WO2019210646A1 - 感应式协调信号自主控制方法 - Google Patents
感应式协调信号自主控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019210646A1 WO2019210646A1 PCT/CN2018/110232 CN2018110232W WO2019210646A1 WO 2019210646 A1 WO2019210646 A1 WO 2019210646A1 CN 2018110232 W CN2018110232 W CN 2018110232W WO 2019210646 A1 WO2019210646 A1 WO 2019210646A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/07—Controlling traffic signals
- G08G1/081—Plural intersections under common control
- G08G1/082—Controlling the time between beginning of the same phase of a cycle at adjacent intersections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/07—Controlling traffic signals
- G08G1/081—Plural intersections under common control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/07—Controlling traffic signals
- G08G1/081—Plural intersections under common control
- G08G1/083—Controlling the allocation of time between phases of a cycle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
- G08G1/0108—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data
- G08G1/0116—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data from roadside infrastructure, e.g. beacons
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
- G08G1/0125—Traffic data processing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
- G08G1/0137—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications
- G08G1/0145—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications for active traffic flow control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/07—Controlling traffic signals
- G08G1/08—Controlling traffic signals according to detected number or speed of vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/095—Traffic lights
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent traffic control, and relates to an inductive coordinated signal autonomous control method.
- the trunk coordination signal control that is, the traffic signal linkage control at the intersection along the main road, is designed to enable the motor vehicle in the main traffic direction of the upstream intersection to pass through the downstream intersection with less travel time and number of stops.
- inductive coordinated signal control is gradually replacing the timing coordination signal control, becoming the main technical form of urban traffic signal control system.
- the so-called inductive coordinated signal control means that the sensing control logic is implemented on the basis of the background coordinated signal timing scheme (referred to as background scheme) along the trunk road.
- the background scheme establishes a basic time relationship between the coordinated phases of different intersections and between the coordinated phase and the uncoordinated phase of the same intersection.
- the inductive control logic enables dynamic adjustment of the green time of coordinated phase and uncoordinated phase.
- the background scheme is usually generated by using a timing coordinated signal timing method.
- the timing coordination signal timing method which is accurate in control time division, minimization of system car delay, maximization of green wave bandwidth, rapid and stable phase difference transition.
- a lot of research results have been obtained in the field of chemistry, and some signal timing software developed on this basis has been widely used in scientific research and engineering practice.
- the whole-day control process should be divided into multiple control periods, and the historical motor vehicle demand data of each time period should be collected and analyzed, facing each intersection. , generate different background schemes in different time periods, and regularly update the background schemes of each time period.
- motor vehicle detectors In order to implement the inductive control logic, motor vehicle detectors should be installed in the entrance lanes that coordinate the phase and non-coordinated phases to sense their motor vehicle traffic demand; the green light cut-off period for the coordinated phase and the forced green light cutoff for the uncoordinated phase are generated according to the background scheme. Time; use the signal operating state and motor vehicle traffic demand to construct a green light cut-off condition for coordinated phase and non-coordinated phase. Whether it is the installation of a motor vehicle detector or the construction of a green light cut-off condition, a relatively mature technical implementation method has been formed. Therefore, the operation effect of the induction control logic strongly depends on the rationality of the background scheme.
- the present invention proposes an inductive coordinated signal autonomous control method, which is suitable for a four-way signal control intersection that belongs to the same coordinated signal control range along the main road.
- the executive body of the present invention includes a control center and a signal. From the implementation conditions, phase setting, time axis, symbol description, induction control logic, expected green time, background scheme, basic green time increase of the Nth signal period, allowable green light cut-off period, forced green light cut-off time, 10 aspects The technical solution of the present invention.
- Implementation conditions at the intersection level include:
- the intersection is formed by the intersection of two roads with two-way traffic.
- Each of the import directions is provided with a straight-moving motor vehicle phase and a left-turn phase motor vehicle.
- the straight-through motor vehicle phase is referred to as the straight-through phase
- the left-turn phase motor vehicle is referred to as a left turn.
- the straight phase or left turn phase of the green light is first called the front phase relative to the inlet direction, and the left turn phase or the straight phase phase that conflicts with it is called the rear phase, and the different front phases adopt the same yellow light time.
- red light clear time, different rear phase also uses the same yellow light time and red light clear time;
- Implementation conditions at the main road level include:
- the main road is the main road, and the road intersecting the main road is the secondary road;
- the straight-through phase of the main road is the coordinated phase, and the left-turn phase of the main road and the straight-line phase and the left-turn phase of the secondary road are non-coordinated phases;
- the green light-on time of the front phase of the main road is regarded as the start time of the signal cycle duration and the background plan activation time, and the green light-on time difference of the main coordinated phase of each intersection is always smaller than the signal cycle duration.
- phase numbering of the intersection is as follows:
- Motor vehicle phase K2 secondary road, direct direction of the import and export direction 1;
- Motor vehicle phase K3 secondary road, left-turn phase of import and export direction 1;
- Motor vehicle phase K5 straight line of main road, import and export direction 1;
- Motor vehicle phase K6 left turn phase of main road, import and export direction 1;
- Motor vehicle phase K8 straight path of secondary road, import and export direction 2;
- Motor vehicle phase K9 secondary road, left-turn phase of import and export direction 2;
- Motor vehicle phase K11 straight line phase of main road, import and export direction 2;
- Motor vehicle phase K12 left turn phase of main road, import and export direction 2;
- Pedestrian phase F1 pedestrian phase, pedestrian phase 1 in the direction of entry and exit;
- Pedestrian phase F2 pedestrian phase of main road, import and export direction 1;
- Pedestrian phase F3 pedestrian phase, pedestrian phase 2;
- Pedestrian phase F4 Pedestrian phase of main road, import and export direction 2.
