WO2019212718A1 - Revêtements antimicrobiens comprenant des silanes quaternaires - Google Patents

Revêtements antimicrobiens comprenant des silanes quaternaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019212718A1
WO2019212718A1 PCT/US2019/027140 US2019027140W WO2019212718A1 WO 2019212718 A1 WO2019212718 A1 WO 2019212718A1 US 2019027140 W US2019027140 W US 2019027140W WO 2019212718 A1 WO2019212718 A1 WO 2019212718A1
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Prior art keywords
antimicrobial coating
water
aqueous
antimicrobial
coating
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PCT/US2019/027140
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English (en)
Inventor
Craig GROSSMAN
Gavri GROSSMAN
Daniel Moros
Jie FANG
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Allied Bioscience, Inc.
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Priority claimed from US15/969,576 external-priority patent/US10258046B2/en
Application filed by Allied Bioscience, Inc. filed Critical Allied Bioscience, Inc.
Publication of WO2019212718A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019212718A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to antimicrobial coating compositions and methods of forming same, and methods of improving the durability of quaternary silane coatings on surfaces.
  • a method of forming an antimicrobial coating on a portion of a surface generally comprises coating a portion of a surface with (1) a composition comprising at least one organosilane and at least one amine, and (2) a composition comprising a titanyl sol-gel.
  • both of these compositions are aqueous compositions.
  • the two compositions may be applied to a portion of a surface in either order, or applied simultaneously such as from two spray nozzles directed to the same portion of the surface.
  • the at least one organosilane is selected from the group consisting of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride, 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.
  • the titanyl sol-gel comprises an aqueous mixture of peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol.
  • addition of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane to a composition of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and triethanolamine improves the storage stability of the aqueous mixture of quaternary silane and amine.
  • addition of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane to a composition of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and triethanolamine improves the durability of the resulting coating compared to a coating of 3- (trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and triethanolamine alone, and consequently, extends the antimicrobial efficacy of the coating.
  • a method of preparing an antimicrobial coating on a portion of a surface comprises: disposing an aqueous antimicrobial coating composition comprising 3- (trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and triethanolamine on the portion of the surface; and disposing an aqueous titanyl sol-gel on the portion of the surface overtop of the aqueous antimicrobial coating composition.
  • the antimicrobial coating thus formed exhibits residual antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli 25922 and S. epidermidis 12228.
  • durability of a coating was assessed by repeated abrasion of coated test coupons in a straight-line washability machine, measuring percent weight loss from the coating and/or residual antimicrobial efficacy of the worn coatings. In other examples, coatings were exposed to water rinsing prior to weight loss measurements and antimicrobial efficacy assessments.
  • the titanyl sol-gel comprises 0.85 wt.% peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol mixture, with the remainder of the sol-gel being water.
  • the aqueous antimicrobial coating composition comprises from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1.0 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, and from about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.% triethanolamine, with the remainder of the composition being water.
  • the aqueous antimicrobial coating composition further comprises 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • an aqueous antimicrobial coating composition comprises about 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, about 0.06 wt.% 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, and about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine, with the remainder of the composition being water.
  • an aqueous antimicrobial coating composition comprises about 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, about 0.12 wt.% 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, and about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine, with the remainder of the composition being water.
  • a method of preparing an antimicrobial coating on a portion of a surface comprises: spray coating an aqueous antimicrobial coating composition comprising about 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, about 0.06 wt.% 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, and about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine, remainder water, on the portion of the surface; allowing the aqueous antimicrobial coating composition to visibly dry on the portion of the surface; disposing an aqueous titanyl sol -gel comprising about 0.85 wt.% of a mixture of peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol in water on the portion of the surface overtop of the dried aqueous antimicrobial coating composition; and allowing the aqueous sol-gel to dry to form the antimicrobial coating.
  • the resulting antimicrobial coating exhibits residual antimicrobial coating
  • a method of preparing an antimicrobial coating on a portion of a surface comprises: spray coating an aqueous antimicrobial coating composition comprising about 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, about 0.12 wt.% 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, and about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine, remainder water, on the portion of the surface; allowing the aqueous antimicrobial coating composition to visibly dry on the portion of the surface; disposing an aqueous titanyl sol-gel comprising about 0.85 wt.% of a mixture of peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol in water on the portion of the surface overtop of the dried aqueous antimicrobial coating composition; and allowing the aqueous sol-gel to dry to form the antimicrobial coating.
  • the resulting antimicrobial coating exhibits residual antimicrobial
  • FIG. 1 graphically shows the number of hospital acquired C -difficile infections in the Glendale Memorial Hospital ICU from January 2012 through February 2014, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 2 graphically shows the number of hospital acquired C-difflcile infections at the Glendale Memorial Hospital (excluding ICU) from January' 2012 through February 2014, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates Applicants' sterilizing station 300, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a synthetic procedure to produce peroxotitanium acid solution and peroxo-modified anatase sol, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 5 sets for the test methods used for each of the organisms Clostridium difficile, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS A), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 6 sets forth the average number of total bacteria detected per 100 cm 2 at all locations and percent reductions in total bacterial numbers after treatment, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 7 shows the reduction in bacteria at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 weeks after treatment, as compared to before treatment, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 8 shows the percent of samples in which antibiotic resistant bacteria were isolated at the different sites sampled, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 9 shows efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with E. coli, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 shows efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with MS-2, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 11 shows efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with MRS A, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 12 shows efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with E. coli, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 13 shows efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with MS -2, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 14 shows efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with MRS A, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 15 shows efficacy data for coupons treated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane and Applicants’ Titanium Oxide Moieties after inoculation with E. coli, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 16 shows efficacy data for coupons treated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane and Applicants’ Titanium Oxide Moieties after inoculation with E. coli, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 17 shows efficacy data for coupons treated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane and Applicants’ Titanium Oxide Moieties after inoculation with E. coli, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 18 shows efficacy data for coupons treated with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxy silane and Applicants’ Titanium Oxide Moieties after inoculation with E. coli, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 19 shows efficacy data for coupons treated with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxy silane and Applicants’ Titanium Oxide Moieties after inoculation with E. coli, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 20 shows efficacy data for coupons treated with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxy silane and Applicants’ Titanium Oxide Moieties after inoculation with E. coli, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 21 shows CFU/mL data for each of the three coating formulations, wherein each formulation did not include one or more titanium-oxide moieties, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 22 shows Log Reduction data for the three formulations evaluated, wherein each formulation did not include one or more titanium-oxide moieties, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 23 show s Percent Reduction data for the three formulations utilized, wherein each formulation did not include one or more titanium-oxide moieties, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 24 shows beginning viral counts for murine norovirus on Formica and stainless steel coupons (time zero data), in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 25 shows surface time-kill data for four coatings against murine norovirus, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 26 shows surface time-kill data for four coatings against murine norovirus, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 27 shows surface time-kill data for four coatings against murine norovirus, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIGS. 28-30 set forth antimicrobial efficacy data for electrostatic sprayed coatings, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIGS. 31-33 set forth antimicrobial efficacy data for conventionally sprayed coatings, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 34 sets forth weight loss data for various coatings subjected to 30-cycles of abrasion in an in-line washability machine, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 35 sets forth weight loss data for various coatings subjected to rinsing or subjected to 10-cycles of abrasion in an in-line washabibty machine, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 36 sets forth averaged weight loss data for various coatings subjected to rinsing or subjected to 10-cycles of abrasion in an in-line washabibty machine, in both tabular and bar chart formats, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 37 sets forth raw and averaged antimicrobial efficacy results against E. coli 25922 on various coatings previously subjected to rinsing or to 10-cycles of abrasion in an in line washabibty machine;
  • FIG. 38 sets forth raw and averaged antimicrobial efficacy results against S. epidermidis 12228 on various coatings previously subjected to rinsing or to 10-cycles of abrasion in an in-line washabibty machine;
  • FIG. 39 graphically displays the averaged data set forth in FIG. 37 (E. coli 25922) and FIG. 38 (S. epidermidis 12228) as bar graphs;
  • FIG. 40 shows antimicrobial efficacy data for the choline formulations immediately after inoculation, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 41 shows antimicrobial efficacy data for the choline formulations 1-hour after inoculation, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 42 shows antimicrobial efficacy data for the choline formulations immediately after inoculation, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 43 shows antimicrobial efficacy data for the choline formulations l-hour after inoculation, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 44 shows antimicrobial efficacy data for the choline formulations 4-hours after inoculation, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 45 show3 ⁇ 4 antimicrobial efficacy data for the choline formulations immediately after inoculation, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 46 shows antimicrobial efficacy data for the choline formulations 1-hour after inoculation, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 47 shows antimicrobial efficacy data for the choline formulations 4-hours after inoculation, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • antimicrobial is used generally to indicate at least some level of microbe kill by a composition or a coating on a portion of a surface.
