WO2019218031A1 - System for production of three-dimensional digital dental models - Google Patents

System for production of three-dimensional digital dental models Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019218031A1
WO2019218031A1 PCT/BG2018/000024 BG2018000024W WO2019218031A1 WO 2019218031 A1 WO2019218031 A1 WO 2019218031A1 BG 2018000024 W BG2018000024 W BG 2018000024W WO 2019218031 A1 WO2019218031 A1 WO 2019218031A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
output
dimensional
input
dental
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PCT/BG2018/000024
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Georgi ILIEV
Dimitar FILTGHEV
Boyan YANKOV
Iva MISHEVA
Galip GUREL
Braulio FERNANDES
Adriano JORDAO
Original Assignee
Iliev Georgi
Filtghev Dimitar
Yankov Boyan
Misheva Iva
Gurel Galip
Fernandes Braulio
Jordao Adriano
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Application filed by Iliev Georgi, Filtghev Dimitar, Yankov Boyan, Misheva Iva, Gurel Galip, Fernandes Braulio, Jordao Adriano filed Critical Iliev Georgi
Publication of WO2019218031A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019218031A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0004—Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C9/00—Impression cups, i.e. impression trays; Impression methods
    • A61C9/004—Means or methods for taking digitized impressions
    • A61C9/0046—Data acquisition means or methods
    • A61C9/0053—Optical means or methods, e.g. scanning the teeth by a laser or light beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/16—Human faces, e.g. facial parts, sketches or expressions
    • G06V40/168—Feature extraction; Face representation
    • G06V40/171—Local features and components; Facial parts ; Occluding parts, e.g. glasses; Geometrical relationships
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/50—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for simulation or modelling of medical disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models, which is used in dental medicine, in particular aesthetic dental prosthesis.
  • Such systems are: DSD by Ch. Coachman, Smile Designer Pro, Digital Smile System, BShape Dental System, CEREC Dentsply Sirona, Zirkonzhan, Amann Girrbach.
  • the system includes a digital camera, which output is connected to the input of a face analysis unit, containing an image upload unit, face recognition unit and its elements, image calibration unit, database unit, and classifier unit.
  • the input of the image upload unit is the input of the face analysis unit
  • the output of the image upload unit is connected to both the input of the face recognition unit and its elements and to the input of the image calibration unit.
  • the face recognition unit and its elements consists of a parallel-connected face contouring unit, eye contouring unit, nose and eyebrow contouring unit, and mouth contouring unit, which inputs are concurrently connected to the input of the face recognition unit and its elements, and their outputs are concurrently connected to the output of face recognition unit and its elements.
  • the second input of the face recognition unit and its elements is connected to the output of the image calibration unit.
  • the output of the database unit and the output of face recognition unit and its elements are independently connected to the two inputs of the classifier unit, which output is the output of the face analysis unit and is connected to the input of a two-dimensional dental design unit, which second input is connected to the output of a psychological profiling unit.
  • the psychological profiling unit contains a unit for inputting data from a questionnaire, which output is connected to the first input of the analysis unit, which second input is connected to the output of the second database unit.
  • the output of the analysis unit is the output of the psychological profiling unit.
  • the two-dimensional dental design unit contains a unit for building a design frame, which first and second inputs are the first and second inputs of the two-dimensional dental design unit, and its output is connected to a two-dimensional dental arch generation unit, which second input is connected to the output of the teeth shapes selection unit, which first input is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit and its second input is connected to the output of the third database unit.
  • the output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit is the output of the two-dimensional dental design unit and is connected to a two-dimensional printer.
  • the known system is designed for production of two-dimensional digital dental models and ensures a two-dimensional image-pattern (dental contour] that may be used, as follows:
  • the disadvantage of the known system for production of two-dimensional digital dental models is that it does not provide the possibility of converting the two-dimensional graphical dental configurations into their corresponding realistic three-dimensional teeth shapes.
  • the purpose of the invention is to create a system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models using an integrated methodology whereby the personal facial features, temperament and personal preferences of the patient are transmitted to their corresponding realistic three-dimensional teeth shapes with the psychodentalfacial harmony of the personality.
  • a system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models which includes a digital camera with an output connected to the input of a face analysis unit containing an image upload unit, face recognition unit and its elements, image calibration unit, database unit, and classifier unit.
  • the input of the image upload unit is the input of the face analysis unit.
