WO2019218522A1 - 一种能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法 - Google Patents

一种能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法 Download PDF

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WO2019218522A1
WO2019218522A1 PCT/CN2018/102599 CN2018102599W WO2019218522A1 WO 2019218522 A1 WO2019218522 A1 WO 2019218522A1 CN 2018102599 W CN2018102599 W CN 2018102599W WO 2019218522 A1 WO2019218522 A1 WO 2019218522A1
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laser
incident angle
processed
energy
strengthening
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French (fr)
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张永康
周泽铭
林超辉
张峥
卢国鑫
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of surface strengthening treatment of materials, and more particularly to a power density laser oblique impact method such as energy compensation.
  • Laser shock is a technique that uses a strong laser-induced shock wave to strengthen the metal, which greatly enhances the durability of the metal material. Because lasers have good accessibility and precise positioning, laser shock peening technology can handle some areas that traditional surface strengthening processes cannot handle. Laser shock reinforced technology is particularly suitable for strengthening small holes, chamfers, welds and grooves. However, when laser impact reinforcement is applied to the arc of the impeller or the entire blade root, the laser impact enhancement must be performed at an oblique incident angle. With the change of the incident angle and the arc angle, the shape and area of the projection surface of the laser beam acting on the surface occur. Changes, laser shock enhancement effect is not uniform.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a power density laser oblique impact method based on energy angle of incidence and radius of curvature to ensure the inconvenience of laser power density in the same region or trajectory, and to improve the residual stress of the metal. Distribution uniformity.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • a power density laser oblique impact method such as energy compensation including the following steps:
  • step S3 Determine the laser energy E required at the minimum incident angle ⁇ min according to the minimum incident angle ⁇ min curvature radius R determined in step S1 and the spot diameter D determined in step S2; and determine whether the laser energy E is Within the technical specifications of the laser, if yes, go to step S4; if not, return to step S2 to reselect the laser parameters;
  • the power density laser oblique impact method of the energy compensation method of the present invention compensates the laser power or energy according to the change of the incident angle and the radius of curvature of the part to be processed, thereby avoiding the shape and area change of the projection surface of the laser beam on the surface of the part.
  • the strengthening effect is not uniform, and the equal intensity strengthening is realized to ensure that the laser power density is constant in the same region or track, the uniformity of the residual stress distribution and the uniformity of the impact effect are improved, and the roughness of the laser impact treatment surface is reduced.
  • the laser incident angle ⁇ ranges from ⁇ min ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90 o .
  • the laser incident angle ⁇ is obtained by the curvature radius R of the arc-reinforced region of the part to be processed and the degree of influence of the adjacent part to be processed.
  • the part to be processed in step S1 is an impeller including a blade disc and a blade, and the arc area is provided at a joint of the blade disc and the impeller.
  • the laser shock reinforced technology is suitable for strengthening the parts that cannot be processed by conventional surface strengthening processes such as small holes, chamfers, welds and grooves, and is widely used in the arc-enhanced area of the root of the impeller.
  • the calculation of the laser energy E required at the minimum incident angle ⁇ min in step S3 comprises the following steps:
  • the spot area S is:
  • the laser strengthening starts from the end position of the arc strengthening region
  • Moving the part to be processed gradually increases the incident angle uniformly, and impacts the arc enhancement region to the maximum incident angle with the laser energy E required at the minimum incident angle ⁇ min and the minimum incident angle ⁇ min ;
  • the spot overlap rule in step S4 is that the spot overlap ratio ⁇ remains unchanged during the laser impact enhancement process, and the spot overlap ratio ⁇ is the length a ′ of the curve connected to the intersection of adjacent spots and the spot. The ratio of the length a of the curve connected to the farthest point.
  • step S5 the step of pre-processing of the area to be strengthened, the step of clamping the part to be processed, and the step of storing the strengthening path determined in step S4 in the laser are performed.
  • the pre-processing, the clamping of the parts to be machined, and the setting and storage operations of the enhanced path parameters are all routine operations of the laser, creating a precondition for the impact strengthening of the parts to be machined.
  • the power density laser oblique impact method of the energy compensation method of the present invention compensates the laser power or energy according to the change of the incident angle and the radius of curvature of the part to be processed, thereby avoiding the shape and area change of the projection surface of the laser beam on the surface of the part.
