WO2019218593A1 - 发声器及耳机 - Google Patents

发声器及耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019218593A1
WO2019218593A1 PCT/CN2018/111522 CN2018111522W WO2019218593A1 WO 2019218593 A1 WO2019218593 A1 WO 2019218593A1 CN 2018111522 W CN2018111522 W CN 2018111522W WO 2019218593 A1 WO2019218593 A1 WO 2019218593A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air flow
flow passage
diaphragm
space
casing
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/111522
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐增强
张志兵
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2019218593A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019218593A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1091—Details not provided for in groups H04R1/1008 - H04R1/1083
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/10—Details of earpieces, attachments therefor, earphones or monophonic headphones covered by H04R1/10 but not provided for in any of its subgroups

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electroacoustic products, in particular to a sound generator and an earphone.
  • the sound damper is provided with a dustproof hole (or fine mesh) at the sound hole communicating with the front cavity.
  • the front cavity of the existing sounder is not designed to balance the air pressure.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a sounder, which aims to solve the technical problem that the acoustic performance of the existing acoustic component with a small acoustic cavity space is reduced after the dustproof fine mesh is installed at the sound hole.
  • a sound generator provided by the present invention includes a housing and a sounding unit, the sounding unit includes a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system, the vibration system includes a diaphragm; a front side of the diaphragm and the shell a space between the bodies forms a front cavity, a space between the back side of the diaphragm and the yoke of the magnetic circuit system forms a rear cavity, and the housing is provided with a sound hole communicating with the front cavity
  • the housing is further provided with a first air flow passage connecting the front cavity and the outer space.
  • the first air flow passage extends in a circumferential direction of the diaphragm to have a narrow hole shape.
  • the first air flow passage is provided with two and arranged at a circumferential interval of the diaphragm.
  • the two first air flow channels are arranged symmetrically about the center of the diaphragm.
  • the sound generator further includes a first damping net, and the first damping net is disposed in the first air flow passage.
  • the housing is further provided with a second air flow passage connecting the rear cavity and the pressure relief cavity.
  • the housing includes an upper casing and an annular bracket; the lower side of the upper casing is open, and the annular bracket is disposed at an opening of the lower side of the upper casing, the first air flow passage and A second air flow passage is formed on the annular bracket.
  • the present invention also provides an earphone comprising the sound generator of any of the above.
  • the earphone further includes a lower casing covering the casing, the lower casing is located on a side of the magnetic circuit system facing away from the diaphragm, and the first airflow passage is connected to the magnetic circuit The space between the yoke and the lower casing of the system.
  • the annular bracket includes a fixing ring and an outer convex portion disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the fixing ring, the first air flow passage is formed in the outer convex portion, and the upper shell and the lower shell are respectively provided corresponding to the first A avoidance groove of an air flow passage.
  • the bottom wall of the lower casing is spaced from the yoke of the magnetic circuit system.
  • the housing is further provided with a second air flow passage connecting the rear cavity and the outer space
  • the sound generator further includes a second damping net
  • the second damping net is disposed on the second air flow passage .
  • the sound generator of the invention adopts a first air flow passage connecting the front cavity and the outer space on the casing, so that the air pressure of the front cavity can be adjusted by the first air flow channel when the diaphragm vibrates, thus increasing the compression of the front cavity space. ratio. And because the obstruction is reduced, the amplitude and degree of freedom of the diaphragm are increased, thereby improving the acoustic performance.
  • the front cavity of the present invention can be designed to be smaller under the premise of ensuring the same performance, and the volume of the product can be further reduced when applied to the corresponding product.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of an embodiment of an earphone according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the annular bracket of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the inventive earphone of FIG. 1 in an assembled state.
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A in Figure 3.
  • the directional indication is only used to explain in a certain posture (as shown in the drawing)
  • the relative positional relationship between the components, the motion situation, and the like if the specific posture changes, the directional indication also changes accordingly.
  • first”, “second”, etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of the "first”, “second”, etc. is used for the purpose of description only, and is not to be construed as an Its relative importance or implicit indication of the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” or “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the technical solutions between the various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the combination of the technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that the combination of the technical solutions does not exist. It is also within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
  • the invention proposes a sounder.
  • the sound generator includes a housing 1 and a sounding unit.