  • the output of the image upload unit is connected to both the input of the face recognition unit and its elements and to one input of the image calibration unit.
  • the output of the database unit together with the output of the image calibration unit are independently connected to the two inputs of the classifier unit, the output of which is the output of the face analysis unit and is connected to the first input of the two-dimensional dental design unit.
  • the second input of the two-dimensional dental design unit is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit, which contains a unit for inputting data from a questionnaire, which output is connected to the first input of the analysis unit, which second input is connected to the output of the second database unit.
  • the output of the analysis unit is the output of the psychological profiling unit.
  • the two-dimensional dental design unit contains a unit for building a design frame, which first and second inputs are the first and second inputs of the two-dimensional dental design unit, and its output is connected to the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit, which second input is connected to the output of the teeth shapes selection unit, which first input is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit and its second input is connected to the output of the third database unit.
  • the output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit is the output of the two-dimensional dental design unit and is connected to a printer.
  • the output of the face recognition unit and its elements is connected to the second input of the image calibration unit, which output is connected to the second input of the classifier unit.
  • the output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit is connected to the printer, which is three-dimensional, through a unit for design of three-dimensional digital dental models.
  • the first input of the three- dimensional digital dental model design unit is connected to the output of the two- dimensional dental arch generation unit, its second input is connected to the output of a three-dimensional scanner and its third input is connected to the output of a unit for entry of additional design criteria data.
  • the three-dimensional digital dental models design unit contains a fourth database unit, which output is connected to the first input of a three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit, which second input is connected to the output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit.
  • the output of the three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit is connected to the fourth input of the three-dimensional dental arch generation unit, which output is connected to the input of a three-dimensional digital editor unit, which output is the output of the three-dimensional digital dental model design unit.
  • An advantage of the system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models according to the utility model is that it uses an integrated methodology whereby the personal facial features, temperament, and personal preference of the patient are transmitted to natural looking digital teeth shapes according to the psychodentofacial harmony of the personality, which is very easy to apply, allowing the dentist to make very sophisticated three-dimensional digital dental models. Consequently, this will allow each clinician, on each level, to start working with three-dimensional digital dental models on a veiy highly professional level due to the fact that the system is, in fact, a digital laboratory that converts the two-dimensional design into a three-dimensional one by applying computing algorithms, and immediately creates three-dimensional digital dental models.
  • the three-dimensional design uses an integrated methodology whereby the personal facial features, temperament, and personal preferences may be passed on to natural looking three-dimensional digital teeth shapes by applying algorithms to calculate the optimal combination of incisal silhouette, teeth axes, teeth proportions, and the combination of individual teeth shapes.
  • the invention is illustrated in the attached figure 1, which is a block diagram of the system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models.
  • the system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models includes a digital camera 1, which output is connected to the input of the face analysis unit 2, which contains an image upload unit 2.1, face recognition unit and its elements 2.2, image calibration unit 2.3, first database unit 2.4, and classifier unit 2.5.
  • the input of the image upload unit 2.1 is the input of the face analysis unit 2.
  • the output of the image upload unit 2.1 is connected to both the input of the face recognition unit and its elements 2.2 and to the input of the image calibration unit 2.3.
  • the output of the database unit 2.4, together with the output of the image calibration unit 2.3, are independently connected to the two inputs of the classifier unit 2.5, which output is the output of the face analysis unit 2, and is connected to the input of the unit for two-dimensional dental design 4, which second input is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit 3, which contains a unit for entering data from a questionnaire 3.1, which output is connected to the first input of the analysis unit 3.3, which second input is connected to the output of the second database unit 3.2.
  • the output of the analysis unit 3.3 is the output of the psychological profiling unit 3.
  • the two-dimensional dental design unit 4 contains a design frame building unit 4.1, which first and second inputs are the first and second inputs of the two-dimensional dental design 4, and its output is connected to two-dimensional dental arch generation unit 4.4, which second input is connected to the output of the teeth shapes selection unit 4.3, which first input is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit 3, and its second input is connected to the output of the third database unit 4.2.
  • the output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit 4.4 is the output of the two-dimensional dental design unit 4 and is connected to a printer 8.
  • the utility model is characterized by the fact that the output of the face recognition unit and its elements 2.2 is connected to the other input of the image calibration unit 2.3, which output is connected to the second input of the classifier unit 2.5.