  • antimicrobial may be used to indicate a biostatic efficacy, sanitizing level (3-log, or 99.9%) reduction in at least one organism, or a disinfection level (5-log, or 99.999%) reduction in at least one organism, or sterilization (no detectable organisms).
  • Microbes, or microorganisms may include any species of bacteria, virus, mold, yeast, or spore.
  • residual antimicrobial residual antimicrobial
  • bacteriostatic material disinfectant, or sterilant
  • coating compositions may not be antimicrobial until dried or cured on a surface, but are still referred to as antimicrobial coating compositions because of their ability to produce a residual antimicrobial coating on a surface.
  • Antimicrobial coating compositions for use in various embodiments may provide a residual antimicrobial efficacy to a surface, meaning that a microorganism later inoculated on or that otherwise comes in contact with the coated surface may experience cell death, destruction, or inactivation.
  • an antimicrobial effect measured on a surface may be the result of intracellular mutations, inhibition of certain cellular processes, rupture of a cell wall, or a nondescript inactivation of the organism.
  • Other antimicrobial effects may include inhibiting the reproduction of an organism, or inhibiting the organism’s ability to accumulate into biofilms.
  • the term“antimicrobial coating composition” refers to a chemical composition comprising at least one chemical species, which is used to produce a residual antimicrobial coating on a surface after the composition is applied and then either dried, allowed to dry, or cured in some manner.
  • the term is extended to include a composition that may be applied sequentially (e.g. over or under) or contemporaneously with the application of an antimicrobial coating composition comprising an antimicrobial active, such as to assist in bonding the residual antimicrobial coating to the surface, improve durability of the overall coating, and/or to provide a catalytic effect or some sort of potentiation or synergy with the residual antimicrobial coating comprising an antimicrobial active.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition may comprise a neat, 100% active chemical species or may be a solution or suspension of a single chemical species in a solvent.
  • a composition may comprise a complex mixture of chemical substances, some of which may chemically react (hydrolyze, self-condense, etc) within the composition to produce identifiable or unidentifiable reaction products.
  • a monomeric chemical species in an antimicrobial coating composition may partially or fully polymerize while in solution prior to a coating process using that composition.
  • chemical constituents within an antimicrobial coating composition may chemically react on the surface that the composition is applied to, such as while the composition is drying and concentrating on the surface or while the coating composition is cured by various methods.
  • Antimicrobial coating compositions for use in various embodiments may further comprise any number and combination of inert excipients, such as for example, solvents, buffers, acids, alkali, surfactants, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners, free-radical initiators, catalysts, etc.
  • a coating is formed on a surface of an object, where that coating comprises a plurality of titanium-oxygen bonds, where that coating is formed by disposing on the surface a mixture of Peroxotitanium acid solution and Peroxo-modified anatase sol (collectively "Titanium-Oxygen Moieties").
  • Titanium-Oxygen Moieties comprises up to about a total of one weight percent loading of the mixture of Peroxotitanium acid solution and Peroxo-modified anatase sol. In various embodiments. Applicants' Titanium-Oxygen Moieties comprises about 0.5 weight percent Peroxotitanium acid solution in combination with about 0.5 weight percent Peroxo-modified anatase sol.
  • FIG. 4 which summarizes the synthetic procedure for both Peroxotitanium acid solution and Peroxo-modified anatase sol. Further disclosure is found in Ichinose, FL, et al, J. Ceramic Soc. Japan, Volume 104, Issue 8, pp 715-718 (1996).
  • Applicants' coating formulation comprises a mixture of Peroxotitanium acid solution and Peroxo-modified anatase sol.
  • a coating is formed on a surface of an object, where that coating comprises a plurality of titanium-oxygen bonds in combination with a plurality of silicon-oxygen bonds, and where that coating is formed by disposing a mixture of Peroxotitanium acid solution and Peroxo-modified anatase sol, in combination with an organosilane onto the surface.
  • a coating comprising a plurality of titanium-oxygen bonds in combination with a plurality of silicon-oxygen bonds is formed by first disposing on the surface an organosilane followed by disposing a mixture of Peroxotitanium acid solution and Peroxo-modified anatase sol onto the organosilane.
  • a coating comprising a plurality of titanium-oxygen bonds in combination with a plurality of silicon-oxygen bonds is formed by first disposing a mixture of Peroxotitanium acid solution and Peroxo-modified anatase sol on the surface followed by disposing an organosilane onto the mixture of Peroxotitanium acid solution and Peroxo-modified anatase sol.
  • a coating comprising a plurality of titanium-oxygen bonds in combination with a plurality of silicon-oxygen bonds is formed by simultaneously disposing a mixture of Peroxotitanium acid solution and Peroxo-modified anatase sol and an organosilane onto the surface.
  • organosilane comprises organosilane l.
  • both Rl and R2 are alkyl. In other embodiments Rl is alkyl and R2 is alkyl with an amino moiety. In various embodiments, Rl is alkyl and R2 comprises a quaternary ammonium group. In various embodiments, Rl is alky l and R2 comprises a chlorine moiety ln various embodiments, Rl is alkyl and R2 is selected from the group consisting of -O- CI-I3 and -O-CH2-CH3.
  • organosilane comprises a trihydroxy silane 2.
  • R2 is alkyl. In other embodiments R2 is alkyl with an amino moiety.
  • R2 comprises a quaternary ammonium group. In various embodiments, comprises a chlorine moiety. In various embodiments, R2 is -OH.
  • Applicants' organosilane comprises a silanetriol 2, wherein R2 is alkyl. In other embodiments, Applicants' organosilane comprises a silanetriol 2, wherein R2 is alkyl with an amino moiety. In various embodiments, Applicants' organosilane comprises a silanetriol 2, wherein R2 is alkyl with a quaternary ammonium group.
  • silyl esters such as silyl ester 1
  • silanetriol 2 Even exposure to atmospheric moisture is sufficient to hydrolyze silyl ester l into silanetriol 2
  • a silsesquioxane is an organosilicon compound 3.
  • R2 is alkyl.
  • R2 is alkyl with an amino moiety.
  • R2 is alkyl with a chlorine moiety.
  • R2 is alkyl with a quaternary ammonium group.
  • a resulting coating disposed on the hard surface / soft surface comprises a plurality of silsesquioxane 3 structures.
  • a resulting coating disposed on the hard surface / soft surface comprises a plurality of silsesquioxane structures 3 in combination with Applicants' Titanium-Oxygen Moieties.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition herein comprises an aqueous solution of dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride.
  • this material likely exists as the silanetriol, i.e., 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition is made by diluting dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride in water.
  • a non- limiting commercial source of dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride is Sigma- Aldrich, in the form of a 42 wt.% actives solution in methanol.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition is made by diluting 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride in water.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises an aqueous mixture of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride.
  • 3- (trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride is commercially available from INDUSCO, Inc. in 0.5 wt.%, 0.75 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.% and 71.20 wt.% aqueous solutions, under the trade name BioShield®.
  • the 5 wt.% solution of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride is also available from INDUSCO, Inc.
  • ProShield® 5000D under the trade name ProShield® 5000D, having EPA Reg. No. 53053-8.