- Phases K5, K11 are coordinated phases, phases K2, K3, K6, K8, K9, and K12 are non-coordinated phases; along the direction of travel of phase K11, numbers 1 through 1 are numbered for each intersection.
- phase display order that can be used for the relative import and export direction of the secondary road is as follows:
- the continuous N signal periods are used as the step size for generating the background scheme.
- the control center In the plan activation time of the present invention, the control center generates a background solution of each intersection at the first step, and sends it to the signal.
- the signal generator generates a green light cutoff period and a forced green light cutoff time for the first step.
- the signal machine runs the sensing control logic once per second from the first step and the background timing of the first signal period.
- the signal calculates the expected green time of the coordinated phase and the uncoordinated phase at each signal period.
- the signal reports the coordinated phase and the uncoordinated phase to the control center at the desired green time of the 1st to N-1th signal periods.
- the control center predicts the coordinated phase and non-coordinating phase of each intersection at the desired base green time of the next step, and generates a background scheme for each intersection in the next step, and sends it to the signal.
- the signal machine adjusts the current step, the background scheme of the Nth signal period, the allowable green light cutoff period, and the forced green light cutoff time to realize the transition of the new and old background schemes, and generate the allowable green light cutoff period and the forced green light of the next step. Cut off the moment.
- the control center issues a deactivation command to the signal. After the signal receives the disable command, it continues to run the sense control logic until the end of the current signal cycle. The signal then starts running other signal control methods.
- ⁇ i, Kj ratio of the allowable green light cutoff period of the i-th intersection and phase Kj to the base signal period duration
- BasC m base signal period duration of the mth step
- GapT i, Kj vehicle time interval threshold for the i-th intersection and phase Kj
- Kj number of coordinated phase and uncoordinated phase
- MaxBasC Maximum base signal period duration
- MaxExpAddG i, Kj the maximum expected increase in green time of the ith intersection and phase Kj
- MinG i, Kj minimum green time of the i-th intersection and phase Kj
- NL i, Kj number of entrance lanes of the i-th intersection and phase Kj
- the inductive control logic is a set of rules for the signal to dynamically adjust the green time of the coordinated phase and the uncoordinated phase.
- a green light cut-off condition for coordinated phase and uncoordinated phase is constructed with the goal of serving continuous motor vehicle traffic demand.
- the green light cutoff conditions for coordinated phase include:
- the green light time of the coordinated phase is extended to the beginning and the end of the allowable green light cut-off period of the current signal period. At the same time, there is no continuous traffic demand in the coordinated phase (the vehicle collected by all the detectors that coordinate the phase from the beginning of the allowable green light cut-off period)
- the time interval is sequentially or simultaneously greater than the vehicle time interval threshold
- Green light cutoff conditions for uncoordinated phases include:
- the green time of the uncoordinated phase reaches the minimum green time, and at the same time, there is no continuous traffic demand in the non-coordinated phase (from the end of the minimum green time, the time intervals of all the vehicles collected by the non-coordinated phase are greater than or equal to each other at the same time. Vehicle time interval threshold);
- the green light is turned off at the same time if and only if one of the coordinated phase or non-coordinated phase and the other coordinated phase or non-coordinated phase satisfy any of their green light cutoff conditions.
- the time range from the end of the minimum green time of the coordinated phase to the start of the green light cutoff period is called the protection green light extension period, during which time the green time will be extended regardless of whether there is a traffic demand in the coordinated phase.
- Equal to the protection green light, during the extended period of time, half or more than half of the coordinated phase of the vehicle collected by the detector is less than or equal to the total time of the vehicle time interval threshold (GapT i, Kj ).
- Uncoordinated phase Equivalent to the time from the end of the minimum green time, the time interval of the vehicles collected by all the detectors of the non-coordinated phase is greater than the time elapsed by GapT i, Kj . once Exceeding the forced green light cut-off time, the excess part must not be greater than the non-coordinated phase of MaxExpAddG i, Kj .
- the signal timing parameters defined in the background scheme include: basic signal period duration, basic green signal ratio time, basic green time, basic phase difference, basic scheme difference, and system time reference point.
- the background scheme of each intersection at each step is generated by assigning the basic green letter ratio on demand and accurately achieving the basic phase difference.
- Expected basic green time Is the base green time of the coordinated phase or non-coordinated phase of the i-th intersection expected to be obtained at the mth step.
- Equation 10 Calculate the phase Kj at the 3rd and subsequent steps using Equation 10
- the correction is based on the number of imported lanes (NL i, Kj ) of the phase Kj and the expected base green time amplification factor (f ExpBasG ). Forecast results, at the same time, should ensure The predicted result is greater than or equal to MinG i, Kj .
- Expected basic green letter time The sum of the desired base green time and the green time interval equal to the coordinated phase or non-coordinated phase of the i-th intersection at the mth step.
- the green light interval time (IG i, Kj ) of the phase Kj is equal to the yellow light time (YC i, Kj ) plus the red light clear time (RC i, Kj ), see Equation 11.
- the base signal period duration (BasC m ) is the base signal period duration that is uniformly used for each intersection at the mth step.
- Basic green letter time Is the share of the coordinated phase or uncoordinated phase of the i-th intersection in the base signal period duration of the mth step.
- Basic phase difference or is the main coordinated phase of the i-th intersection and the main coordinated phase of the most upstream intersection is the base green light-on time difference at the mth step.
- phase K5 is the main coordinated phase of the mth step
- the i+1th intersection is located upstream of the i-th intersection, and is calculated using Equation 26.
- phase K11 is the main coordinated phase of the mth step
- the i-1th intersection is located upstream of the i-th intersection, and is calculated using Equation 27.
- the main coordination phase of the downstream intersection is the queued service time at the mth step
- the fundamental phase difference at the same intersection may vary at different steps.