  • the sounding unit includes a vibration system 21 and a magnetic circuit system 22, and the vibration system 21 includes a diaphragm 211; a space between the front side of the diaphragm 211 and the housing 1 forms a front chamber 111, a back side of the diaphragm 211 and a magnetic circuit system 22
  • the sound yoke 221 and the casing 1 form a rear cavity 112.
  • the casing 1 is provided with a sound hole 12 communicating with the front cavity 111.
  • the casing 1 is further provided with a first connecting front cavity 111 and an outer space 113. Air flow channel 13.
  • the housing 1 is enclosed with the lower case 16 of the following embodiment to form a space for accommodating the sounding unit, that is, the cavity 11.
  • the outer shape may not be limited, and the outer shape of the housing 1 may be according to the appearance. Designed to adapt to adjustments.
  • the sound hole 12 in the casing 1 is usually provided at a portion of the casing 1 facing the diaphragm 211 for transmitting sound generated from the casing 1 out of the casing 1.
  • the first air flow passage is disposed at a portion of the housing opposite to the portion where the sound hole 12 is located.
  • the sound holes 12 are usually provided in a plurality of arrays and are arranged in an array. For more details about the sound holes 12, reference may be made to the existing design, and details are not described herein again.
  • the vibration system 21 further includes a voice coil 212 fixedly connected to the diaphragm 211.
  • the magnetic circuit system 22 includes a magnetic yoke 221 and a magnetic steel. 222 and the magnetic conductive plate 223, a magnetic gap 224 into which the voice coil 212 extends is formed in the magnetic circuit system 22.
  • the alternating current of the voice coil 212 is vibrated by different ampere-amperes, and the voice coil 212 vibrates to drive the diaphragm 211.
  • the energy conversion method is electric energy - mechanical energy - acoustic energy.
  • the size and position of the first air flow channel 13 may not be limited as long as the communication flow requirement can be met, in other words, as long as the flow area of the first air flow channel 13 and the space of the front cavity 111 Adapt to it. It should be understood that when only one of the first air flow passages 13 is provided, the flow area refers to the flow area of the first air flow passage 13 itself. When the first air flow passage 13 is provided in plurality, the flow area refers to the total flow area of the plurality of first air flow passages 13.
  • the sound generator of the present invention can adjust the air pressure of the front chamber 111 by the first air flow passage 13 when the diaphragm 211 vibrates by using the first air flow passage 13 that connects the front chamber 111 and the outer space 113 on the casing 1.
  • the compression ratio of the front chamber 111 is increased. Specifically, when the front chamber 111 is compressed, a part of the air in the front chamber 111 can enter the outer space 113 via the first air flow passage 13, and thus, the front chamber 111 can be compressed to a greater extent. And since the obstruction is reduced, the amplitude and the degree of freedom of the diaphragm 211 are increased, thereby improving the acoustic performance.
  • the front cavity 111 of the present invention can be designed to be smaller in comparison with the existing sounder while ensuring the same performance, and the volume of the product can be further reduced when applied to the corresponding product.
  • the first air flow passage 13 extends in the circumferential direction of the diaphragm 211 to have a narrow hole shape.
  • the first air flow passage 13 is provided with two and arranged along the circumferential interval of the diaphragm 211.
  • the two first air flow passages 13 are symmetrically arranged about the center of the diaphragm 211.
  • the sound generator further includes a first damping net 3, and the first damping net 3 is disposed on the first air flow path 13.
  • the flow area of the first air flow path 13 can be adjusted, and then the throughput of the air flow in the first air flow path 13 under a specific pressure difference can be adjusted. That is, the first damping net 3 also functions to adjust the acoustic resistance.
  • the mesh of the first damper mesh 3 can also be regarded as an air flow passage.
  • the first air flow channel 13 can be adapted to different internal space ratios of the casing 1 by providing different first damping nets 3, such as the front cavity 111, the rear cavity 112 and the outer space 113, to achieve different acoustics. Performance output.
  • the housing 1 is further provided with a second air flow passage 14 that communicates the rear chamber 112 and the outer space 113.
  • the size and position of the second air flow passage 14 may not be limited as long as the communication flow requirement can be satisfied, in other words, as long as the flow area of the second air flow passage 14 is adapted to the space of the front cavity 111. It should be understood that when only one of the second air flow passages 14 is provided, the flow area refers to the flow area of the second air flow passage 14 itself. When the second air flow passage 14 is provided in plurality, the flow area refers to the total flow area of the plurality of second air flow passages 14.