  • the label for ProShield® 5000D further lists the active ingredient as“octadecylaminodimethyltrihydroxysilyl propyl ammonium chloride,” (which is perhaps an incorrect name for 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride).
  • Another supplier of 5 wt.% aqueous octadecylaminodimethyltrihydroxysilyl propyl ammonium chloride is Gelest, Inc., 11 East Steel Rd., Morrisville, PA 19067 USA.
  • the Gelest MSDS discloses this product as containing 94-96 wt.% water and 4-6 wt.% octadecylaminodimethyltrihydroxysilyl propyl ammonium chloride. These various commercial materials may be used“as is” or diluted with water and/or other solvents as necessary to obtain the desired finished weight percent concentration of quaternary silane, e.g. for example, 0.75 wt.%.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises an aqueous mixture of dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride and at least one amine.
  • antimicrobial coating compositions comprise at least one amine having structure R 9 R 10 R n N, wherein R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 are independently H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl or cyclic.
  • an organic amine comprises diethanolamine or triethanolamine.
  • the antimicrobial coating composition comprises a secondary or tertiary amine.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition may comprise dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride and triethanolamine or diethanolamine.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises an aqueous mixture of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1.0 wt.% dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition further comprises from about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.% triethanolamine.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises about 0.75 wt.% dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride; about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and about 99.205 wt.% water.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises an aqueous mixture of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and at least one amine.
  • the amine may be a secondary or tertiary amine.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition may comprise 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and triethanolamine or diethanolamine.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises an aqueous mixture of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1.0 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises from about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.% triethanolamine. [0084] In various embodiments, an antimicrobial coating composition comprises about 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride; about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and about 99.205 wt.% water.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises an aqueous mixture of dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride, at least one amine, and 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and/or 3-chloropropylsilanetriol.
  • Some commercially sourced dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride or 3- (trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride may contain small amounts of 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • a commercial synthesis of dimethyloctadecyl 3- (trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride comprises the SN2 reaction between dimethyloctadecylamine and 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • an excess of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane may be used to drive this reaction to completion. If not separated out from the reaction product mixture, the unreacted 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane may remain in the sample of dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride.
  • a commercial source of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride may be disclosed to comprise 5.0 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and 1.0 wt.% 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride and/or 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride.
  • 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane may be added to a solution of dimethyloctadecyl 3- (trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride and/or 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride known to not comprise any 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as a byproduct.
  • additional 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane may be added to a solution of dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride and/or 3- (trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride known to include some residual 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as a byproduct.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1.0 wt.% dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride; from about 0.05 to about 0.5 wt. % 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and from about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.% triethanolamine, with the remainder being water.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises from about 0.5 wt.% to about 1.0 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride; from about 0.05 to about 0.5 wt. % 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and from about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.% triethanolamine, with the remainder being water.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises about 0.75 wt.% dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride; about 0.06 wt.% 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane; about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and about 99.145 wt.% water.
  • this composition provides a biostatic coating.
  • the treated surface comprises a mixture of quaternary and 3- chloropropyl surface bound silanes.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises about 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride; about 0.06 wt.% 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane; about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and about 99.145 wt.% water.
  • this composition provides a biostatic coating.
  • the treated surface comprises a mixture of quaternary and 3- chloropropyl surface bound silanes.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises about 0.75 wt.% dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride; about 0.12 wt.% 3- chloropropyltrimethoxy silane; about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and about 99.085 wt.% water.
  • this composition provides a biostatic coating.
  • the treated surface comprises a mixture of quaternary and 3- chloropropyl surface bound silanes.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises about 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride; about 0.12 wt.% 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane; about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and about 99.085 wt.% water.
  • this composition provides a biostatic coating.
  • the treated surface comprises a mixture of quaternary and 3- chloropropyl surface bound silanes.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises about 0.75 wt.% dimethyloctadecyl 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride; about 0.26 wt.% 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane; about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and about 98.945 wt.% water.
  • this composition provides a biostatic coating.
  • the treated surface comprises a mixture of quaternary and 3- chloropropyl surface bound silanes.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprises about 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride; about 0.26 wt.% 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane; about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and about 98.945 wt.% water.
  • this composition provides a biostatic coating.
  • the treated surface comprises a mixture of quaternary and 3- chloropropyl surface bound silanes.
  • a surface is treated with an antimicrobial coating composition comprising: about 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride; about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and about 99.205 wt.% water, and allowed to visibly dry.
  • an antimicrobial coating composition comprising: about 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride; about 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and about 99.205 wt.% water, and allowed to visibly dry.
  • borosilicate glass slides were positioned vertically and electrostatic spray coated from a distance of about 5 to 6 feet with this composition. The treated slides were allowed to dry at room temperature overnight.
  • AFM imaging 49 pm x 74 pm scan area) revealed the silane/triethanolamine coating to have an average thickness of 22.12 ⁇ 3.28 nm, and an average roughness of 19.85
  • titanium (IV) species refers to any chemical compound comprising at least one tetravalent titanium atom, regardless if monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, or polymeric.
  • Non-limiting examples include titanium (IV) oxide (TiCh) in any form, other Ti(IV) species, (e.g., TiCU. Ti-(0-/-CriH-)4 or any other Ti(IV) alkoxide, phenoxide or halide).
  • TiCh for use herein include, but are not limited to, rutile, anatase, brookite, hollandite- like, ramsdellite-like, a-PbCh-like, baddeleyite-like form, orthorhombic TiCh-OI, cubic, and/or cotunnite-like forms.
  • the most common crystalline forms are anatase, brookite and ruble.
  • Ti(IV) species for use herein comprise Ti nanoparticles.
  • Ti(IV) species for use herein include“titanyl-oxide moieties,” which is a broad term defined herein to include any and all Ti compounds and mixtures known to form TiCh thin films, or at least suspected as able to form TiCh thin films, such as via the sol-gel process.
  • a titanyl sol-gel is a precursor in the preparation of TiCh thin films.
  • a mixture of Ti(OC4H9)4, ethanol, water, and diethanolamine, in a 1 :26.5: 1: 1 molar ratio has been disclosed as forming a TiCh film (see J. Yu, et al., Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 69, pp 25-29 (2001)).
  • a sol-gel route to mesoporous and nanocrystalline anatase thin layers begins with acidic hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide, (see F. Bose, Chem. Mater., 15(12), pp 2463- 2468, (2003)).
  • titanyl-oxide moieties for use herein comprise a colloidal suspension of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 50 wt.% TiCh in water.
  • titanyl- oxide moieties comprise an aqueous mixture of Ti-(0-/-CriH-)4 usable to create a thin film of TiCh via the sol-gel process.
  • Such composibons may also comprise an organic solvent, such as an alcohol like «-propanol or «-butanol, a surfactant, or an acid catalyst.
  • TiCh is prepared by hydrolysis, condensation and poly condensation of a titanium alkoxide, such as Ti-(0-/-C' H-)4 or TiCU.
  • a TiCh sol-gel composition when coated onto a portion of a surface, provides a thin film T1O2 coating on the portion of the surface.
  • titanyl-oxide moieties comprise Ti(OR 3 )4, wherein R 3 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl, and wherein the four separate R 3 groups are identical or different.
  • Ti(OR 3 )4 include, but are not limited to, titanium tetramethoxide, titanium tetraethoxide, titanium methoxide triethoxide, titanium tetra- «- propoxide, titanium tetra-/-propoxide, and titanium tetraphenoxide.
  • the compound may be used neat (e.g.
  • titanyl-oxide moieties may in some instances comprise a solution of Ti-(0-/-C3H7)4 in isopropanol or some other alcohol.
  • titanyl-oxide moieties comprise Ti(OR 3 )4, wherein R 3 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl.
  • titanyl-oxide moieties may further comprise a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alkanols, diols, triols, chlorinated organic solvents, ethers, amines, esters, ketones, aldehydes, lactones, phenolics, and mixtures thereof.