  • the strengthening effect is not uniform, and the equal intensity strengthening is realized to ensure that the laser power density is constant in the same region or track, the uniformity of the residual stress distribution and the uniformity of the impact effect are improved, and the roughness of the laser impact treatment surface is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a power density laser oblique impact method such as energy compensation according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an incident light beam in the intermediate region at a minimum incident angle in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a strengthening path of a circular arc strengthening region in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the definition of the spot overlap ratio in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 show a first embodiment of the power compensation laser oblique impact method of the present invention, including the following steps:
  • the part to be processed in this embodiment is an impeller including a blade disc and a blade, and the arc area is provided at a joint of the blade disc and the impeller.
  • step S3 Determine the laser energy E required at the minimum incident angle ⁇ min according to the minimum incident angle ⁇ min determined in step S1, the radius of curvature R, and the spot diameter D determined in step S2; and determine whether the laser energy E is In the technical specifications of the laser, if yes, go to step S4; if not, return to step S2 to reselect the laser parameters;
  • step S3 the calculation of the laser energy E required at the minimum incident angle ⁇ min in step S3 comprises the following steps:
  • the spot area S is:
  • the laser strengthening starts from the end position of the arc strengthening region
  • Moving the part to be processed gradually increases the incident angle uniformly, and impacts the arc enhancement region to the maximum incident angle with the laser energy E required at the minimum incident angle ⁇ min and the minimum incident angle ⁇ min ;
  • the spot overlap rule in step S4 is that the spot overlap ratio ⁇ remains unchanged during the laser impact enhancement process, and the spot overlap ratio ⁇ is the length a ' of the curve connected to the intersection of adjacent spots. The ratio of the length a of the curve connected to the farthest point in the spot.
  • step S5 Using a pulsed laser beam of different energy to perform laser shock strengthening on the part through different incident angles.
  • step S5 the step of pre-processing including the area to be strengthened, the step of clamping the part to be processed, and the step of storing the strengthening path determined in step S4 in the laser create a precondition for the impact strengthening of the part to be processed.