  • the pressure of the rear chamber of the inventive sound generator can be adjusted by the external space 113 by providing the second air flow passage 14. Similar to the adjustment of the front chamber 111, when the rear chamber is compressed, a portion of the air in the rear chamber can enter the outer space 113 via the second air flow passage 14, so that the rear chamber is compressed to a greater extent. Thus, since the obstruction is reduced, the amplitude and the degree of freedom of the diaphragm 211 are increased, thereby improving the acoustic performance.
  • the front cavity 111 and the rear cavity 112 of the present invention can be designed to be smaller under the premise of ensuring the same performance, and the product can be further reduced when applied to the corresponding product. volume of.
  • the housing 1 includes an upper casing 15 and an annular bracket 17, the lower side of the upper casing 15 is open, and the annular bracket 17 is disposed at an opening on the lower side of the upper casing 15, the first airflow
  • the passages 13 are all formed on the ring bracket 17.
  • the front wall 111 is formed between the top wall of the upper casing 15 and the diaphragm 211.
  • the casing 1 is subdivided into the upper casing 15 and the annular bracket 17, and the first air passage is 13 is provided on the annular support 17, which not only facilitates the concentrated formation of the first air flow passage 13, but also facilitates the assembly of the vibration system 21 and the magnetic circuit system 22.
  • the second air flow passage 14 is also disposed on the annular bracket 17.
  • the present invention also provides an earphone, which includes a sounder.
  • the specific structure of the sounder refers to the above embodiment. Since the earphone adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least the technical solution of the above embodiment. All the beneficial effects will not be repeated here.
  • the earphone may be a wired earphone or a wireless earphone.
  • the earphone wire is used to provide power for the sounder.
  • the wireless headset generally includes a wireless transceiver module and a battery module, and the battery module is electrically connected to the sounder to provide power to the sounder.
  • the earphone further includes a lower casing 16 that is covered with the casing 1.
  • the lower casing 16 is located on a side of the magnetic circuit system 22 facing away from the diaphragm 211, and the first airflow passage 13 is connected. The space between the yoke 221 and the lower case 16 of the magnetic circuit system 22.
  • the external space 113 is mainly served by the space between the bottom wall of the lower case 16 and the magnetic circuit system 22.
  • the shape of the space between the yoke and the lower case 16 may not be limited as long as a buffer space of a sufficient size can be provided.
  • the air flow may simultaneously flow through the front chamber 111, the outer space 113, and the rear chamber, and sequentially through the rear chamber, the outer space 113, and the front chamber 111. flow. That is, the front cavity 111, the outer space 113 and the rear cavity are mutually expanded, which further reduces the air pressure obstruction of the vibration.
  • the assembly of the lower case and the housing can facilitate the assembly of the vibration system 21 and the magnetic circuit system 22, and better protect the sounder.
  • the housing includes an upper casing 15 and an annular bracket 17; the annular bracket 17 is disposed between the upper casing 15 and the lower casing 17, and the first airflow passage 13 is formed on the annular bracket 17. .
  • the first air flow passage 13 is disposed on the annular bracket 17, which not only facilitates the concentrated formation of the first air flow passage 13, but also facilitates the assembly of the vibration system 21 and the magnetic circuit system 22.
  • the second air flow passage 14 is also disposed on the annular bracket 17.
  • the upper casing 15 and the annular bracket 17 may be integrally provided or the lower casing 16 may be integrally provided with the annular bracket 17.
  • the annular bracket 17 includes a fixing ring 171 and an outer convex portion 172 disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the fixing ring 171.
  • the first air flow passage 13 is formed in the outer convex portion 172, and the upper casing 15 and the lower casing 16 are respectively provided with corresponding first airflows.
  • the first air flow passage 13 functions to connect the front cavity 111 and the outer space 113, by providing the outer convex portion 172 on the outer circumferential surface of the fixing ring 171 to open the first air flow passage 13, the first airflow passage 13 can be avoided.
  • An air flow path 13 engraves the installation space of the vibration system 21 or the magnetic circuit system 22.
  • the fixing ring 171 includes a ring 171a and an inner convex portion 171b provided on the inner side surface of the ring 171a.
