量为所述最大数据量。
例如，第一ODU为ODU4，第二ODU为ODU4r，ODU4中承载的业务数据的数据量用N表示，ODU4r帧中承载的开销占用64字节，ODU4r帧中可以承载的数据的最大数据量用M表示，则当N小于M时，可以在ODU4r帧的净荷区中补充M-N个填充信息，以使第二ODU的大小为固定值。
本申请实施例还提供一种传输数据的方法，通过优化第二ODU在OTN中的映射方式，以降低第二ODU的比特速率。需要说明的是，此时的第二ODU可以是上文中提到的对第一ODU进行处理得到的第二ODU；第二ODU还可以是上文中的第一ODU，即未经过处理的ODU。
图9是本申请另一实施例的传输数据的方法的示意性流程图。图9所示的方法可以由网络设备执行，网络设备可以是图1中所示的任意一个发送数据的OTN设备。具体地，可以是源节点或中间节点。
910，网络设备获取待发送的第二光数据单元ODU。
920，所述网络设备直接将所述第二ODU映射至FlexO帧。或者说，所述网络设备将所述第二ODU直接映射至m路FlexO接口，m为正整数。
本申请实施例中，通过将第二ODU直接映射至FlexO帧，避免传统的OTN网络中将第二ODU映射至OTU中，增加新的OTU层次开销，以降低第二ODU的比特速率。
可选地，上述每路FlexO接口的比特速率为25G，50G，100G，200G或者400G。此时，FlexO帧包含OTU层次的段监控开销(Section Monitor，SM)，SM可以位于到FlexO 帧开销区的保留字节，本申请对此不作限定。
需要说明的是，图9所示的方法中的第二ODU为图4所示的方法中的第二ODU时，可以理解为图9所示的方法和图4所示的方法可以结合，即同时通过优化第二ODU封装方式以及优化第二ODU映射方式，降低第二ODU的比特速率。
图10是本申请另一实施例的传输数据的方法的示意性流程图。该方法包括：
1010，网络设备对待发送的第一ODU进行处理得到第二ODU，所述第二ODU的比特速率低于所述第一ODU的比特速率。
1020，所述网络设备通过FlexO接口发送所述第二ODU。
步骤1010与步骤410的实现方式基本相同，步骤1020与步骤920的实现方式基本相同，在此不再赘述。
图11是本申请实施例中业务数据传输的过程中比特速率提升的示意图。第一ODU中承载的业务数据的比特速率为800Gbit/s，网络设备使用64b/66b编码将待承载的业务数据进行编码，生成66bit的码块，会带来3.13％的比特速率提升。
网络设备删除空闲码块使得比特速率提升降低了0.19％。其中，每10240个66bit码块中的20个空闲码块。
网络设备将ODUflex中66bit的码块，采用256b/257b编码，生成257bit的码块，此时通过压缩编码降低的比特速率提升为
Figure PCTCN2018088465-appb-000027
网络设备再将257bit的码块直接通过BMP映射至ODUflex，会带来0.42％的比特速率提升。
网络设备将ODUflex映射至ODUC8，由于ODUflex原本带有ODU开销，因此无需再添加ODU层的开销，因此速率提升为0。
网络设备将ODUflex通过GMP直接映射至FlexO接口，由于需要封装FlexO帧的开销。因此，会带来0.19％的比特速率提升。
综上，以实现方式一、实现方式二与图5所示的方法相结合的数据传输过程中，带来的比特速率的提升约为0.81％，而传统的数据传输方案通常会导致的5％的比特速率的提升，因此，本申请实施例的数据传输过程大大减少了比特速率的提升程度。需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的数据传输技术带来的速率提升跟以太网技术带来的速率提升相当，这么做的好处是使得使用本技术的OTN设备可以跟以太网设备使用相同的光模块，使得相同的光模块用于不同的设备，从而有利于降低光模块的成本，从而进一步降低OTN设备的成本。
若上述图4至图11所示的数据传输方法应用于OTN中，可能会存在OTN中部分OTN设备没办法识别经过处理得到的第二ODU的情况，这时需要能够识别第二ODU的OTN设备对第二ODU进行处理，还原为第一ODU，以使得无法处理第二ODU的OTN设备能够处理第一ODU。下文结合图12进行介绍。
图12是本申请实施例的传输数据的方法的示意性流程图。图12可以由图1所示的OTN中除源端和目的端之外的任意OTN设备执行。需要说明的是，图12描述的方案中采用和上文相同的名称可以理解为相同的事物或处理方式，为了简洁，可以参见上文中的描述，在此不再赘述。该方法包括：
1210，网络设备接收第二光数据单元ODU。
1220，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行处理得到第一ODU，所述第二ODU的比特速率低于第一ODU的比特速率。
上述对第二ODU进行的处理相对于上文中对第一ODU进行的处理而言，可以理解为是对第一ODU进行的处理的逆处理过程，也就是说，对第一ODU进行的处理过程包括压缩编码时，对第二ODU进行的处理过程可以是该压缩编码对应的解码过程；对第一ODU进行的处理过程包括删除填充信息时，对第二ODU进行的处理过程可以包括添加填充信息；对第一ODU进行的处理过程包括删除未使用的时隙时，对第二ODU进行的处理过程为添加时隙。
下文具体说明本申请实施例中对第二ODU进行处理的几种可能的实现方式。
实现方式一，网络设备对第二ODU进行解码得到第一ODU。
例如，网络设备可以从第二ODU净荷区中解映射出业务数据，当业务数据为257bit码块数据流时，网络设备对其进行解码，还原为66bit码块数据流，之后将66bit码块数据流映射到第一ODU。