  • the invention compensates for the laser power or energy according to the change of the incident angle and the radius of curvature of the part to be processed, and avoids the uneven effect of the enhancement effect due to the shape and area change of the projection surface of the laser beam on the surface of the part, and the like.
  • the strength is strengthened to ensure that the laser power density is constant in the same area or trajectory, the uniformity of the residual stress distribution and the uniformity of the impact effect are improved, and the roughness of the laser impact treatment surface is reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

一种能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，包括：获取待加工零件强化区域的曲率半径，判断激光入射角度范围；确定激光脉冲宽度、光斑直径和垂直入射条件下所需激光能量等激光参数；计算在最小入射角度时，所需的激光能量，以及判断该能量是否在激光器的技术指标内；利用不同能量的脉冲激光束对零件进行激光冲击强化。

Description

一种能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法 技术领域
本发明涉及材料表面强化处理的技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法。
 背景技术
激光冲击是一种利用强激光诱导的冲击波来强化金属的技术，能够大幅度增强金属材料的耐久性。由于激光具有较好的可达性，能精确定位，因此激光冲击强化技术能够处理一些传统表面强化工艺不能处理的部位。激光冲击强化技术特别适合对小孔、倒角、焊缝和沟槽等部位进行强化。然而，对叶轮或整体叶片根部圆弧进行激光冲击强化时，必须斜入射角激光冲击强化，随着入射角度和圆弧角度的变化，激光束作用在表面的投影面的形状和面积都发生了变化，激光冲击强化效果不均匀。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种基于入射角和曲率半径的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，保证在同一区域或轨迹上激光功率密度的不便，提升金属残余应力的分布均匀性。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
提供一种能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、获取待加工零件的圆弧强化区域的曲率半径R及待加工零件形貌特征，判断激光入射角度 α范围，获取最小入射角度 α min ；
S2、根据待加工零件力学属性及待加工零件加工强度的要求，确定激光参数，所述激光参数包括激光脉冲强度、光斑直径D以及垂直入射条件下所需的激光能量E 0；
S3、根据步骤S1中确定的最小入射角度 α min 曲率半径R以及步骤S2中确定的光斑直径D，确定在最小入射角度 α min 时所需的激光能量E；以及判断所述激光能量E是否在激光器的技术指标内，若是，则转步骤S4；若不是，则返回步骤S2重新选定激光参数；
S4、确定待加工零件圆弧强化区域的强化路径以及光斑搭接规则；
S5、利用不同能量的脉冲激光束通过不同的入射角度对零件进行激光冲击强化。
本发明的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，根据待加工零件的入射角和曲率半径的变化对激光功率或能量进行补偿，避免因激光束在零件表面的投影面的形状和面积变化导致的强化效果不均匀，实现等强度强化，保证在同一区域或轨迹上激光功率密度不变，提升残余应力的分布均匀性以及冲击效果的均匀性, 降低激光冲击处理表面的粗糙程度。
优选地，所述激光入射角度 α范围为 α min ≤α <90 º。激光入射角度 α由待加工零件的圆弧强化区域的曲率半径R以及待加工零件临近部位对待加工区域的影响程度得到。
优选地，步骤S1中所述待加工零件为包括叶盘和叶片的叶轮，所述圆弧区域设于叶盘和叶轮的连接处。激光冲击强化技术适合于小孔、倒角、焊缝和沟槽等传统表面强化工艺不能处理到的部位进行强化处理，在叶轮的根部圆弧强化区域应用较为广泛。
优选地，步骤S3中所述最小入射角度 α min 时所需的激光能量E的计算包括以下步骤：
S31、入射角度 α最小时，光斑面积S为：
Figure 613118dest_path_image001
S32、斜冲击时所需的激光能量E为：
Figure 805065dest_path_image002
优选地，在步骤S4所述待加工零件的强化路径中：
S41、激光强化起始于圆弧强化区域的端面位置；
S42、移动待加工零件逐渐均匀增加入射角度，并以最小入射角度 α min 、最小入射角度 α min 时所需的激光能量E冲击圆弧强化区域，直至最大入射角度；
S43、旋转待加工零件，再从最大入射角度处开始冲击，移动待加工零件逐渐均匀减小入射角度直至圆弧强化区域的端面位置；
S44、循环往复直至完成圆弧强化区域一侧端面的强化处理。
优选地，步骤S4中所述光斑搭接规则为在激光冲击强化过程中光斑搭接率 η保持不变，所述光斑搭接率η为相邻光斑交点所连曲线的长度 a ′与光斑中距离最远两点所连曲线的长度 a之比。
优选地，在步骤S5前，包括待强化区域的预处理的步骤、待加工零件装夹的步骤以及将步骤S4中确定的强化路径存储于激光器的步骤。预处理、待加工零件的装夹以及强化路径参数的设定和存储操作均属于激光器的常规操作，为待加工零件的冲击强化创造先行条件。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，根据待加工零件的入射角和曲率半径的变化对激光功率或能量进行补偿，避免因激光束在零件表面的投影面的形状和面积变化导致的强化效果不均匀，实现等强度强化，保证在同一区域或轨迹上激光功率密度不变，提升残余应力的分布均匀性以及冲击效果的均匀性, 降低激光冲击处理表面的粗糙程度。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法的流程示意图；
图2为实施例一中以最小入射角度强化中间区域的入射光束示意图；
图3为实施例一中圆弧强化区域的强化路径示意图；