  • the outer convex portion 172 is disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the ring 171a, and the second air flow passage 14 is formed in the inner convex portion 171b. It is advantageous for the second air flow passage 14 to communicate with the rear chamber 112.
  • the second air flow passage 14 extends in the circumferential direction of the diaphragm 211 to have a narrow hole shape.
  • the second air flow passages 14 are provided with two and are arranged along the circumferential interval of the diaphragm 211.
  • the two second air flow passages 14 are symmetrically arranged about the center of the diaphragm 211.
  • the bottom wall of the lower case 16 is spaced apart from the yoke 221 of the magnetic circuit system 22, and the external space 113 is annularly disposed in contact with the bottom wall of the lower case 16 of the magnetic circuit system 22, and the magnetic circuit system 22 is provided.
  • the outer wall 113 is enlarged relative to the bottom wall of the lower case 16, thereby further improving the pressure-reducing ability.
  • the housing 1 is further provided with a second air flow passage 14 communicating with the rear cavity 112 and the outer space 113.
  • the sound generator further includes a second damping net 4, and the second damping net 4 is disposed on the second air flow passage. 14.
  • the flow area of the second air flow passage 14 can be adjusted by adjusting the opening ratio and the opening area of the second damping net 4, and then the specific pressure difference is adjusted.
  • the throughput of the airflow in the second airflow passage 14, i.e., the second damping mesh 3, also functions to adjust the acoustic resistance.
  • the mesh of the second damping net 4 can also be regarded as an air flow passage.
  • separately providing different second damping nets 4 can make the second air flow channels 14 adapt to different internal space ratios of the casing 1 to achieve different acoustic performance outputs.
  • the first air flow channel 13 and the second air flow channel 14 are adapted to different internal space ratios of the housing 1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种发声器及耳机，其中，所述发声器包括壳体以及发声单元，所述发声单元包括振动系统及磁路系统，所述振动系统包括振膜；所述振膜的前侧与所述壳体之间的空间形成前腔，所述振膜的背侧与所述磁路系统的导磁轭之间的空间形成后腔，所述壳体上开设有与所述前腔连通的声孔，所述壳体上还设有连通所述前腔及外部空间的第一气流通道。本发明发声器在壳体上设置连通前腔与外部空间的第一气流通道，使得在振膜振动时可以借由第一气流通道调整前腔的气压，从而提升了声学性能。