- the main coordinated phase of different intersections is not always the pre-phase of the main road, and the basic green signal ratio of the pre-coordinated phase may change at different steps.
- the main coordinated phase of each intersection may vary at different steps. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the background timing of the intersection at the next step to achieve the basic phase difference of the next step.
- Basic scheme difference Is the difference between the background scheme enable time of the i-th intersection and the system time reference point at the mth step.
- the system time reference point (SR m,n ) is the base program difference reference time of each intersection at the mth step and the nth signal period.
- the planned activation time (START) of the present invention is regarded as ST 1,1 ; the second and subsequent steps are based on SR m-1,N , BasC m-1 , Calculate SR m,1 , see Equation 30. due to with Both are non-negative values, and the difference between SR m,1 and SR m-1,N is always greater than or equal to BasC m-1 .
- Equation m is used to calculate the SR m,n of the mth step, the 2nd to the Nth signal period.
- the intersection is in the Nth signal period of the current step.
- the signal In order to realize the transition of the old and new background schemes, in order to enable the background scheme of the next step at the correct time, the signal must be adjusted.
- the base signal period duration of the Nth signal period allows some coordinated phase or uncoordinated phase to obtain additional base green time.
- the coordinated phase or non-coordinating phase that is displaying the green light or not displaying the green light when the signal is received by the signal plane is called the active phase, and the coordinated phase or non-coordinated phase of the green light has been cut off, which is called the inactive phase. Only the active phase can get extra base green time.
- the pre-coordinated phase is the active phase
- the basic green time increase obtained by it will change the basic phase difference of the intersection in the Nth signal period.
- Allow green light cut off period It is the coordination phase of the ith intersection that allows the time range of the green light to be cut off by the induction control logic at the back of the basic green time of the mth step, see Equation 45.
- MinG i, Kj mainly depends on Far greater than MinG i, Kj
- the invention provides the method that the method provided by the invention can control the intersection of four signal signals belonging to the same coordinated signal control range along the main road in a simple, efficient and inexpensive manner in a simple, efficient and inexpensive manner according to a predetermined target.
- the port automatically generates a background coordination signal timing scheme adapted to the short-term change rule of the motor vehicle traffic demand, a green light cutoff period, and a forced green light cutoff moment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical four-way signal control intersection suitable for use with the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a time axis diagram of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a diagram of the desired base green time recursion.