图4为实施例一中光斑搭接率定义示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。其中，附图仅用于示例性说明，表示的仅是示意图，而非实物图，不能理解为对本专利的限制；为了更好地说明本发明的实施例，附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小，并不代表实际产品的尺寸；对本领域技术人员来说，附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。
本发明实施例的附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件；在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，若有术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本专利的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
实施例1
如图1至图4所示为本发明的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法的第一实施例，包括以下步骤：
S1、获取待加工零件的圆弧强化区域的曲率半径R及待加工零件形貌特征，判断激光入射角度 α范围，获取最小入射角度 α min ；本实施例中激光入射角度 α范围为 α min ≤α <90 º；本实施例中的待加工零件为包括叶盘和叶片的叶轮，所述圆弧区域设于叶盘和叶轮的连接处。
S2、根据待加工零件力学属性及待加工零件加工强度的要求，确定激光参数，所述激光参数包括激光脉冲强度、光斑直径D以及垂直入射条件下所需的激光能量E 0；
S3、根据步骤S1中确定的最小入射角度 α min 、曲率半径R以及步骤S2中确定的光斑直径D，确定在最小入射角度 α min 时所需的激光能量E；以及判断所述激光能量E是否在激光器的技术指标内，若是，则转步骤S4；若不是，则返回步骤S2重新选定激光参数；
其中，步骤S3中所述最小入射角度 α min 时所需的激光能量E的计算包括以下步骤：
S31、入射角度 α最小时，光斑面积S为：
Figure 353858dest_path_image001
S32、斜冲击时所需的激光能量E为：
Figure 176321dest_path_image002
S4、确定待加工零件圆弧强化区域的强化路径以及光斑搭接规则；
其中，在步骤S4所述待加工零件的强化路径中：
S41、激光强化起始于圆弧强化区域的端面位置；
S42、移动待加工零件逐渐均匀增加入射角度，并以最小入射角度 α min 、最小入射角度 α min 时所需的激光能量E冲击圆弧强化区域，直至最大入射角度；
S43、旋转待加工零件，再从最大入射角度处开始冲击，移动待加工零件逐渐均匀减小入射角度直至圆弧强化区域的端面位置；
S44、循环往复直至完成圆弧强化区域一侧端面的强化处理。
如图4所示，步骤S4中所述光斑搭接规则为在激光冲击强化过程中光斑搭接率 η保持不变，所述光斑搭接率η为相邻光斑交点所连曲线的长度 a ′与光斑中距离最远两点所连曲线的长度 a之比。
S5、利用不同能量的脉冲激光束通过不同的入射角度对零件进行激光冲击强化。在步骤S5前，包括待强化区域的预处理的步骤、待加工零件装夹的步骤以及将步骤S4中确定的强化路径存储于激光器的步骤，为待加工零件的冲击强化创造先行条件。
经过以上步骤，本发明根据待加工零件的入射角和曲率半径的变化对激光功率或能量进行补偿，避免因激光束在零件表面的投影面的形状和面积变化导致的强化效果不均匀，实现等强度强化，保证在同一区域或轨迹上激光功率密度不变，提升残余应力的分布均匀性以及冲击效果的均匀性, 降低激光冲击处理表面的粗糙程度。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1、获取待加工零件的圆弧强化区域的曲率半径R及待加工零件形貌特征，判断激光入射角度 α范围，获取最小入射角度 α min ；
    S2、根据待加工零件力学属性及待加工零件加工强度的要求，确定激光参数，所述激光参数包括激光脉冲强度、光斑直径D以及垂直入射条件下所需的激光能量E 0；
    S3、根据步骤S1中确定的最小入射角度 α min 、曲率半径R以及步骤S2中确定的光斑直径D，确定在最小入射角度 α min 时所需的激光能量E；以及判断所述激光能量E是否在激光器的技术指标内，若是，则转步骤S4；若不是，则返回步骤S2重新选定激光参数；
    S4、确定待加工零件圆弧强化区域的强化路径以及光斑搭接规则；
    S5、利用不同能量的脉冲激光束通过不同的入射角度对零件进行激光冲击强化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，其特征在于，所述激光入射角度 α范围为 α min ≤α<90 º。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中所述待加工零件为包括叶盘和叶片的叶轮，所述圆弧区域设于叶盘和叶轮的连接处。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中所述最小入射角度 α min 时所需的激光能量E的计算包括以下步骤：
    S31、入射角度 α最小时，光斑面积S为：
    Figure 245875dest_path_image001
    S32、斜冲击时所需的激光能量E为：
    Figure 241513dest_path_image002
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，其特征在于，在步骤S4所述待加工零件的强化路径中：
    S41、激光强化起始于圆弧强化区域的端面位置；
    S42、移动待加工零件逐渐均匀增加入射角度，并以最小入射角度 α min 、最小入射角度 α min 时所需的激光能量E冲击圆弧强化区域，直至最大入射角度；
    S43、旋转待加工零件，再从最大入射角度处开始冲击，移动待加工零件逐渐均匀减小入射角度直至圆弧强化区域的端面位置；
    S44、循环往复直至完成圆弧强化区域一侧端面的强化处理。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中所述光斑搭接规则为在激光冲击强化过程中光斑搭接率 η保持不变，所述光斑搭接率η为相邻光斑交点所连曲线的长度 a ′与光斑中距离最远两点所连曲线的长度 a之比。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的能量补偿等功率密度激光斜冲击方法，其特征在于，在步骤S5前，包括待强化区域的预处理的步骤、待加工零件装夹的步骤以及将步骤S4中确定的强化路径存储于激光器的步骤。
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