又例如，网络设备对第二ODU进行直接解码，当第二ODU中承载的业务数据为257bit码块数据流，网络设备将257bit码块数据流解码，还原为66bit码块数据流，之后识别连续的2个66bit开销码块，并删除2个66bit开销码块的同步头，转换为16字节的ODU开销，同时将该16字节的ODU开销移动到开销的位置，即ODU帧每行3824个字节包含16字节的开销，从而得到第一ODU。
当然，如果第二ODU的净荷区中的数据和第二ODU的开销，是分别采用不同的编码方式得到的，那么解码的过程中，网络设备可以对第二ODU的净荷区中的数据以及第二ODU的开销使用不同的解码方式进行解码。
实现方式二，网络设备向第二ODU中填充填充信息，得到第一ODU。
对于IMP映射方式，网络设备可以根据第二ODU的比特速率和第一ODU的比特速率之间的速率差异，通过在第二ODU的净荷区中通过填充IDLE码块进行速率适配，还原第一ODU的比特速率，从而得到第一ODU。
对于GMP映射，网络设备根据第二ODU中携带的映射信息，例如Cm值，可以获知第二ODU中的承载的有效数据在第一ODU的映射图案，从而在第二ODU中再次插入删除的填充信息，得到第一ODU。
实现方式三，网络设备向所述第二ODU中填充时隙，得到所述第一ODU。
具体地，网络设备可以获取第二ODU中承载的指示复用结构的开销，通过开销确定原来的第一ODU的时隙分布和占用情况，网络设备可以根据开销在第二ODU中添加未使用时隙，从而得到所述第一ODU。
1230，所述网络设备从所述第一ODU中获取数据。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备确定所述第二ODU中承载的数据所属的业务类型；所述网络设备根据所述数据所属的业务类型确定所述第二ODU帧的大小。
上文结合图1至图12详细的说明了描述了本申请实施例的传输数据的方法，下面结合图13至图15，详细描述本申请实施例的装置。应理解，图13至图15所示的装置能够实现图4、图9、图10或图12中的一个或者多个的步骤，为避免重复，在此不再详细赘 述。
图13是本申请实施例的传输数据的装置的示意图。图13所示的装置1300包括处理单元1310和发送单元1320。在一种可能的实现中，装置1300可以用于执行图4所示的方法，即处理单元1310执行步骤410，发送单元1320执行步骤420。在另一种可能实现的方式中，装置1300可以用于执行图9所示的方法，即处理单元1310执行步骤910，发送单元1320执行步骤920。在又一种可能实现的方式中，装置1300可以用于执行图10所示的方法，即处理单元1310执行步骤1010，发送单元1320执行步骤1020。需要说明的是，处理单元1310还可以用于执行前述图中的方法实施例中的其他除发送和接收的步骤，可参见前述方法实施例的相关介绍，此处不予赘述。
图15是本申请实施例的网络设备的结构示意性图。图15所示的网络设备1500可以包括：存储器1510、处理器1520、输入/输出接口1530和收发机1540。其中，存储器1510、处理器1520、输入/输出接口1530和收发机1540通过内部连接通路相连，该存储器1510用于存储指令，该处理器1520用于执行该存储器1520存储的指令，以控制输入/输出接口1530接收输入的数据和信息，输出操作结果等数据，并控制收发机1540发送信号。具体地，处理器1520可以用于执行图13的处理单元1310的操作，或者执行图14的处理单元1410的操作。类似地，收发机1540可以用于执行图13的发送单元1320的发送操作，或者执行图14的接收单元1420的操作。需要说明的是，处理器1520用于执行前述方法实施例里针对数据帧的操作，收发机1540用于执行前述方法实施例中的发送和接收的一个或者多个操作，可参见前述方法实施例的相关说明，此处不予赘述。
应理解，处理器1520可以采用通用的中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，微处理器，应用专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)，或者一个或多个集成电路，用于执行相关程序，以实现本申请实施例所提供的技术方案。
还应理解，收发机又称通信接口，使用例如但不限于收发器一类的收发装置，来实现网络设备与其它设备或通信网络之间的通信。存储器可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器提供指令和数据。处理器的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，处理器还可以存储设备类型的信息。
在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本申请实施例所公开的通信方法可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。
应理解，本申请实施例中，该处理器可以为CPU，该处理器还可以是其它通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、ASIC、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可 以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (40)

  1. 一种传输数据的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    网络设备对待发送的第一光数据单元ODU进行处理得到第二ODU，所述第二ODU的比特速率低于所述第一ODU的比特速率；