  • a solvent is selected from, but not limited to, water, methanol, ethanol, «-propanol, /-propanol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, glycerin, methylene chloride, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, ethylene glycol dialkylether, propylene glycol monoalkyl ether, propylene glycol dialkyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol diphenyl ether, propylene glycol monophenyl ether, propylene glycol diphenyl ether, diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethylamine, ethylacetate, acetone, furfural, and V-methyl-2- pyrrolidone, and combinations thereof.
  • titanyl-oxide moieties consist essentially of Ti-(0-/-C3H7)4.
  • Other examples include Ti-(0-/-C3H7)4 and an alcohol, and a composition comprising Ti-(0-/-C3H7)4 and iso-propanol.
  • titanyl-oxide moieties for use herein comprise an aqueous solution of peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol, which is disclosed in the literature as a room temperature route to T1O2 thin films, (see Ichinose, H., et al, Journal of Sol- Gel Science and Technology , September 2001, Volume 22, Issue 1-2, pp 33-40, and Ichinose, H., et al., J. Ceramic Soc. Japan, Volume 104, Issue 8, pp 715-718 (1996)).
  • the titanyl-oxide moieties for use herein is a sol-gel that comprises about 0.5 wt.% peroxotitanium acid and about 0.5 wt.% peroxo-modified anatase sol, remainder water.
  • a non-limiting example of a titanyl-oxide moieties composition for use herein comprises 0.85 wt.% of a mixture of peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol (titanium oxide (IV)), remainder water.
  • a titanyl-oxides moieties composition comprises 0.8-0.9 wt.% of a mixture of titanium oxide (IV) and peroxotitanium acid, with the remainder, i.e., 99.1-99.2 wt.%, water.
  • this sol-gel mixture may be referred to as“0.85 wt.% aqueous peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol.”
  • This titanyl sol-gel may be coated onto a surface by itself, or in combination with an antimicrobial silane coating.
  • AFM imaging 50 pm 2 scan area
  • AFM imaging (1 pm 2 scan area) revealed a 0.85 wt.% aqueous peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol coating, when dry, provides an average particle size of 30 nm.
  • these particles may comprise, at least in part, nanoparticulate TiC .
  • an antimicrobial coating is prepared on a portion of a surface by a method comprising: (1) coating the portion of the surface with an aqueous mixture comprising 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride; triethanolamine; and water; and (2) coating the same portion of the surface with aqueous peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol, in either order (i.e., (1) then (2), or (2) then (1)).
  • the peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol coating may assist in adhering the 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride to the portion of the surface, and/or may increase the hydrophilicity of the portion of the surface previously made hydrophobic by surface bound 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride. Either of these phenomena are possible regardless of the order of disposition on the portion of the surface.
  • an antimicrobial coating is prepared on a surface by a method comprising: (1) coating a portion of the surface with an aqueous mixture comprising: 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride; 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine; and 99.205 wt.% water; and (2) subsequently coating the portion of the surface with 0.85 wt.% aqueous peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol.
  • borosilicate glass slides were positioned vertically and electrostatic spray coated from a distance of about 5 to 6 feet with the aqueous 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and triethanolamine solution and allowed to dry about 3 to 5 minutes, after which time the 0.85 wt.% aqueous peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol was electrostatic spray coated overtop of the organosilane from about 5 to 6 feet distance.
  • the treated slides were left to dry at room temperature overnight.
  • AFM imaging 50 pm 2 scan area) revealed that the coating resulting from this two-step sequential surface treatment had an average thickness of 51.79 ⁇ 17.98 nm, and an average roughness of 35.90 ⁇ 9.43 nm.
  • the method of stepwise surface treatment may be performed in the opposite order. For example, a portion of a surface may be coated first with an aqueous solution of peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol, and then the same portion of the surface subsequently coated with an aqueous solution of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and triethanolamine such that the organosilane is theoretically overtop the titanyl species.
  • the first coating may be allowed to partly dry or completely dry prior to the subsequent coating.
  • the first treatment may be applied, and while still wet, followed by the second treatment, and then the combined treatments are allowed to dry.
  • stepwise treatment of a surface is meant to target approximately the same portion of the surface with successive compositions.
  • a second treatment may liquefy a coating applied first and dissolve those components that were first dried on the surface.
  • the Glendale Memorial Hospital Study was designed to assess the anti-microbial properties of Applicants' coating composition and method, wherein the method employed utilized an initial coating of Applicants' organosilane followed by an overspray of titanium dioxide.
  • the entire ICU was subjected to the two step spray regime to treat all objects in each room including hard surfaces (beds, tray tables, bed rail, walls, etc.) and soft surfaces (drapes, cloth and vinyl covered chairs, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, leather goods, and the like).
  • the goal of the Glendale Memorial Hospital Study was to assess the anti-microbial efficacy of Applicants' coating composition in a practical application in a health care environment.
  • Each surface was first electrostatically spray coated at room temperature using an aqueous composition formed by mixing Octadecylaminodimethyltrihydroxysilylpropyl Ammonium Chloride 6 at 3.6 weight percent in water.
  • the treated surfaces were maintained at room temperature during the spray deposition of the aqueous Octadecylaminodimethyltrihydroxysilylpropyl Ammonium Chloride 6, and during the spray deposition of Applicants' Titanium-Oxide Moieties. None of the treated objects were subjected to any elevated heat treatment wherein the treated surface was heated to a temperature greater than about room temperature during or after completion of Applicants' spray coating regime.
  • Ammonium Chloride disposed on a treated surface was measured as 0.76 mg/in 2 .
  • Each of the sites was cultured prior to application of Applicants' method and at 1 week (6-8 days), 2 weeks (13-17 days), 4 weeks (29-32 days), 8 weeks (59-62 days), 15 weeks (104-107 days) after application. Some objects were removed and were not available for culture at some of the subsequent time points.
  • Antibiotic resistant bacteria were isolated from all study areas during the baseline sampling, except C. difficile. VRE was the most commonly isolated organism.
  • antibiotic resistant bacteria Prior to treatment antibiotic resistant bacteria were isolated from 25% of the sites sampled. After treatment, no antibiotic bacteria were isolated until week 8, when VRE in 1 sample (from a chair armrest) of 64 samples (1.5%) was found.
  • antimicrobial efficacy demonstrates that Applicants' composition forms a coating on a treated surface, where that coating is both antifouling and antimicrobial.
  • Applicants' composition and the resulting coating formed therefrom can generate self decontaminating surfaces that comprise both antifouling and antimicrobial properties, thereby, providing a cost-effective route to minimize transmission of disease via high touch surfaces in healthcare and industrial applications.
  • FIG. 1 graphically shows the number of hospital acquired C -difficile infections in the Glendale Memorial Hospital ICU from January 2012 through February 2014.
  • FIG. 1 indicates that with the exception of September 2013, there were no hospital acquired C-difficile infections originating in the ICU during the period May 2013 through November 2013.
  • FIG. 1 shows that there was a single hospital acquired C-difficile infection originating in the ICU during the six month period May 2013 through November 2013.
  • FIG. 1 further shows that, other than the six month period May 2013 through November 2013, there was no other 6 month period during the 25 months from January 2012 through February 2014 wherein only a single hospital acquired C-di ficile infection originated in the ICU. All surfaces in the ICU were treated as described hereinabove during the first week of May 2013 as part of the Glendale Memorial Hospital Study.
  • FIG. 2 graphically shows the number of hospital acquired C-difficile infections at the Glendale Memorial Hospital (excluding ICU) from January 2012 through February 2014.
  • FIG. 2 indicates that, with the exception of April 2013, there were between 1 and 8 hospital acquired C- difficile infections every month during the 25 month period in hospital areas outside of the ICU.
  • FIG. 2 shows that there were a total of 20 hospital acquired C-difficile infections originating outside of the ICU at the Glendale Memorial Hospital.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show that during the period May 2013 through November 2013, a single hospital acquired C-difficile infection originated in the ICU at the Glendale Memorial Hospital, and a total of 20 hospital acquired C-difficile infections originated outside of the ICU at the Glendale Memorial Hospital.