Description

发声器及耳机 技术领域
本发明涉及电声产品技术领域，特别涉及一种发声器及耳机。
背景技术
需要应用到在小型声学产品中(如耳机)的发声器，由于内部空间受限发声器的前腔及后腔均比较小。并且为防止灰尘等杂质进入，发声器在与前腔连通的声孔处安装了防尘细孔(或细网)。现有的发声器的前腔并未设计平衡该气压的结构，如此，振膜振动时，前腔空间较小，其瞬时气压大，而防尘细网的设置会导致气流流通受阻较大，从而影响产品振幅和灵敏度，造成失真。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提出一种发声器，旨在解决现有的声腔空间较小的声学部件在声孔处安装防尘细网后声学性能下降的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出的发声器，包括壳体以及发声单元，所述发声单元包括振动系统及磁路系统，所述振动系统包括振膜；所述振膜的前侧与所述壳体之间的空间形成前腔，所述振膜的背侧与所述磁路系统的导磁轭之间的空间形成后腔，所述壳体上开设有与所述前腔连通的声孔，所述壳体上还设有连通所述前腔及外部空间的第一气流通道。
优选地，所述第一气流通道沿所述振膜的周向延伸而呈狭孔状。
优选地，所述第一气流通道设置有两个并沿所述振膜的周向间隔布置。
优选地，两个所述第一气流通道关于所述振膜的中心对称布置。
优选地，所述发声器还包括第一阻尼网，所述第一阻尼网蒙设于所述第一气流通道。
优选地，所述壳体上还设有连通所述后腔及缓压腔的第二气流通道。
优选地，所述壳体包括上壳及环形支架；所述上壳的下侧呈敞口设置， 所述环形支架设于所述上壳下侧的敞口处，所述第一气流通道及第二气流通道均形成在所述环形支架上。
本发明还提供一种耳机，包括上述任一项所述的发声器。
优选地，所述耳机还包括与所述壳体盖合的下壳，所述下壳位于所述磁路系统的背离所述振膜的一侧，所述第一气流通道连通所述磁路系统的导磁轭与下壳之间的空间。
优选地，所述环形支架包括固定环及设于所述固定环外周面的外凸部，所述第一气流通道开设于外凸部，所述上壳及下壳均设有对应所述第一气流通道的避位凹槽。
优选地，所述下壳的底壁与所述磁路系统的导磁轭间隔设置。
优选地，所述壳体上还设有连通所述后腔及外部空间的第二气流通道，所述发声器还包括第二阻尼网，所述第二阻尼网设置于所述第二气流通道。
本发明发声器通过采用在壳体上设置连通前腔与外部空间的第一气流通道，使得在振膜振动时可以借由第一气流通道调整前腔的气压，如此增加了前腔空间的压缩比。并且由于阻碍减小，振膜的振幅及自由度的得以增大，从而提升了声学性能。换句话说，与现有的发声器相比，在保证相同性能的前提下，本发明的前腔可以设计得更小，应用到相应的产品时，可以进一步缩小该产品的体积。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明耳机一实施例的部分分解结构示意图；
图2为图1中环形支架的结构示意图；
图3为图1中发明耳机装配状态下的剖面结构示意图。
图4为图3中A处的局部放大图。
附图标号说明：
壳体：1；容腔：11；前腔：111；后腔：112；外部空间：113；声孔：12；第一气流通道：13；第二气流通道：14；上壳：15；避位凹槽：151；下壳：16；避位凹槽：161；环形支架：17；固定环：171；筒环：171a；内凸部：171b；外凸部：172；振动系统：21；振膜：211；音圈：212；磁路系统：22；导磁轭：221；磁钢：222；导磁板：223；磁隙：224；第一阻尼网：3；第二阻尼网：4。
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，若本发明实施例中有涉及方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，若本发明实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
本发明提出一种发声器。
在本发明实施例中，如图1至图4所示，该发声器包括壳体1以及发声单元。发声单元包括振动系统21及磁路系统22，振动系统21包括振膜211； 振膜211的前侧与壳体1之间的空间形成前腔111，振膜211的背侧与磁路系统22的导磁轭221与壳体1之间形成后腔112，壳体1上开设有与前腔111连通的声孔12，壳体1上还设有连通前腔111及外部空间113的第一气流通道13。
本实施例中，壳体1与下述实施例的下壳16围合形成用于提供一可容纳发声单元的空间即容腔11，至于外形可以不做限定，壳体1的外形可以根据外观设计做适应调整。壳体1上的声孔12通常设于壳体1的与振膜211的正对的部位，用于将自壳体1内产生的声音传出壳体1。第一气流通道设置在壳体的与声孔12所在部位相对的部位。声孔12通常设置有多个并呈阵列设置，更多地关于声孔12特征可以参考现有设计，在此不再赘述。
振动系统21及磁路系统22均可以参考现有的形式，具体的，振动系统21还包括与振膜211固定连接的音圈212，作为示例，磁路系统22包括导磁轭221、磁钢222及导磁板223，磁路系统22内形成有供音圈212伸入的磁隙224，音圈212连通变化的电流则受到不同大小的安培力而振动，音圈212振动带动振膜211振动，其能量变换方式是电能—机械能—声能。