- FIG. 1 A typical four-way signal control intersection to which the present invention is applicable is shown in FIG.
- the invention does not require the center line angle of the two roads, and does not require whether the main road or the secondary road is provided with a right turn entrance lane and a right turn phase.
- the time axis of the present invention is shown in FIG.
- the invention is activated at some point in the morning of the morning, and the invention is deactivated at some point in the middle of the night.
- the control center can switch the main coordination phase when calculating the basic phase difference of the next step and the basic scheme difference.
- control center At the time of the plan activation of the present invention, the operations performed by the control center are as follows:
- the operation performed by the signal machine after receiving the data sent by the control center at the scheduled activation time is as follows:
- the sensing control logic is operated from the first step and the background timing of the first signal period.
- the first to the N-1th signal period of the mth step the signal machine performs the following operations:
- the Nth signal period of the mth step the signal machine performs the following operations:
- the Nth signal period of the mth step after the control center receives the data reported by all the signals, the operation is as follows:
- the Nth signal period of the mth step the operation performed by the signal machine after receiving the data sent by the control center is as follows:
- the coordinated phase or non-coordinated phase of the i-th intersection is recursive in the desired base green time of the mth step, as shown in FIG.
- the start of the arrow indicates the input value and the end of the arrow indicates the output value.
- the recommended values for some technical parameters are as follows:
- GapT i, Kj 3 seconds
- j ⁇ 5, 11 5 seconds;
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Abstract
一种感应式协调信号自主控制方法,主要特征是:以连续N个信号周期作为1个生成背景协调信号配时方案的步距。依托背景方案,信号机每秒运行1次感应控制逻辑,以服务连续的机动车通行需求为目标,根据机动车检测器采集的车辆时距,动态调整协调相位和非协调相位的绿灯时间,计算它们在当前步距、第1个至第N-1个信号周期的期望绿灯时间,上报至控制中心。控制中心根据信号机上报的数据预测协调相位和非协调相位在下一步距的期望基础绿灯时间,以按需分配基础绿信比时间、精准达成基础相位差为目标,生成各个交叉口在下一步距的背景方案,下发至信号机。信号机实现新旧背景方案的过渡,生成下一步距的允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻。该方法能够在无人干预的情况下,自动生成适应机动车通行需求短时变化规律的感应式协调信号配时参数。
Description
本发明属于智能交通控制技术领域,涉及一种感应式协调信号自主控制方法。
干道协调信号控制,即干道沿线交叉口的交通信号灯联动控制,旨在使得上游交叉口主要通行方向的机动车能够以较少的行程时间和停车次数通过下游交叉口。随着机动车检测设备的普及应用,感应式协调信号控制正逐步取代定时式协调信号控制,成为城市交通信号控制系统的主要技术形式。
所谓感应式协调信号控制,就是干道沿线交叉口在背景协调信号配时方案(简称背景方案)的基础上实施感应控制逻辑。背景方案建立了不同交叉口的协调相位之间以及同一交叉口的协调相位与非协调相位之间的基本时间关系。感应控制逻辑实现了协调相位和非协调相位的绿灯时间动态调整。
通常利用定时式协调信号配时方法生成背景方案。以往数十年中,人们针对定时式协调信号配时方法进行了全面且深入的研究,在控制时段划分精准化、系统车均延误最小化、绿波带宽最大化、相位差过渡快速化和平稳化等方面取得了大量的研究成果,在此基础上开发的一些信号配时软件已经在科学研究和工程实践中得到了广泛应用。严格来说,应当根据各个交叉口的机动车通行需求的宏观变化规律,将全天的控制过程划分为多个控制时段,采集并分析每个时段的历史机动车通行需求数据,面向各个交叉口,在不同的时段生成不同的背景方案,定期更新各个时段的背景方案。现实情况是,由于设备、人手和预算的不足,往往难以采集到数量足够多、精度足够高的机动车通行需求数据,交通工程师不得不粗放地划分控制时段,精心调校重点时段的背景方案,粗略调校非重点时段的背景方案,迫于道路使用者的抱怨,被动更新个别时段的背景方案。