  • Applicants have found that they can dispose Octadecylaminodimethyltrihydrox- ysilylpropyl Ammonium Chloride and Applicants Titanium-Oxide Moieties, by spray deposition or by dip coating, onto a dressing prior to use of that dressing to cover a wound.
  • a dressing is a sterile pad or compress applied to a wound to promote healing and/or prevent further harm.
  • a dressing is designed to be in direct contact with the wound, as distinguished from a bandage, which is most often used to hold a dressing in place.
  • Applicants' wound dressings including the following: alginates and other fiber gelling dressings including ropes and sheets, composite dressings, foam dressings with and without adhesive border, gauze with and without adhesive border, hydrocolloids, specialty absorptive dressings with and without adhesive borders, transparent films, collagen dressings sheets and ropes, hydrogel sheets with and without adhesive border, cotton packing strips, roll gauze, paper tape, silk tape, compression bandages (elastic, knitted/woven), self-adherent bandage (elastic, non-knitted/non-woven).
  • This Example II disposes the components of Applicants' composition onto a target surface in a reverse order. More specifically in this Example II, Applicants' first dispose Applicants' Titanium-Oxide Moieties onto the target surface, the aqueous portion of the first spray deposition is evaporated, and then dispose Octadecylaminodimethyltrihydroxysilylpropyl Ammonium Chloride 6 over the earlier-disposed Titanium-Oxide Moieties.
  • FIG. 9 recites efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with E. coli.
  • FIG. 10 recites efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with MS-2.
  • FIG. 11 recites efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with MRS A.
  • the tabular data set forth in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 demonstrate that first disposing Applicants' Titanium-Oxide Moieties onto a target surface followed by disposing Octadecylaminodimethyltrihydroxysilylpropyl Ammonium Chloride 6 over the earlier-formed Titanium-Oxide Moieties coating, generates a self-decontaminating surface.
  • test coupons by wiping them first with ISP Alcohol and allowing to dry.
  • Optimal spraying distance is at least 36 to 48 inches away from the target surface.
  • Target surface should just barely glisten with the spray. Do not over-saturate the surface.
  • Optimal spraying distance is at least 36 to 48 inches away from the target surface.
  • Target surface should just barely glisten with the spray. Do not over-saturate the surface.
  • This Example III simultaneously disposes a mixture of Applicants' organosilane and Applicants' Titanium-Oxide Moieties onto the surface of a plurality of test coupons. More specifically in this Example III, Applicants' simultaneously dispose Applicants' Titanium-Oxide Moieties and Octadecylaminodimethyltrihydroxysilylpropyl Ammonium Chloride 6 onto a surface of each test coupon.
  • test coupons of this Example III were prepared and using the Procedure recited immediately hereinbelow. In various embodiments, the treated coupons were stored for at least four (4) weeks prior to inoculation with various organisms.
  • FIG. 12 recites efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with E. coli.
  • FIG. 13 recites efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with MS-2.
  • FIG. 14 recites efficacy data for the treated coupons after inoculation with MRS A.
  • test coupons by wiping them first with 1SP Alcohol and allowing to dry.
  • Optimal spraying distance is at least 36 to 48 inches away from the target surface.
  • Target surface should just barely glisten with the spray. Do not over-saturate the surface.
  • This Example IV utilizes (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane in water as the only organosilane. This being the case, this example does not utilize any organosilane comprising a quaternary ammonium moiety. (3 -Aminopropyljtrimethoxy silane is rapidly hydrolyzed to (3- Aminopropy ljtrihy droxy silane) 7 when mixed with water.
  • test coupons of this Example IV were prepared and using the Procedure recited immediately hereinbelow. In various embodiments, the treated coupons were stored for at least four (4) weeks prior to inoculation with various organisms.
  • Applicants have found that using their two step, spray coating protocol described hereinbelow, after evaporation of the water from the spray deposited Titanium-Oxide Moieties and evaporation of the water portion from the spray deposited aqueous (3- Aminopropyl)trihydroxysilane), the combined weight of Applicants' Titanium-Oxide Moieties and (3-Aminopropyl)trihydroxysilane) disposed on a treated surface was measured as 1.22 mg/in 2 .
  • Applicants have found that they can dispose (3-Aminopropyl)trihydroxysilane and Applicants Titanium-Oxide Moieties, by spray deposition or by dip coating, onto a dressing prior to use of that dressing to cover a wound.
  • a dressing is a sterile pad or compress applied to a wound to promote healing and/or prevent further harm.
  • a dressing is designed to be in direct contact with the wound, as distinguished from a bandage, which is most often used to hold a dressing in place.
  • Applicants' wound dressings including the following: alginates and other fiber gelling dressings including ropes and sheets, composite dressings, foam dressings with and without adhesive border, gauze with and without adhesive border, hydrocolloids, specialty absorptive dressings with and without adhesive borders, transparent films, collagen dressings sheets and ropes, hydrogel sheets with and without adhesive border, cotton packing strips, roll gauze, paper tape, silk tape, compression bandages (elastic, knitted/woven), self-adherent bandage (elastic, non- knitted/non-w ? oven).
  • alginates and other fiber gelling dressings including ropes and sheets, composite dressings, foam dressings with and without adhesive border, gauze with and without adhesive border, hydrocolloids, specialty absorptive dressings with and without adhesive borders, transparent films, collagen dressings sheets and ropes, hydrogel sheets with and without adhesive border, cotton packing strips, roll gauze, paper tape, silk tape, compression bandages (elastic, knitted/woven), self-adherent bandage (e
  • TABLES 15, 16, and 17, demonstrate that disposing a 3-Aminopropyl)trihydroxysilane coating onto a target surface, and then disposing TiCh over that 3-Aminopropyl)trihydroxysilane coating generates a self decontaminating surface.
  • test coupons by wiping them first with ISP Alcohol and allowing to dry.
  • Optimal spraying distance is at least 36 to 48 inches away from the target surface.
  • Target surface should just barely glisten with the spray. Do not over-saturate the surface.
  • Optimal spraying distance is at least 36 to 48 inches away from the target surface.
  • Target surface should just barely glisten with the spray. Do not over-saturate the surface.
  • This Example V mixes (3-Chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane in water. (3- Chloropropy l)trimethoxy sil ane is immediately hydrolyzed to (3 -Chi oropropy 1 )trihy droxy silane 8 when mixed with water.
  • this Example V utilizes NO organosilane(s) comprising a quaternary ammonium moiety. Furthermore, this Example VII utilizes NO organosilane(s) comprising an amino moiety.
  • test coupons of this Example V were prepared using the Procedure recited immediately hereinbelow. In various embodiments, the treated coupons were stored for at least four (4) weeks prior to inoculation with various organisms.
  • Applicants have found that they can dispose (3-Chloropropyl)trihydroxysilane and Applicants Titanium-Oxide Moieties, by spray deposition or by dip coating, onto a dressing prior to use of that dressing to cover a w ound.
  • a dressing is a sterile pad or compress applied to a wound to promote healing and/or prevent further harm.
  • a dressing is designed to be in direct contact with the wound, as distinguished from a bandage, which is most often used to hold a dressing in place.
  • Applicants' wound dressings including the following: alginates and other fiber gelling dressings including ropes and sheets, composite dressings, foam dressings with and without adhesive border, gauze with and without adhesive border, hydrocolloids, specialty absorptive dressings with and without adhesive borders, transparent films, collagen dressings sheets and ropes, hydrogel sheets with and without adhesive border, cotton packing strips, roll gauze, paper tape, silk tape, compression bandages (elastic, knitted/woven), self-adherent bandage (elastic, non-knitted/non-wOven).