本实施例中，第一气流通道13的大小及位置也可以不做限定，只要能满足连通的流量要求即可，换句话说，只要第一气流通道13的流通面积与前腔111的空间大小相适应即可。应当理解的是，当第一气流通道13只设置一个时，该流通面积指该第一气流通道13本身的流通面积。当第一气流通道13设置有多个时，该流通面积指多个第一气流通道13的总流通面积。
本发明发声器通过采用在壳体1上设置连通前腔111与外部空间113的第一气流通道13，使得在振膜211振动时可以藉由第一气流通道13调整前腔111的气压，如此，增加了前腔111的压缩比。具体地，在前腔111被压缩时，前腔111中的一部分空气可经由第一气流通道13进入外部空间113，如此，前腔111得以被更大程度地压缩。并且由于阻碍减小，振膜211的振幅及自由度的得以增大，从而提升了声学性能。换句话说，与现有的发声器相比，在保证相同性能的前提下，本发明的前腔111可以设计得更小，应用到相应的产品时，可以进一步缩小该产品的体积。
进一步地，为了减小第一气流通道13对发声器横向空间的占用，第一气流通道13沿振膜211的周向延伸而呈狭孔状。
进一步地，为了更均衡地调整前腔111的气压，第一气流通道13设置有两个并沿振膜211的周向间隔布置。优选地，两个第一气流通道13关于振膜211的中心对称布置。
进一步地，发声器还包括第一阻尼网3，第一阻尼网3设置于第一气流通道13。
在本实施例中，通过调整第一阻尼网3的开孔率及及开孔面积则可以调整第一气流通道13的流通面积，继而调整特定压差下第一气流通道13内气流的通过量，即第一阻尼网3的作用还在于调节声阻。实际上，在该实施例中，第一阻尼网3的网孔也可以看做是气流通道。
基于以上特点，通过设置不同的第一阻尼网3可以使得第一气流通道13适应不同的的壳体1内部空间配比，如前腔111、后腔112及外部空间113，以达到不同的声学性能输出。
进一步地，壳体1上还设有连通后腔112及外部空间113的第二气流通道14。
本实施例中，与第一气流通道13的设置相似。第二气流通道14的大小及位置也可以不做限定，只要能满足连通的流量要求即可，换句话说，只要第二气流通道14的流通面积与前腔111的空间大小相适应即可。应当理解的是，当第二气流通道14只设置一个时，该流通面积指该第二气流通道14本身的流通面积。当第二气流通道14设置有多个时，该流通面积指多个第二气流通道14的总流通面积。
通过设置第二气流通道14使得本发明发声器后腔的压力可以通过外部空间113进行调整。与前腔111的调整相似，在后腔被压缩时，后腔中的一部分空气可经由第二气流通道14进入外部空间113，如此后腔得以被更大程度地压缩。如此，由于阻碍减小，振膜211的振幅及自由度的得以增大，从而提升了声学性能。
换句话说，与现有的发声器相比，在保证相同性能的前提下，本发明的前腔111及后腔112均可以设计得更小，应用到相应的产品时，可以进一步缩小该产品的体积。
进一步地，壳体1包括上壳15及环形支架17，所述上壳15的下侧呈敞口设置，所述环形支架17设于所述上壳15下侧的敞口处，第一气流通道13 均形成在环形支架17上。
本实施例中，具体地，上壳15的顶壁与振膜211之间形成前腔111，可以理解的是，壳体1被细分为上壳15及环形支架17，而第一气流通道13设置在环形支架17上，如此不仅有利于集中成形第一气流通道13，而且还便于振动系统21及磁路系统22的装配。优选地，第二气流通道14也设置在环形支架17上。
本发明还提出一种耳机，该耳机包括发声器，该发声器的具体结构参照上述实施例，由于本耳机采用了上述所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此至少具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一赘述。
本实施例中，该耳机既可以为有线耳机也可以为无线耳机，在有线耳机的实施例中，耳机线用以为发声器提供电能。无线耳机则一般包括无线收发模块以及电池模块，该电池模块与发声器电连接，用以为发声器提供电能。
进一步地，耳机还包括与所述壳体1盖合的下壳16，所述下壳16位于所述磁路系统22的背离所述振膜211的一侧，所述第一气流通道13连通所述磁路系统22的导磁轭221与下壳16之间的空间。
本实施例中，外部空间113主要由下壳16的底壁与磁路系统22之间的空间充当。导磁轭与下壳16之间的的空间形状可以不做限定，只要能提供足够大小的缓冲空间即可。
振膜振动时，由于前腔111的压缩与后腔的压缩相对应，可同时发生气流依次经前腔111、外部空间113及后腔流动，以及依次经后腔、外部空间113及前腔111流动。即前腔111、外部空间113及后腔两两之间互为扩容，进一步减少了振动的气压阻碍。
此外，可以理解的是，通过设置下壳与壳体配合能便于振动系统21及磁路系统22的装配，并对发声器进行更好地防护。
进一步地，所述壳体包括上壳15及环形支架17；所述环形支架17设于所述上壳15与下壳17之间，所述第一气流通道13形成在所述环形支架17上。同理，而第一气流通道13设置在环形支架17上，如此不仅有利于集中成形第一气流通道13，而且还便于振动系统21及磁路系统22的装配。优选地，第二气流通道14也设置在环形支架17上。