    所述网络设备发送所述第二ODU。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一ODU的帧结构与所述第二ODU的帧结构不同；或，所述第一ODU的编码方式与所述第二ODU的编码方式不同。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备对待发送的第一光数据单元ODU进行处理得到第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第一ODU进行压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备对所述第一ODU进行压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第一ODU的净荷区中的数据进行第一压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备对所述第一ODU进行编码，得到所述第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第一ODU中的开销进行第二压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
  6. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备对待发送的第一光数据单元ODU进行处理得到第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息，得到所述第二ODU。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述填充信息为空闲码块。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述网络设备获取所述第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案；
    所述网络设备删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息，得到所述第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备根据所述第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案，删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息。
  9. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备对待发送的第一光通路数据单元ODU进行处理得到第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备删除所述第一ODU中未使用的时隙，得到所述第二ODU。
  10. 如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备发送所述第二ODU，包括：
    所述网络设备将所述第二ODU映射到第三ODU，所述第三ODU的比特速率为n*25G，n*50G和n*100G中的任意一种，n为正整数；
    所述网络设备通过m路灵活光传送网FlexO接口发送所述第三ODU，m为正整数，每路所述FlexO接口的比特速率为25G，50G，100G，200G或400G中的任意一种。
  11. 如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备发送所述第二ODU，包括：所述网络设备直接将所述第二ODU映射至FlexO帧。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，传输所述FlexO帧通过的m路FlexO接口中每路FlexO接口的比特速率为25G，50G，100G，200G或者400G，m为正整数。
  13. 如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二ODU的比特速率大于所述第二ODU中承载的业务数据的比特速率。
  14. 一种传输数据的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    网络设备接收第二光数据单元ODU；
    所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行处理得到第一ODU，所述第二ODU的比特速率低于第一ODU的比特速率；
    所述网络设备从所述第一ODU中获取数据。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一ODU的帧结构与所述第二ODU的帧结构不同；或，所述第一ODU的编码方式与所述第二ODU的编码方式不同。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行处理得到第一ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行解码得到所述第一ODU。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行解码得到所述第一ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第二ODU的净荷区中的数据进行第一解码，得到所述第一ODU。
  18. 如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行解码得到所述第一ODU，包括：所述网络设备对所述第二ODU中的开销进行第二解码，得到所述第一ODU。
  19. 如权利要求16-18中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行解码得到所述第一ODU，包括：所述网络设备向所述第二ODU中填充填充信息，得到所述第一ODU。