为了实施感应控制逻辑,应当在协调相位和非协调相位的进口车道安装机动车检测器,感知它们的机动车通行需求;根据背景方案生成协调相位的允许绿灯切断时段以及非协调相位的强制绿灯切断时刻;利用信号运行状态和机动车通行需求,构造协调相位和非协调相位的绿灯切断条件。无论是机动车检测器的安装,还是绿灯切断条件的构造,目前已经形成了较为成熟的技术实现方式,因此,感应控制逻辑的运行效果强烈依赖于背景方案的合理性。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提出了一种感应式协调信号自主控制方法,适用于干道沿线归属于同一协调信号控制范围的四路信号控制交叉口。
本发明的执行主体包括控制中心和信号机。从实施条件、相位设置、时间轴、符号说明、感应控制逻辑、期望绿灯时间、背景方案、第N个信号周期的基础绿灯时间增加量、允许绿灯切断时段、强制绿灯切断时刻10个方面,介绍本发明的技术方案。
一、实施条件
交叉口层面的实施条件包括:
(1)交叉口由双向通行的两条道路相交而成,每个进口方向均设置直行机动车相位和左转相位机动车,直行机动车相位以下简称直行相位,左转相位机动车简称左转相位;
(2)直行相位施划直行进口车道,采用机动车圆形信号灯,左转相位施划左转进口车道,采用机动车箭头信号灯;
(3)机动车信号灯的灯色显示顺序为“红色→绿色→黄色→红色”,行人信号灯的灯色显示顺序为“红色→绿色→红色”,信号灯色每秒更新1次;
(4)已知直行相位和左转相位的信号配时参数,可以采用适当的方法得到其他相位的信号配时参数;
(5)相对进口方向首先启亮绿灯的直行相位或左转相位称为前置相位,与之冲突的左转相位或直行相位称为后置相位,不同的前置相位采用相同的黄灯时间和红灯清空时间,不同的后置相位亦采用相同的黄灯时间和红灯清空时间;
(6)前置相位切断绿灯后,与之冲突的后置相位将启亮绿灯,相对进口方向的两个后置相位必须同时切断绿灯;
(7)在直行相位和左转相位的每条进口车道的停止线上游40米处安装机动车检测器,每个检测器独立采集车辆时距。
干道层面的实施条件包括:
(1)干道沿线的所有交叉口均具备上述实施条件;
(2)为干道沿线的所有交叉口配备1个控制中心,为干道沿线的每个交叉口配备1台信号机,控制中心与信号机之间能够实时进行数据传输;
(3)干道是主要道路,与干道相交的道路是次要道路;
(4)主要道路的直行相位是协调相位,主要道路的左转相位以及次要道路的直行相位和左转相位均是非协调相位;
(5)主要道路实施双向协调时,必须区分主要协调相位和次要协调相位;
(6)背景方案中,将主要道路的前置相位的绿灯启亮时刻视为信号周期时长起点和背景方案启用时刻,各个交叉口的主要协调相位的绿灯启亮时间差始终小于信号周期时长。
二、相位设置
交叉口的相位编号方式如下:
机动车相位K2:次要道路、进出口方向1的直行相位;
机动车相位K3:次要道路、进出口方向1的左转相位;
机动车相位K5:主要道路、进出口方向1的直行相位;
机动车相位K6:主要道路、进出口方向1的左转相位;
机动车相位K8:次要道路、进出口方向2的直行相位;
机动车相位K9:次要道路、进出口方向2的左转相位;
机动车相位K11:主要道路、进出口方向2的直行相位;
机动车相位K12:主要道路、进出口方向2的左转相位;
行人相位F1:次要道路、进出口方向1的行人相位;
行人相位F2:主要道路、进出口方向1的行人相位;
行人相位F3:次要道路、进出口方向2的行人相位;
行人相位F4:主要道路、进出口方向2的行人相位。
相位K5、K11是协调相位,相位K2、K3、K6、K8、K9和K12是非协调相位;沿着相位K11的行车方向,从1至I为各个交叉口编号。
主要道路的相对进出口方向可以采用的相位显示顺序如下:
(1)相位K5、K6前置,相位K11、K12后置;
(2)相位K5、K11前置,相位K6、K12后置;
(3)相位K6、K12前置,相位K5、K11后置;
(4)相位K11、K12前置,相位K5、K6后置。
次要道路的相对进出口方向可以采用的相位显示顺序如下:
(1)相位K2、K3前置,相位K8、K9后置;
(2)相位K2、K8前置,相位K3、K9后置;
(3)相位K3、K9前置,相位K2、K8后置;
(4)相位K8、K9前置,相位K2、K3后置。
三、时间轴
以连续N个信号周期作为1个生成背景方案的步距。
本发明的计划启用时刻,控制中心生成各个交叉口在第1个步距的背景方案,下发至信号机。信号机生成第1个步距的允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻。
自第1个步距、第1个信号周期的背景方案启用时刻开始,信号机每秒运行1次感应控制逻辑。
当前步距的第1个至第N-1个信号周期,信号机计算协调相位和非协调相位在每个信号周期的期望绿灯时间。
当前步距的第N个信号周期,信号机将协调相位和非协调相位在第1个至第N-1个信号周期的期望绿灯时间上报至控制中心。控制中心收到所有信号机上报的数据后,预测各个交 叉口的协调相位和非协调相位在下一步距的期望基础绿灯时间,生成各个交叉口在下一步距的背景方案,下发至信号机。信号机收到数据后,调整当前步距、第N个信号周期的背景方案、允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻,实现新旧背景方案的过渡,生成下一步距的允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻。
本发明的计划停用时刻,控制中心将停用指令下发至信号机。信号机收到停用指令后,继续运行感应控制逻辑至当前信号周期结束。而后,信号机开始运行其他信号控制方法。
四、符号说明
α=平滑系数
β
i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的允许绿灯切断时段在基础信号周期时长中所占的比例
BasC
m=第m个步距的基础信号周期时长
d
i+1,K5→i,K5=第i+1个交叉口的相位K5至第i个交叉口的相位K5的停止线间距
d
i-1,K11→i,K11=第i-1个交叉口的相位K11至第i个交叉口的相位K11的停止线间距
f
ExpBasG=期望基础绿灯时间放大系数
GapT
i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的车辆时距阈值
i=交叉口编号,i=1,2,…,I
IG
i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的绿灯间隔时间
Kj=协调相位和非协调相位的编号
m=步距编号,m=1,2,…,M
MaxBasC=最大基础信号周期时长
MaxExpAddG
i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的最大期望增加绿灯时间
MinG
i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的最小绿灯时间
n=每个步距内的信号周期编号,n=1,2,…,N
NL