可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，上壳15、下壳16及环形支架17三者 之间，可以是上壳15与环形支架17一体设置或下壳16与环形支架17一体设置。
进一步地，环形支架17包括固定环171及设于固定环171外周面的外凸部172，第一气流通道13开设于外凸部172，上壳15及下壳16均设有对应第一气流通道13的避位凹槽(151,161)。
本实施例中，由于第一气流通道13的作用在于连接前腔111及外部空间113，如此，通过在固定环171的外周面设置外凸部172以开设第一气流通道13，则可以避免第一气流通道13挤占振动系统21或磁路系统22的安装空间。
具体地，固定环171包括筒环171a及设于筒环171a内侧面的内凸部171b，外凸部172设于筒环171a的外周面，第二气流通道14开设于内凸部171b，如此有利于第二气流通道14连通后腔112。
与第一气流通道13相似，为了减小第二气流通道14对发声器横向空间的占用，第二气流通道14沿振膜211的周向延伸而呈狭孔状。
为了更均衡地调整后腔112的气压，第二气流通道14设置有两个并沿振膜211的周向间隔布置。两个第二气流通道14关于振膜211的中心对称布置。
进一步地，下壳16的底壁与磁路系统22的导磁轭221间隔设置，相比磁路系统22与下壳16的底壁接触而使外部空间113呈环状设置，磁路系统22相对下壳16的底壁悬空设置可以扩大外部空间113，进而进一步提升其缓压能力。
进一步地，所述壳体1上还设有连通所述后腔112及外部空间113的第二气流通道14，发声器还包括第二阻尼网4，第二阻尼网4设置于第二气流通道14。
在本实施例中，与第一阻尼网3的设置相似，通过调整第二阻尼网4的开孔率及及开孔面积则可以调整第二气流通道14的流通面积，继而调整特定压差下第二气流通道14内气流的通过量，即第二阻尼网3的作用还在于调节声阻。实际上，在该实施例中，第二阻尼网4的网孔也可以看做是气流通道。
基于以上特点，单独设置不同的第二阻尼网4可以使得第二气流通道14适应不同的的壳体1内部空间配比，以达到不同的声学性能输出。或结合设置有第一阻尼网3的实施例，第一气流通道13及第二气流通道14适应不同的的壳体1内部空间配比。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种发声器，包括壳体以及发声单元，所述发声单元包括振动系统及磁路系统，所述振动系统包括振膜；所述振膜的前侧与所述壳体之间的空间形成前腔，所述振膜的背侧与所述磁路系统的导磁轭之间的空间形成后腔，所述壳体上开设有与所述前腔连通的声孔，其特征在于，所述壳体上还设有连通所述前腔与外部空间的第一气流通道。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述第一气流通道沿所述振膜的周向延伸而呈狭孔状。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述第一气流通道设置有两个并沿所述振膜的周向间隔布置。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的发声器，其特征在于，两个所述第一气流通道关于所述振膜的中心对称布置。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述发声器还包括第一阻尼网，所述第一阻尼网设置于所述第一气流通道。
  6. 如权利要求1、2或5所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述壳体上还设有连通所述后腔及外部空间的第二气流通道。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述壳体包括上壳及环形支架；所述上壳的下侧呈敞口设置，所述环形支架设于所述上壳下侧的敞口处，所述第一气流通道及第二气流通道均形成在所述环形支架上。
  8. 一种耳机，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-7任一项所述的发声器。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的耳机，其特征在于，还包括与所述壳体盖合的下 壳，所述下壳位于所述磁路系统的背离所述振膜的一侧，所述第一气流通道连通所述磁路系统的导磁轭与下壳之间的空间。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述壳体包括上壳及环形支架；所述环形支架设于所述上壳与下壳之间，所述第一气流通道形成在所述环形支架上。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述环形支架包括固定环及设于所述固定环外周面的外凸部，所述第一气流通道开设于外凸部，所述上壳及下壳均设有对应所述第一气流通道的避位凹槽。
  12. 如权利要9所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述下壳的底壁与所述磁路系统的导磁轭间隔设置。
  13. 如权利要求8-11任一项所述的的耳机，其特征在于，所述壳体上还设有连通所述后腔及外部空间的第二气流通道，所述发声器还包括第二阻尼网，所述第二阻尼网设置于所述第二气流通道。
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