  • alginates and other fiber gelling dressings including ropes and sheets, composite dressings, foam dressings with and without adhesive border, gauze with and without adhesive border, hydrocolloids, specialty absorptive dressings with and without adhesive borders, transparent films, collagen dressings sheets and ropes, hydrogel sheets with and without adhesive border, cotton packing strips, roll gauze, paper tape, silk tape, compression bandages (elastic, knitted/woven), self-adherent bandage (
  • TABLES 18, 19, and 20 demonstrates that disposing a (3-Chloropropyl)trihydroxysilane coating on a target surface followed by disposing Applicants' Titanium Oxide Moieties onto the (3- Chloropropyl)trihydroxysilane coating generates a self-decontaminating surface.
  • test coupons by wiping them first with ISP Alcohol and allowing to dry.
  • Optimal spraying distance is at least 36 to 48 inches away from the target surface.
  • Target surface should just barely glisten with the spray. Do not over-saturate the surface.
  • Titanium Oxide Moieties [00249] Add Applicants' Titanium Oxide Moieties to the applicator container.
  • Optimal spraying distance is at least 36 to 48 inches away from the target surface.
  • Target surface should just barely glisten with the spray. Do not over-saturate the surface.
  • This Example VI utilizes three (3) coating formulations without any Titanium-Oxide containing compounds.
  • a first of the three coating formulations identified in this Example VI as ABS 2015E utilizes Octadecylaminodimethyltrihydroxysilylpropyl Ammonium Chloride 6 as the organosilane.
  • a second of the three coating formulations identified in this Example VI as ABS 2020E utilizes (3 - Aminopropy ljtrihy droxy silane) 7 as the organosilane.
  • a third of the three coating formulations identified in this Example VI as ABS 2030E utilizes (3- Cbloropropy l)trihy droxy sil ane) 8 as the organosilane.
  • Example IV The method of Example IV as discussed above relating to spray deposition of a silane onto test coupons was utilized in this Example VI.
  • the method in Example IV relating to spray deposition of the Titanium-Oxygen Moieties was not utilized in this Example VI.
  • Table 21 in FIG. 21 recites CFU/mL data for each of the three coating formulations, wherein each formulation did not include one or more titanium-oxide moieties.
  • Table 22 FIG. 22 recites Log Reduction data for the three formulations evaluated, wherein each formulation did not include one or more titanium-oxide moieties.
  • Table 23 in FIG. 23 recites Percent Reduction data for the three formulations utilized, wherein each formulation did not include one or more titanium-oxide moieties.
  • Example VII evaluates the anti-microbial efficacy of coatings prepared from ABS- G2015 (Octadecylaminodimethyltrihydroxysilylpropyl Ammonium Chloride 6 and triethanolamine) followed by Applicants’ Titanium Oxide Moieties; ABS-G2020 ((3- chloropropyl)trihydroxysilane 8 and triethanolamine) followed by Applicants’ Titanium Oxide Moieties; and ABS G-2030 ((3-aminopropyl)trihydroxysilane 7 and triethanolamine) followed by Applicants’ Titanium Oxide Moieties, against Murine Noro Virus.
  • Murine norovirus (MNV) is a species of norovirus affecting mice.
  • Norovirus is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by, inter alia, aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.
  • test coupons for example VII (stainless steel and Formica as indicated in the data tables) were prepared using the Procedure recited immediately hereinbelow.
  • test coupons by wiping them first with Isopropyl Alcohol and allowing to dry.
  • Optimal spraying distance is at least 36 to 48 inches away from the target surface.
  • Target surface should just barely glisten with the spray. Do not over-saturate the surface.
  • the deposition onto the target surface consists of at least 33 volume percent of the selected silane, at least 33 volume percent of triethanolamine, and up to about 33 volume percent residual methanol carrier liquid.
  • Optimal spraying distance is at least 36 to 48 inches away from the target surface.
  • Target surface should just barely glisten with the spray. Do not over-saturate the surface.
  • target surface i.e. allow at least 90 weight percent of the water liquid carrier to evaporate to give a deposition consisting essentially of lnventors' Titanyl-Oxide Moieties.
  • the deposition onto the target surface consists of at least 66 volume percent of Inventors' Titanyl-Oxide Moieties and up to about 33 volume percent residual water carrier liquid.
  • Table 2 includes data for ABS- G2020 and ABS-G2030 treated Formica coupons.
  • Table 3 includes data for ABS-G2020 and ABS G-2030 treated stainless steel coupons.
  • RAW mouse macrophage
  • host cells were prepared in 96-well trays 24 hours prior to use in testing.
  • An organic soil load heat- inactivated fetal bovine serum was added to obtain a final concentration of 5%.
  • G2015 (SS); ABS-G2020 (Form); ABS-G2030 (Form); ABS-P2015 (SS)] were placed into sterile Petri dishes (one per dish) using pre-sterilized forceps.
  • Viral inocula (0.010 ml) were pipetted onto the center of the control and test carriers, and spread over a surface area of -l-in ⁇ using a sterile, bent pipette tip.
  • control carriers per surface material type
  • control and test carriers were neutralized by placement into sterile stomacher bags containing 3 ml of neutralizing solution, followed by stomaching as previously described.
  • Control and test carrier eluates were serially diluted (1: 10) and plated in replicates of six onto RAW host cells prepared to the appropriate confluency.
  • CPE CPE
  • Example VIII compares antimicrobial efficacy of coatings applied by conventional spray technique and coatings applied by electrostatic spray technique.
  • complete formulations ABS-G2015, AB-G2020, and ABS-G2030 were used, where those coating formulations were disposed on stainless steel test coupons using the full procedure of Example VII.
  • the formulations were disposed onto the test coupons using an electrostatic spray assembly.
  • the formulations were disposed onto the test coupons using a non-electrostatic spray assembly.
  • the test organism for Example VIII was E. coli.
  • FIGS. 28, 29, and 30 set forth antimicrobial efficacy data for the electrostatic spray embodiments.
  • FIGS. 31, 32, and 33 set forth antimicrobial efficacy data for the non-electrostatic spray embodiments.
  • Example IX demonstrates durability and antimicrobial efficacy of various coatings formed from the electrostatic spray coating of test surfaces with: (1) an aqueous organosilane mixture (with or without an amine present), optionally followed by (2) an aqueous 0.85 wt.% peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol mixture as disclosed herein.
  • internal reference coding system includes a silane indicator (2015, 2020, 2030, as explained below), an amine indicator (e.g.,“A01” is used to indicate presence of triethanolamine), and the indicator“T,” which when present indicates a second coating step using a titanyl sol-gel comprising an 0.85 wt.% aqueous mixture of peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol as discussed.
  • the shorthand code of“2015A01T” refers to a sample coupon that was sequentially coated with (1) an aqueous mixture of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (2015) and triethanolamine (A01); followed by (2) a titanyl sol-gel (T).
  • the aqueous 0.85 wt.% peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol mixture was sprayed overtop of an organosilane coating such that the portion of the surface being testing for durability and/or antimicrobial efficacy comprises both coatings, the organosilane and the titanyl species.
  • room temperature drying of the aqueous 0.85 wt.% peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol mixture may form a crystalline or amorphous TiC thin film.
  • the antimicrobial coating compositions were as follows (the shorthand internal designations correlate to the experimental results set forth in FIGS. 34-39):
  • 2015A01 refers to 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine, remainder water. Triethanolamine was sourced from Sigma- Aldrich;
  • 20152020A01 5: 1: 1): refers to 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, 0.06 wt.% 3-chloropropyltrimethoxy silane, 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine, remainder water. 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane was sourced from Sigma- Aldrich; and
  • 20152020A01 refers to 0.75 wt.% 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, 0.12 wt.% 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 0.045 wt.% triethanolamine, remainder water.
  • the single-step coating procedure (organosilane only and no subsequent titanyl species“T”) comprised spraying the aqueous organosilane mixture as a fine mist from an electrostatic spray gun at a distance of about 5-6 feet onto the test coupons and allowing the surfaces to dry at room temperature overnight.
  • the two-step coating procedure (organosilane followed by aqueous 0.85 wt.% peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol mixture“T”) comprised spraying the aqueous organosilane mixture as a fine mist from an electrostatic spray gun at a distance of about 5-6 feet onto the test coupons and allowing the surfaces to visibly dry at ambient conditions for about 3 to 5 minutes.