  • the output of the two-dimensional arch generation unit 4.4 is connected to the printer 8, which is three-dimensional, through a three-dimensional digital dental design unit 7.
  • the first input of the three-dimensional digital dental design unit 7 is connected to the output of the two-dimensional arch generation unit 4.4, its second input being connected to the output of a three-dimensional scanner 5, and its third input connected to the output of a unit for entry of additional design criteria data 6.
  • the three- dimensional digital dental model design unit 7 is built of a fourth database unit 7.1, which output is connected to the first input of a three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit 7.2, which second input is connected to the output of the two- dimensional arch generation unit 4.4.
  • the output of the three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit 7.2 is connected to the fourth input of a three-dimensional arch generation unit 7.3, which output is connected to the input of a three-dimensional digital editor unit 7.4, which output is the output of the three-dimensional digital dental model design unit 7. USE OF THE INVENTION
  • the system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models operates, as follows: Digital camera 1, with manual mode settings, captures, through macro lens and flash, the patient's face with a wide smile and visible teeth.
  • the photograph is transferred to the image upload unit 2.1, which is able to capture the image as input data, store and provide it as needed.
  • the face analysis unit 2 performs classification of the face type.
  • the face recognition unit and its elements 2.2 performs fundamental face recognition, biometric measurements, face analysis, description of the face shape - characteristic points defining the facial features, as well as their coordinates, head position, smile detection, the presence of visible teeth.
  • An example of such unit is Kairos Face Recognition, Betaface Face Recognition.
  • the calibration unit 2.3 calibrates the image. The image and data about the face and its elements are received as input data.
  • the image calibration unit 2.3 uses the pupil location data on the image, performs image transformations - positioning, scaling, and rotation so that the calibration condition is met, and returns the calibrated image.
  • the condition for calibration is, as follows: the line passing through the two pupils should be located in parallel to the horizon, the distance between the pupils should be equal to a constant, and the pupils should be located at certain points.
  • the data about classification algorithm training i.e. the classification model, is stored in the first database unit 2.4.
  • the classifier 2.5 using the face description, face calibration data and data about classification algorithm training, determines the type of the face.
  • the psychological profiling unit 3 determines the patient profile. According to an adapted psychological test questionnaire, data from the questionnaire is entered in the data entry unit 3.1. A test check key is stored in the second database 3.2.
  • the data analysis unit 3.3 determines the psychological type of the patient using the completed questionnaire and the test check key, as well as the combination of the main types, as follows: strong (choleric), dynamic (sanguine), delicate (melancholic), relaxed (phlegmatic).
  • Two-dimensional dental design is prepared in the two-dimensional dental design unit 4.
  • the design frame is constructed in the design building unit 4.1, which calculates the incisal projection, the teeth inclining axes and the proportions of the upper jaw. The calculation is made according to the following rules:
  • incisal projection (the line according to which the cutting edges of the upper frontal teeth are arranged) - from the face type, as follows: straight - strong, relaxed; inclined - dynamic, delicate; line - strong, dynamic; arc - relaxed, delicate;
  • teeth incline axis - from the face type as follows: straight - strong, relaxed; inclined - dynamic, delicate;
  • the data obtained are stored in the third database unit 4.2, which also contains a digital two-dimensional dental library representing the various teeth shapes of the frontal teeth, as follows: rectangular (strong), triangular (dynamic), oval (delicate), square (relaxed).
  • data on incisal projection is also stored - incline angles, teeth incline axes - incline angles, proportionality - dimensions.
  • the teeth shapes selection unit 4.3 calculates the shapes of the frontal teeth for the upper jaw. The calculation is made according to the following rules:
  • teeth shapes of the central and lateral incisors - from the psychological test - the main type of temperament as follows: rectangular - strong, triangular - dynamic, oval - delicate, square - relaxed;
  • the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit 4.4 combining the data from the design building unit 4.1 and the teeth shapes selection unit 4.3, generates a complete two-dimensional dental arch and provides it in the form of a two-dimensional graphical image together with a textual description.
  • the three-dimensional scanner 5 which may be an intraoral medical three-dimensional scanner or laboratory dental scanner, reproduces the shape of the jaw in the form of a three-dimensional model - STL file. For example, I TERO, 3Shape TRIOS, 3Shape D1000.