i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的进口车道数
RC
i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的红灯清空时间
SR
m,n=第m个步距、第n个信号周期的系统时间参考点
START=本发明的计划启用时刻
X
i,Kj=X
i,Kj=1表示第i个交叉口的相位Kj是前置相位;X
i,Kj=0表示第i个交叉口的相位Kj是后置相位
YC
i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的黄灯时间
五、感应控制逻辑
感应控制逻辑是信号机动态调整协调相位和非协调相位的绿灯时间的规则集合。以服务连续的机动车通行需求为目标,构造协调相位和非协调相位的绿灯切断条件。
协调相位的绿灯切断条件包括:
(1)协调相位的绿灯时间延长至当前信号周期的允许绿灯切断时段起点及以后,同时,协调相位不存在连续的通行需求(自允许绿灯切断时段起点开始,协调相位的所有检测器采集的车辆时距先后或同时大于车辆时距阈值);
(2)协调相位的绿灯时间延长至当前信号周期的允许绿灯切断时段终点。
非协调相位的绿灯切断条件包括:
(1)非协调相位的绿灯时间达到最小绿灯时间,同时,非协调相位不存在连续的通行需求(自最小绿灯时间结束时刻开始,非协调相位的所有检测器采集的车辆时距先后或同时大于车辆时距阈值);
(2)非协调相位的绿灯时间延长至当前信号周期的强制绿灯切断时刻。
一旦前置的协调相位或非协调相位满足它的任意一个绿灯切断条件,立即切断它的绿灯。
当且仅当后置的一个协调相位或非协调相位与另一个协调相位或非协调相位均满足它们的任意一个绿灯切断条件时,同时切断它们的绿灯。
六、期望绿灯时间
协调相位的最小绿灯时间结束时刻至允许绿灯切断时段起点的时间范围称为保护绿灯延长时段,在此期间,无论协调相位是否存在通行需求,都将延长它的绿灯时间。
等于保护绿灯延长时段内,协调相位的半数或超过半数的检测器采集的车辆时距同时小于等于车辆时距阈值(GapT
i,Kj)的总时间。
协调相位的
等于自允许绿灯切断时段起点开始,协调相位的所有检测器采集的车辆时距先后或同时大于GapT
i,Kj所经历的时间。一旦
超出了允许绿灯切断时段终点,超出部分不得大于协调相位的最大期望增加绿灯时间(MaxExpAddG
i,Kj)。
非协调相位的
等于自最小绿灯时间结束时刻开始,非协调相位的所有检测器采集的车辆时距先后或同时大于GapT
i,Kj所经历的时间。一旦
超出了强制绿灯切断时刻,超出部分不得大于非协调相位的MaxExpAddG
i,Kj。
七、背景方案
背景方案中定义的信号配时参数包括:基础信号周期时长、基础绿信比时间、基础绿灯时间、基础相位差、基础方案差和系统时间参考点。以按需分配基础绿信比时间、精准达成基础相位差为目标,生成各个交叉口在每个步距的背景方案。
(1)基础信号周期时长
利用公式10计算相位Kj在第3个及后续每个步距的
为了向进口车道数较多的协调相位或非协调相位提供更充裕的基础绿灯时间,根据相位Kj的进口车道数(NL
i,Kj)和期望基础绿灯时间放大系数(f
ExpBasG),修正
的预测结果,同时,应当确保
的预测结果大于等于MinG
i,Kj。
相位Kj的绿灯间隔时间(IG
i,Kj)等于黄灯时间(YC
i,Kj)加上红灯清空时间(RC
i,Kj),见公式11。
IG
i,Kj=YC
i,Kj+RC
i,Kj (11)
基础信号周期时长(BasC
m)是各个交叉口在第m个步距统一采用的基础信号周期时长。
(2)基础绿信比时间和基础绿灯时间
(3)基础相位差和基础方案差
(2)相邻交叉口的主要协调相位的停止线间距(d
i+1,K5→i,K5、d
i-1,K11→i,K11);
同一交叉口的基础相位差可能在不同的步距发生变化。不同交叉口的主要协调相位并非总是主要道路的前置相位,而前置的非协调相位的基础绿信比时间可能在不同的步距发生变化。各个交叉口的主要协调相位可能在不同的步距发生变化。因此,必须调节交叉口在下一步距的背景方案启用时刻,才能达成下一步距的基础相位差。
(4)系统时间参考点
系统时间参考点(SR
m,n)是各个交叉口在第m个步距、第n个信号周期的基础方案差基准时刻。
第1个步距,将本发明的计划启用时刻(START)视为ST
1,1;第2个及后续每个步距,根据SR
m-1,N、
BasC
m-1、
计算SR
m,1,见公式30。由于
和
均是非负值,SR
m,1与SR
m-1,N的差值始终大于等于BasC
m-1。
利用公式31计算第m个步距、第2个至第N个信号周期的SR
m,n。
SR
m,n|n∈[2,N]=SR
m,n-1+BasC
m (31)
八、第N个信号周期的基础绿灯时间增加量
信号机收到下一步距的背景方案时,交叉口处于当前步距的第N个信号周期,为了实现新旧背景方案的过渡,以便在正确的时间启用下一步距的背景方案,信号机必须调整第N个信号周期的基础信号周期时长,使得某些协调相位或非协调相位获得额外的基础绿灯时间。
将信号机收到下一步距的背景方案时正在显示绿灯或尚未显示绿灯的协调相位或非协调相位称为活跃相位,已经切断绿灯的协调相位或非协调相位称为非活跃相位。只有活跃相位才能获得额外的基础绿灯时间。
需要注意的是,对于协调相位后置的交叉口,若前置的非协调相位是活跃相位,它所获得的基础绿灯时间增加量将使得交叉口在第N个信号周期的基础相位差发生变化。
九、允许绿灯切断时段
允许绿灯切断时段
是第i个交叉口的协调相位在第m个步距的基础绿灯 时间后部允许利用感应控制逻辑切断绿灯的时间范围,见公式45。
接近MinG
i,Kj时,
主要取决于
远大于MinG
i,Kj时,
主要取决于BasC
m。
十、强制绿灯切断时刻
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供的方法能够在无人干预的情况下,以简单、高效、廉价的方式,按照预定的目标,面向干道沿线归属于同一协调信号控制范围的四路信号控制交叉口,自动生成适应机动车通行需求短时变化规律的背景协调信号配时方案、允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻。
图1是本发明适用的典型四路信号控制交叉口示意图。
图2是本发明的时间轴图。
图3是期望基础绿灯时间递推关系图。
本发明适用的典型四路信号控制交叉口,如图1所示。本发明对于两条道路的中心线夹角不做要求,对于主要道路或次要道路是否设置右转进口车道、右转相位也不做要求。
本发明的时间轴,如图2所示。每天凌晨的某一时刻启用本发明,每天深夜的某一时刻停用本发明。主要道路实施双向协调时,控制中心可以在计算下一步距的基础相位差和基础方案差时切换主要协调相位。
本发明的计划启用时刻,控制中心执行的操作如下:
(1)计算各个交叉口的协调相位和非协调相位在第1个步距的期望基础绿灯时间和期望基础绿信比时间;
(2)计算各个交叉口在第1个步距的期望基础信号周期时长,确定第1个步距的基础信号周期时长;
(3)计算各个交叉口的协调相位和非协调相位在第1个步距的基础绿信比时间和基础绿灯时间;
(4)计算各个交叉口在第1个步距的基础相位差和基础方案差;
(5)计算第1步距的系统时间参考点;
(6)将各个交叉口在第1个步距的背景方案下发至信号机。
信号机收到控制中心在计划启用时刻下发的数据后执行的操作如下:
(1)生成第1个步距的允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻;
(2)自第1个步距、第1个信号周期的背景方案启用时刻开始,运行感应控制逻辑。
第m个步距的第1个至第N-1个信号周期,信号机执行的操作如下:
(1)运行感应控制逻辑;
(2)计算协调相位和非协调相位在每个信号周期的期望绿灯时时间。
第m个步距的第N个信号周期,信号机执行的操作如下:
(1)运行感应控制逻辑;
(2)向控制中心上报协调相位和非协调相位在第1个至第N-1个信号周期的期望绿灯时间。
第m个步距的第N个信号周期,控制中心收到所有信号机上报的数据后执行的操作如下:
(1)预测各个交叉口的协调相位和非协调相位在第m+1个步距的期望基础绿灯时间,计算它们在第m+1个步距的期望基础绿信比时间;
(2)计算各个交叉口在第m+1个步距的期望基础信号周期时长,确定第m+1个步距的基础信号周期时长;
(3)计算各个交叉口的协调相位和非协调相位在第m+1个步距的基础绿信比时间和基础绿灯时间;
(4)计算各个交叉口在第m+1个步距的基础相位差和基础方案差;
(5)计算第m+1步距的系统时间参考点;
(6)将各个交叉口在第m+1个步距的背景方案下发至信号机。
第m个步距的第N个信号周期,信号机收到控制中心下发的数据后执行的操作如下:
(1)计算协调相位和非协调相位在第m个步距、第N个信号周期的基础绿灯时间增加量;
(2)更新第m个步距、第N个信号周期的允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻;
(3)生成第m+1个步距的允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻。
第i个交叉口的协调相位或非协调相位在第m个步距的期望基础绿灯时间递推关系,如图3所示。箭头起点表示输入值,箭头终点表示输出值。一些技术参数的建议取值如下:
α∈[0.6,0.9];
β
i,Kj|j=5,11=10%;
f
ExpBasG=0.05;
GapT
i,Kj=3秒;
MaxBasC∈[120秒,150秒];
MaxExpAddG
i,Kj|j=5,11=10秒;MaxExpAddG
i,Kj|j≠5,11=5秒;
MinG
i,Kj|j=2,5,8,11=15秒;MinG
i,Kj|j=3,6,9,12=10秒;
RC
i,Kj=2秒;
YC
i,Kj=3秒。
Claims (2)
- 一种感应式协调信号自主控制方法,适用于干道沿线归属于同一协调信号控制范围的四路信号控制交叉口,其特征在于,所述的感应式协调信号自主控制方法的执行主体包括控制中心和信号机,涉及实施条件、相位设置、时间轴、符号说明、感应控制逻辑、期望绿灯时间、背景方案、第N个信号周期的基础绿灯时间增加量、允许绿灯切断时段、强制绿灯切断时刻10个方面的内容,具体如下:一、实施条件交叉口层面的实施条件包括:(1)交叉口由双向通行的两条道路相交而成,每个进口方向均设置直行机动车相位和左转相位机动车,直行机动车相位以下简称直行相位,左转相位机动车简称左转相位;(2)直行相位施划直行进口车道,采用机动车圆形信号灯,左转相位施划左转进口车道,采用机动车箭头信号灯;(3)机动车信号灯的灯色显示顺序为“红色→绿色→黄色→红色”,行人信号灯的灯色显示顺序为“红色→绿色→红色”,信号灯色每秒更新1次;(4)已知直行相位和左转相位的信号配时参数,可以采用适当的方法得到其他相位的信号配时参数;(5)相对进口方向首先启亮绿灯的直行相位或左转相位称为前置相位,与之冲突的左转相位或直行相位称为后置相位,不同的前置相位采用相同的黄灯时间和红灯清空时间,不同的后置相位亦采用相同的黄灯时间和红灯清空时间;(6)前置相位切断绿灯后,与之冲突的后置相位将启亮绿灯,相对进口方向的两个后置相位必须同时切断绿灯;(7)在直行相位和左转相位的每条进口车道的停止线上游40米处安装机动车检测器,每个检测器独立采集车辆时距;干道层面的实施条件包括:(1)干道沿线的所有交叉口均具备上述实施条件;(2)为干道沿线的所有交叉口配备1个控制中心,为干道沿线的每个交叉口配备1台信号机,控制中心与信号机之间能够实时进行数据传输;(3)干道是主要道路,与干道相交的道路是次要道路;(4)主要道路的直行相位是协调相位,主要道路的左转相位以及次要道路的直行相位和左转相位均是非协调相位;(5)主要道路实施双向协调时,必须区分主要协调相位和次要协调相位;(6)背景方案中,将主要道路的前置相位的绿灯启亮时刻视为信号周期时长起点和背景方案启用时刻,各个交叉口的主要协调相位的绿灯启亮时间差始终小于信号周期时长;二、相位设置交叉口的相位编号方式如下:机动车相位K2:次要道路、进出口方向1的直行相位;机动车相位K3:次要道路、进出口方向1的左转相位;机动车相位K5:主要道路、进出口方向1的直行相位;机动车相位K6:主要道路、进出口方向1的左转相位;机动车相位K8:次要道路、进出口方向2的直行相位;机动车相位K9:次要道路、进出口方向2的左转相位;机动车相位K11:主要道路、进出口方向2的直行相位;机动车相位K12:主要道路、进出口方向2的左转相位;行人相位F1:次要道路、进出口方向1的行人相位;行人相位F2:主要道路、进出口方向1的行人相位;行人相位F3:次要道路、进出口方向2的行人相位;行人相位F4:主要道路、进出口方向2的行人相位;相位K5、K11是协调相位,相位K2、K3、K6、K8、K9和K12是非协调相位;沿着相位K11的行车方向,从1至I为各个交叉口编号;主要道路的相对进出口方向可以采用的相位显示顺序如下:(1)相位K5、K6前置,相位K11、K12后置;(2)相位K5、K11前置,相位K6、K12后置;(3)相位K6、K12前置,相位K5、K11后置;(4)相位K11、K12前置,相位K5、K6后置;次要道路的相对进出口方向可以采用的相位显示顺序如下:(1)相位K2、K3前置,相位K8、K9后置;(2)相位K2、K8前置,相位K3、K9后置;(3)相位K3、K9前置,相位K2、K8后置;(4)相位K8、K9前置,相位K2、K3后置;三、时间轴以连续N个信号周期作为1个生成背景方案的步距;本发明的计划启用时刻,控制中心生成各个交叉口在第1个步距的背景方案,下发至信号机;信号机生成第1个步距的允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻;自第1个步距、第1个信号周期的背景方案启用时刻开始,信号机每秒运行1次感应控制逻辑;当前步距的第1个至第N-1个信号周期,信号机计算协调相位和非协调相位在每个信号周期的期望绿灯时间;当前步距的第N个信号周期,信号机将协调相位和非协调相位在第1个至第N-1个信号周期的期望绿灯时间上报至控制中心;控制中心收到所有信号机上报的数据后,预测各个交叉口的协调相位和非协调相位在下一步距的期望基础绿灯时间,生成各个交叉口在下一步距的背景方案,下发至信号机;信号机收到数据后,调整当前步距、第N个信号周期的背景方案、允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻,实现新旧背景方案的过渡,生成下一步距的允许绿灯切断时段和强制绿灯切断时刻;本发明的计划停用时刻,控制中心将停用指令下发至信号机;信号机收到停用指令后,继续运行感应控制逻辑至当前信号周期结束;而后,信号机开始运行其他信号控制方法;四、符号说明α=平滑系数β