  • the test coupons were then subsequently coated by aqueous 0.85 wt.% peroxotitanium acid and peroxo-modified anatase sol mixture from an electrostatic sprayer at a distance of 5 to 6 feet and the resulting coated surfaces allowed to dry overnight at room temperature.
  • This example further includes wear data for the various antimicrobial coatings. Wear data are indicative of the durability of a coating and relate to how well an antimicrobial coating can withstand frequent handling or other insult.
  • An existing EPA Protocol may be used to generate the wear data. In certain instances, the EPA protocol may be modified.
  • Dried Chemical Residues on Hard, Non-Porous Surfaces is a standard test method used for testing the durability of an antimicrobial coating on a hard surface.
  • the test method utilizes an in-line abrasion machine commonly used in assessing the cleaning ability of detergents.
  • test coupons having an antimicrobial coating are positioned in the machine.
  • the back-and-forth cycling of a weighted scrubber (a weighted“boat” with a cloth or sponge) simulates natural wearing of the antimicrobial coating, such as the wear the surface may experience when frequently handled.
  • the cloth in the weighted boat may be moist to simulate the handling of surfaces with a moist hand.
  • correlations can be made to handling of environmental surfaces, e.g., a doorknob.
  • coupons may be weighed for weight loss or inoculated with a test organism.
  • the abrasion tester suggested in the EPA protocol is a GardCo Washability and Wear Tester, Model D10V, Cat. No. #WA-2l53, from the Paul N. Gardner Co., Inc., Pompano Beach, FL, which is the machine used herein.
  • Variables in the protocol include the weight of the boat, the material wrapped around the boat (e.g., a cloth wiper), the moisture level on the wiper, the speed of the oscillations, and the number of cycles, in addition to the type of coating on the test coupons, the test coupon material, and the arrangement of coated coupons in the machine.
  • TexWipe® cotton wipers (VWR# TWTX309) were used with TexWipe® FoamWipeTM wipers (VWR# TWTX704) as a liner on the weighted boat.
  • a cycle refers to 2 passes of the weighted boat, there and back.
  • Abrasion speed was set to“2.5,” which equated to about 4-6 seconds per cycle.
  • the cotton wiper and foam liner were arranged in the weighted boat.
  • the wiper was sprayed at a distance of 75 cm ⁇ 1 cm with deionized water for 2 seconds using a Preval Sprayer to moisturize the wiper. Abrasion testing was performed immediately after moisturizing the wiper.
  • Test coupons subjected to 10 cycles (lOx) or 30 cycles (30x) are then measured for percent weight loss or inoculated with a test organism to measure residual antimicrobial efficacy.
  • Rinse testing In some instances, coated test coupons were subjected to a rinse procedure to test resistance of coatings to wetting without any abrasion. For the rinse testing, coupons were washed three times in 20 mL of deionized water on a shaker at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 10 min.
  • test culture was removed from incubation, and supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) to achieve a final concentration of 5% (v/v).
  • FBS Fetal Bovine Serum
  • Bacterial inoculum (0.010 ml) were pipetted onto the center of the control and test carriers, and spread over a surface area of ⁇ l in 2 using a sterile, bent pipette tip.
  • control and test carriers were neutralized by swabbing with D/E Broth, followed by vortexing as previously described.
  • Control and test carrier eluates were serially diluted (1 : 10), and spread-plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates.
  • Bacterial testing with A epidermidis 12228 [00346] 1. An overnight culture of the test organism, S. epidermidis 12228, was initiated by inoculating one colony from a TSA plate into 20 ml of TSB, and incubating under dynamic conditions at 37° C for 24 hours prior to testing.
  • test culture was removed from incubation, and supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) to achieve a final concentration of 5% (v/v).
  • FBS Fetal Bovine Serum
  • Bacterial inoculum (0.010 ml) were pipetted onto the center of the control and test carriers, and spread over a surface area of ⁇ l in 2 using a sterile, bent pipette tip.
  • control and test carriers were neutralized by swabbing with D/E Broth, followed by vortexing as previously described.
  • Control and test carrier eluates were serially diluted (1 : 10), and spread-plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates.
  • FIG. 34 sets forth wear data as determined by percent weight loss from coated stainless steel test coupons after 30-cycles of abrasion.
  • the“T” in each sample ID indicates coupons were spray coated in a two-step process that included the titanyl sol-gel second coating.
  • the tabular data in FIG. 34 show that 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane improves the durability of (3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride coatings on a stainless steel surface.
  • the increase from 61.20% weight percent of coating remaining for the 2015T treated coupons to 76.50% weight percent of coating remaining for the 20152020A01T (5:2: 1) treated coupons demonstrates the unexpected effect of 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • FIG. 35 sets forth percent weight loss data obtained for stainless steel coupons previously coated with 2015T, 2015A01T, 20152010A01T (5: 1 : 1) or 20152020A01T (5:2: 1) and then subjected to the rinse protocol described or 10-cycles of abrasion in the washability machine.
  • the individual studies PR59 through PR90 are averaged in the last row of the table of FIG. 35, recognizing that some averages included many more replicate studies than other averages in the table.
  • 2015T, 2015A01T and 20152020A01T (5:2: 1) showed 47.01%, 48.86% and 56.36% of the weight of the coating remaining, respectively, after the rinsing protocol, (see averaged data in FIG.
  • FIG. 36 shows averaged weight percent remaining after coated coupons were subjected to either the rinsing protocol or 10-cycles of abrasion in the washability machine. From the data of FIG. 36, it is evident that the presence of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane improves the water resistance of a coating comprising (3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, (e.g., 56.36% weight remaining for 20152020A01T (5:2: 1) coated coupons versus only 48.86% weight remaining for 2015A01T coated coupons).
  • 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane improves the water resistance of a coating comprising (3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, (e.g., 56.36% weight remaining for 20152020A01T (5:2: 1) coated coupons versus only 48.86% weight remaining for 2015A01T coated coupons).
  • 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane improves the abrasion resistance of a coating comprising (3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, (e.g., 76.59% weight remaining for 20152020A01T (5:2: 1) coated coupons versus only 71.91% weight remaining for 2015A01T coated coupons).
  • FIG. 37 sets forth the residual antimicrobial efficacy of 2015T, 2015A01T, 20152020A01T (5: 1 : 1) and 20152020A01T (5:2: 1) for coatings on stainless steel subjected to the rinse protocol or 10-cycles in the washability machine.
  • the table in FIG. 37 also sets forth averaged data in the last row of the table, recognizing that the number of replicate tests is not necessarily the same for each of the averages.
  • Antimicrobial efficacy was determined for freshly coated coupons, coupons subjected to the water rinsing protocol, and coupons subjected to 10- cycles on the washability machine, against E. coli 25922 at 4-hours contact time for the inoculum on the coupon. The data show a somewhat sustainable efficacy against E.
  • coli 25922 by including 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane in the 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and triethanolamine coatings, most notably shown by the maintenance of a 0.81 log kill efficacy by the 20152020A01T (5:2: 1) coating on stainless steel subjected to 10- cycles of abrasion compared to 0.58 log kill for similarly abraded 2015A01T coated coupons. For rinsed coupons, the benefits of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane are not seen when assessing water resistance by antimicrobial efficacy.
  • 2015A01T treated coupons retained only 0.08 log kill, whereas the 20152020A01T (5:2: 1) treated coupons still retained a 0.32 log kill against S. epidermidis 12228 after 4-hours contact time.
  • the retention of greater antimicrobial efficacy correlate to the retention of more coating on a stainless steel coupon after rinsing or after mechanical abrasion when the coating also comprises 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • the bar charts in FIG. 39 present the same residual antimicrobial efficacy data in graphical form for clarity.
  • the results of EXAMPLE IX show an unexpected benefit when including 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane in a coating comprising 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and triethanolamine, overcoated with titanyl sol-gel.