  • the unit for entry of additional design criteria 6 provides an option for data entry - additional design criteria, as follows:
  • the unit for three-dimensional digital dental model design 7 stores the results in the fourth database7.1, which is a digital three-dimensional dental library.
  • the fourth database7.1 is a digital three-dimensional dental library.
  • further data are stored about the proportions and angles in the arrangement of the teeth in the three- dimensional dental arch, as well as the possible shapes of the dental arch.
  • the three- dimensional dental arch is mathematically presented as a forth degree polynomial, where there are four main shapes corresponding to the shape of the face - strong, relaxed, dynamic and delicate.
  • the operator may change the shape of the dental arch, as a result of which it is rearranged.
  • the three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit 7.2 using the data obtained for the complete two-dimensional dental arch from the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit 4.4, the final design and selection of the digital three-dimensional shapes from the fourth dental database unit 7.1, automatically transforms them into individualized three-dimensional libraries. This creates a three-dimensional model of the individual teeth, which front projection has the same characteristics as the two-dimensional project.
  • the three-dimensional dental arch generation unit 7.3 combining the data from the two-dimensional arch generation unit 4.4, three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit 7.2, three-dimensional scanner 5, and the unit for entry of additional design criteria data 6, together with its own database, generates a complete three-dimensional dental arch and provides it in the form of a three-dimensional geometric object consisting of three-dimensional teeth shapes organized spatially in a strictly individual order for each case generated by the system.
  • the three-dimensional arch generation unit 7.3 arranges the teeth on the arch contour from the center to the periphery, taking into account the contact points.
  • the three-dimensional arch generation unit 7.3 adheres to the already defined two- dimensional dental design, which in this case is a front view of the three-dimensional dental arch.
  • the three-dimensional digital editor unit 7.4 allows for the editing of the teeth shapes, performs transformations on the three-dimensional dental arch - positioning, scaling and rotation, so that the calibration condition is met.
  • Unit 7.4 also operates with a complex teeth geometry that has many points.
  • the operator may select a point on the surface of the object and then slide the point inward or outward, thus changing the shape of the tooth.
  • the finished product may be saved in STL, OB], etc. format, drawn by the system to the three-dimensional printer 8 or to a three-dimensional milling machine - for example, FormLabs, Stratasys, CEREC.

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Abstract

The system finds application in the dental medicine, in particular in the aesthetic dental prosthesis. The system allows for transmission of the personal facial features, temperament and personal preference of the patient into a natural looking digital three-dimensional teeth shapes according to the psychodentofacial harmony of the personality. The system includes a camera (1), connected to a face analysis unit (2), connected to the input of a two-dimensional dental design unit (4), connected to a psychological profiling unit [3] and three-dimensional digital dental design unit (7), connected to a three-dimensional printer (8). The dimensional digital dental design unit (7) is connected to both a three-dimensional scanner (5) and unit for entry of additional design criteria data (6).

Description

SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL DENTAL MODELS
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention refers to a system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models, which is used in dental medicine, in particular aesthetic dental prosthesis.
PRIOR ART
Systems for production of three-dimensional digital dental models are known to exist, but none of them uses an integrated methodology whereby the personal facial features, temperament, and personal preference of the patient are transmitted to natural looking digital three-dimensional teeth shapes in accordance with the psychodentofacial harmony of the personality.
Such systems are: DSD by Ch. Coachman, Smile Designer Pro, Digital Smile System, BShape Dental System, CEREC Dentsply Sirona, Zirkonzhan, Amann Girrbach.
There is a known system for production of two-dimensional digital dental models described in [1]. This known system uses an integrated methodology that transfers personal facial features, temperament, and personal preference of the patient into natural looking digital teeth shapes in accordance with the psychodentofacial harmony of the personality.