i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的允许绿灯切断时段在基础信号周期时长中所占的比例BasC m=第m个步距的基础信号周期时长d i+1,K5→i,K5=第i+1个交叉口的相位K5至第i个交叉口的相位K5的停止线间距d i-1,K11→i,K11=第i-1个交叉口的相位K11至第i个交叉口的相位K11的停止线间距f ExpBasG=期望基础绿灯时间放大系数GapT i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的车辆时距阈值i=交叉口编号,i=1,2,…,IIG i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的绿灯间隔时间Kj=协调相位和非协调相位的编号m=步距编号,m=1,2,…,MMaxBasC=最大基础信号周期时长MaxExpAddG i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的最大期望增加绿灯时间MinG i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的最小绿灯时间n=每个步距内的信号周期编号,n=1,2,…,NNL i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的进口车道数RC i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的红灯清空时间SR m,n=第m个步距、第n个信号周期的系统时间参考点START=本发明的计划启用时刻X i,Kj=X i,Kj=1表示第i个交叉口的相位Kj是前置相位;X i,Kj=0表示第i个交叉口的相位Kj是后置相位YC i,Kj=第i个交叉口、相位Kj的黄灯时间五、感应控制逻辑感应控制逻辑是信号机动态调整协调相位和非协调相位的绿灯时间的规则集合;以服务连续的机动车通行需求为目标,构造协调相位和非协调相位的绿灯切断条件;协调相位的绿灯切断条件包括:(1)协调相位的绿灯时间延长至当前信号周期的允许绿灯切断时段起点及以后,同时,协调相位不存在连续的通行需求,也就是说,自允许绿灯切断时段起点开始,协调相位的所有检测器采集的车辆时距先后或同时大于车辆时距阈值;(2)协调相位的绿灯时间延长至当前信号周期的允许绿灯切断时段终点;非协调相位的绿灯切断条件包括:(1)非协调相位的绿灯时间达到最小绿灯时间,同时,非协调相位不存在连续的通行需求,也就是说,自最小绿灯时间结束时刻开始,非协调相位的所有检测器采集的车辆时距先后或同时大于车辆时距阈值;(2)非协调相位的绿灯时间延长至当前信号周期的强制绿灯切断时刻;一旦前置的协调相位或非协调相位满足它的任意一个绿灯切断条件,立即切断它的绿灯;当且仅当后置的一个协调相位或非协调相位与另一个协调相位或非协调相位均满足它们的任意一个绿灯切断条件时,同时切断它们的绿灯;六、期望绿灯时间协调相位的最小绿灯时间结束时刻至允许绿灯切断时段起点的时间范围称为保护绿灯延长时段,在此期间,无论协调相位是否存在通行需求,都将延长它的绿灯时间; 等于保护绿灯延长时段内,协调相位的半数或超过半数的检测器采集的车辆时距同时小于等于车辆时距阈值GapT i,Kj的总时间;协调相位的 等于自允许绿灯切断时段起点开始,协调相位的所有检测器采集的车辆时距先后或同时大于GapT i,Kj所经历的时间;一旦 超出了允许绿灯切断时段终点,超出部分不得大于协调相位的最大期望增加绿灯时间MaxExpAddG i,Kj;非协调相位的 等于自最小绿灯时间结束时刻开始,非协调相位的所有检测器采集的车辆时距先后或同时大于GapT i,Kj所经历的时间;一旦 超出强制绿灯切断时刻,超出部分不得大于非协调相位的MaxExpAddG i,Kj;七、背景方案背景方案中定义的信号配时参数包括:基础信号周期时长、基础绿信比时间、基础绿灯时间、基础相位差、基础方案差和系统时间参考点;以按需分配基础绿信比时间、精准达成基础相位差为目标,生成各个交叉口在每个步距的背景方案;(1)基础信号周期时长相位Kj的绿灯间隔时间IG i,Kj等于黄灯时间YC i,Kj加上红灯清空时间RC i,Kj,见公式11;IG i,Kj=YC i,Kj+RC i,Kj (11)基础信号周期时长BasC m是各个交叉口在第m个步距统一采用的基础信号周期时长;(2)基础绿信比时间和基础绿灯时间(3)基础相位差和基础方案差(2)相邻交叉口的主要协调相位的停止线间距d i+1,K5→i,K5、d i-1,K11→i,K11;通过调节交叉口在下一步距的背景方案启用时刻,达成下一步距的基础相位差;(4)系统时间参考点系统时间参考点SR m,n是各个交叉口在第m个步距、第n个信号周期的基础方案差基准时刻;第1个步距,将计划启用时刻START视为SR 1,1;第2个及后续每个步距,根据SR m-1,N、 BasC m-1、 计算SR m,1,见公式30;由于 和 均是非负值,SR m,1与SR m-1,N的差值始终大于等于BasC m-1;利用公式31计算第m个步距、第2个至第N个信号周期的SR m,n;SR m,n|n∈[2,N]=SR m,n-1+BasC m (31)八、第N个信号周期的基础绿灯时间增加量信号机收到下一步距的背景方案时,交叉口处于当前步距的第N个信号周期,信号机必须调整第N个信号周期的基础信号周期时长,使某些协调相位或非协调相位获得额外的基础绿灯时间,完成新旧背景方案的过渡;将信号机收到下一步距的背景方案时正在显示绿灯或尚未显示绿灯的协调相位或非协调相位称为活跃相位,已经切断绿灯的协调相位或非协调相位称为非活跃相位;只有活跃相位才能获得额外的基础绿灯时间;九、允许绿灯切断时段十、强制绿灯切断时刻
- 利用公式10计算相位Kj在第3个及后续每个步距的 根据相位Kj的进口车道数NL i,Kj和期望基础绿灯时间放大系数f ExpBasG,修正 的预测结果,同时,应 当确保 的预测结果大于等于MinG i,Kj;
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| CN110047300B (zh) * | 2019-04-10 | 2021-01-12 | 合肥学院 | 交叉口左转待行车辆实时优化控制方法 |
| CN110189531B (zh) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-07-02 | 东南大学 | 一种城市道路干线交叉口协调控制过渡方案制定方法 |
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| CN111554106A (zh) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-08-18 | 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 | 交叉口感应信号控制的方法、设备和计算机设备 |
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