  • Stainless steel carriers were coated with the solutions containing 7.5% of one of three different choline 16 compounds in FhO, wherein R.3 is selected from the group consisting of -H and -CO-CFE.
  • Cholines used included Choline Chloride, Choline Bitartrate, and Acetylcholine Chloride. Carriers were coated by dipping into solution using forceps and allowing to drip-dry overnight. Carriers were still not completely dry even after 24 hours drying time. Twenty (20) microliters of 0/N cultures of E.coli 25592 (grown at 37 C for 18 hours) were added to each carrier. Following inoculation of the carriers, the carriers were swabbed with D/E neutralizing broth and processed for the zero hour time point. This was repeated for the 1 and 4 hour time points.
  • choline bitartrate When calculated relative to the timed control, choline bitartrate showed the greatest surface-kill, with a 2.39 log reduction in bacteria. Acetylcholine chloride and choline chloride showed a 1.85 and 1.40 log reduction, respectively.
  • APTES Aminopropyl triethoxysilane
  • APTES + Choline Chloride and APTES + Choline Bitartrate showed a 3.36 and 3.38 log reduction, respectively, at the 1 hour time point.
  • TABLE 24 in FIG. 40 recites antimicrobial efficacy data for the above-described choline formulations at time To, i.e. immediately after inoculation.
  • TABLE 25 in FIG. 41 recites antimicrobial data at one (1) hour after inoculation.
  • Stainless steel carriers were coated with solutions containing 7.5% of each choline compound and 5% Aminopropyltriethoxysilane in LEO (ABS-2040 contains choline chloride, while ABS-2041 contains choline bitartrate). Carriers were coated using an electrostatic sprayer and then allowed to dry. Carriers were still not completely dry even after 2 days of drying time. Twenty (20) microliters cultures of E.coli grown at 37° C for 18 hours) were added to each carrier. Following inoculation of the carriers, the carriers were swnbbed with neutralizing broth and processed for the zero hour time point. This was repeated for the 1 hour time point.
  • TABLE 26 in F1G. 42 recites antimicrobial efficacy data at time To, i.e. immediately after inoculation.
  • TABLE 27 in FIG. 43 recites antimicrobial data at one (1) hour after inoculation.
  • TABLE 28 in F1G. 44 recites antimicrobial data at four (4) hours after inoculation.
  • Stainless steel carriers were coated with solutions containing 15% of each choline compound and 5% Aminopropyltriethoxysilane in H2O (ABS-2040 contains choline chloride, while ABS-2041 contains choline bitartrate). Carriers were coated using an electrostatic sprayer and then allowed to dry. Carriers were still not completely dry even after 2 days of drying time.
  • TABLE 29 in FIG. 45 recites antimicrobial efficacy data at time To, i.e. immediately after inoculation.
  • TABLE 30 in FIG. 46 recites antimicrobial data at one (1) hour after inoculation.
  • TABLE 31 in FIG. 47 recites antimicrobial data at four (4) hours after inoculation.
  • triethanolamine 9 and organosilane ⁇ can react to form a linear polymer 10, wherein n is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10.
  • x is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10
  • y is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10.
  • x is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10
  • y is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10
  • z is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10.
  • organosilane comprises tetraethylorthosilicate 13.
  • Inventors' cross-linked polymeric material 14 is formed by reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate 13 and triethanolamine 9.
  • Reaction Scheme 5 illustrates a single Si atom having four (4) different polymer chains originating therefrom.
  • lnventors' cross-linked polymer material 14 comprises a very high cross-link density.
  • a is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10
  • b is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10
  • c is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10
  • d is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10.
  • Inventors' cross-linked polymeric material 16 is formed by reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate 13 and diethanolamine 13.
  • Reaction Scheme 6 illustrates a single Si atom having four (4) different polymer chains originating therefrom.
  • Inventors' cross-linked polymer material 16 comprises a very high cross-link density.
  • a is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10, and wherein b is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10, and wherein c is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10, and wherein d is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to about 10.
  • Applicants' sterilizing station 300 comprises a "walk through" assembly having two opposing sides 310 and 320 which are joined by top 330.
  • side 310 comprises a plurality of UV light emitters 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, and 317, where that plurality of UV emitters face the interior, i.e. walking space portion, of sterilizing station 300.
  • Applicants' sterilizing station 300 comprises fewer than seven (7) UV emitters per side.
  • Applicants' sterilizing station comprises more than seven (7) UV emitters per side.
  • Side 320 is similarly formed to include a plurality of UV emitters, where each of those UV emitters face the interior, i.e. walking space portion, of sterilizing station 300.
  • the plurality of UV emitters disposed on the interior portion of side 310 have a facing relationship with the plurality of UV emitters disposed on the interior portion of side 320.
  • top portion 330 comprises a plurality' of UV emitters, i.e. UV emitters 332 and 334, where those UV emitters face downwardly. In other embodiments, top portion 330 comprises more than two (2) UV emitters.
  • FIG. 3 shows a medical practitioner walking through sterilizing station 300.
  • the medical practitioner is wearing a scrub suit, the various pieces of which have been coated on the exterior surface with Applicants 1 coating composition.
  • the plurality of UV emitters disposed on sides 310 and 320, and the plurality' of UV emitters disposed on top 330 are energized thereby maximizing the photocatalytic effect of Applicants' coating. Enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the coating maximizes the production of high energy, atomic oxygen species at the surface of scrub suit pieces, thereby, effectively sterilizing the exterior surfaces of all scrub suit articles.
  • Antimicrobial coating compositions methods of applying antimicrobial coating compositions and antimicrobial coatings on surfaces are provided.
  • a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in various embodiments.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un revêtement antimicrobien. Ledit procédé comprend l'application, sur une surface, d'un mélange aqueux de chlorure d'ammonium de 3-(trihydroxysilyle)propyldiméthyloctadécyle, de 3-chloropropyltriméthoxysilane, et de triéthanolamine, puis l'application, sur la surface, d'une solution aqueuse de sol-gel de titanyle qui comprend un mélange aqueux d'acide de péroxotitanium et de sol d'anatase à modification péroxo par-dessus le silane pour former le revêtement antimicrobien. Le revêtement antimicrobien présente une efficacité antimicrobienne résiduelle contre E. coli et S. epidermidis après rinçage à l'eau ou après abrasion. L'utilisation de 3-chloropropyltriméthoxysilane s'est avérée améliorer la stabilité au stockage de la composition de silane quaternaire et la durabilité du revêtement antimicrobien.
PCT/US2019/027140 2018-05-02 2019-04-12 Revêtements antimicrobiens comprenant des silanes quaternaires WO2019212718A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

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WO2022200776A1 (fr) * 2021-03-22 2022-09-29 Vale Brothers Limited Matériau polymère antiviral

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US4865844A (en) * 1988-05-20 1989-09-12 Dow Corning Corporation Method of treating tinea pedis and related dermatophytic infections
US5359104A (en) * 1989-11-03 1994-10-25 Dow Corning Corporation Solid antimicrobial
US20110000539A1 (en) * 2005-07-19 2011-01-06 Solyndra, Inc. Self-cleaning protective coatings for use with photovoltaic cells
US20130237409A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Nitto Denko Corporation High surface area photocatalyst material and method of manufacture
US20160097595A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2016-04-07 Freedom Water Company Ltd. Water condenser

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4865844A (en) * 1988-05-20 1989-09-12 Dow Corning Corporation Method of treating tinea pedis and related dermatophytic infections
US5359104A (en) * 1989-11-03 1994-10-25 Dow Corning Corporation Solid antimicrobial
US20110000539A1 (en) * 2005-07-19 2011-01-06 Solyndra, Inc. Self-cleaning protective coatings for use with photovoltaic cells
US20160097595A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2016-04-07 Freedom Water Company Ltd. Water condenser
US20130237409A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Nitto Denko Corporation High surface area photocatalyst material and method of manufacture

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022200776A1 (fr) * 2021-03-22 2022-09-29 Vale Brothers Limited Matériau polymère antiviral

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