The system includes a digital camera, which output is connected to the input of a face analysis unit, containing an image upload unit, face recognition unit and its elements, image calibration unit, database unit, and classifier unit. The input of the image upload unit is the input of the face analysis unit, and the output of the image upload unit is connected to both the input of the face recognition unit and its elements and to the input of the image calibration unit. The face recognition unit and its elements consists of a parallel-connected face contouring unit, eye contouring unit, nose and eyebrow contouring unit, and mouth contouring unit, which inputs are concurrently connected to the input of the face recognition unit and its elements, and their outputs are concurrently connected to the output of face recognition unit and its elements. The second input of the face recognition unit and its elements is connected to the output of the image calibration unit. The output of the database unit and the output of face recognition unit and its elements are independently connected to the two inputs of the classifier unit, which output is the output of the face analysis unit and is connected to the input of a two-dimensional dental design unit, which second input is connected to the output of a psychological profiling unit. The psychological profiling unit contains a unit for inputting data from a questionnaire, which output is connected to the first input of the analysis unit, which second input is connected to the output of the second database unit. The output of the analysis unit is the output of the psychological profiling unit. The two-dimensional dental design unit contains a unit for building a design frame, which first and second inputs are the first and second inputs of the two-dimensional dental design unit, and its output is connected to a two-dimensional dental arch generation unit, which second input is connected to the output of the teeth shapes selection unit, which first input is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit and its second input is connected to the output of the third database unit. The output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit is the output of the two-dimensional dental design unit and is connected to a two-dimensional printer.
The known system is designed for production of two-dimensional digital dental models and ensures a two-dimensional image-pattern (dental contour] that may be used, as follows:
- as an important reference point for the dental technician in the planning of the prosthetic structures, providing information about the dental proportions, inclines, line of the cutting edges of the frontal teeth, teeth shapes, etc.;
- as an important reference point for the tooth contour and may be used when exploiting other concepts of digital design of the smile;
- as an important reference point in the virtual CAD/CAM planning of prosthetic structures;
- as a tool to assist the clinician in the process of planning and creating a treatment plan.
The disadvantage of the known system for production of two-dimensional digital dental models is that it does not provide the possibility of converting the two-dimensional graphical dental configurations into their corresponding realistic three-dimensional teeth shapes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of the invention is to create a system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models using an integrated methodology whereby the personal facial features, temperament and personal preferences of the patient are transmitted to their corresponding realistic three-dimensional teeth shapes with the psychodentalfacial harmony of the personality.
This problem is solved by a system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models, which includes a digital camera with an output connected to the input of a face analysis unit containing an image upload unit, face recognition unit and its elements, image calibration unit, database unit, and classifier unit. The input of the image upload unit is the input of the face analysis unit. The output of the image upload unit is connected to both the input of the face recognition unit and its elements and to one input of the image calibration unit. The output of the database unit together with the output of the image calibration unit are independently connected to the two inputs of the classifier unit, the output of which is the output of the face analysis unit and is connected to the first input of the two-dimensional dental design unit. The second input of the two-dimensional dental design unit is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit, which contains a unit for inputting data from a questionnaire, which output is connected to the first input of the analysis unit, which second input is connected to the output of the second database unit. The output of the analysis unit is the output of the psychological profiling unit. The two-dimensional dental design unit contains a unit for building a design frame, which first and second inputs are the first and second inputs of the two-dimensional dental design unit, and its output is connected to the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit, which second input is connected to the output of the teeth shapes selection unit, which first input is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit and its second input is connected to the output of the third database unit. The output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit is the output of the two-dimensional dental design unit and is connected to a printer. According to the invention, the output of the face recognition unit and its elements is connected to the second input of the image calibration unit, which output is connected to the second input of the classifier unit. The output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit is connected to the printer, which is three-dimensional, through a unit for design of three-dimensional digital dental models. The first input of the three- dimensional digital dental model design unit is connected to the output of the two- dimensional dental arch generation unit, its second input is connected to the output of a three-dimensional scanner and its third input is connected to the output of a unit for entry of additional design criteria data. The three-dimensional digital dental models design unit contains a fourth database unit, which output is connected to the first input of a three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit, which second input is connected to the output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit. The output of the three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit is connected to the fourth input of the three-dimensional dental arch generation unit, which output is connected to the input of a three-dimensional digital editor unit, which output is the output of the three-dimensional digital dental model design unit.
An advantage of the system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models according to the utility model is that it uses an integrated methodology whereby the personal facial features, temperament, and personal preference of the patient are transmitted to natural looking digital teeth shapes according to the psychodentofacial harmony of the personality, which is very easy to apply, allowing the dentist to make very sophisticated three-dimensional digital dental models. Consequently, this will allow each clinician, on each level, to start working with three-dimensional digital dental models on a veiy highly professional level due to the fact that the system is, in fact, a digital laboratory that converts the two-dimensional design into a three-dimensional one by applying computing algorithms, and immediately creates three-dimensional digital dental models. The three-dimensional design uses an integrated methodology whereby the personal facial features, temperament, and personal preferences may be passed on to natural looking three-dimensional digital teeth shapes by applying algorithms to calculate the optimal combination of incisal silhouette, teeth axes, teeth proportions, and the combination of individual teeth shapes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DEAWINGS
The invention is illustrated in the attached figure 1, which is a block diagram of the system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models.
DETILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
The system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models includes a digital camera 1, which output is connected to the input of the face analysis unit 2, which contains an image upload unit 2.1, face recognition unit and its elements 2.2, image calibration unit 2.3, first database unit 2.4, and classifier unit 2.5. The input of the image upload unit 2.1 is the input of the face analysis unit 2. The output of the image upload unit 2.1 is connected to both the input of the face recognition unit and its elements 2.2 and to the input of the image calibration unit 2.3. The output of the database unit 2.4, together with the output of the image calibration unit 2.3, are independently connected to the two inputs of the classifier unit 2.5, which output is the output of the face analysis unit 2, and is connected to the input of the unit for two-dimensional dental design 4, which second input is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit 3, which contains a unit for entering data from a questionnaire 3.1, which output is connected to the first input of the analysis unit 3.3, which second input is connected to the output of the second database unit 3.2. The output of the analysis unit 3.3 is the output of the psychological profiling unit 3. The two-dimensional dental design unit 4 contains a design frame building unit 4.1, which first and second inputs are the first and second inputs of the two-dimensional dental design 4, and its output is connected to two-dimensional dental arch generation unit 4.4, which second input is connected to the output of the teeth shapes selection unit 4.3, which first input is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit 3, and its second input is connected to the output of the third database unit 4.2. The output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit 4.4 is the output of the two-dimensional dental design unit 4 and is connected to a printer 8. The utility model is characterized by the fact that the output of the face recognition unit and its elements 2.2 is connected to the other input of the image calibration unit 2.3, which output is connected to the second input of the classifier unit 2.5. The output of the two-dimensional arch generation unit 4.4 is connected to the printer 8, which is three-dimensional, through a three-dimensional digital dental design unit 7. The first input of the three-dimensional digital dental design unit 7 is connected to the output of the two-dimensional arch generation unit 4.4, its second input being connected to the output of a three-dimensional scanner 5, and its third input connected to the output of a unit for entry of additional design criteria data 6. The three- dimensional digital dental model design unit 7 is built of a fourth database unit 7.1, which output is connected to the first input of a three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit 7.2, which second input is connected to the output of the two- dimensional arch generation unit 4.4. The output of the three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit 7.2 is connected to the fourth input of a three-dimensional arch generation unit 7.3, which output is connected to the input of a three-dimensional digital editor unit 7.4, which output is the output of the three-dimensional digital dental model design unit 7. USE OF THE INVENTION
The system for production of three-dimensional digital dental models operates, as follows: Digital camera 1, with manual mode settings, captures, through macro lens and flash, the patient's face with a wide smile and visible teeth. The photograph is transferred to the image upload unit 2.1, which is able to capture the image as input data, store and provide it as needed. The face analysis unit 2 performs classification of the face type. The face recognition unit and its elements 2.2 performs fundamental face recognition, biometric measurements, face analysis, description of the face shape - characteristic points defining the facial features, as well as their coordinates, head position, smile detection, the presence of visible teeth. An example of such unit is Kairos Face Recognition, Betaface Face Recognition. The calibration unit 2.3 calibrates the image. The image and data about the face and its elements are received as input data. The image calibration unit 2.3 uses the pupil location data on the image, performs image transformations - positioning, scaling, and rotation so that the calibration condition is met, and returns the calibrated image. The condition for calibration is, as follows: the line passing through the two pupils should be located in parallel to the horizon, the distance between the pupils should be equal to a constant, and the pupils should be located at certain points. The data about classification algorithm training, i.e. the classification model, is stored in the first database unit 2.4. The classifier 2.5, using the face description, face calibration data and data about classification algorithm training, determines the type of the face.
The types of faces are visually pre-defined by a specialist on the principle of cephaloscopy and are, as follows:
• strong (choleric): rectangular face formed by clearly defined angles, vertical and horizontal lines around the forehead and mouth, sunken eyes;
• dynamic (sanguine): angular face formed by sloping lines around the eyes and forehead, a distinctly convex nose and wide mouth;
• delicate (melancholic): closely set eyes and oval face with features that are either rounded or formed by thin lines.