  20. 如权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备对所述第二ODU进行处理得到第一ODU，包括：所述网络设备向所述第二ODU中填充时隙，得到所述第一ODU。
  21. 一种网络设备，其特征在于，包括：
    处理器，用于对待发送的第一光数据单元ODU进行处理得到第二ODU，所述第二ODU的比特速率低于所述第一ODU的比特速率；
    输入输出接口，用于发送所述处理器得到的所述第二ODU。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一ODU的帧结构与所述第二ODU的帧结构不同；或，所述第一ODU的编码方式与所述第二ODU的编码方式不同。
  23. 如权利要求21或22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器用于：对所述第一ODU进行压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器用于：对所述第一ODU的净荷区中的数据进行第一压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
  25. 如权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器用于：对所述第一ODU中的开销进行第二压缩编码，得到所述第二ODU。
  26. 如权利要求21或22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器用于：删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息，得到所述第二ODU。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的装置，其特征在于，所述填充信息为空闲码块。
  28. 如权利要求26或27所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器用于：
    获取所述第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案；
    根据所述第一ODU的净荷区的映射图案，删除所述第一ODU中的至少部分填充信息。
  29. 如权利要求21或22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器用于：删除所述第一ODU中未使用的时隙得到所述第二ODU。
  30. 如权利要求21-29中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器用于：
    将所述第二ODU映射到第三ODU，所述第三ODU的比特速率为n*25G，n*50G和n*100G中的任意一种，n为正整数；
    通过m路FlexO接口发送所述第三ODU，每路所述FlexO接口的比特速率为25G，50G，100G，200G或400G中的任意一种，m为正整数。
  31. 如权利要求21-29中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器用于：
    直接将所述第二ODU映射至FlexO帧。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的装置，其特征在于，传输所述FlexO帧通过的m路FlexO接口的比特速率为25G，50G，100G，200G或者400G，m为正整数。
  33. 如权利要求21-32中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二ODU的比特速率大于所述第二ODU中承载的业务数据的比特速率。
  34. 一种网络设备，其特征在于，包括：
    输入输出接口，用于接收第二光数据单元ODU；
    处理器，用于对所述输入输出接口接收的所述第二ODU进行处理，得到第一ODU，所述第二ODU的比特速率低于第一ODU的比特速率；
    所述处理器，还用于从所述第一ODU中获取数据。
  35. 如权利要求34所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一ODU的帧结构与所述第二ODU的帧结构不同，或，所述第一ODU的编码方式与所述第二ODU的编码方式不同。
  36. 如权利要求34或35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：对所述第二ODU进行解码，得到所述第一ODU。
  37. 如权利要求36所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：对所述第二ODU的净荷区中的数据进行第一解码，得到所述第一ODU。
  38. 如权利要求36所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：对所述第二ODU中的开销进行第二解码，得到所述第一ODU。
  39. 如权利要求34或35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：向所述第二ODU中填充填充信息，得到所述第一ODU。
  40. 如权利要求34或35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：向所述第二ODU中填充时隙，得到所述第一ODU。
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