• relaxed (phlegmatic): round or square face, protruding lower lip and heavy eyelids.
Based on this data, mathematical models are formulated, defining each of the types - facial maps. By using training data that is a set of faces and their corresponding classifications, the classifier 2.5 is trained to classify the type of face with the same score as the specialist. Examples of classifiers are the well-known Weka C4.5, IBM SPSS Modeler C5.1, Weka J48, IBM SPSS Modeler Bayesian Network. The psychological profiling unit 3 determines the patient profile. According to an adapted psychological test questionnaire, data from the questionnaire is entered in the data entry unit 3.1. A test check key is stored in the second database 3.2. The data analysis unit 3.3 determines the psychological type of the patient using the completed questionnaire and the test check key, as well as the combination of the main types, as follows: strong (choleric), dynamic (sanguine), delicate (melancholic), relaxed (phlegmatic). Two-dimensional dental design is prepared in the two-dimensional dental design unit 4. First, the design frame is constructed in the design building unit 4.1, which calculates the incisal projection, the teeth inclining axes and the proportions of the upper jaw. The calculation is made according to the following rules:
• incisal projection (the line according to which the cutting edges of the upper frontal teeth are arranged) - from the face type, as follows: straight - strong, relaxed; inclined - dynamic, delicate; line - strong, dynamic; arc - relaxed, delicate;
• teeth incline axis - from the face type, as follows: straight - strong, relaxed; inclined - dynamic, delicate;
• proportionality - from the face type, as follows: strongly expressed - strong; moderately expressed - dynamic, delicate; poorly expressed - relaxed;
The data obtained are stored in the third database unit 4.2, which also contains a digital two-dimensional dental library representing the various teeth shapes of the frontal teeth, as follows: rectangular (strong), triangular (dynamic), oval (delicate), square (relaxed). In the third database unit, data on incisal projection is also stored - incline angles, teeth incline axes - incline angles, proportionality - dimensions. The teeth shapes selection unit 4.3 calculates the shapes of the frontal teeth for the upper jaw. The calculation is made according to the following rules:
• teeth shapes of the central and lateral incisors - from the psychological test - the main type of temperament, as follows: rectangular - strong, triangular - dynamic, oval - delicate, square - relaxed;
• teeth shapes of the canine teeth - from the psychological test - additional temperament type, as follows: rectangular - strong, triangular - dynamic, oval - delicate, square - relaxed. The two-dimensional dental arch generation unit 4.4, combining the data from the design building unit 4.1 and the teeth shapes selection unit 4.3, generates a complete two-dimensional dental arch and provides it in the form of a two-dimensional graphical image together with a textual description. The three-dimensional scanner 5, which may be an intraoral medical three-dimensional scanner or laboratory dental scanner, reproduces the shape of the jaw in the form of a three-dimensional model - STL file. For example, I TERO, 3Shape TRIOS, 3Shape D1000.
The unit for entry of additional design criteria 6 provides an option for data entry - additional design criteria, as follows:
• a list of the teeth covered by the design - from the upper jaw,
• textual description,
• additional photographs,
• contour of the incisal edge,
• incisal embrasures,
• surface texture,
• buccal corridors.
The unit for three-dimensional digital dental model design 7 stores the results in the fourth database7.1, which is a digital three-dimensional dental library. There are sets of 14 digital three-dimensional teeth shapes designed by a specialist in dental medicine. Their shapes and textures are based on the most important aesthetic parameters for the various teeth shapes of the frontal teeth, as follows: rectangular (strong), triangular (dynamic), oval (delicate), square (relaxed). In the fourth database, further data are stored about the proportions and angles in the arrangement of the teeth in the three- dimensional dental arch, as well as the possible shapes of the dental arch. The three- dimensional dental arch, at a top view, is mathematically presented as a forth degree polynomial, where there are four main shapes corresponding to the shape of the face - strong, relaxed, dynamic and delicate. The operator may change the shape of the dental arch, as a result of which it is rearranged. The three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit 7.2, using the data obtained for the complete two-dimensional dental arch from the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit 4.4, the final design and selection of the digital three-dimensional shapes from the fourth dental database unit 7.1, automatically transforms them into individualized three-dimensional libraries. This creates a three-dimensional model of the individual teeth, which front projection has the same characteristics as the two-dimensional project. The three-dimensional dental arch generation unit 7.3, combining the data from the two-dimensional arch generation unit 4.4, three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit 7.2, three-dimensional scanner 5, and the unit for entry of additional design criteria data 6, together with its own database, generates a complete three-dimensional dental arch and provides it in the form of a three-dimensional geometric object consisting of three-dimensional teeth shapes organized spatially in a strictly individual order for each case generated by the system. The three-dimensional arch generation unit 7.3 arranges the teeth on the arch contour from the center to the periphery, taking into account the contact points. Starting from the central incisors that touch the center of the arch, then the lateral incisors that touch the central incisors, then the canine teeth that touch the lateral incisors and so on for the rest of the teeth - until all selected teeth are arranged. In this arrangement, the three-dimensional arch generation unit 7.3 adheres to the already defined two- dimensional dental design, which in this case is a front view of the three-dimensional dental arch. The three-dimensional digital editor unit 7.4 allows for the editing of the teeth shapes, performs transformations on the three-dimensional dental arch - positioning, scaling and rotation, so that the calibration condition is met. Unit 7.4 also operates with a complex teeth geometry that has many points. The operator may select a point on the surface of the object and then slide the point inward or outward, thus changing the shape of the tooth. After the editorial work, the finished product may be saved in STL, OB], etc. format, drawn by the system to the three-dimensional printer 8 or to a three-dimensional milling machine - for example, FormLabs, Stratasys, CEREC.
CITED DOCUMENTS
1. Iliev, G., Dissertation "Planning aesthetic dental composition consistent with the patient individuality", Medical University Sofia, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2017.

Claims

1. System for production of three-dimensional digital dental models, which includes a digital camera, which output is connected to the input of a face analysis unit, which contains an image upload unit, face and its elements recognition unit, image calibration unit, database unit and classifier unit, where the input of the image upload unit is the input of the face analysis unit, where the output of the image upload unit is connected to both the input of the face recognition unit and its elements, and to one input of the image calibration unit, where the output of the database unit and the output of the image calibration unit are connected to the two inputs of the classifier unit, respectively, which output is the output of the face analysis unit and is connected to the input of a two-dimensional dental design unit, which second input is connected to the output of a psychological profiling unit, containing a unit for inputting data from a questionnaire, which output is connected to the first input of the analysis unit, which second input is connected to the output of the second database unit and the output of the analysis unit is the output of the psychological profiling unit, and the two-dimensional dental design unit contains a frame design building unit, which first and second inputs are the first and second inputs of the two-dimensional dental design unit, respectively, and its output is connected to a two-dimensional dental arch generation unit, which second input is connected to the output of the teeth shapes selection unit, which first input is connected to the output of the psychological profiling unit and its second input is connected to the output of the third databases unit, where the output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit is the output of the two-dimensional dental design unit and is connected to a printer, characterized by the fact that the output of the face recognition unit and its elements (2.2) is connected to the other input of the image calibration unit (2.3), which output is connected to the second input of the classifier unit (2.5), where the output of the two-dimensional dental arch generation unit (4.4) is connected to the printer (8), which is three-dimensional, through the unit for design of three-dimensional digital dental models (7), the first input of which is connected to the output of the two- dimensional dental arch generation unit (4.4), its second input is connected to the output of the three-dimensional scanner (5), and its third input is connected to the output of a unit for entry of additional design criteria data (6), where the three- dimensional digital dental model design unit (7) consists of the fourth database unit (7.1), which output is connected to the first input of the three-dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit (7,2], and it second input is connected to the output of the two- dimensional dental arch generation unit (4.4), where the output of the three- dimensional file selection and dimensioning unit (7.2) is connected to the fourth input of the three-dimensional dental arch generation unit (7.3), which output is connected to the input of the three-dimensional digital editor unit (7.4), which output is the output of the three-dimensional digital dental design unit (7).
PCT/BG2018/000024 2018-05-14 2018-05-21 System for production of three-dimensional digital dental models WO2019218031A1 (en)

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US20110276159A1 (en) * 2010-05-05 2011-11-10 Hankookin, LLC Computer-aided Fabrication Of A Removable Dental Prosthesis
US20130158958A1 (en) * 2010-07-12 2013-06-20 Alain Methot Dental analysis method and system
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Title
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